Aztec Ruins Administrative History

1 Upper Sonoran vegetation zone is typified by a complex of plants such as Artemsia tridentata, Attriplex canascens, Chrysothamus sp., Yucca baccata, and Pinus edulis, among others.

2 The legal location is San Juan County, SE1/4, SW1/4, Sec. 4, T30N, R11W. Aztec Ruins refers to a concentration of prehistoric sites in the lower Animas valley. In this study, it is used synonymously with Aztec Ruins National Monument. In some contexts, Aztec also denotes the monument; in others, it means the modern town. Aztec Ruin and West Ruin are used interchangeably for the largest, westernmost of the communal houses within the monument precinct. All references to the American Museum of Natural History excavations and collections and the National Park Service custodianship until 1927 use these latter designations.

3 Irving D. Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 4, 1945; Louis Caywood to Regional Director, National Park Service, May 1, 1945; Leslie Spier to Caywood, November 28, 1945 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

4 Douglas D. Dykeman, The Ceramic Consultant's Comments on the Aztec Ruins Collection, Appendix B, 1-4 in Susan E. Bearden and Ronald G. Hefner, Aztec Ruins National Monument, Cataloging Analysis Project, 37, Contract No. PX-7029-7-0678, May 1988.

5 C.V. Koogler and Virginia Koogler Whitney, Aztec: a Story of Old Aztec from the Anasazi to Statehood (Forth Worth: American Reference Publishing Company, 1972), 3; Temple H. Cornelius, Sherds and Points 2, no. 21 (1941), reprinted from Durango Herald Democrat, June 22, 1941.

6 Collection Accession file, Accession 24, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico.

7 Herbert E. Bolton, Pageant in the Wilderness: the Story of the Escalante Expedition to the Interior Basin (Salt Lake City: Utah Historical Society), 245.

8 Earl H. Morris to Ansel F. Hall, February 25, 1935 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

9 [Antonio Armijo], Itinerary from New (North) Mexico to Upper California Traversed in 1829 and 1830 by Sixty Mexicans (Paris: Geographic Society, 1935), 316-23.

10 J.S. Newberry, Report of the Exploring Expedition from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Junction of the Grand and Green Rivers of the Great Colorado of the West in 1859 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1876), 79-80.

11 Charles Baker to Surveyor General of New Mexico, California Farmer, June 19, 1863.

12 F.E. Stevens, "Aztec Remains in La Plata County, Colorado," Kansas City Review of Science and Technology 6 (1883): 442.

13 Frederic M. Endlich, Description of Ruins near Aztec, New Mexico, U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ninth Annual Report, 1875 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1877), 176-91.

14 Lewis H. Morgan, "On the Ruins of a Stone Pueblo on the Animas River in New Mexico," Reports of the Peabody Museum (1880): 536-56.

15 Koogler and Whitney, Aztec, 13.

16 Duane A. Smith, Mesa Verde National Park: Shadows of the Centuries (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1988), 13.

17 Land Patent issued to John A. Koontz, November 28, 1890, photocopy (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

18 Florence C. Lister and Robert H. Lister, Earl Morris and Southwestern Archaeology (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1968), unnumbered photograph at top of fourth page of center signature.

19 Sherman S. Howe, My Story of the Aztec Ruins (Farmington: Times Hustler Press, 1947), 12.

20 Warren K. Moorehead to Morris, March 25, 1919 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

21 A share in the Farmers Ditch equalled the flow through an orifice 40 inches long, four inches high, and with a four-inch head. Irving D. Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 1, 1945 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

22 Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister, Aztec Ruins on the Animas (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987), frontispiece.

23 Koogler and Whitney, Aztec, 117.

24 Aztec Independent Review, February 19, 1971.

1 Earl H. Morris, "Notes on Excavations in the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 5 (1928): 393.

2 Duane A. Smith, Mesa Verde National Park: Shadows of the Centuries (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1988), 7-21.

3 Florence C. Lister and Robert H. Lister, Earl Morris and Southwestern Archaeology (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1968), 9-10.

4 Introduction to the catalogue of the Morris pottery collection (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

5 Earl H. Morris to John Max Wulfing, n.d. 1915 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

6 Morris to Nels C. Nelson, August 10, 1915 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

7 Morris to Wulfing, February 14, 1916 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

8 Morris to Henry D. Abrams, February 13, 1916 (Document files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

9 Abrams to Morris, February 11, 1916 (Document files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

10 Morris to Abrams, February 13, 1916 (Document files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

11 Abrams to Morris, April 15, 1916 (Document files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

12 Livingston Farrand to Clark Wissler, April 14, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

13 Morris to Wissler, April 30, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

14 Nelson to Wissler, July 23, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

15 Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister, Aztec Ruins on the Animas (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987), Figure top p. 31.

16 Ibid., Figure top p. 10.

17 Collection Accession 3 (Collection Accession files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

18 Neil M. Judd, "The Pueblo Bonito Expedition of the National Geographic Society," National Geographic Magazine (March 1922): 321.

19 Lister and Lister, Earl Morris, 112-41.

20 Homer Hastings to Jerry Wood, June 6, 1966 (Document files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

1 F.A. Lucas to Clark Wissler, May 3, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

2 Farmington Times Hustler, August 10, 1916.

3 Nels C. Nelson to Earl H. Morris, May 1, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

4 Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister, Aztec Ruins on the Animas (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987), figures p. 21, top p. 14.

5 Earl H. Morris, "The Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 1 (1919): 13.

6 Morris to Nelson, April 23, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

7 Morris to Wissler, April 23, 1916 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

8 Pliny Earle Goddard to Morris, July 31, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

9 Earl H. Morris, "Notes on Excavations in the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 5 (1928): 413.

10 Ibid., 268-71.

11 Kiva A, B, and C are briefly discussed in Earl H. Morris's West Ruin kiva notes (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder; Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

12 Morris to Nelson, September 3, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

13 Morris, "Notes on Excavations," 294.

14 Ibid., 276-78.

15 Morris to Goddard, September 26, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

16 Map of Aztec Ruins National Monument, undated (ca. 1931-34); Drawing NM-AR-10,700A, east half, undated (Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico); Nelson to Wissler, July 23, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

17 Morris to Nelson, April 23, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

18 Sherman S. Howe, My Story of the Aztec Ruins (Farmington: Times Hustler, 1947), 28; Morris, "Aztec Ruin," 8.

19 A National Park Service geologist noted traces of irrigation ditches in 1936. Report of Region Geologist on Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico, July 8, 1936 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington). Homer Hastings, in undated and unaddressed memorandum, wrote that when the Abrams land was surveyed prior to 1970, traces of a prehistoric irrigation ditch on the west side of the Animas River were observed by Soil Conservation Service personnel (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

20 Dean Howe and Luther Hampton, map of east prehistoric irrigation ditch, Animas valley, 1940 (Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

21 Howe, Aztec Ruins, 10.

22 Frederic M. Endlich, Description of Ruins near Aztec, New Mexico, U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Ninth Annual Report, 1875 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1877), 176-91.

23 Morris to Wissler, September 3, 1916; Wissler to Henry Fairfield Osborn, quoting Morris, October 23, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at American Museum of Natural History, New York).

24 Wissler to Osborn, October 23, 1916 (Aztec Ruin files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

25 Morris to Nelson, Septemer 3, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Lister and Lister, Aztec Ruins, figure bottom p. 26, 27.

26 Morris to Nelson, June 8, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

27 Earl H. Morris, "Burials in the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 3 (1924): 212.

28 Lister and Lister, Aztec Ruins, figures bottom p. 23, 24.

29 Earl H. Morris, "Further Discoveries at the Aztec Ruin," American Museum Journal 18, no. 7 (1918): 604.

30 Photographs #909-910 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

31 Lister and Lister, Aztec Ruins, 35-44.

32 Ibid., figure top p. 44.

33 Ibid., figure bottom p. 44.

34 Ibid., figure right of p. 43.

35 Morris, "Notes on Excavations," 297.

36 Ibid., 303.

37 Wissler to Henry D. Abrams, October 23, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

38 Morris, "Aztec Ruin," 65-92.

39 Earl H. Morris, "Chronology of the San Juan Area," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 7 (1921): 18-22.

40 Morris, "Aztec Ruin," 19-34.

41 Ibid., 92-103.

42 Morris, "Burials in the Aztec Ruin," 156.

43 Morris, "Further Discoveries," 609.

44 Morris, "Aztec Ruin," 35-40.

45 Lister and Lister, Aztec Ruins, figures top and bottom, p.31, top and bottom, p. 49, 47-48; Morris, "Aztec Ruin," 43-64.

46 Morris, "Burials in the Aztec Ruin," 55-61.

47 Morris to Goddard, October 16, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

48 Morris to Wissler, n.d., 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

49 Earl H. Morris, Field Catalogue (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York; Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

50 Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister, Anasazi Pottery (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1978), Figures 20, 26-29, 35.

