|
Death Valley
Historic Resource Study A History of Mining |
|
ENDNOTES
SECTION I.
1. Titus Fey Cronise, The Natural Wealth of California (San Francisco, 1868), cited in Benjamin Levy, Death Valley National Monument Historical Background Study (NPS [OAHP], 1969), p. 62.
2. Mining World 12 May 1906, p. 576.
3. Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., WRO, 1 April 1971.
4. James R. Evans, Gary C. Taylor, and John S. Rapp, Mines and Mineral Deposits in Death Valley National Monument, California Special Report 125 (California Division of Mines and Geology, 1976), p. 11.
5. Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., WRO, 1 April 1971; NPS, Environmental Assessment Regulations for Mining and Mining Claims Located on Lands Included Within the National Park System (36 C.F.R. Part) 9) (U.S. Dept. of the Interior [DSC], 1976), 11-4 to 11-5.
6. Denver Post 27 August 1978.
7. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 13.
8. The preceding chapter has drawn to some degree from the following sources: David G. Thompson, "The Mohave Desert region, California: a geographic, geologic, and hydrologic reconnaissance," USGS Water-Supply Paper 578 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1929), pp. 577-78, hereafter cited as Water-Supply Paper 578; W. A. Chalfant, Death Valley: The Facts (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1930), pp. 1-4, 10-12, 42-43, 62-64, 126; William Caruthers, Loafing Along Death Valley Trails (Ontario, Ca.: Death Valley Publishing Co., 1951), p. 21; Bourke Lee, Death Valley Men (New York: Macmillan, 1932), pp. 159-69, 196; Chuck Gebhardt, Inside Death Valley (Menlo Park, Ca.: Nowels Publications, 1977), 2d ed., passim.
SECTION II.
1. W. A. Chalfant, The Story of Inyo rev. ed. (Los Angeles: Citizens Print Shop, 1933), p. 82.
3. C. Lorin Ray, "There Was Indian Fighting To Be Done, in Inyo: 1866-1966 (Independence, Ca.: Inyo County Board of Supervisors, 1966), pp. 15, 17.
4. Charles H. Labbe, Rocky Trails of the Past (Las Vegas: C. H. Labbe, 1960), p. 121.
5. California State Mining Bureau, Journal of Mines and Geology 34 (October 1938):426.
6. Remi Nadeau, City-Makers: The Story of Southern California's First Boom 1868-76 4th ed. rev. (Corona del Mar, Ca.: Trans-Anglo Books, 1965), p. 152.
7. Inyo Independent (Independence, Ca.), 22 December 1905.
10. Ibid., 15 May 1920, 8 March 1924.
11. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 34 (October 1938):426.
12. Inyo Independent 12 July 1873.
13. Paul B. Hubbard, Doris Bray, and George Pipkin, Ballarat 1897-1917 Facts and Folklore (Lancaster, Ca.: P. B. & A. B. Hubbard, 1965), p. 17.
14. The Mining Journal 15 May 1941, p. 22.
15. Nadeau, City-Makers p. 112.
16. Inyo Independent 1 February 1907.
17. Skidoo News quoted in Inyo Independent 10 May 1907.
18. Inyo Independent 15 May 1920.
19. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 34 (October 1938):426.
20. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 47 (January 1951):55.
21. Inyo Independent 26 July 1924.
23. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 34 (October 1938):427.
SECTION III A.
1. Inyo Independent, 21 September 1872.
3. Ibid. See Appendix A for a copy of the laws of the new mining district.
6. Ibid., in Mining & Scientific Press, 40, no. 1 (3 January 1880). The meaning of this designation for the district is unknown. Perhaps these men actually thought they had discovered the fabled lost mine of that name.
7. Mining & Scientific Press, 18 March 1876, p. 181; U.S. Director of the Mint, Report of the Director of the Mint upon the Statistics of the Production of the Precious Metals in the United States (Washington: GPO, 1883), p. 53.
8. Engineering and Mining Journal, 12 May 1894, p. 445.
9. Mining & Scientific Press, 25 August 1894, p. 122; 16 May 1896, p. 402.
10. Inyo Register, 31 January 1895.
11. Inyo Independent, 16 April 1897.
13. Ibid., 13 August 1897. Two other later mining towns also referred to themselves, initially at least, as "Panamint." In 1906 such a town was mentioned sixteen miles south of Ballarat, possibly in Goler Canyon. It was called "Panamini"--whether this was a typographical error or a variation of the name has not been determined. The townsite was said to have been laid out by J.C. Cress and J.W. Callaway. Ibid., 23 February, 8 June 1906. In 1907 a new mining town of "Shadow Mountain" was later renamed "Panamint"; it was located up Johnson Canyon not far from old Panamint City.
14. Ibid., 13 August, 30 July 1897.
16. Ibid., and 13 August 1897.
21. Inyo Register, 14 April 1898.
22. Inyo Independent, 17 June 1898, 27 October 1905.
24. Engineering and Mining Journal, 11 October 1902, p. 493; 1 November 1902, p. 595; 5 December 1903, p. 867.
25. Inyo Independent, 28 October 1904.
26. Ibid., 16 June, 23 June 1905.
27. Engineering and Mining Journal, 19 August 1905, p. 305.
28. Inyo Independent, 27 October 1905.
30. Ibid., 23 February, 8 June 1906.
31. Engineering and Mining Journal, 11 August 1906, p. 271; Inyo Independent, 1 March 1907; Rhyolite (Nev.) Daily Bulletin, 17 October 1907.
32. Bullfrog Miner, 3 August 1907.
33. Inyo Independent, 24 March 1923.
34. Notice of Application to Construct Toll Road, in Inyo Independent, 26 September 1925.
35. Inyo Independent, 24 July 1936.
38. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):78.
39. Ibid.; Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., WRO, 1 April 1971.
40. Inyo Independent, 12 July 1873.
42. Los Angeles Star, 13 December 1873, quoted in Inyo Independent, 20 December 1873.
43. Caruthers, Loafing Along Death Valley Trails, p. 165; Glenn C. Quiett, Pay Dirt: A Panorama of American Gold-Rushes (New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1936), pp. 417-18.
44. A Notice of Location for the Happy Valley Toll Road, "Through Happy Canyon in Panamint Mining District, beginning at mouth of Happy Canyon and follows meandering of main canyon from said mouth to summit of Panamint Range, East of Juno Quartz Lode." Filed for record 5 May 1875. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 89, Inyo County Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
45. Nadeau, City-Makers, p. 111.
46. Edmond Leuba, "A Frenchman in the Panamints," California Historical Society Quarterly, 17 (September 1938):212.
49. Inyo Independent, 23 August 1907.
52. Los Angeles Times, 11 February 1969.
53. Inyo Independent, 21 June 1873.
55. Location Notice, Quartz Claim, Memo, DEVA NM mining office.
56. Articles of Incorporation for South Park Development Company, Pleasant Canyon, Panamint Mining District, in Inyo Independent, 12 March 1897.
57. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book B, pp. 50, 152.
72. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Book E, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
73. Notice of Application for U.S. Patent, Inyo Independent, 2 May 1931.
74. Mining & Scientific Press, 16 February 1884, p. 125.
75. U.S. Director of the Mint, Report of the Director of the Mint Upon the Production of the Precious Metals in the United States During the Calendar Year 1884 (Washington: GPO, 1885), p. 104.
76. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E.
77. Cover letter, William H. Pratt, U.S. Surveyor General's Office for the District of California, to Mr. R. Decker, at Panamint, Inyo Co., dated San Francisco, 2 September 1892.
78. Delinquent Tax List of Inyo Co., 1911, Inyo Independent, 7 June 1912.
79. Description of Real Estate, Notice of Sale, Office of Tax Collector, Inyo County, Inyo Independent, 16 February 1917.
80. Description of Real Estate, Notice of Sale, Office of Tax Collector, Inyo County, Inyo Independent, 23 March 1917.
81. Miscellaneous memo on Anacanda Quartz, Grandview Quartz, 2 Mill Sites, American Claim, Criswick Claim Groups, 11 December 1973.
82. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book D, p. 100.
83. F. MacMurphy, "Geology of the Panamint Silver District, California," Economic Geology, 25 (1930):317.
84. Inyo independent, 19 August 1922.
88. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book D, p. 112.
89. T.S. Palmer, ed., Place Names of the Death Valley Region in California and Nevada (n.p., 1948), p. 30.
90. Certificate of Work, Gold Hill No. 1, filed 7 May 1875, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 92; Notice of Location, Bullion Mine, ibid., p. 268.
91. Inyo Independent, 8 June 1889.
92. Notice of Location, Taylor Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 579; Plat of the Claim of the Death Valley Mining Co. Upon the Taylor Quartz Mine & Millsite, Panamint Mining District, Inyo Co., California, Mineral Survey No. 3097, June 12-22, 1891, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
93. Taylor Mill Site and Water Notice in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 583; Plat of the Claim of the Death Valley Mining Co. upon the Taylor Quartz Mine & Millsite, Panamint Mining District, Inyo County, California, Survey No. 3097, June 12-22, 1891, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Notice of Location, Taylor Mill Site, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E.
94. Notice of Location, Gold Hilt Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 576; Notice of Location, Gold Hill Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 477; Plat of the Claim of Death Valley Mining Co., upon the Gold Hill Quartz Mine, Panamint Mining District, Inyo County, California, Mineral Survey No. 3095, June 15-21, 1891, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Certificate of Assessment Work, Gold Hill Mine, filed 11 December 1890, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 492.
95. Notice of Location, Gold Hill Mill Site, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 581; Gold Hill Mill Site Location, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D.
96. Notice of Location, Death Valley Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 201; Notice of Location, Death Valley Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 580; Notice of Location, Death Valley Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 485; Notice of Location, Death Valley Mine, in ibid., p. 555.
97. Notice of Location Treasure Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 578; Plat of the Claim of the Death Valley Mining Co., Upon the Treasure Quartz Mine, Panamint Mining District, Inyo County, California, Mineral Survey No. 3096, June 18-19, 1891, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Certificate of Assessment Work, Treasure Mine, filed 11 December 1890, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 490.
98. Notice of Location, No One Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D; Certificate of Assessment Work, filed 11 December 1890, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 491.
99. Notice of Location, Silver Reef Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D; Notice of Location, Silver Reefe Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 488.
100. Notice of Location, Ibex Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 487.
101. Notice of Location, May Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo County, Book D; Notice of Location, May Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 489.
102. Notice of Location, Breyfogle Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, pp. 547-48; Notice of Location of Quartz Claim, Bryfogle Quartz Mining Claim, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, pp. 133-34; Notice of Location, Breyfogle Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book D, p. 71; A Nutmeg Mine mentioned as being in the vicinity of Anvil Spring does not appear to have any connection with the one mentioned here. The Butte Valley mine was not discovered until July 1896, and the directions given for its location seem to definitely place it near the spring.
103. Notice of Location, Oro Grande Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 549; Notice of Appropriation of Water, Oro Grande Springs, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D.
104. Notice of Location, Beckerton Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D.
105. Notice of Location, Georgia Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co.
106. Inyo Independent, 15 June 1889.
107. Articles of Incorporation of the Death Valley Mining Company, filed with Secretary of State 13 July 1889, Record Book 67, p. 124, Office of the Secretary of State, California State Archives, Sacramento, Ca. This charter was forfeited in December 1905 for failure to pay a license tax for the year ending 30 June 1906; Inyo Independent, 12 September 1897.
108. Mining & Scientific Press, 31 August 1889, p. 164.
109. Inyo independent, 31 July 1896.
112. Ibid., 29 December 1899; Inyo Register, 21 December 1899.
113. Inyo Independent, 16 February 1900.
115. Ibid., 27 April 1900; Inyo Register, 3 May 1900.
116. Inyo Independent, 18 May 1900.
117. Delinquent Tax-List of the County of Inyo, State of California, for the Year 1903, in Inyo Independent, 3 June 1904.
118. Inyo Independent, 16 February 1906; The Rhyolite Herald, 20 July 1906.
119. Delinquent Tax-List of the County of Inyo, State of California, for the Year 1910, in Inyo Register, 1 June 1911.
120. Notice of Sale, Controller's Department, State of California, in Inyo Independent, 16 February 1917.
121. Notice of Sale, Controller's Department, State of California, in Inyo Independent, 23 March 1917.
122. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 28 (July, October 1932):369.
123. John H. Eric, "Tabulation of Copper Deposits of California," Part Three in Olaf P. Jenkins, Copper in California, Bulletin 144 (San Francisco: Calif. Div. of Mines, Dept. of Nat. Res., 1948), p. 244.
124. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):43.
127. Memorandum, Emigrant District Ranger (Matt H. Ryan) to Chief Ranger, DEVA NM, 25 March 1960.
128. Record of on-site visit to Panamint Treasure Claim by Rich Ginkus, 25 July 1974, DEVA NM mining office.
129. Index to Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca
130. Mining & Scientific Press, 16 August 1890, p. 106.
131. Ibid., 25 September 1897, p. 294.
132. Labbe, Rocky Trails, p. 116.
133. Inyo Independent, 4 May 1889; Water Location Notice, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book O.
134. Engineering and Mining Journal, 17 December 1892, p. 589; Ibid., 17 February 1894, p. 158.
135. Inyo Independent, 17 June 1898.
137. Los Angeles Mining Review, 11 March 1899.
138. Inyo Independent, 24 March 1923.
139. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (January 1938):495.
140. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D.
142. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, n.p.; Ibid., Book G, p. 367; Ibid., Book 1, p. 125.
143. Ibid., Inyo Co., Book G, p. 68.
145. Inyo Independent, 4 February 1898.
146. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book D, p. 154.
147. Erwin G. Gudde, California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969), p. 12; Milo Page, "Unwritten History--The First Mining Locations in Inyo County Credited to Mormon Teamsters, 1854," in Inyo Register, 2 August 1906.
148. Mining & Scientific Press, 31 August 1889, p. 164.
149. 18 March 1899, p. 295; Inyo Independent, 21 April 1899; Mining & Scientific Press, 6 May 1899.
150. Inyo Independent, 16 February 1900.
151. Inyo Independent, 6 April 1900.
152. Inyo Register, 17 May 1900.
153. Engineering and Mining Journal, 7 February 1903, p. 236.
154. Inyo Independent, 1 April 1904, and 8 April 1904.
156. Inyo Register, 20 July 1905.
158. Ibid.; Inyo Register, 28 September, 5 October, 12 October 1905.
159. Engineering and Mining Journal, 27 January 1906, p. 197; Bullfrog Miner, 14 March 1908.
160. Inyo Independent, 24 March 1923.
161. Mining Claims Listed by Common Claimant Group, DEVA NM mining office; Inyo Independent, 17 October 1931.
162. Asa M. Russell, "We Lost a Ledge of Gold!," Desert Magazine, 31 (November 1968), pp. 14-17, 34-35.
163. Archie Burnett, "Report on the Golden Star-Apex and Ready Cash-Sunrise Groups of Mining Claims," 21 December 1928, p. 6, DEVA NM mining office.
164. Margaret Long, "The Woman of Death Valley," MS, 1929, Manuscripts II, in Margaret Long Collection, #281, Western History Collection, University of Colorado Library, Boulder, p. 82.
165. Panamint Russ (Asa M. Russell), "Life on the Desert," Desert Magazine, 18 (April 1955), pp. 13-14.
167. Russell, "We Lost a Ledge of Gold!," pp. 14-15.
168. William J. Wallace, "Death Valley Indian Use of Caves and Rockshelters," The Masterkey, 52 (October-December 1978), p. 130.
169. Ellen Black, "Mineral Report for the Mah Jongg No. 6 Mining Claim in Death Valley National Monument, California," 17 April 1978, DEVA NM mining office, pp. 1-2.
