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SHENANDOAH
National Park
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Appendix (continued)

Herbaceous Flowering Plants

The following list, provided by Charles E. Stevens, consists of 201 of the more common and/or interesting herbaceous flowering plants of the park. Most common and all scientific names follow Gray's Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, 8th Edition, 1950.

Habitat symbols: 1 oak, oak-hickory forest; 2 cove hardwoods; 3 hemlock, hemlock-white pine groves; 4 oak-pine forest; 5 birch-maple forest; 6 wooded streams, stream margins, boggy places; 7 fields, road shoulders; 8 shrubby abandoned fields; 9 shrub swamp; 10 open cliffs, rock outcrops; 11 shaded cliffs, rock outcrops


Common NameScientific NameHabitats

Brome-grassBromus purgans1, 2, 11
Orchard-grassDactylis glomerata7
Poverty-grassDanthonia spicata1, 7, 8, 10
Bottle-brush GrassHystrix patula1, 5, 11
WiregrassPoa compressa1, 7, 8, 10
WiregrassP. cuspidata1, 2, 11
SedgeCarex aestivalis5, 11
SedgeC. pensylvanica1, 5, 7, 10, 11
SedgeC. platyphylla1, 2, 3, 11
SedgeC. torta6
BulrushScirpus cyperinus6, 9
Jack-in-the-PulpitArisaema triphyllum2
Skunk-cabbageSymplocarpus foetidus6, 9
Virginia SpiderwortTradescantia virginiana5, 11
Wild OnionAllium cernuum10, 11
Fly-poisonAmianthium muscaetoxicum1, 4, 11
Bluebead-lilyClintonia borealis5
Speckled Wood-lilyC. umbellulata3, 5, 11
Yellow Adder's-tongueErythronium americanum2
Turk's-cap LilyLilium superbum2, 6, 11
Wild Lily-of-the-valleyMaianthemum canadense3, 5, 11
Indian Cucumber-rootMedeola virginiana1, 2, 3
BunchflowerMelanthium parviflorum2, 3, 5
Solomon's-sealPolygonatum biflorum1, 2, 11
False SpikenardSmilacina racemosa1, 2, 11
SawbrierSmilax glauca1, 6, 8
FeatherbellsStenanthium gramineum1, 4, 11
Erect TrilliumTrillium erectum2, 3, 5
Large-flowered TrilliumT. grandiflorum2, 5
Painted TrilliumT. undulatum3
Perfoliate BellwortUvularia perfoliata2
Sessile BellwortU. sessilifolia1, 2
White HelleboreVeratrum viride6, 9
TurkeybeardXerophyllum asphodeloides4
YamDioscorea quaternata1, 2, 3
Hairy StargrassHypoxis hirsuta1, 8
Dwarf IrisIris verna1, 4
Narrow-leaved Blue-eyed GrassSisyrinchium angustifolium1, 8
Putty-rootAplectrum hyemale2
Spotted Coral-rootCorallorhiza maculata1, 2, 3
Late Coral-rootC. odontorhiza1, 2, 3
Stemless Lady's-slipperCypripedium acaule1, 3, 4
Yellow Lady's-slipperC. calceolus1, 2
Downy Rattlesnake-plantainGoodyera pubescens1, 2, 3
Green Woodland OrchisHabenaria clavellata6
Small Purple-fringed OrchisH. psycodes6
Whorled PogoniaIsotria verticillata1, 4
Lily-leaved TwaybladeLiparis lilifolia1
Showy OrchisOrchis spectabilis2
Nodding Ladies'-tressesSpiranthes cernua6, 8
Canada Wild GingerAsarum canadense2
Virginia HeartleafA. virginicum1
Deptford PinkDianthus armeria7, 8