51 Earl H. Morris, Introduction to catalogue of pottery collection, entries 40 and 51 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

52 Morris to Wissler, October 25, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

53 Hunter S. Moles to Wissler, April 4, 1918; Morris to T.A. Pierce, April 20, 1918; J.M. Jackson to Morris, May 10, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Jackson to American Museum of Natural History, May 10, 1918 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

54 El Palacio, July 17, 1918.

55 Clark Wissler, Annual Report, American Museum of Natural History, December 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

56 Wissler to Osborn, May 2, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

57 B. Talbot B. Hyde to Wissler, July 23, 1918; Hyde to Osborn, July 29, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

58 Morris to Nelson, December 21, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

59 Photographs #909-910 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

60 Morris to Nelson, December 21, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

61 Morris to Wissler, December 6, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

62 Wissler to Morris, October 3, 1918 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

63 Morris to Nelson, December 21, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

64 Morris to Wissler, September 20, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

65 Wissler to Morris, October 3, 1918 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

66 Morris to Wissler, November 20, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

67 Morris to Wissler, October 28, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

68 Morris to Wissler, December 17, 1918 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

69 Earl H. Morris, Annual Report, American Museum of Natural History, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

70 Morris to Nelson, December 21, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

71 Wissler to Morris, December 9, 1918 ((Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

72 Photographs #26, 140-43 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

73 Wissler to A.E. Douglass, May 22, 1915 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

74 Wissler to Livingston Farrand, June 1915 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

75 Douglass to Wissler, April 1, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

76 Wissler to Morris, April 20, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

77 Douglass to Wissler, April 30, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

78 Douglass to Wissler, May 22, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

79 Douglass to Wissler, October 7, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

80 Douglass to Wissler, November 14, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

81 Morris to Douglass, February 3, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

82 Douglass to Morris, February 16, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

83 Douglass to Morris, February 6, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

84 Aztec Independent, February 13, 1920.

85 Morris, "Notes on Excavations," 383-84; Photographs #821-26 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

86 Harry T. Getty to Johnwill Faris, May 18, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

87 Morris to Wissler, May 10, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

88 Morris to Wissler, October 1, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

89 Morris to Wissler, November 21, 1920 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

90 Morris to Wissler, October 1, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder); Morris to Wissler, April 11, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

91 Earl H. Morris, "The House of the Great Kiva at Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 2 (1921): 115-38; Florence C. Lister and Robert H. Lister, Earl Morris and Southwestern Archaeology (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1968), figure 9 in center signature.

92 Morris, Field Catalogue (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Photograph #785 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico) includes a hunchback human figure that may have been from Kiva Q. Perhaps it was repaired by Alma Adams in 1934, but it is now deposited at the American Museum of Natural History because of its special nature.

93 Wissler to Morris, January 21, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

94 Morris to Wissler, April 20, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

95 Morris to Wissler, May 3, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

96 Wissler to Morris, April 26, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

97 Morris to Wissler, May 3, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York; Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

98 Morris, "Notes on Excavations," 295.

99 Morris, "Burials in the Aztec Ruin," 193; Lister and Lister, Earl Morris, figure 8 in center signature.

100 Morris, "Chronology," 18-22.

101 Earl H. Morris, Aztec Ruin map, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

102 Earl H. Morris, "The Aztec Ruin Annex," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 4 (1924): 227-57.

103 Morris to Nelson, May 16, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

104 Morris, "Burials in the Aztec Ruin," 145-225.

105 Lister and Lister, Aztec Ruins, figure p. 50.

106 Morris to Wissler, April 11, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

107 Nelson to Morris, May 1, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

108 Farmington Times Hustler, April 4, 1918.

109 List of expenditures (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

110 Morris to Faris, November 27, 1933 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

111 Earl H. Morris, Report on Excavation of Room 189, to National Park Service, 1923; Morris to Douglass, September 6, 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

112 Morris to Wissler, September 3, 1927 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

113 Wissler to George H. Sherwood, September 10, 1927 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

114 Morris, Introduction to catalogue of pottery collection, entry 49 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

115 Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, 5 pts. (1919-28).

116 Morris to Douglass, September 6, 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

117 Getty to Faris, May 18, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

118 By 1974, 135 dates had been compiled from the West Ruin, East Ruin, Hubbard Mound, and unprovenienced features within the monument. William J. Robinson, Bruce G. Harrill, and Richard L. Warren, Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico (Tucson: Tree-Ring Research Laboratory, 1974).

1 Clark Wissler to Earl H. Morris, October 3, 1918 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

2 Morris to Johnwill Faris, January 3, 1931 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

3 Photograph #140 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

4 Wissler to Morris, n.d. (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

5 Morris to Wissler, August 8, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

6 Morris to Wissler, November 16, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

7 Morris to Wissler, December 17, 1918 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

8 Photograph #522 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

9 Morris to Faris, January 3, 1931 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

10 Photograph #864 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

11 Photograph #523 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

12 Expenditures on house construction, 1919, compiled from Morris correspondence (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder); Morris to Wissler, February 18, 1920 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

13 Morris to Wissler, October 1, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

14 n.d. Denver Post clipping (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

15 Morris to Wissler, October 1, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

16 Morris to Wissler, December 29, 1921 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

17 List of expenditures, n.d. (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

18 Photograph dated 1923, Aztec City Museum, Aztec, New Mexico.

19 Morris to Wissler, September 17, 1924 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

20 Wissler to Morris, September 23, 1924 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

21 Morris to Wissler, December 15, 1924 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

22 Morris to Wissler, July 17, July 25, August 10, and September 7, 1925 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

23 Wissler to George H. Sherwood, September 15, 1926 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

1 Pliny Earle Goddard to Henry D. Abrams, January 15, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

2 Abrams to Goddard, February 5, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

3 Abrams to Clark Wissler, March 27, 1916; Wissler to Henry Fairfield Osborn, April 11, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

4 Wissler to F.A. Lucas, March 16, 1916; Wissler to Abrams, March 27, 1916; Wissler to Osborn, April 11, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

5 Wissler to Abrams, March 18, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

6 Wissler to Earl H. Morris, October 4, 1917 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

7 Wissler to Abrams, January 15, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

8 Comments on the Proposed Purchase of the Aztec Ruins (1918?) (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

9 Osborn to Wissler, October 21 and November 25, 1918 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

10 Comments on the Proposed Purchase of the Aztec Ruins (1918?) (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

11 B. Talbot B. Hyde to Wissler, September 10, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

12 Comments on the Proposed Purchase of the Aztec Ruins (1918?) (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

13 Abrams to Wissler, September 17, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

14 Morris to Wissler, December 10 and 17, 1918 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

15 Comments on the Proposed Purchase of the Aztec Ruins (1918?) (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

16 Wissler to Abrams, January 16, 1919 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder; Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Abrams to Wissler, February 20, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

17 Wissler to Morris, January 16, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

18 Wissler to Osborn, May 8, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

19 Osborn to Wissler, May 20, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

20 Outline of Proposed Agreement with Mr. H.D. Abrams, July 1919; Wissler to Osborn, October 17, 1919; Wissler to Morris, October 27, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

21 Wissler to Osborn, October 17, 1919 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

22 Ibid.

23 Wissler to Morris, December 9, 1918; Morris to Wissler, January 12, 1920 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

24 Wissler to Lucas, December 21, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

25 Wissler to Morris, March 23, 1920; Wissler to Abrams, March 24, 1920 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

26 John Ise, Our National Park Policy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1961), 34-41.

27 Morris to Wissler, November 6, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

28 Conditions e and f; see Appendix G.

29 Wissler to Abrams, March 24, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

30 Wissler to Abrams, April 1, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

31 Wissler to Osborn, October 23, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

32 Wissler to Morris, n.d. (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

33 Wissler to Morris, April 1, 1920; Morris to Wissler, April 10, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder; Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

34 Morris to Wissler, March 31, 1920 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

35 Morris to Wissler, January 13, 1922 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

36 American Museum of Natural History Resolution, April 19, 1922 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

37 Proc. No. 1650 (42 Stat. 2295); Appendix A.

38 Wissler to Morris, January 31, 1923 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

39 San Juan Review, February 2, 1923; Farmington Times Hustler, February 16, 1923.

1 Stephen T. Mather to Clark Wissler, n.d., 1923 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Arno B. Cammerer to Earl H. Morris, February 9, 1923 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

2 Cammerer to Henry D. Abrams, February 9, 1923; Morris to Cammerer, February 9, 1923 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

3 F.M. Goodwin to Wissler, March 10, 1923 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

4 [Chief Clerk] Vipond to Morris, March 6, 1923 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder); Cammerer to Abrams, February 9, 1923 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

5 Morris to Cammerer, February 9, 1923 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

6 Morris to Wissler, January 5, 1921 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Aztec Independent, February 25, March 4, March 18, March 25, April 1, and May 13, 1921.