170. Ruth Kirk, Exploring Death Valley, 2d ed. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1965), p. 61.
171. Burnett, "Report on the Golden Star-Apex and Ready Cash-Sunrise Groups of Mining Claims," p. 10.
172. Wallace, "Use of Caves and Rockshelters," passim.
173. L. Burr Belden, Death Valley Historical Report 2 vols., typescript, (San Francisco: National Park Service, 1959), p. X-22; Work Projects Administration of Northern California, Federal Writer's Project, Death Valley: A Guide, American Guide Series (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1939), p. 62.
174. Case File, Clinton Anderson, Mining Claims Listed by Common Claimant Group, Abstract dated 23 February 1973, pp. 1-2; Ellen Black, "Mineral Report for the Greater View Springs No. 1 and 'Dipper' Mining Claims and the Greater View Springs Millsite in Death Valley National Monument, California," 17 April 1978, DEVA NM mining office.
175. The Sun-Telegram (San Bernardino, Ca.), 6 June 1976, p.B-4.
177. Daniel Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims: A Descriptive Chronology, 1849-1977 (Morongo Valley, Ca.: Sagebrush Press, 1977), p. 28.
178. Sun-Telegram, p. B-4; Belden, Historical Report, p. X-23.
179. Russell, "We Lost a Ledge of Gold!," p. 14.
180. Case File, Clinton Anderson, Mining Claims Listed by Common Claimant Group, 23 February 1973, DEVA NM mining office, p. 2.
181. Page, "Unwritten History," in Inyo Register, 2 August 1906.
182. "Location Certificate of [Ten Spot] Mill Site, Claimant Asa M. Russell, South Park Mining District, Inyo County, State of California," Land, Water and Mining Claims, Book C, p. 411.
183. Notice of Location, Quartz (Lode, Gold & Silver), Vol. 42, p. 51; Notice of Location, Quartz, Vol. 44, p. 201. In 1978 the Lucky Strike Claim, running northwest and southeast, was owned by Steve Penner and Fred, Mike, and Tom Kuretich. Ellen Black, "Mineral Report for the Lucky Strike Claim and Ten Spot Millsite in Death Valley National Monument, California," 8 March 1978, DEVA NM mining office.
184. Notice of Location, Nipper Quartz Mining Claim, Vol. 44, p. 199; Notice of Location, Nipper No. 1 Quartz Mining Claim, Vol. 44, p. 200; Notice of Location, Ready Cash Lode Mining Claim, Vol. 58, p. 128, and Vol. 116, p. 761; Notice of Location, Big Blue Quartz Mining Claim, Vol. 44, p. 202, and Vol. 116, p. 762; Notice of Location, Ten Spot Lode Mining Claim, Vol. 53, p. 485.
185. Black, "Mineral Report for the Lucky Strike Claim and Ten Spot Millsite," p. 4.
187. Memo, Park Ranger Warren H. Hill to Chief Ranger and District Ranger, DEVA NM, 8 February 1962.
188. Water Right, Willow Spring, Panamint Mining Register (1897), filed 1 September 1874, Book B, p. 99.
189. Inyo Register, 14 April 1898; Thompson, USGS Water-Supply Paper 578, p. 190.
191. Deed to Mining Claim, Quitclaim, between Wallace Todd and James H. Barker, recorded 16 May 1961, Official Records, Inyo Co., Vol. 146, p. 39.
192. Ralph E. Pray, President, Keystone Canyon Mining Co., Inc., to James B. Thompson, Supt., DEVA NM, 7 December 1974; Robert T. Mitcham, Chief, Mining Division, DEVA NM, to Linda W. Greene, Historian, TWE, DSC, 29 November 1978; Mill Site Location, recorded 25 October 1973, Mining Locations, Inyo Co., Vol. 115, p. 372.
193. Ralph E. Pray to James B. Thompson, 30 March 1975.
194. Special Use Permit No. 14-10-4:143-377, issued 13 May 1975.
195. USDI, NPS, Case Incident Record, Filed by Robert Mitcham, 16 June 1975, DEVA NM mining office.
196. Ralph E. Pray to Donald M. Spalding, Supt., DEVA NM, 29 November 1976.
197. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 34 (January 1938):495; Lauren A. Wright, Talc Deposits of the Southern Death Valley-Kingston Range Region, California Special Report 95 (San Francisco: Calif. Div. of Mines and Geology, 1968), pp. 34-35, hereafter cited as Special Report 95.
198. Kirk, Exploring Death Valley, p. 69.
199. Gudde, California Place Names, p. 366; Hank Johnston, Death Valley Scotty: "The Fastest Con in the West (Corona del Mar, Ca.: Trans-Anglo Books, 197T p. 59. Whatever the genesis of the name, in 1915 the U.S. Geological Survey opted for the name "Wingate Pass."
200. Harold O. Weight, Twenty Mule Team Days in Death Valley (Twentynine Palms, Ca.: The Calico Press, 1955), p. 7.
201. John R. Spears, Illustrated Sketches of Death Valley and Other Borax Deserts of the Pacific Coast (Chicago: Rand, McNally, 1892), p. 106.
203. Gudde, California Place Names, p. 366.
204. Spears, Illustrated Sketches, p. 87.
205. Inyo Independent, 27 November 1936.
207. Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907.
208. Inyo Independent, 10 January 1908.
209. Bullfrog Miner, 11 April 1908.
211. Rhyolite Herald, 17 June 1908.
212. Bullfrog Miner, 20 June 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 24 June 1908.
213. Rhyolite Herald, 30 September 1908; Inyo Independent, 25 February 1910; Rhyolite Herald, 19 March 1910.
214. Rhyolite Herald, 11 February 1911.
215. Thompson, USGS Water-Supply Paper 578, p. 591; David F. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, 2 vols. (Berkeley: Howell-North Books, 1963), pp. 808-9; Inyo Independent, 29 December 1923. Thompson gives the impression that the monorail system had been constructed by 1918, but this is about five years too early.
216. N.M. Thompson, "Historic Photos of the High-Riding 'Magnesium Flyer,'" Desert Magazine, 26 (January 1963), p. 13. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, p. 810.
217. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, p. 810.
218. Harry P. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley--Memoirs of a Borax Man, Publication No. 9 of the Death Valley '49ers (San Bernardino, Ca.: Inland Printing & Engraving Co., 1969), p. 19.
219. Inyo Independent, 29 December 1923; Charles Hardy, "Monorail Transportation for Magnesium Ore in California," Engineering and Mining Journal-Press, 21 July 1923, p. 100; Thompson, "Historic Photos," pp. 13-14; Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, p. 811; Lee, Death Valley Men, p. 220.
220. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, p. 811.
221. Hardy, "Monorail Transportation," p. 100.
223. Inyo Independent, 24 March 1923; 19 July 1924.
224. Chalfant, Death Valley: The Facts, p. 112; Lee, Death Valley Men, p. 220.
225. Thompson, "Historic Photos," p. 14; Chalfant, Death Valley: The Facts, p. 112; Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 19; Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, pp. 811, 814.
226. Lee, Death Valley Men, p. 220; New York Sun, 3 February 1941.
227. Memo, Director, Geological Survey, to Assistant Chief of Lands, NPS; 27 April 1961, on "Occurrence of minerals of possible potential commercial importance in certain National parks and monuments," p. 3, DEVA NM mining office. Ward C. Smith, Mineral Resources In and Near Death Valley National Monument (n.p., n.d. p. 26, DEVA NM mining office.
228. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):83.
229. Ibid.; Commodity Sheet, Manganite Group, DEVA NM mining office.
230. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):84. Data was also found linking Roy C. Troeger with the Wingate-National Group of mining claims in Wingate Wash about 71 miles west of the valley floor around 1942. Roy C. Troeger to Parties occupying Campsite on Wingate-National Group of Mining Claims, 16 February 1942, DEVA NM mining office.