White CampionLynchnis alba7, 8
Bouncing-betSaponaria officinalis7, 8
Carolina CatchflySilene caroliniana10
Starry CampionS. stellata1, 2, 11
Great ChickweedStellaria pubera1, 2, 3, 11
Spring-beautyClaytonia virginica2
White BaneberryActaea pachypoda2, 3
Wood AnemoneAnemone quinnquefolia2, 6
ThimbleweedA. virginiana1, 8
Rue AnemoneAnemonella thalictroides1, 2, 3
Wild ColumbineAquilegia canadensis1, 11
Marsh-marigoldCaltha palustris6, 9
Black SnakerootCimicifuga racemosa1, 2
Virgin's-bowerClematis virginiana1, 8
Round-lobed LiverleafHepatica americana1, 2, 3
Kidneyleaf ButtercupRanunculus abortivus1, 6
Bulbous ButtercupR. bulbosus7
Early Meadow-rueThalictrum dloicum1, 2, 6
Blue CohoshCaulophyllum thalictroides2
May-applePodophyllum peltatum1, 2
PoppyPapaver dubium7
BloodrootSanguinaria canadensis1, 2
Pale CorydalisCorydalis sempervirens10
Dutchman's-breechesDicentra cucullaria2
Turkey-cornD. eximia11
Rock-cressArabins laevigata1, 2, 10, 11
Early Winter-cressBarbarea vera7, 8
Shepherd's PurseCapsella bursa-pastoris7, 8
Bitter CressCardamine hirsuta7, 8
Cutleaf ToothwortDentaria laciniata1, 2, 3
Cow-cressLepidium cam pestre7, 8
Field Penny-cressThlaspi arvense7, 8
StonecropSedum ternatum1, 2, 11
Allegheny StonecropS. telephioides10
AlumrootHeuchera americana10, 11
MiterwortMitella diphylla2, 6
Michaux's SaxifrageSaxifraga michauxii10
Lettuce SaxifrageS. micranthindifolia6
Early SaxifrageS. virginiensis10, 11
Goat's-beardAruncus dioicus1, 2, 5, 11
Wild StrawberryFragaria virginiana7, 8
Bowman's-rootGillenia trifoliata1
Wild IndigoBaptisia tinctoria4
Wild Sensitive PlantCassia nictitans7, 8
Naked-flowered Tick-trefoilDesmodium nudiflorum1
Wild LupineLupinus perennis1
Goat's-rueTephrosia virginiana1, 4
Red CloverTrifolium pratense7
Wood-vetchVicia caroliniana1, 8
Common Wood-sorrelOxalis montana3
Violet Wood-sorrelO. violacea1, 2
Carolina Wild GeraniumGeranium carolininanum7, 8
Wild GeraniumG. maculatum1, 2
Flowering SpurgeEuphorbia corollata8, 10
Climbing BittersweetCelastrus scandens8
Spotted Touch-me-notImpatiens capensis1, 2, 3, 6
Virginia CreeperParthenocissus quinnquefolia1, 8, 10
Canada VioletViola canadensis2
Marsh Blue VioletV. cucullata6
Northern Downy VioletV. fimbriatula7, 8
Field-pansyV. kitaebeliana7, 8
Common Blue VioletV. papilionacea1, 2, 7, 8
Birdfoot VioletV. pedata1, 4
Smooth Yellow VioletV. pensylvanica1, 2
FireweedEpilobium angustifolium8, 10
Evening-primroseOenothera biennis7, 8
Wild SarsaparillaAralia nuducaulis1, 3, 4, 5
Spotted CowbaneCicuta maculata6, 9
LovageLigusticum canadense1, 2, 3
Sweet CicelyOsmorhiza claytoni2
Black SnakerootSanicula canadensis1, 2
Meadow-parsnipThaspium barbinode1
Meadow-parsnipT. trifoliatum1
Spotted WintergreenChimaphila maculata1, 3, 4
Trailing ArbutusEpigaea repens1, 4
TeaberryGaultheria procumbens1, 4
Whorled LoosestrifeLysimachia quadrifolia1, 3, 4