7 Johnwill Faris report, February 1932, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

8 Palmer T. Hudson report, January 1924, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

9 Photographs #1213 and 1225 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

10 Wissler to Morris, December 3, 1923 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

11 Wissler to Morris, December 3, 1923; Wissler to George H. Sherwood, January 21, 1924 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

12 Abrams to Wissler, December 15, 1923; Wissler to Abrams, December 20, 1923 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

13 Morris to Frank Pinkley, December 8, 1923 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

14 Wissler to Abrams, December 29, 1923 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

15 Morris to Pinkley, December 2, 1924 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

16 Earl H. Morris, Archaeological Report to the National Park Service, 1924 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

17 Wissler to Morris, September 10, 1924 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

18 Morris to Oley Owens, December 16, 1924 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

19 Ibid.

20 Earl H. Morris, Statement of Expenditures, 1925 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

21 Owens to Wissler, January 12, 1925 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

22 Morris to Wissler, July 25, 1925 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

23 Earl H. Morris, Archaeological Excavation Report and Catalogue of Specimens, 1925 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

24 Collection Accession file, Accession 8, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico.

25 Andrieus A. Jones to Mather, December 2, 1926 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

26 Morris to Pinkley, September 23, 1926; Pinkley to Morris, October 2, 1926; Wissler to Cammerer, n.d.; Morris, Memorandum to whom it may concern, November 25, 1926 ((Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

27 Cammerer to Morris, December 22, 1926; Cammerer to Sherwood, December 24, 1926 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

28 Morris to Cammerer, December 23, 1926 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

29 Cammerer to Morris, January 5, 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

30 Pinkley to Mather, December 12, 1926 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

31 Paul Fassel to Pinkley, January 21, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

32 Morris to Fassel, May 18, 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

33 George E. Scott to Morris, March 19, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

34 Arthur Demaray to Morris, April 15, 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

35 John Morrow to Mather, April 11, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

36 Demaray to Morrow, April 13, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

37 Morris to Fassel, May 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

38 Cammerer to Pinkley, March 24, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

39 Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, December 1927, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

40 Morris to Wissler, April 11 and November, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

41 Wissler to Sherwood, September 15, 1926 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

42 Photograph #336 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

43 Photograph #864 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

44 Morris to Wissler, July 27, 1928 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder); Jesse Nusbaum to Cammerer, July 27, 1929 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

45 Statement for Management, Aztec Ruins National Monument (Santa Fe: Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service, August 1985), 9.

46 Morris to Boyd Abrams, December 24, 1925, and January 4, 1926; Morris to Pliny Earle Goddard, January 4, 1926 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

47 Morris to Mrs. H.B. Sammons, December 24, 1925, and January 4, 1926 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

48 Wissler to Morris, January 18, 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

49 Henry Fairfield Osborn to Mather, March 7, 1927 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

50 Wissler to Morris, October 7 and November 1, 1927; Morris to Mrs. H.B. Sammons, November 25, 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

51 Proc. No. 1840 (45 Stat. 2954); Appendix A.

52 Wissler to Abrams, April 10, 1916, and January 15, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

53 Earl H. Morris, Field Catalogue (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York; Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

54 Morris to Wissler, September 29, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

55 Wissler to Morris, October 4, 1917 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

56 Morris, Field Catalogue (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York; Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

57 Earl H. Morris, "The Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 1 (1919): 7-108.

58 Earl H. Morris, List of Abrams Collection, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

59 Wissler to Abrams, January 19, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

60 Morris to Wissler, April 29, 1920, and January 22, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

61 Proposed Abrams deed, item f, February 17, 1920 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

62 Abrams to Wissler, February 6, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

63 Morris to Wissler, n.d. 1920, December 29, 1921, and April 11, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

64 Morris to Wissler, May 1, 1922 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

65 Aztec Independent, July 23, 1930.

66 Abrams to Cammerer, January 31, 1923 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

67 Wissler to Morris, October 29, 1923; Wissler to Abrams, November 14, 1923 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

68 Wissler to Morris, September 10 and September 23, 1924 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder; Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

69 Wissler to Abrams, April 22, 1925 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

70 Morris to Pinkley, November 26, 1926 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

71 Morris to Wissler, November 26, 1926 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

72 Morris to Pinkley, September 23, 1926 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

73 Morris, memorandum, November 1926 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

74 Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, June, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Unnumbered, undated map, Aztec Ruins National Monument (Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

75 Demaray to Pinkley, June 18, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

76 Morris to Wissler, July 27, 1927 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

77 Wissler to Horace M. Albright, March 31, 1931 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Accession 1 (Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico). Present Aztec Ruins National Monument collections records list 261 items presented as a loan from the American Museum of Natural History on November 11, 1927; Agreement Concerning Archaeological Specimens from the Aztec Ruin, Loaned by the American Museum of Natural History to the National Park Service. Of these specimens, only 253 now remain at Aztec or at the Western Archeological and Conservation Center, Tucson. Another 24 specimens in the accession are missing, making the actual total 277.

78 George L. Boundey to Nusbaum, May 5, 1928 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

79 Accession 4 (Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

80 Accession 2 (Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

81 Wissler to Rosa Abrams, October 3, 1928 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

82 Ibid., Wissler to Morris, October 3, 1928 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

83 Bella Weitzner to Morris, May 2 and May 10, 1929 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

84 Collection Management Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1980, 12.

85 Unnumbered, undated map, Aztec Ruins National Monument (Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

86 Photographs #72 and 73 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

87 Boundey report, November 1927, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

88 Ibid., December 1927 and January 1928.

89 Boundey to Nusbaum, May 5, 1928 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

90 For example, photographs #211, 222, 231, 236, 729, 773-75 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

91 Earl H. Morris, room notes, n.d. (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York). Gloria Fenner, curator at the Western Archeological and Conservation Center, Tucson, on a notation of Aztec Ruins catalogue records, February 16, 1983, suggests that a two-part numbering system on Boundey's accessions indicate room number followed by sequential object number. A hasty tabulation against a ruin map seems to confirm this idea, but, because room numbers in this part of the house block were changed by later workers, there remains some uncertainty about particular designations.

92 Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, April 28, 1928 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

93 Earl H. Morris, "Notes on Excavations in the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 5 (1928): 375, 370, 363.

94 Ibid., 412-13.

95 Boundey to Nusbaum, May 5 and July 2, 1928 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

96 Nusbaum to Director, National Park Service, May 4, 1928 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

97 Boundey report, March 1929, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

98 Ibid., August 1928.

99 Pinkley to Mather, April 22, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

100 Boundey report, April 1928, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Aztec Independent, May 1, 1928.

101 Boundey report, November 1928, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

102 San Juan Review, June 29, 1928.

103 John J. Herring to Custodian, Aztec Ruins National Monument, October 8, 1927; Boundey to Herring, October 22, 1927 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

104 Morris to Nusbaum, November 8, 1928 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Boundey report, January 1929, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

105 Photograph #4252 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

106 Johnwill Faris reports, May and October 1930, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

107 The Farmers Ditch Company was established to assure irrigating 1082.4 acres with 27.06 cubic feet of water per second. In 1907, a Jones extension added 200.6 acres to be watered by 5.01 cubic feet per second. Wissler to Albright, December 19, 1929 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Irving D. Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 1, 1945 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

108 Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, June 26, 1930 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

109 Demaray to Faris, February 23, 1931 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

110 Albright to Madison Grant, October 24, 1930 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

111 Albright to Wissler, January 21, 1930 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Hillory A. Tolson to Regional Director, National Park Service, January 13, 1945 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

112 Wissler to Sherwood, September 15, 1926; Wissler to Albright, December 19, 1929; Wissler to Morris, September 13, 1930 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

113 Together, Tracts 3 and 4 carried entitlement to water sufficient to irrigate 4.6 acres of land. Weitzner to Morris, November 21, 1930 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 1, 1945 (Document files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

114l Proc. No. 1928 (46 Stat. 3040); Appendix A.

115 Morris to Wissler, October 27, 1929 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

116 Faris to Director, National Park Service, June 20, 1933; Albright to Secretary, Department of the Interior, June 26, 1933: Faris to Director, National Park Service, April 12, 1934 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

117 Albright to Faris, January 4, 1930; Faris to Albright, December 25, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

118 Morris to Wissler, September 7, 1930 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Albright to Morris, November 8, 1930 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

119 Morris to Albright, November 12, 1930 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

120 Pinkley to Thomas Vint, December 29, 1930 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

121 Faris to Pinkley, April 29, 1934, citing permit I-20p-286 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Morris to Director, National Park Service, October 13, 1931; Pinkley to Faris, April 29, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

122 Albright to Sam G. Bratton, January 23, 1930 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

123 Faris reports, January and June 1931, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

124 Albright to Vint, January 10, 1931 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Morris to Wissler, September 7, 1930 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

125 Faris report, January 1931, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

126 Ibid.

127 Photographs #435-37 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

128 Faris to Director, National Park Service, February 1, 1931 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

129 In a Six Year Development Program, September 14, 1931, Custodian Faris lists 1929 visitation figures at 17,425. He estimated that the 1932 visitation would be about 15,500. This estimate was contingent on the economy rebounding. (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

130 Faris reports, November 1929 and July 1931, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

131 Wissler to Albright, November 31, 1931 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

132 Faris to Pinkley, January 1931, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

133l Wissler to Sherwood, November 3, 1930 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

134 Wissler to Morris, February 20, 1931 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

135 Morris to Wissler, March 31, 1931 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

136 Morris to Wissler, March 31, 1931 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York); List of specimens not forwarded to the American Museum of Natural History, compiled by Morris, undated (Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

137 Nusbaum to H.C. Bryant, March 3, 1931 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

1 Johnwill Faris report, January 1931. Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

2 A Six Year Development Program, Aztec Ruins National Monument, prepared by Faris, September 14, 1931 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

3 President, Aztec Chamber of Commerce, to Senator Dennis Chaves, February 11, 1931; George Bowra to Senator Bronson Cutting, February 17, 1931 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Appendix I.