231. Inyo Independent, 24 March 1923.
232. Memo, District Ranger, Emigrant, to Chief Ranger, DEVA NM, 25 March 1960.
233. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 19.
234. Ibid.; L.S. Zentner, "Mineral Report for the DV Group of Lode Mining Claims in Death Valley National Monument, California," 27 March 1978, DEVA NM mining office, pp. 2-3.
235. Los Angeles Evening News, 19 March 1906, quoted in Johnston, Death Valley Scotty, p. 68.
236. Los Angeles Evening News, no date, quoted in Johnston, Death Valley Scotty, p. 70.
237. Inyo Independent, 30 March 1906.
239. Eleanor Jordan Houston, Death Valley Scotty Told Me (Louisville: The Franklin Press, 1954), pp. 72-73.
240. Johnston, Death Valley Scotty, pp. 76-77; L. Burr Belden, "The Battle of Wingate Pass," Westways (November 1956), p. 8.
241. Rhyolite Herald, 10 June, 30 September 1908.
242. Inyo Register, 20 June 1912.
243. Lee, Death Valley Men, p. 220.
244. Zentner, "Mineral Report for the DV Group of Lode Mining Claims," p. 1.
245. Rhyolite Herald, 19 March 1910.
246. Information on the twenty-mule teams has been taken from: Chap. II. The Twenty-Mule Teams, in U.S. Borax and Chemical Co., "100 Years of U.S. Borax," (1872-1972), published in Pioneer (1972), pp. 32, 40-41, 43-44; Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 12; Harry Barber, "The Rise and Fall of a man named Smith," Desert Magazine, (November 1964), p. 11; Death Valley Natural History Association, The Borax Story: A Self-Guiding Tour of the Harmony Borax Works (San Bernardino, Ca.: Inland Printing & Engraving Co., n.d.), n.p.
247. Wright, Special Report 95, p. 62.
248. Ibid.; Field survey conducted by writer in April 1978.
249. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 35; Smith, Mineral Resources, p. 4; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):115.
250. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47, January 1951):114; Lauren A. Wright, Geology of the Superior Talc Area, Death Valley, California Special Report 20 (San Francisco: Calif. Div. of Mines and Geology, 1952), p. 3, hereafter cited as Special Report 20.
251. Wright, Special Report 95, p. 48; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):494; National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big Talc Mine, Plan of Operations, Desert Minerals, Inc., Death Valley National Monument," 2 February 1978, p. 2; Map I accompanying Memo, Archeologist, Division of Internal Archeological Studies, to Chief, Division of Internal Archeological Studies, concerning archeological clearance, Big Talc Plan of Operations, 9 January 1978; National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big Talc Mine, Plan of Operations, Continental Minerals Corporation, Death Valley National Monument," 6 June 1978, pp. III, 2; National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Supplementation of Big Talc Mine Plan of Operations, Continental Minerals Corporation, Death Valley National Monument," 22 December 1978, p. 3; National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Warm Springs Talc Mine, Plan of Operations, Continental Minerals Corporation, Death Valley National Monument," 12 September 1978, pp. 1-3.
252. John J. Kennedy, Pres., Kennedy Minerals Co., Inc., to O.A. Tomlinson, Reg. Dir., WRO, 2 March 1945.
253. Otis Booth, Vice-President, Sierra Talc Co., to C.C. Morris, U.S. Public Roads Administration, 14 March 1945.
254. Doris Bray, "Talc Miners in Death Valley Ask Change in Truck Route," San Bernardino (Ca.) Sun, 20 June 1968.
255. N PS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Warm Springs Talc Mine," p. 3; Donald F. Anderson, "Summary of John Mansville Operation, L. Grantham Talc Mines, Death Valley," 17 April 1978, p. 59; NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big Talc Mine," 2 February 1978, p. iii.
256. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big Talc Mine," p. 4; Clarence Wendel, Special Report on Talc Resources: A Supply and Marketing Study (San Francisco: Mining and Minerals Division, August 1978), p. 36; NIPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Supplementation of Big Talc Mine Plan of Operations,' pp. iii, 12; NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Warm Springs Talc Mine," pp. 3-4.
257. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big Talc Mine," pp. iii, 2; Wright, Special Report 95, p. 48.
258. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 38; Wright, Special Report 95, pp. 51-52; NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big Talc Mine," pp. iii, 6.
259. Keith G. Papke, Guidebook: Las Vegas to Death Valley and Return, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Report 26 (Reno: University of Nevada, 1975), pp. 37, 39; Evans et al., Special Report 125, pp. 38, 43; Wright, Special Report 95, p. 52; NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Warm Springs Talc Mine," pp. iii, 4, 8.
260. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 41; NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big Talc Mine," pp. iii, 4, 6-7, 10.
261. "Big Talc Mine Surface Plant and Area," Figure 6 in NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big Talc Mine," 2 February 1978.
262. Information in this section results from field surveys made by the writer during January, April, and May 1938.
263. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Supplementation of Big Talc Mine Plan of Operations," p. 2; NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Warm Springs Talc. Mine," p. 2.
264. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 28 (July, October 1932):369.
265. Notice of Appropriation of Water, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Book D, Inyo County.
266. Memo, Superintendent, Death Valley National Monument, to Regional Director, Region Four, concerning Proposed Acquisition of Bob Thompson Indian Allotment, Warm Springs Area, 7 January 1955, DEVA NM mining office, p. 1.
267. Ibid. If this means the mill was to be located across the driveway that enters the allotment area off the Warm Spring Canyon road and that separates the residential and office area from the garage and storage buildings, then this would seem to refer to the mill ruins existing there now and would give the structure a construction date of about 1955. The date 1939, however, is scratched into one of the cement foundations on the site.
268. Figures 7 and 8 in "Environmental Review and Analysis, Big, Talc Mine," 2 February 1978.
272. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):100.
273. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book 50, pp. 471-73, Book 52, pp. 360-62, Book 55, p. 405; USDI, General Land Office, Mineral Survey No. 6301 A and B, Field Notes of the Survey of the Mining Claim of General Chemical Company, April 26 to May 7, 1943.
274. Inyo County Tax Assessor's Office, Independence, Ca., DEVA NM mining office.
275. A frame compressor house, measuring eighteen by eighteen feet in size, is listed as an "improvement" on the property when it was patented in 1946. Also mentioned was a well or the Pink Elephant Millsite Claim just north of the Warm Spring Canyon road. Mineral Survey No. 6301 A and B, p. 13; "Red" Johnson, foreman of the Cyprus Panamint Mine, in a brief discussion held with the writer on the Warm Spring Canyon road on 11 May 1978, stated that compressor machinery was moved from the Gold Hill Mill Site complex for use at the Pink Elephant Mine.
276. G. R. Radcliffe, "Mineral Appraisal of Tract 45-106, Pink Elephant Patented Claims in Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California," p. 3, performed for the USDI, 5 July 1978, mimeograph copy in DEVA NM mining office.
278. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):482.
280. Wright, Special Report 95, p. 60; NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Panamint Mine, Application for Enlargement and Plan of Operations, Cyprus Industrial Minerals Co., Death Valley National Monument," 14 April 1978, pp. iii, 1-4.
281. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 43; NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Panamint Mine," pp. iii, 3.
282. Wright, Special Report 95, p. 60.
283. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Panamint Mine," p. 3; A road leading west from this stockpile heads up into the hills to an abandoned talc operation referred to by the mine superintendent as the "Sunset Mine" (although he may have meant "Sunrise"). This is located directly west about one mile from the pit workings. Remains here consist of an adit opening and a long one-chute ore bin leading from the adit level, several yards southeast of the entrance, down to a loading area on the road below.
284. Inyo Register, 26 February 1914; Pray was found dead at a road construction camp between Zabriskie and Carbonite in June 1913. It was never determined whether he committed suicide or was murdered. He had been working the mine alone up until that time. Ibid., 12 June 1913; Palmer, Place Names, p. 15.