Star-flowerTrientalis borealis3, 5
Stiff GentianGentiana quinquefolia7, 8
PennywortObolaria virginica2
Indian HempApocynum cannabinum7, 8
Butterfly-weedAsclepias tuberosa7, 8, 10
Moss-phloxPhlox subulata10
WaterleafHydrophyllum virginianum1, 2
Viper's BuglossEchium vulgare7, 8
Horse-balmCollinsonia canadensis2, 6
Wild BergamotMonarda fistulosa7, 8
Mountain-mintPycnanthemum incanum1, 8
SkullcapScutellaria integrifolia2
White TurtleheadChelone glabra6
Smooth GerardiaGerardia laevigata1, 3
Butter-and-eggsLinaria vulgaris7, 8
Cow-wheatMelampyrum lineare4
Common LousewortPedicularis canadensis1, 3, 8
Beard-tonguePenstemon canescens8, 10
Hairy Beard-tongueP. hirsutus8, 10
FigwortScrophularia marilandica1, 2, 8
Common SpeedwellVeronica officinalis1, 7, 8
CleaversGalium aparine1, 2, 8
Broad-leaved BedstrawG. latifolium1
BluetsHoustonia caerulea1, 3, 8
Long-leaved BluetsH. longifolia1, 9
Partridge-berryMitchella repens1, 3, 11
Japanese HoneysuckleLonicera japonica1, 2, 8
Southern HarebellCampanula divaricata1, 5, 10, 11
Venus's Looking-glassSpecularia perfoliata7, 8
Cardinal-flowerLobelia cardinalis6
Common YarrowAchillea millefolium7, 8
Wing-stemActinomeris alternifolia6, 8
Common RagweedAmbrosia artemisiifolia7, 8
Plantain-leaved Pussy's-toesAntennaria plantaginifolia7, 8, 10
Whorled Wood AsterAster acuminnatus3, 5, 6
White Wood AsterA. divaricatus1, 2, 3, 5, 11
Smooth AsterA. laevis1
Late Purple AsterA. patens1, 7, 8
Spanish NeedlesBidens bipinnnata8
Spotted Star-thistleCentaurea maculosa7, 8
ChrysogonumChrysogonum virginianum1
Whorled CoreopsisCoreopsis verticillata1, 4, 10
PilewortErechtites hieracifolia1, 7, 8
HorseweedErigeron canadensis7, 8
Joe-pye-weedEupatorium fistulosum6
BonesetE. perfoliatum6, 9
Purple Joe-pye weedE. purpureum1, 2
White SnakerootE. rugosum1, 2, 8
CatfootGnaphalium obtusifolium7, 8
Woodland SunflowerHelianthus divaricatus8, 10
Ox-eyeHeliopsis helianthoides1, 2, 8
Rattlesnake-weedHieracium venosum1, 4
Wild LettuceLactuca canadensis1, 8
Blazing-starLiatris graminifolia7, 8, 10
Wild QuinineParthenium integrifolium7, 8, 10
Small-flowered LeafcupPolymnia canadensis2, 11
White LettucePrenanthes alba1
Black-eyed SusanRudbeckia hirta7, 8
Cutleaf ConeflowerR. laciniata6
Ox-eye-daisyChrysanthemum leucanthemum7, 8
Golden RagwortSenecio aureus6
Smalls' RagwortS. smallii7, 8, 11
White-topped AsterSericocarpus asteroides1, 4
Tall GoldenrodSolidago altissima7, 8
White GoldenrodS. bicolor1, 8
Blue-stemmed GoldenrodS. caesia1, 2, 3
Erect GoldenrodS. erecta1, 8
Downy GoldenrodS. puberula1, 8
Rough-stemmed GoldenrodS. rugosa8
Common DandelionTaraxacum officinale7
New York IronweedVernonia noveboracensis6

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Last Modified: Sat, Nov 4 2006 10:00:00 pm PST
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