4 Conrad Wirth to Faris, August 30, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

5 Farmington Times Hustler, July 7, 1933.

6 Frank Pinkley to Faris, June 24, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

7 F.M. Burt to Director, National Park Service, September 7, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

8 Hillory A. Tolson to Burt, September 7, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

9 Ibid.

10 Burt to Director, National Park Service, September 13, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

11 Faris to Earl H. Morris, November 3, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

12 Faris to Harold L. Ickes, November 1, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

13 Ickes to Faris, November 13, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Allotment Advice No. 1129, Southwest Monuments, F.P. 503, Repairs to Ruins, November 20, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

14 Farmington Times Hustler, November 10, 1933.

15 Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, November 21, 1933; Arthur Demaray to Pinkley, November 21, 1933: Demaray to Faris, November 21, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

16 Faris to Tolson, November 22, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

17 Tolson to Faris, November 22, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

18 Faris to Director, National Park Service, April 27, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

19 Faris to Frank A. Kittredge, November 26, 1933 (Document files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

20 Faris and Pinkley reports, December 1933, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

21 Faris to Director, National Park Service, April 27, 1934; CWA Project No. 1, Barn Removal (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

22 Photographs #854-57, 859, 862-63; Faris to Director, National Park Service, April 27, 1934; CWA Project No. 2, Fencing Monument (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

23 Photographs #840-45 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

24 Charles A. Richey to Pinkley, December 30, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Photographs #865-74, 886-88, 895, 964-65, 970-72, 979-80, 986 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

25 Faris to Director, National Park Service, April 27, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

26 Morris to Faris, November 27, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

27 Faris to Morris, December 21, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

28 Faris to Robert Rose, December 21, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

29 Morris to Faris, November 27, 1933, and January 16, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

30 Morris to Jesse Nusbaum, November 27, 1933 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe); J.B. Hamilton, Final Construction Report on Repairs to Ruins, F.P. 503.14, May 31, 1935; Nusbaum to Faris, November 24, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

31 Morris to Faris, November 27, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

32 Photograph #925 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

33 Photograph #666 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

34 Morris to Faris, December 1, 1933 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

35 Oscar Tatman report, December 1933, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Photographs #963, 987 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

36 Faris to Morris, December 21, 1933; Morris to Faris, January 6, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

37 Faris to Director, National Park Service, April 27, 1934; CWA Project No. 4, General Cleanup (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

38 Faris to Rose, December 20, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

39 The numbering of units after Room 180 is confused because work done after that of Morris sometimes duplicated his numbers or those assigned later, transposed numbers in a given set, or omitted numbers altogether. John M. Corbett to John T. Turney, August 19, 1960; Albert H. Schroeder to Supervisory Archeologist, Southwest Archeological Center, September 30, 1960; Roland Richert to Schroeder, October 13, 1960; Schroeder to Richert, October 18, 1960 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico; Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe). Whenever possible, the Metzger numbering system of 1988 has been used in this text. Todd R. Metzger, Structure Numbering System at West Ruin, Aztec, New Mexico (Santa Fe: Southwest Cultural Resource Center, National Park Service, 1988).

40 Morris, folder 232, miscellaneous notes, n.d, (ca. 1934) (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

41 Faris, report for CWA Project 20003-A, Archeological Reconnaissance, March 16, 1934 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington; Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

42 Ibid.

43 Morris to Clark Wissler, May 3, 1921; Morris, kiva notes, n.d. (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

44 Nusbaum to Arno B. Cammerer, April 21, 1934 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

45 Morris, kiva notes, n.d. (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder; Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

46 Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, April 15, 1935; Director, National Park Service to Pinkley, July 1, 1935 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

47 Morris to Rose, January 6, 1934 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

48 Hamilton, Report on Preservation of Aztec Ruins and Roofing the Kiva, February 11, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

49 Morris to Pinkley, August 5, 1925 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

50 Morris to Rose, January 6, 1934 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

51 Hamilton, Report on Preservation, February 11, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

52 Faris to Morris, November 24, 1933 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

53 Faris report, March 1934, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

54 PWA F.P. 503, Drain Ditch, Aztec Ruins National Monument (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

55 Morris to Al Lancaster, November 19, 1945 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

56 Photograph #943 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

57 Faris to Morris, November 24, 1933 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

58 Photograph #97 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

59 Faris report, May 1934, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

60 Morris, folder 232, miscellaneous notes, n.d. (ca. 1934) (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

61 Hamilton, Final Construction Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, May 31, 1935; Kittredge to Director, National Park Service, June 13, 1936 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

62 Faris to Pinkley, June 3, 1936 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

63 Kittredge to Director, National Park Service, May 4, 1934 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

64 Morris to Demaray, May 24, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

65 Faris to Pinkley, May 30, 1934; Demaray to Faris, May 23 and June 9, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

66 Demaray to Tolson, May 12, 1934 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

67 Demaray to Morris, July 14, 1934 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

68 Faris to Pinkley, August 9, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

69 Lancaster, field notes, Mesa Verde, June 12, 1934 (Mesa Verde Research Center, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado).

70 Morris to Wissler, December 15, 1924 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

71 Photographs #989-90 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico); Hamilton, Report on Preservation, February 11, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

72 Earl H. Morris, "The House of the Great Kiva at the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 2 (1921): 109-38.

73 Morris to Cammerer, August 12, 1933 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder; National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

74 Cammerer to John C. Merriam, November 24, 1933; Merriam to Cammerer, November 25, 1933; Cammerer to Pinkley, December 13, 1933 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico); Cammerer to Morris, April 25, 1934 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder; National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

75 Morris to Nusbaum, April 29, 1934 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

76 For photographs and drawings of the Great Kiva reconstruction see Morris, "The House of the Great Kiva," Figures 2-3; Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister, Aztec Ruins on the Animas (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987) Figures 59-79.

77 Morris, Great Kiva restoration report, n.d. (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder; Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

78 Jonathan Reyman to D.F. Huggins, June 13, 1972 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

79 Faris report, June 1934, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

80 Morris, ca. 1953: personal communication.

81 Faris report, March 1936, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

82 Irving D. Townsend measured them at 18 feet, the height from floor to roof being 19 feet 8 inches. Townsend to Erna Fergusson, July 16, 1949 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

83 Morris to A.V. Kidder, July 13, 1934 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

84 A tree-ring sample list compiled by David Breternitz and sent to John M. Corbett by Bryant Bannister, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, on October 4, 1960, erroneously states, "There are presently no dated specimens from the Great Kiva at Aztec." (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

85 Morris to John C. Merriam, August 1, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

86 Demaray to Ickes, August 10, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

87 Demaray to Morris, July 14, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

88 Faris to Ickes, August 13, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

89 Morris to Kidder, August 20, 1934 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

90 Tolson to Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, August 24, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

91 Demaray to Kidder, September 12, 1934; Faris to Hugh M. Miller, September 15, 1934; Tolson to Faris, September 18, 1934; Tolson to Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, September 21, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

92 Faris to Director, National Park Service, October 15, 1934; Tolson to Faris, October 16, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

93 Formula for red colorant used in the Great Kiva restoration was: to each sack of approximately 100 pounds of white Atlas cement, add 9 buckets of reddish sand, 8 pounds of hydrated lime, 2 pounds of mineral red mortar color, 2 pounds of burned umber, 1 pound of Vandyke brown, and 2 1/2 pounds of raw sienna (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

94 Faris to Kittredge, September 3, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

95 A financial audit dated December 31, 1961, by auditor-in-charge Robert A. Browne placed the cost at $12,450.76. (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

96 Thomas C. Miller report, April 1938, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

97 Preliminary Sketch for Administration and Museum Building, Aztec Ruins National Monument, November 29, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

98 This figure implies continued use of articles loaned or donated by private collectors, as well as those loaned by the American Museum of Natural History.