285. Salsberry had worked as a miner in Nevada in the late 1890s after acquiring some education in the mining field at the Van Dernalian School of Mines in San Francisco. He was in Tonopah by 1901, subsequently establishing a brokerage office there. He became a prominent lumber man (Tonopah Lumber Co.), assisted in formation of the Fraction Mining Co., and was involved in one way or another in several of the big mines in southern Nevada. Around 1905, living in the new camp of Manhattan, he located more properties and built a large stamp mill. He was also involved in railroads, the telephone system, and public utilities in southern Nevada. Alfred H. Dutton, Notable Nevadans in Caricature (Reno, 1915), n.p. His vigorous development of several copper properties in the Ubehebe District of Death Valley will be discussed later in this report.
286. Inyo Register, 4 September 1913.
287. Ibid., 16 October, 6 November 1913.
289. Ibid.; Mining World, 7 March 1914, p. 473.
290. Inyo Register, 26 February 1914.
291. Mining World, 13 March 1915, p. 521.
292. Inyo Register, 29 July 1915.
294. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist for the year Ending December 1917 (Sacramento: Calif. St. Prtg. Off., 1917):89-90.
295. Paul K. Morton, Geology of the Queen of Sheba Lead Mine, Death Valley, California Special Report 88 (San Francisco: Calif. Div. of Mines and Geology, 1965), p. 7, hereafter cited as Special Report 88.
296. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 17 of the State Mineralogist: Mining in California During 1920 (Sacramento: Calif. St. Prtg. Off. 1921); David G. Thompson, Routes to desert watering places in the Mohave Desert region, California, USGS Water-Supply Paper 490-B (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1921), pp. 197-99; Inyo Independent, 24 March 1923.
297. Deeds Filed, in Inyo Independent, 9 June 1923. The location given for the July 1-3 claims places them in the Carbonate Mine area. No "Salsbury Wells" exists in the monument today. This possibly refers to what is now known as Salt Well, which is four miles east of the Carbonate Mine area; An A. I. (often written A. L.) D'Arcy was president of the Victory Divide Mining Company (home office, Reno) which later entered into a leasing arrangement with the New Sutherland company. D'Arcy was evidently also president of the Goldfield Deep Mines Company. Mining Journal 15 May 1926, p. 17; The R. H. Downer mentioned was undoubtedly Roger H. Downer, later consulting engineer for the Victory Divide Mining Company; The New Sutherland Divide Mining Company was incorporated in December 1919 with a capital stock of one thousand dollars (later increased to $150,000 and then to $300,000). A. I. D'Arcy was appointed president, and the principal place of business was Goldfield. John Salsberry, who maintained an office in the Mills Building in San Francisco, was designated the duly authorized resident agent of the company in California. Articles of Incorporation of New Sutherland Divide Mining Company, filed 13 December 1919, with the State of Nevada Department of State, recorded in Record of Corporations, Office of the Secretary of State., State Capitol Bldg., Carson City, Nevada, Vol. 36, p. 560; Designation of John Salsberry as Resident Agent in the State of California for New Sutherland Divide Mining Company, a Nevada Corporation, 13 May 1924, and Certificates of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation of New Sutherland Divide Mining Company, January 1931 and August 1947, on file, Office of the Secretary of State of the State of California, Sacramento.
298. Deeds Filed, in Inyo Independent, 3 November 1923. These claims were located 1,500 feet southwest of the future Queen of Sheba tunnels.
299. Engineering and Mining Journal-Press, 1 December 1923, p. 959.
300. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report Twenty of the State Mineralogist Concerning Mining in California and the Activities of the State Mining Bureau (Sacramento: Calif. St. Prtg. Off., 1924), p. ? As it turned out, however, the Queen of Sheba deposit was the less productive of the two lodes. Morton, Special Report 88, p. 14.
301. Inyo Independent, 27 February 1926.
302. Mining Journal, 15 August 1925, p. 34; Inyo Independent, 4 December 1926; Morton, Special Report 88, p. 7.
303. Inyo Independent, 27 February 1926.
304. Ibid., 20, 27 March 1926; Mining Journal, 15 April 1926.
305. Inyo Independent, 3 April 1926.
307. Ibid., 15 May 1926; Mining Journal, 15 May 1926, p. 17.
308. Inyo Independent, 12 June 1926.
309. Mining Journal, 30 June 1926, p. 35.
310. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 22 of the State Mineralogist covering Mining in California and the Activities of the State Mining Bureau (Sacramento: Calif. St. Prtg. Off., 1927, p. 480.
311. Inyo Independent, 4 December 1926; Mining Journal, 15 December 1926, p. 37.
312. Morton, Special Report 88, p. 7.
313. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 28 (July, October 1932):361.
314. T. B. Nolan, "Nonferrous-metal deposits," in D. F. Hewett et al., "Mineral resources of the region around Boulder Dam," USGS Bulletin 871 (Washington: GPO, 1936), p. 36.
315. Inyo Independent, 20 May 1938; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):430-31.
316. T. R. Goodwin, Supt., DEVA NM, to D. C. Wray, 20 November 1942.
317. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):76.
319. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):76.
320. Ibid.; Morton, Special Report 88, p. 7.
321. Morton, Special Report 88, p. 7.
323. Alvin H. Lense, "Mineral Report for the Roy, Roy #1 through Roy #14 Lode Mining Claims and the Roy Millsite Claim in Death Valley National Monument, California," 16 April 1976, pp. 3, 19, 21, DEVA NM mining office.
324. Field survey conducted by Linda W. Greene, Historian, TWE, DSC, 1 April 1978.
325. Smith, Mineral Resources, p. 20; Morton, Special Report 88, p. 7; Ellen Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine, Copper Bell Claim Group, in Death Valley National Monument, California," May 1978, p. 2.
326. Wright, Special Report 95, pp. 36-37.
327. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Bonnie Mine, Plan of Operations, Pfizer Inc., Death Valley National Monument," 15 August 1977, p. 1.
328. Evans et al., Special Report 125, pp. 43, 46.
329. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Bonnie Mine," pp. 2, 4.
330. Alice Hunt, Archeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, California, University of Utah Department of Anthropology, Anthropological Papers, no. 47 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1960), pp. 65, 73.
331. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Mongolian Mine, Plan of Operations, Pfizer Inc., Death Valley National Monument," 10 March 1978, p. 1.
332. Ibid., p. 3; Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 45.
333. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Mongolian Mine," p. iii.
334. NPS, USDI, "Environmental Review and Analysis, Mammoth Mine, Plan of Operations, Pfizer Inc., Death Valley National Monument," 17 May 1978, pp. iii, 1, 3-4, 6-8; Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 45.
335. Articles of Incorporation of American-Italian Talc Company, filed 6 February 1928, in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of California, Book 567, p. 290, California State Archives, Sacramento; The capital stock of the company was later reduced from 5 million dollars divided into S million shares to $250,000 divided into 25,000 shares with a par value of $10.00 each. Certificate of Reduction of Capital Stock of American-Italian Talc Company, 17 May 1929, California State Archives, Sacramento; Two of the talc claims acquired by the company were the Lilly White and Lilly White No. 1, "situated about 10 miles in a westerly direction from Zabriskie." Inyo Independent, 21 May 1927.
336. Mining Journal, 15 October 1929, p. 35; Wright, Special Report 95, p. 42.
337. Certificate of Amendments of Articles of Incorporation of American-Italian Talc Company, 10 July 1933, California State Archives, Sacramento.
338. W. M. Umbdenstock, vice-president, Death Valley Talc Company, to Col. John R. White, Supt. National Parks, Sequoia National Park, Calif., 7 November 1933; To compensate for the fact that less remote deposits could easily provide the commercial talc quantities needed in the state, operators at the Death Valley Mine sought to provide a higher-quality cosmetic product. Wright, Special Report 95, p. 42.
339. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):493.
340. Wright, Special Report 95, pp. 40, 42.
341. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 45.