99 Faris report, May 1933, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

100 C.P. Russell to Rose, May 17, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

101 Morris, folder 232, miscellaneous notes, n.d. (ca. 1934) (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder); Faris report, February 1934, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

102 Construction drawing No. 319/80,005 (Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico); Preliminary Sketch of Administration and Museum Building, Aztec Ruins National Monument, November 29, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

103 Contract for Construction. R.P. No. 319.14, Office of Chief Architect, Board of Plans and Design; Statement and Certificate of Award, August 3, 1934 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

104 Faris to Pinkley, September 4, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

105 Photograph #333 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

106 Morris, folder 232, miscellaneous notes, n.d. (ca. 1934) (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

107 Faris to Pinkley, September 4, 1934 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

108 Unsigned, undated report (ca. 1924) (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

109 Faris report, November 1934, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

110 Tolson to Faris, January 5, 1935 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

111 Rose to Faris, February 28, 1936 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

112 Suggested museum layouts, executed by Robert Hart and Johnwill Faris, to Pinkley, May 21, 1936 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

113 Ansel F. Hall to Faris, August 3, 1936 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

114 Faris to Pinkley, May 21, 1936 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

115 See Master Plan Drawing NM AZT 4039, January 1, 1936, for floor plan prior to installation of connecting doorway (Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

116 Pinkley to Faris, March 31, 1936 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

117 Berkeley Exhibit Plan, Project No. 1000, 1934 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

118 Louis Shellbach to Nusbaum, November 9, 1934 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

119 Morris to Shellbach, December 19, 1935 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

120 Temporary Museum Layout, May 21, 1936 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

121 Faris report, April 1935, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

122 Ibid., August 1935.

123 Emergency Work Plans, Aztec Ruins National Monument, May 31, 1935 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

124 Assistant Director, National Park Service, to Pinkley, July 31, 1935 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

125 Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, May 31, 1935 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

126 Townsend report, June 1949, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Santa Fe.

127 Homer Hastings report, October 1956, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Globe, Arizona.

128 Photograph #885 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

1 Homer Hastings, October 1989; personal communication.

2 Frank Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, August 19, 1935 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

3 T.C. Miller report, October 1937, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

4 Pinkley report, December 1937, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

5 Park Ranger Job Description, Aztec Ruins National Monument, April 1938 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

6 Park Ranger Job Description, Aztec Ruins National Monument, January, 1939 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

7 Miller report, December 1936. Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

8 Director, National Park Service, to Miller, November 25, 1936; Miller to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 22 and April 30, 1937 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

9 Dale S. King, Inspection Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, October 7, 1941 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

10 A. van V. Dunn, Aztec Ruins National Monument Farmers Ditch Analysis, May 13, 1944; Dunn to Director, National Park Service, April 25 and May 13, 1944 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

11 Pinkley to Dorr G. Yeager, March 6, 1937 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

12 Miller to Hugh M. Miller, March 1, 1937 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

13 Estimated Museum Equipment Costs, n.d. (ca. 1937) (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

14 New Exhibits at Aztec Ruins National Monument, September 10, 1937 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

15 Miller report, September 1938, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Southwest Monuments Circular, March 1942, Coolidge, Arizona.

16 King, Inspection Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, to Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, December 9, 1940 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Resources Management Plan for Aztec Ruins National Monument, September 1976, p. 59, lists 91 Howe items at Aztec Ruins National Monument and 27 Howe items in Santa Fe.

17 Hugh M. Miller, Report on Inspection, Aztec Ruins National Monument, September 15, 1940 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

18 Miller report, February 1937, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

19 Charlie R. Steen, Excavation of Two Rooms in the Northwest Corner of the Aztec Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, November-December 1938 (Manuscript on file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico; Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

20 Miller report, July 1940, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

21 List of tree-ring samples provided John M. Corbett by Bryant Bannister, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, October 4, 1960 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

22 Harold S. Gladwin to Miller, January 23, 1941 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

23 Miller report, January 1937, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

24 Miller report, May 1937, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

25 New Mexico Sentinel, March 1, 1939.

26 George Bowra to Director, National Park Service, January 30, 1940 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

27 Hugh M. Miller to T.C. Miller, November 20, 1940; Demaray to Secretary of the Interior, June 25, 1942 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

1 Erik K. Reed to Harold S. Gladwin, October 17, 1946 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

2 Earl H. Morris to Reed, November 12, 1946 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

3 Dale S. King to Dean Kirk, November 13, 1946; Irving D. Townsend to Kirk, November 14, 1946; Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, December 13, 1946; King to Farmington Lions Club, February 19, 1947 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

4 Reed to Morris, October 28, 1946 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder); King to Minor R. Tillotson, November 18, 1946 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe); Durango Herald Democrat, January 27, 1949.

5 Proc. No. 2787 (63 Stat. 1513); Appendix A.

6 Morris to Reed, November 12, 1946 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

7 Reed to Morris, October 28, 1946 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

8 Reed to Gladwin, October 17, 1946 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

9 Travel Reports (Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico); Appendix K.

10 For full description see R. Gordon Vivian, The Hubbard Site and other Tri-wall Structures in New Mexico and Colorado, Archeological Research Series No. 5 (Washington: National Park Service, 1959).

11 Stephen H. Lekson, Dating the Hubbard Triwall and other Triwall Structures, 1982 (Manuscript on file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

12 Jonathan E. Reyman to D.F. Huggins, June 13, 1973 (Manuscript on file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

13 Lekson, Dating the Hubbard Triwall, 1982; Robert P. Powers, William B. Gillespie, and Stephen H. Lekson, The Outlier Survey (Albuquerque: National Park Service, Division of Cultural Research, 1983): 154-56.

14 Vivian, Hubbard Site, 85.

15 John R. Stein and Peter J. McKenna, An Archeological Reconnaissance of a Late Bonito Phase Occupation near Aztec Ruins National Monument (Santa Fe: Southwest Cultural Resources Center, 1988): 68-69, Figure 10.

16 Chief, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, to Associate Regional Director, National Park Service, July 29, 1982 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

17 R. Gordon Vivian, Limited Stabilization of the East Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1949 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

18 Roland Richert, East Ruin, Combined Excavation-Stabilization by the National Park Service in 1957, January 10, 1961; personal communication.

19 Peter J. McKenna, Stabilization Observations at the Aztec Ruins: Prospective for the Superintendent, Division of Anthropology, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, 1989.

20 McKenna, November 1989: personal communication.

1 John Ise, Our National Park Policy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1961), 352.

2 Photograph #338 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

3 Master Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1964.

4 Drawing 2101-a (Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

5 Homer Hastings report, July 1935, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Prospectus, MISSION 66, Aztec Ruins National Monument (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

6 Robert M. Coates to Regional Director, National Park Service, September 23, 1957 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

7 Invitation for Bids, Aztec Ruins National Monument, May 21, 1958, issued by Western Office, Division of Design and Construction (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

8 Drawing NM AR 10,700A, west half, October 1956; Photograph #501 (Map file, Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

9 Museum Prospectus, Aztec Ruins National Monument, March 1957 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico); Myron Sutton to Hastings, November 27, 1957; Hastings to Regional Director, National Park Service, December 7, 1957 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

10 Information and Interpretive Services, Report 10A2, 1959 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

11 John W. Jenkins to Director, National Park Service, September 23, 1960; John F. Turney to Regional Director, National Park Service, June 20, 1961 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico). For views of the exhibits prior to revision see photographs #615-22, 1203, 1217-20 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

12 John M. Corbett to Turney, August 19, 1960; Albert H. Schroeder to Supervisory Archeologist, Southwest Archeological Center, September 30, 1960; Roland Richert to Superintendent, Aztec Ruins National Monument, October 25, 1960 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

13 Turney report, July 1960, Monthly Narrative Report, Southwest Region, National Park Service, Santa Fe; James C. Maxon, Excavation of a Mound, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1960; Photographs #146-53, 171, 173, 797-98, 1192 (Manuscript on file, Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

14 Turney report, October 1961, Monthly Narrative Report, Southwest Region, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

15 Superintendent's Annual Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1962, and Information and Interpretive Services, Report 10A2, 1963, state that exhibits were finished earlier, but this information is contradicted by Information and Interpretive Services, Report 10A2, 1965 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

16 Hastings to General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, January 9, 1956 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

17 R. Gordon Vivian to Agnes Kewanwytewa, September 5, 1960 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

18 Jenkins to Regional Director, National Park Service, January 15, 1964 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

19 Information and Interpretive Services, Report 10A2, 1964 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

20 Inventory of Collections Pertaining to the Southwest Archeological Center, Aztec Ruins National Monument, February 1961, revised June 1963 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

21 Photograph #594 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

22 Hastings to General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, July 13, 1954 (Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

23 Ibid.

24 Hastings to Rosa Abrams, April 29, 1955; List of Returned Abrams Specimens, May 1955, signed by D.B. Abrams (Collections Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

25 Gloria J. Fenner to Dana Howlett, February 3, 1980, lists the following specimen shipments from Aztec Ruins National Monument received at the Southwest Archeological Center, Globe, Arizona: October 13, 1953; October 10, 1954; April 24, 1955; January 9, 1956; October 1956; between October 1957 and May 1959; September 21, 1959; June 8, 1962; between summer 1961 and March 21, 1962; September 3, 1965; and between September 15, 1965 and November 24, 1965. Ultimately between 1,700 and 1,800 specimens of a total of 3,555 to more than 4,200 items were moved to the Southwest Archeological Center. Exact figures of the total number of specimens, however, differ. Statement for Management, 1985; Collection Management Plan, 1980; Resources Management Plan, September 1987, all prepared for Aztec Ruins National Monument.

26 Exact figures differ. See Resources Management Plan, September 1987; Collection Management Plan, 1980; Statement for Management, 1985. (Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

27 Clark Wissler to Earl H. Morris, February 20, 1931 (Aztec Ruins file, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

28 Photographs #1212, 1234 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

29 List of Irreplaceable or Unusually Valuable Artifacts at Aztec Ruins National Monument, July 13, 1941 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

30 Morris to Wissler, March 31, 1931 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

31 Hastings to General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, May 2, 1956 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

32 Master Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1964; Inventory of Collections Pertaining to the Southwest Archeological Center, Aztec Ruins National Monument, February 1961, revised June 1963 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

33 Turney reports, May and June 1960; June and July 1961, Monthly Reports, Southwest Region, National Park Service, Santa Fe; Charlie R. Steen to Superintendent, Aztec Ruins National Monument, March 19, 1959; Photographs #159-62, 168-71 (Document file, Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

34 Mollie S. Toll, Macrobotanical Material from Aztec Ruins National Monument, Appendix C, 1-9, in Susan E. Bearden and Ronald G. Hefner, Aztec Ruins National Monument Cataloging and Analysis Report, Submitted for Contract No. PX-7029-7-0678, May 1988.

35 Maxon, Excavation of a Mound, 1960.

36 Earl H. Morris, "Notes on the Excavation in the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 5 (1928): 414.

37 Lyndon L. Hargrave and D.N. Dodgen, Bird Bone Artifacts from the West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1962 (Manuscript on file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

38 Lyndon L. Hargrave, Report on a Microscopic Study of Feathers from Aztec Pueblo, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1960 (Manuscript on file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

39 Lyndon L. Hargrave, "Identification of Feather Fragments by Microstudies," American Antiquity 31, no. 2, pt. 2 (1965): 204-205.

40 See R. Gordon Vivian, The Hubbard Site and Other Tri-Wall Structures in New Mexico and Colorado, Archeological Research Series 5 (Washington: National Park Service, 1959).

41 Reed to General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, September 14, 1953 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

42 Morris to Dale S. King, September 26, 1953 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

43 King to General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, July 7, 1954; Luis A. Gastellum to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 8, 1954; Vivian to General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, July 13, 1954; General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, to Hastings, July 25, 1954 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe); Albert H. Schroeder, "Themes of Environmental Adaptation and Response in Southwestern National Park System Areas," Southwestern Lore 33, no. 2 (1967): 37-46.

44 John M. Davis to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 20, 1954 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington); Hastings report, September 1954, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Globe, Arizona.

45 Frank Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, December 26, 1935 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

46 Drawing NM AZT 2302, July 1966, shows 12 signs or trailside exhibits within the West Ruin; Photographs #536-38 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

47 Jack R. Williams to Regional Director, National Park Service, September 30, 1963 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

48 John M. Corbett, Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico, Historical Handbook Series, No. 36 (Washington: National Park Service, 1963).

49 King to Hastings, July 16, 1954; Hastings to General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, September 2, 1954 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

50 Working Drawing of Visitor Center Additions and Improvements, June 1958; Individual Building Data, compiled by John F. Turney, April 15, 1961 (Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

51 Hastings to Chief, Western Office of Design and Construction, May 19, 1957; Harold A. March to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 11, 1957; Thomas C. Vint to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 20, 1957 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

52 George D. Smith to Chief, Western Office of Design and Construction, April 25, 1957; Working Drawing NM AR 2150 and Utility Systems, NM AZT 2302, May 1966 (Document file, Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

53 Turney report, August 1961, Monthly Narrative Report, Southwest Region, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

54 A. van V. Dunn, Analysis of Interest in the Farmer Ditch, Aztec Ruins National Monument, August 6, 1945; Dunn to Regional Director, National Park Service, June 27, 1958, suggested that 7.2 acre-feet of 2,346,127 gallons of water annually was the total amount to which Aztec Ruins National Monument was entitled because of the addition of the Hubbard Mound tract. This remains unconfirmed. Water Right Docket No. 1, State of New Mexico, County of San Juan, Case No. 01690; Photocopy of easement, May 27, 1958, from Lloyd A. and Annie Mae Hubbard; Drawing NM AR 7102; Master Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1961; Resources Management Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1976; Albert Henson to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 20, 1958; Resources Management Plan, 1981 (Water file, Document file, Map file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

55 T.C. Miller to Regional Director, National Park Service, Temporary Ruins Drainage, Aztec Ruins National Monument, Justification, December 14, 1943 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

56 Russell L. Mahan, Major Repair and Rehabilitation Program, Custodian Residence, Aztec Ruins National Monument, August 21, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

57 Irving D. Townsend report, June 1949, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Photographs #475-76, 1205-06 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

58 Photographs #455, 1207 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

59 Photographs #392-93 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

60 Asssistant Regional Director to Regional Director, National Park Service, May 8, 1964 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

61 Unnumbered blueprint, October 1935; Photograph #654; Turney to Chief, Western Office of Design and Construction, September 25, 1962 (Map file, Photogrpah file, Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

62 Master Plan Development Outline, prepared by Homer Hastings, 1956 (Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

63 Master Plan, NM AZT 4039, January 1, 1936, indicated two proposed residences west of building 8, all facing on to a common patio. Drawings NM AR 2100G, General Development, and NM AR 2101G, Roads and Trails, show proposed building 13 to the west of building 8, and buildings 11 and 12 to the north.

64 Working Drawing for Emergency Stabilization, Aztec Ruins National Monument, AR S192 (Document files, Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, Colorado).

65 Turney reports, July 1960; May, June, July, and August 1961, Monthly Narrative Report, Southwest Region, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

66 Ibid., January and August 1961.

67 Ibid., December 1961; Superintendent, Aztec Ruins National Monument, to Regional Director, National Park Service, April 13, 1962; Jack R. Williams to Regional Director, National Park Service, January 28, 1965 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

68 Master Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1961 (Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

69 Drawing NM AZT 2031E; Photographs #476-79 (Map file, Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

70 Master Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, September 14, 1964 (Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

71 Turney to Chief, Western Office of Design and Construction, October 24, 1960; Charles B. Krueger to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 28, 1961; Thomas J. Allen to Director, National Park Service, May 24, 1961; Krueger to Assistant Director, Western Office of Design and Construction, March 27, 1963 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

72 Williams to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 15, 1963 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

73 Ibid.

1 George W. Sanders to David J. Jones, October 5, 1962; Daniel M. Beard to Director, National Park Service, March 12, 1965 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

2 Statement for Management, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1985.

3 Photographs #1108-1109 (Photograph file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

4 Resources Management Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1976, p. 11, Division of Natural Resources Management, Southwest Region, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

5 Master Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1964.

6 Superintendent's Annual Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1985, Southwest Region, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

7 Statement for Management, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1985.

8 Historic Listing of National Park Service Officials, (Washington: Department of the Interior, 1986), 115, 121.

9 Superintendent's Annual Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1984.

10 Revenue and Expenditure Control Act, P.L. 90-364, June 28, 1968.

11 National Register of Historic Places (Washington: Office of Archeological and Historic Preservation, National Park Service, 1972), 314.

12 Superintendent's Annual Narrative Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1988.

13 Robert P. Powers, William B. Gillespie, and Stephen H. Lekson, The Outlier Survey, a Regional View of Settlement in the San Juan Basin (Albuquerque: Division of Cultural Research, National Park Service, 1983), 135-37.

14 John R. Stein and Peter J. McKenna, An Archeological Reconnaissance of a Late Bonito Phase Occupation near Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico (Santa Fe: Division of Anthropology, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, National Park Service, 1988).

15 Peter J. McKenna, Stabilization Observations at the Aztec Ruins: Prospective for the Superintendent (Division of Anthropology, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, National Park Service, 1989), Appendix C.

16 Ibid.

17 Erik K. Reed to General Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, September 14, 1953 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe); Peter J. McKenna, Late Bonito Phase Developments at the Aztec Ruins, New Mexico, Paper presented at 53rd Annual Meeting, Society for American Archaeology, 1989.

18 Superintendent's Annual Narrative Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1988.

19 General Management Plan, Development Concept Plan, Environmental Assessment, Aztec Ruins National Monument, Draft, August 1988; Finding of no Significant Impact, October 12, 1989.

20 Public Law 100-225, December 31, 1987, 100th Congress, 101 Stat. 1539; Questions and Answers: The Masau Trail, Southwest Region, Santa Fe.

1 Earl H. Morris, "Discoveries at the Aztec Ruin," American Museum Journal 17, no. 3 (1917): 169-80; "Further Discoveries at the Aztec Ruin," American Museum Journal 18, no. 7 (1918): 602-10; "The Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 1 (1919): 7-108; "Notes on Excavations in the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 5 (1928): 268-420.

2 Morris to Frank Pinkley, October 18, 1924 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

3 Roland Richert to R. Gordon Vivian, for Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister, January 10, 1961: personal communication.