342. Wright, Special Report 95, p. 42; Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., WRO, 1 April 1971.
343. Field survey conducted by Linda W. Greene, Historian, TWE, DSC, 1 April 1978.
344. Julian H. Steward, Basin-Plateau Aboriginal Sociopolitical Groups Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 120 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1938), pp. 92-93; William J. Wallace and Edith S. Taylor, "The Surface Archeology of Butte Valley, Death Valley National Monument," in Contributions to California Archaeology (Los Angeles: Archeological Research Assoc., 1956), p. 2.
345. "East of the Range," in Inyo Independent, 17 May 1873.
346. Lt. Birnie's Report, App. JJ (1876), Wheeler Survey, Report of the Chief of Engineers, p. 352.
347. Frederick Vernon Coville, "The Panamint Indians of California," American Anthropologist, 5 (October 1892):352.
348. Hunt, Archeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, p. 15; E.W.Nelson, "The Panamint and Saline Valley Indians," American Anthropologist, 4 (October 1891):372.
349. "Progressive Indians," in Inyo Register, 14 May 1896.
351. "News from the Southern Mines," in Inyo Independent, 13 August 1897. The designation of Panamint Tom as "notorious" is probably a reflection of the rumor that he had recently killed two miners in Pleasant Canyon. See ibid. He also held the reputation in the late 1800s of being a horse thief. Gebhardt, Inside Death Valley, p. 5.
352. "News from the Southern Mines," in Inyo Independent, 13 August 1897.
353. Hubbard et al., Ballarat 1897-1917, p. 91.
354. "Trip to Panamints," in The Rhyolite Herald, 12 March 1910.
355. Homer B. Jenkins, Chief, Branch of Tribal Programs, Bureau of Indian Affairs, to Fred W. Binnewies, Supt., DEVA NM, 18 February 1960; Dept. of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Application for enrollment with the Indians of the State of California under the Act of May 18, 1928 (45 Stat. L. 602), Application Number 8870 by Mabel Hungry Bill; Ibid., Application Number 8904 by Susie Wilson.
356. Jenkins to Binnewies, 18 February 1960; Census of the Paiute, Shoshone, Monache & Washoe Indians of Bishop Agency, 30 June 1927, taken by Ray R. Parrett, Supt.; Dept. of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Application for enrollment with the Indians of the State of California under the Act of May 18, 1928 (45 Stat. L. 602), Application Number 8869 by Tim Billson.
357. Jenkins to Binnewies, 18 February 1960; Susie Wilson, Application Number 8904 for enrollment with the Indians of the State of California; 1927 Census of the Indians of Bishop Agency.
358. Jenkins to Binnewies, 18 February 1960; Mabel Hungry Bill, Application Number 8870 for enrollment with the Indians of the State of California; 1927 Census of the Indians of Bishop Agency.
359. Steward, Basin-Plateau Aboriginal Sociopolitical Groups, p. 93.
360. T. R. Goodwin, "Park Ranger Believes Early White History Lies Behind Sealed Lips of Red Man Of The Desert," Inyo Independent, 29 October 1937; George Pipkin, "T. R. Goodwin-Indians--Emigrants," Trona (Ca.) Argonaut, 23 July 1975; Dept. of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Application for enrollment with the Indians of the State of California under the Act of May 18, 1928 (45 Stat. L. 602), Application Number 8903 by Tom Wilson.
361. "Progressive Indians," in Inyo Register, 14 May 1896.
362. "News from the Southern Mines," in Inyo Independent, 13 August 1897.
363. "Rich Mine," in Inyo Independent, 15 June 1889; "News from the Southern Mines," in ibid., 13 August 1897.
364. The (Las Vegas) Nevadan, 1 June 1969; Caruthers, Loafing Along Death Valley Trails, p. 168.
365. Notice of Location, Nellie Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book D, p. 204.
366. Bullfrog Miner, 15 June, 6 July 1907.
367. Ibid., 15, 22 June, 13 July 1907.
370. Ibid.; Bullfrog Miner, 13, 20 July 1907.
373. Ibid., 22 June, 6 July 1907.
379. Ibid., 3 August 1907; Inyo Independent, 9 August 1907.
380. Bullfrog Miner, 21 September 1907; Articles of Incorporation were found for the Death Valley Mines Company, whose principal place of business was to be in Los Angeles, and whose three directors included Clarence and Juanita M., Eddy. The corporation was formed to work the Death Valley Queen Nos. 1 and 2 and the Koriahnoor, all located in the Carbonate Mining District. The company was organized in March 1912 and filed with the California Secretary of State on 26 March 1920. Recorded in Book 372, p. 62, Office of the Secretary of State of the State of California, Sacramento.
381. Inyo Independent, 29 November 1907. For more information on the attempts by Eddy and others to placer mine the Death Valley sink, see the section on Amargosa Gold Placers in Volume II. The ensuing fortunes of Eddy were not investigated by this writer, but they seem to be clearly inferred by a comment in the Herald three years later which mentioned the attempts at placer mining made by "James Edmonds of Iowa and the poet prospector, Clarence E. Eddy,--(has anybody here seen or heard of Bro. Eddy of late?). . ." The Rhyolite Herald, 4 June 1910.
382. Jenkins to Binnewies, 18 February 1960.
383. Gudde, California Place Names, p. 148.
384. Fred W. Binnewies, Supt., DEVA NM, to L. Burr Belden, 1 October 1959.
385. The LCS survey crew. suggested that this might be an ore roasting furnace complex, but no signs of charcoal or burning were found.
386. Field surveys by members of Western Regional Office, 1975, and by Linda W. Greene, 17 September 1978.
387. Kirk, Exploring Death Valley, p. 75.
388. "Progressive Indians," in Inyo Register, 14 May 1896; "Trip to Panamints," in The Rhyolite Herald, 12 March 1910.
389. William J. Wallace, Death Valley National Monument's Prehistoric Past: An Archeological Overview (NPS, 1977), p. 156; Hunt, Archeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, pp. 174, 176.
390. Hunt, Archeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, pp. 282, 127.
391. Mining & Scientific Press, 21 September 1889, p. 224.
392. "Panamint Country," in Inyo Independent, 16 February 1900.
393. "New Discoveries in Panamint," Inyo Register, 10 August 1905.
394. "Another Rival to Greenwater," in Inyo Independent, 8 March 1907.
395. "Kennedy's Rich Silver," in Inyo Independent, 6 September 1907.
396. "Water Applications," in Inyo independent, 26 March 1921.
397. "Deeds Filed," in Inyo Independent, 25 March, 1 April 1922.
398. Belden, Historical Report, pp. X-23 to 24; L. Burr Belden, Mines of Death Valley (Glendale, ca.: La Siesta Press, 1966), pp. 54-55; Memo, Park Naturalist, DEVA NM, to Supt., DEVA NM, concerning interpretive signs, 16 May 1952.
399. List of claimants and property (no date), DEVA NM mining office.
400. Kirk, Exploring Death Valley, p. 68.
401. Mining & Scientific Press, 21 September 1889, p. 224.
402. Belden, Mines of Death Valley, p. 54.
403. Hunt, Archeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, p. 147.
404. Articles of Incorporation, Death Valley Wonder Mining & Milling Company, filed in office of Territorial Auditor, Territory of Arizona, 5 March 1906, filed in Office of the Secretary of State, State of California, 24 March 1906, in California State Archives, Sacramento, Record Book 185, p. 301; Beatty Bullfrog Miner, 31 March 1906.
405. Rhyolite Herald, 12 October 1906; Ibid., 4 January, 22 March, 19 April 1907.
406. Ibid., 12 October 1906, 19 April 1907.
407. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; Mining World, 27 April 1907, p. 542; Inyo Independent, 17 May 1907.
408. Rhyolite Herald, 22 March 1907.
409. Articles of. Incorporation of the Trail Canyon Mining Company, filed in the Office of the Secretary of State, State of South Dakota, on 21 November 1906, on file in Office of Secretary of State, Pierre, South 'Dakota; Foreign Incorporations, 1903-1906, in Nevada Secretary of State Report, 1905-1906, p. 116.
410. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
411. Loren Briggs Chan, Sagebrush Statesman: Tasker L. Oddie of Nevada (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1973), pp. 28, 33-34. The other on-paper-only companies that Oddie ran were the Greenwater Arcturus Copper Co., the Monitor Mining Co., the Silver Peak Blue Jay Mining Co., and the Paradise Mining Co.
412. G. W. Nielsan and Fred Boyd, "A Study of the Mineral Potential of Death Valley National Monument," Bureau of Land Management, USDI, 10 January 1964, p. 30; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):29, 36; Inyo Independent, 9 February 1940; R. L. Jordan to T. Raymond Goodwin, Supt., DEVA NM, 16 September 1948.
413. "New Uses Spur Tungsten Industry," Inyo Independent, 29 October 1937.
414. Smith, Mineral Resources, p. 27.
415. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):95.
416. Memo on miscellaneous mining activity in the Furnace Creek District, no date, DEVA NM mining office; Memo, Supt., DEVA NM, to Director, NPS, on Mining Claim Locations, 6 April 1960, DEVA NM mining office; Memo, Robert Mitcham (Death Valley mining engineer), Presenting Historical Information on Del Norte and Skidoo, Mines, DEVA NM mining office, 12 June 1975.
417. Thomas Hunt and James Cloninger, presumably to Supt., DEVA NM, 17 July 1971, DEVA NM mining office.
418. Kirk, Exploring Death Valley,, p. 68; Notes of Matt Ryan on Trail Canyon mines, 3/30/60, DEVA NM mining office; Smith, Mineral Resources, p. 23; Hunt, Archeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, p. 77.
SECTION III B.
1. Inyo Independent, 1 December 1916.
4. Ibid., 28 March 1925; Hubbard et al., Ballarat 1897-1917 p. 89; Palmer, Place Names, p. 73.
5. Inyo Independent, 21 May 1927.
6. James A. Hopper, "Appraisal of Thorndike Property, Death Valley Monument, Inyo County, California," 20 August 1954, DEVA NM mining office.
7. Inyo Independent, 29 September 1939.
8. William J. Wallace and Edith S. Taylor, "Archaeology of Wild Rose Canyon, Death Valley," American Antiquity, 20 (April 1955): 356. A spot east of Thorndike's where a semicircular windscreen was found is reported to have been a summer camp of Tom Wilson, a Death Valley Shoshone. Ibid., p. 359.
9. Inyo Independent, 24 April 1875.
10. Mining & Scientific Press, 18 March 1876, p. 181.
11. Report of the Director of the Mint, (1883), p. 53; Notice of Location, Wild Rose Spring, Rose Spring Mining District, located 31 July 1882, recorded 8 August 1882.
12. Location Notice, Inyo Silver Mine, Rose Spring Mining District, filed for record 2 January 1882 [1883], in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 154; Notice of Location, Blizzard Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, recorded 24 March 1883, located by Medbury and Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 315; Notice of Location, Valley View Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, recorded 24 March 1883, located by Medbury and, Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 314. A Valley View group of six claims adjoined the Skidoo and Cocopah mines in 1907, located and owned by A.C. Goacher and W. H. Siebert. Bullfrog Miner, 1 March 1907. Notice of Location, Argonaut Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, recorded 24 March 1883, located by J. Medbury and W.L. Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 312. Work was still being performed on the Argonaut property in 1906 by a W. L. Skinner. Index to Proof of Labor Books, Inyo Co., Book G, p. 190; Notice of Location, Jeanetta Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, recorded 24 March 1883, located by J. Medburry [sic] and W.L. Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 311.
13. Inyo Independent, 2 August 1884. The district is often referred to as White Rose" in this article, while other newspaper accounts frequently allude to "White Rose Spring"; Inyo Independent, 26 July 1884.
14. Report of the Director of the Mint (1885), p. 103.
15. Minutes of Formation of Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 433, recorded 10 April 1888 with Inyo County recorder. See Appendix B for full transcript of minutes.
16. Rhyolite Herald, 1 September 1905, p. 8.
17. Notice of Location, Weehawken Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, located 24 January 1889 by William Harrigan and Joe Danielson, recorded 31 January 1889, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, no page; Notice of Location, Antimony Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, located 23 January 1889 by Harrigan & Danielson, recorded 31 January 1889, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, no page; Notice of Location, Consolidation Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, located 2 January 1896 by Charles Anthony, recorded 7 January 1896, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, p. 46.
18. Handbook of Nevada Mines, 1906, published by the Goldfield News, p. 87, Nevada Historical Society, Reno, Nevada.
20. Inyo independent, 23 March 1906; Ibid., 16 February, 22 March 1924.
21. Ibid., 11 May 1906. In 1906 a big strike was reported on the Last Hike Claim, formerly owned by Tom Knight and others, with assays running up to $2,000 a ton. The property was now owned by A.V. Carpenter. In 1908 the Last Hike Claim was mentioned as being in the Skidoo area. Rhyolite Herald, 15 June 1906, Bullfrog Miner, 21 March 1908.
22. Rhyolite Herald, 22 June 1906, p. 9; 6 July 1906, p. 7; and 20 July 1906, p. 8.
23. Inyo Independent, 6 July 1906.
25. Rhyolite Herald, 14 September 1906.
26. Inyo Independent, 9 November 1906.
28. Ibid., 28 December 1906, 14 August 1908.
29. Notice of Location, Combination-Goldfield and Nevada-Tonopah, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, p. 243; Notice of Location, Wild Rose Annex #1, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, p. 152; Notice of Location, Oro Blanco Mine, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, p. 44; Notice of Location, Taylor Mining Claim, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, p. 152.
30. Inyo Independent, 3 May 1907.
31. Inyo Independent, 24 May 1907, 28 February 1908.
32. Inyo Register, 20 August 1914; 19 October 1916.
33. Inyo Independent, 25 June 1909 (1); Ibid., 28 February 1925, 3 April 1926 (2); Ibid., 13 June 1925, 24 October 1925, 1 January 1927 (3); Ibid., 13 June 1925, 24 October 1925, 1 January 1927 (4); Ibid., 12 June 1926 (5); Ibid., 18 September 1926, 19 February 1927 (6); Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 22 (October 1926): 482 (7); Inyo Independent, 25 December 1926 (8); Ibid., 7 May 1927 (9); Ibid., 21 May 1927, 28 May 1927, 28 January 1928 (10); Ibid., 21 May 197 (11); Ibid., 21 May 1927, 9 July 1927 (12); Ibid., 3 September 1927, (13); Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938): 423 (14).
34. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 36 (January 1940): 10, 23; Memo, Superintendent, DEVA NM, to Director, WRO, on Mining Claim Locations, 6 April 1960, pp. 3, 5; Memo, Matt Ryan to C/R, on Active Mining Claims of the Emigrant District., 1 March 1962.
35. Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims, pp. 42-43; F. Ross Holland, Jr., Recommendations for Historic Preservation and Historical Studies Management Plan for Death Valley National Monument (Denver: DSC, NPS, 1972) pp. 27-28; William Tweed, comp., Cultural Resources Survey Death Valley National Monument 2 vols. (San Francisco: NPS, Western Regional Office, Division of Historic Preservation, 1976), 2:316-18; Labbe, Rocky Trails, p. 141; Robert J. Murphy, Supt., DEVA NM, "Informational Statement, Wildrose Station Concession," 1 December 1970, history files, DSC.
36. Panamint News, 9 March 1875.
37. W.A. Chalfant, excerpt from "The Story of Inyo," in Inyo Register, 8 January 1914.
39. Carl I. Wheat, "Pioneer Visitors to Death Valley After the Forty-Niners," California Historical Society Quarterly, 18 (1939), p. 7.
40. Index to Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 30.
41. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, and Index to Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 33.