4 Morris to Nels C. Nelson, June 8, 1917 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

5 Ibid.; Morris to Clark Wissler, September 3, 1916 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

6 Earl H. Morris, "Further Discoveries," 602-03.

7 Morris to Wissler, February 18 and November 21, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

8 Morris to Wissler, October 1, 1920 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

9 Morris to Wissler, December 29, 1921 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

10 Morris to Wissler, September 17, 1924 and July 25, 1925 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

11 F.M. Goodwin to Wissler, March 10, 1923 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

12 Morris to Pinkley, October 16, 1924 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

13 Pinkley to Stephen T. Mather, October 18, 1924 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

14 Morris to Wissler, December 15, 1924 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

15 Morris to Oley Owens, December 16, 1924 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

16 Morris to Pinkley, October 21, 1925 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

17 George L. Boundey report, April 1928, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

18 Ibid., April and September 1928; Boundey to Pinkley, February 24, 1928 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

19 Pinkley to Director, National Park Service, April 13, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

20 Appendix I. The figure cited as the American Museum of Natural History investment in excavation of the Aztec Ruin is incorrect (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

21 J.B. Hamilton, Report on Preservation of Ruins and Roofing of Kiva, February 11, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

22 Ibid.; Hamilton to Branch of Engineering, November 22, 1933, lists drawings as NM/AZT 4936, NM/AZT 4937, and NM/ 4938. They have not been located.

23 Hamilton to Frank A. Kittredge, December 4, 1933 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

24 Hamilton, Preservation of Ruins, February 11, 1933 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

25 Johnwill Faris to Charles A. Richey, November 11, 1933; Hamilton to Branch of Engineering, November 22, 1933; Faris to Thomas Vint, December 1, 1933 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

26 Hamilton to O.H. Cox, November 22, 1933; Hamilton to Faris, November 22, 1933; Faris to Cox, November 22, 1933 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

27 A water quality test done in 1979 from the Aztec Ruins well used from 1931 to 1958 seems to contradict this report, calling the water fresh but with low parts per million of alkali, chlorides, and sulfates. Paul K. Christensen, Aztec Ruins Water Investigations, Water Resources Report, No. 80-2, 1979 (Document file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

28 National Bureau of Standards to Faris, December 14, 1933 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

29 Hamilton to Kittredge, December 4, 1933 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

30 W.J. Ashley, Concrete Specifications for Protective Cap, Ruin Walls, Aztec Ruins National Monument, January 27, 1934 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

31 Faris reports, February and April 1934, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Roland Richert, Stabilization report, West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1953 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

32 Jesse Nusbaum to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 14, 1944 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe); Faris to Pinkley, May 21, 1934 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

33 Hamilton, Final Construction Report on Repairs to Ruins, May 31, 1935 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

34 Kittredge to Hamilton, April 25, May 11, and October 18, 1934; Pinkley to Kittredge, May 10, 1934; Kittredge to Pinkley, May 16, 1934 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

35 Pinkley to Kittredge, May 10, 1934; Kittredge to Pinkley, May 16, 1934 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

36 Pinkley to Faris, Pictures and Descriptions of the Aztec Ruins National Monument, to be used in the Six-Year Program and Repairs to Ruins, November 4, 1933 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

37 Morris to Director, National Park Service, December 28, 1934 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

38 Faris to Pinkley, July 22, 1935; Pinkley to Faris, August 4 and October 29, 1935; A.W. Burney to Hamilton, August 19, 1935; Hamilton to Branch of Engineering, August 8, 1935 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

39 Faris to Pinkley, November 3, 1935 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

40 Burney to Pinkley, December 19, 1935, and January 9, 1936 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

41 Kittredge to Director, National Park Service, June 13, 1935 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

42 Hugh M. Miller to Faris, February 21, 1936 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

43 Faris to Pinkley, March 1, 1936 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

44 Burney to Faris, March 23, 1936 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

45 Faris to Pinkley, June 3, 1936 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

46 Faris to Pinkley, September 2, 1936 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

47 T.C. Miller to Hugh M. Miller, April 2, 1937 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

48 Faris report, September 1936, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Kittredge to Hamilton, September 8, 1936; Faris to Hamilton, September 26, 1936 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

49 T.C. Miller report, February 1937, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

50 Hamilton, conference memorandum, February 19, 1934 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

51 Charlie R. Steen to T.C. Miller, February 23, 1937 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

52 T.C. Miller report, March 1937, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

53 Ibid., July 1937.

54 Hamilton to Branch of Engineering, March 19, 1934 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

55 T.C. Miller report, February 1937, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Richert, Stabilization Report, West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1953; Stephen E. Adams, Scope of Work Statement, Protective Roofs, West Ruins, Aztec Ruins National Monument, March 20, 1978 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

56 T.C. Miller to Hugh M. Miller, April 2, 1937; Hamilton, Cost of Specific Jobs of Ruin Repair, 1937 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

57 Richert to Assistant Chief, Division of Archeology, April 27, 1970 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

58 Richert, Stabilization Report, West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1953 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

59 Ibid.

60 Ibid.

61 R. Gordon Vivian, West Ruin Stabilization, 1939 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

62 Vivian, CCC Mobile Unit Record Sheets, July 1939 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

63 Pinkley to Regional Director, National Park Service, August 18, 1939 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

64 Todd R. Metzger, Structure Numbering System at West Ruin, Aztec, New Mexico, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, National Park Service, Santa Fe, 1988.

65 Nusbaum to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 14, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

66 T.C. Miller report, March 1940, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

67 Dale S. King to T.C. Miller, April 6, 1940; T.C. Miller to Hugh M. Miller, May 16, 1940 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

68 T.C. Miller to Hugh M. Miller, November 18, 1940 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

69 T.C. Miller to Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, December 15, 1940 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

70 T.C. Miller to Hugh M. Miller, January 10, 1941 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

71 Ed Albert report, February 1941, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

72 King to T.C. Miller, April 29, 1942 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

73 Richey to Custodian, Aztec Ruins National Monument, May 15, 1942 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

74 T.C. Miller to Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, June 12, 1943 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

75 Aztec Ruins National Monument Custodian to Superintendent, Southwest Monuments, August 12, 1943; T.C. Miller, Great Kiva Roof Repair, 1943 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

76 Nusbaum to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 14, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

77 Richey, memorandum for files, December 15, 1943 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

78 Nusbaum to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 14, 1944; Jack R. Williams to Regional Director, National Park Service, January 28, 1965 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

79 Nusbaum to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 14, 1944 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

80 T.C. Miller to Regional Director, National Park Service, December 14, 1943 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

81 Hillory A. Tolson to Regional Director, National Park Service, April 1, 1944; Richey to Acting Custodian, Aztec Ruins National Monument, April 8, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

82 Richey to Acting Custodian, Aztec Ruins National Monument, April 8, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

83 Russell L. Mahan to Regional Director, National Park Service, June 22, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

84 Ibid.

85 Irving D. Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, September 21, 1944 (Document files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

86 Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, October 17, 1944; Louis R. Caywood to Regional Director, National Park Service, October 30, 1944 (Document file, Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

87 Townsend reports, October and November 1944, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona; Caywood, Recommendations for Ruins Stabilization, Aztec Ruins National Monument, October 25, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

88 Richey to Mahan, July 11, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

89 Mahan to Regional Director, National Park Service, June 26, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

90 Mahan to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 12, 1944; Richey to Regional Director, National Park Service, August 16, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

91 J.R. Lassiter to Regional Director, National Park Service, October 26, 1944; Roy S. Decker to Joe B. Christy, October 26, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

92 Townsend report, January 1945, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

93 Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, December 12, 1945 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico); R. Gordon Vivian. The Hubbard Site and Other Tri-Wall Structures in New Mexico and Colorado, Archeological Research Series, No. 5 (Washington: National Park Service, 1959), Figure 11.

94 James A. Lancaster to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 14, 1945; Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 14, 1945 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

95 Townsend report, March 1945, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

96 Ibid., April and May 1945.

97 Lancaster, February 1989: personal communication.

98 Townsend reports, June-December 1945, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

99 Ibid., January-May 1946.

100 Tolson to Regional Director, National Park Service, December 4 and 12, 1944 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

101 Townsend report, July 1946, Southwest Monuments Monthly Report, Coolidge, Arizona.

102 Ibid., August-December 1946, January-September 1947.

103 [Vivian], Ruins Stabilization Report, April 2, 1948 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

104 Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, December 1, 1946; [Vivian], Ruins Stabilization Report, April 2, 1948 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

105 Erik K. Reed to Regional Director, National Park Service, July 10, 1946 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

106 Reed to Regional Director, National Park Service, June 4, 1947 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

107 Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, October 3, 1945 (National Park Service: Aztec Ruins National Monument files at the National Archives, Washington).

108 Raymond T. Lovelady to Regional Landscape Architect, National Park Service, May 3, 1946; Townsend to Regional Director, National Park Service, March 8, 1946 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

109 Reed to Regional Director, National Park Service, June 4, 1947 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

110 Vivian, Limited Stabilization of the East Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1949 (Library, Western Archeological and Conservation Center, Tucson).

111 Raymond Rixey, Stabilization Records, the West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1950 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

112 Richert, The West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1951 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

113 Richert, Limited Stabilization, East Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1953 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

114 Richert, Stabilization file, West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1953 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

115 R. Gordon Vivian and Tom Mathews, Stabilization file, The Hubbard Mound, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1954; Vivian, Ruins Stabilization Inventory, 1956 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

116 Richert, Maintenance Stabilization Report, West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1956; Superintendent, Aztec Ruins National Monument, to Regional Director, National Park Service, January 28, 1965 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

117 Richert, Stabilization Report, East Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1956 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

118 Vivian, Ruins Stabilization Inventory, 1956 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

119 Richert, Stabilization Report, East Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1957 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

120 Joel L. Shiner, Stabilization at Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1959-1960 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

121 Ibid.

122 Shiner, The 1960 Stabilization of the Hubbard Mound, Aztec Ruins National Monument (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

123 Shiner, Stabilization of the West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1961 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

124 San Juan Testing Laboratory, Kiva Foundation Investigation, Aztec Ruins National Monument, November 18, 1966; Williams to Regional Director, National Park Service, January 28, 1965 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

125 Richert to Superintendent, Aztec Ruins National Monument, October 16, 1962 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

126 Charles B. Voll and Martin T. Mayer, 1965 Maintenance Stabilization, West Ruin, East Ruin, and Hubbard Mound, Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico; Ruins Stabilization Inventory, August 1965 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

127 Martin T. Mayer, Stabilization Reports, East and West Ruins, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1967 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

128 Contract No. 14-10-7: 971-114 to Sanders Construction Company, Farmington, New Mexico (Document file, Mesa Verde National Park, Mesa Verde, Colorado).

129 Resources Management Plan, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1973.

130 Peter Laudeman, Aztec Ruins National Monument, West Ruin, Hubbard Tri-Wall Structure, 1973, Stabilization Report (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

131 Marianne Trussel, Aztec Ruins National Monument, Aztec, New Mexico, May 1974-October 1974, Stabilization Report, 2 parts (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

132 Gilmer Construction Company, Contract, 1974 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

133 Stephen E. Adams, West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, Stabilization Report, 1975, 2 parts; Protective Roofs, West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, March 20, 1978 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

134 Ibid.

135 Adams, Completion Report, Construction Package #110, Stabilize West Ruin 1977 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

136 Larry V. Nordby, Drainage Installation on a Portion of the South Wing of the Aztec Ruin, 1977, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

137 Nordby, Archeological Materials Recovered from Preservation Drainage Excavation at Aztec Ruins, 1977 (Aztec Ruins National Monument files, Library, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe).

138 William L. Schart, Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico, West Ruin, Ruins Preservation, Field Season 1978 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

139 Adams, Protective Roofs, West Ruin, 1978 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

140 Nordby, Drainage Installation along the North Wall of Aztec Ruins, 1978, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, National Park Service, Santa Fe (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

141 Schart, Aztec Ruins National Monument, Hubbard Site, Field Season, 1978 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

142 Adams, Completion Report. Aztec Ruins National Monument, Improve Drainage to Protect West Ruin, 1982 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

143 Schart, Ruins Preservation, 1978 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

144 Adams, Completion Report, Cyclic Maintenance, Complete Stabilization of the Hubbard Mound, Replace Protective Roofs on the West Ruin, October 15, 1979 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

145 Adams, Ruins Preservation Guide, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1979 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

146 Paul K. Christensen, Aztec Ruins Water Investigation, Water Resources Report No. 80-2K, Southwest Region, National Park Service, November 1979.

147 Adams, Completion Report, Improve Drainage to Protect West Ruin, October 13, 1982 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

148 Adams, Improve Drainage, 1982 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

149 James D. Brown, Completion Report, Day Labor Project, Construction Package No. A17, Stabilize West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, December 8, 1986 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

150 Ibid., January 8, 1987.

151 Larry V. Nordby, Douglas C. Hicks, James Trott, and John T. Morgart, Drainage System Installations and Great Kiva Outer Ring Primary Beam Replacement, Aztec Ruins National Monument, Southwest Cultural Resource Center, National Park Service, 1984; Structural Engineer to Assistant Manager, Southeast/Southwest Team, Denver Service Center, February 28, 1984 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

152 Nordby, Hicks, Trott, and Morgart, Drainage System Installations and Great Kiva Outer Ring Primary Beam Replacement, 1984 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

153 Brown, Day Labor Project, Package No. A17, November 5, 1986; Construction Package No. 402, Stabilize East Ruin, November 5, 1986 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

154 Morgart, et al., Great Kiva Primary Beam Project, 1986, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, National Park Service, Santa Fe (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

155 Brown, Construction Package No. A17, Stabilize West Ruin, January 8, 1987 (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

156 Todd R. Metzger, Emergency Stabilization Assessments of Eleven Structures of the West Ruin, Aztec Ruins National Monument, August 1987, Nickens and Associates, Montrose, Colorado (Stabilization files, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

157 John R. Stein and Peter J. McKenna, An Archeological Reconnaissance of a Late Bonito Phase Occupation Near Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico (Santa Fe: Division of Anthropology, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, National Park Service, 1988).

Peter J. McKenna, Stabilization Observations at the Aztec Ruins: Prospective for the Superintendent, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, National Park Service, 1989.

1 Earl H. Morris, Field Catalogue (Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York). According to the present assistant registrar, American Museum of Natural History records list only 3,306 specimens from Aztec. Belinda Kay, March 30, 1989: personal communication.

2 David Hurst Thomas, March 21, 1989: personal communication; Belinda Kaye, March 30, 1989: personal communication.

3 Morris to Clark Wissler, March 13, 1931 (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

4 Ibid.

5 Earl H. Morris, "The Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, no. 1 (1919), 3-108.

6 B. Talbot B. Hyde to Wissler, August 21, 1918 (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York).

7 Morris, Field Catalogue (Aztec Ruins files, Department of Anthropology Archives at the American Museum of Natural History, New York; Collection Accession file, Accessions 1 and 8, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

8 Earl H. Morris, Archaeological Studies in the La Plata District, Southwestern Colorado and Northwestern New Mexico (Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1939), 143-244.

9 Morris, "Aztec Ruin," Fig. 55.

10 Ibid., Figs. 56, 59.

11 Earl H. Morris, "Notes on Excavations in the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 5 (1928): 304-05, 307-08.

12 Morris, "Aztec Ruin," Fig. 56.

13 Morris, miscellaneous notes (Morris Memorial Collection, University of Colorado Museum, Boulder).

14 Ibid.; Neil M. Judd, The Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 124 (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1954), Figs. 60-62.

15 Earl H. Morris, "Burials in the Aztec Ruin," Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 26, pt. 3 (1924): 165.

16 Morris, "Notes on Excavations," 355-56.

17 Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister, Anasazi Pottery (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1978), 73, Fig. 35.

18 Earl H. Morris, "Discoveries at the Aztec Ruin," American Museum Journal 17, no. 3 (1917): 177; "Aztec Ruin," 54, 56-57.

19 Morris, "Notes on Excavations," 259-420.

20 Earl H. Morris and Robert Burgh, Anasazi Basketry, Basket Maker III Through Pueblo III, A Study Based on Specimens from the San Juan Country (Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1941), 41.

21 Robert H. Lister and Florence C. Lister, Aztec Ruins on the Animas (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987), 49.

22 Morris and Burgh, Anasazi Basketry, 41.

23 Judd, Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito, Pl. 45, p. 321.

24 Ibid., 73.

25 Morris, "Aztec Ruin," Fig. 36a,b.

26 R. Gwinn Vivian, Dulce N. Dodgen, and Gayle H. Hartman, "Wooden Ritual Artifacts from Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: the Chetro Ketl Collection," Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona 32 (1978).

27 Judd, Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito, 275-76, Fig. 75, Pl. 76a-m.

28 Morris, "Notes on Excavations," 319-20.

29 Vivian, Dodgen, and Hartman, "Wooden Ritual Artifacts," Figs. 2.5, 2.7, 2.9.

30 Illustrated in Morris, Archaeological Studies in the La Plata District, Pl. 145.

31 Judd, Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito, 267-72, Fig. 72.

32 Vivian, Dodgen, and Hartman, "Wooden Ritual Artifacts," Fig. 39.

33 Morris, "Aztec Ruin," 92-103; "Burials in the Aztec Ruin," 164-67.

34 One hafted tcahamia from Aztec Ruin is illustrated in Morris, Archaeological Studies in the La Plata District, Pl. 165.

35 Earl H. Morris, "Adobe Bricks in a Pre-Spanish Wall Near Aztec, New Mexico," American Antiquity 9, no. 4 (1944): 434-38.

36 Morris, "Burials in the Aztec Ruin," 139-225.

37 Belinda Kaye to Charles B. Cooper, July 21, 1988 (Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

38 Collection Accession file, Accession 1, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico.

39 Ibid.

40 Ibid., Accession 8.

41 Earl H. Morris, List of Aztec Ruin Collection at Aztec, n.d. (Collection Accession file, Aztec Ruins National Monument Headquarters, Aztec, New Mexico).

42 Susan E. Bearden and Ronald G. Hefner, Aztec Ruins National Monument Cataloging and Analysis Project: Accessions 8 (partial), 11 (partial), 23 (partial), 41 (partial), 78, 79, 80, 84, 85, 87, 88, and 89, Archaeological Enterprises, Farmington, New Mexico (Contract No. PX-7029-7-6078, May, 1988).

43 Superintendent's Annual Narrative Report, Aztec Ruins National Monument, 1987.

44 Peter J. McKenna, A Stabilization Trench in Aztec West Ruin's Room 231, Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico, Division of Anthropology, Southwest Regional Office, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1988.