42. Inyo Independent, 12 July 1884; Mining & Scientific Press, 5 April 1890, p. 232.
43. Mining & Scientific Press, 2 April 1887, p. 224.
44. Notice of Location, Antimony Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D; Notice of Location, Antimony Mine, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 463.
45. Inyo Independent, 3 January 1890.
46. Mining & Scientific Press, 11 January 1890, p. 22.
47. Engineering and Mining Journal, 21 November 1891, p. 585; Ibid., 2 January 1892, p. 6.
48. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Twelfth Report of the State Mineralogist (Sacramento: J.D. Young, 1894), p. 21; Inyo Register, 23 August 1894.
49. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, pp. 41, 42, 47; Paul H. Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Kennedy-Kuehl Property, Death Valley National Monument, California," July 1972, DEVA NM mining office.
50. Inyo Independent, 2 March 1900; Ibid., 27 April 1900; Inyo Register, 3 May 1900; Inyo Independent, 18 May 1900; Engineering and Mining Journal, 2 June 1900, p. 657; Inyo Register, 2 August 1900.
51. Engineering and Mining Journal, 29 September 1900, p. 377; Inyo Independent, 12 July 1901.
52. Engineering and Mining Journal, 16 November 1901, p. 644.
53. Inyo Independent, 18 April 1902; Ibid., 26 June 1903.
54. Ibid., 13 September 1907; Inyo Register, 16 April 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 8 July 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 19 December 1908.
56. Ibid.; Rhyolite Herald, 19 May 1909; Inyo Independent, 21 May 1909; Plat of the Claim of George Montgomery et al known as the Antimonium Group of Mines embracing the Monarch, Combination and Monopoly Quartz Mines in Wild Rose Mining District, Inyo County, California, Surveyed August and September, 1906, Mineral Survey #4530, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Record of Patents, No. 83129, 30 June 1908, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Paul H. Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Monarch-Combination-Monopoly Group, Death Valley National Monument, California," July 1972, p. 1.
57. 24 September 1914. The Independent reported that the mine was sold in August 1914 by A.W. Eibeshutz, Geo. A. Smith, and J.S. Stotler to L.C. Mott. 17 September 1915. Archeologists have found two locations in Wildrose Canyon showing evidence of having been the site of heavy machinery and possibly of vats. Courtesy of Western Archeological Center. Two men, Walter Hoover and 'Red" Collins, set up a small mill at Wildrose Spring in 1936 that never operated. One of these ruins might be the remains of that enterprise. A newspaper article in 1901 mentions that "the boiler and engine of the old Banner or Wild Rose mill has been sold by Dr. G.P. Doyle to the Messrs. Nolan for use in running machinery at the Montezuma concentrating plant." Inyo Independent, 28 June 1901. This same paper stated in 1936 that the Steinberg Bros. had just completed a mill at Wildrose that was running twenty-four hours a day, with a capacity of twenty tons daily. 10 April 1936.
58. Inyo Register, 26 November 1914; Ibid., 21 January 1915; Mining & Scientific Press, 30 January 1915, p. 196.
59. Inyo Register, 15 April 1915; Mining World, 15 May 1915, p. 917.
60. Inyo Independent, 17 September 1915; Inyo Register, 16 December 1915; Inyo Independent, 8 December 1916; Engineering and Mining Journal, 3 March 1917.
61. Arthur S. Eakle, Emile Huguenin, R.P. McLaughlin, and Clarence A. Waring, Mines and Mineral Resources of Alpine County, Inyo County, Mono County (Sacramento: Calif. St. Prtg. Off., 1917), p. 56.
62. D.E. White, "Antimony deposits of the Wildrose Canyon area, Inyo County, California," USGS Bulletin No. 922-K (Washington: GPO, 1940), p. 308.
63. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 17 of the State Mineralogist (1920), p. 273; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 22 of the State Mineralogist (1926), p. 462.
64. White, "Antimony deposits of the Wildrose Canyon area," p. 308; Mining Journal, 30 June 1939, p. 24 Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938): 378.
65. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951): 36-37; Mark Massie, "Appraisal of Patented Mining Claims, Boeckerman/Dresselhaus/Rink Property, Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California, As of April 16, 1972," DEVA NM mining office.
66. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist (1917), pp. 61-62.
67. Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Monarch-Combination-Monopoly Group," pp. 4, 10; White, "Antimony deposits of the Wildrose Canyon area," pp. 308, 316, 324; Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Kennedy-Kuehl Property," pp. 5, 7.
68. Engineering and Mining Journal, 3 March 1917, p. 396; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951): 28.
69. White, "Antimony deposits of the Wildrose Canyon area," p. 325; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Antimony, Graphite, Nickel, Potash, Strontium, Tin: Preliminary Report No. 5 (Sacramento: Calif. St. Prtg. Off., 1918).
70. Wallace and Taylor, "Archaeology of Wild Rose Canyon.," p. 356.
71. Water Location, Lower Emigrant Spring, located 11 June 1904 by J.R. McCormack, in Land and Water Claims, Mill Sites, Book A, p. 253, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
72. Belden, Mines of Death Valley, p. 54.
73. Hubbard et al., Ballarat 1897-1917, p. 88.
74. G.A. Waring, "Springs of California," USGS Water-Supply Paper 338 (Washington: GPO, 1915), p. 341.
75. Edna Brush Perkins, The White Heart of Mojave: An Adventure with the Outdoors of the Desert (New York: Boni and Liveright, Inc., T2), pp. 141.
76. Archeologists have found scattered historical trash in the vicinity of this flat area, and have also located another tunnel across the road from Wildrose Spring containing evidence of historic human occupation. According to their information this area was part of the Monday Mining Claim, originally belonging to the Monday Mining Corporation and later owned by the Journigan brothers in the 1930s. Courtesy of Western Archeological Center. As mentioned earlier, Walter Hoover and a "Red" Collins set up a mill at Wildrose Spring in 1936. It never operated because the two men came into disagreement and each moved away his share of the machinery. Whether this mill might have been located in the' vicinity of the cave house is not known. Reportedly Hoover and his family lived for a while after the splitup in a shack at Wildrose Spring.
77. Rhyolite Herald, 12 May 1909.
78. Notice of Location, Eureka No. 1 Claim, Record Book F, Wild Rose Mining District, pp. 348-49, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
79. Bullfrog Miner, 25 April 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 20 May 1908.
80. The Pacific Miner, August 1908.
81. Bullfrog Miner, 14 November 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 18 November 1908.
82. Bullfrog Miner, 19 December 1908.
83. Bullfrog Miner, 5 December 1908. According to the Miner of 19 December, the lessees were asking as much as $30,000 to suspend their operations.
84. Ibid., 9 January 1909; 13 February 1909.
85. Inyo Independent, 5 March 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 20 March 1909.
86. Inyo Independent, 3 January 1920 15 July 1922.
89. Memo, 6 April 1960, DEVA NM mining office; Memo, 1 March 1962, DEVA NM mining office; Sonora (Ca.) Daily Union Democrat, 22 September 1971.
90. Panamint News, 9 March 1875.483
91. Chalfant, "The Story of Inyo," in Inyo Register, 8 January 1914.
92. Index to Proof of Labor, Inyo Co., Book G, p. 220, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.; Inyo Register, 9 April 1908; List of claimants and property, no date, DEVA NM mining office.
93. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Tenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist for Year Ending Dec. 1, 1890 (Sacramento: J.D. Young, 1890), 157-210; George W. Ramage, ed., The Mining Directory and Reference Book of the United States Canada and Mexico (Chicago: Poole Bros., 1892), p. 180; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Register of Mines and Minerals, Inyo County, California (San Francisco, 1902), p. 4; Poole Brothers, The Mining Directory and Reference Book of the United States Canada and Mexico (Chicago: Poole Bros., 1898), p. 2 10; Inyo Register, 10 December 1914; Wining, World, 13 February 1915 Eric, "Tabulation of Copper Deposits," in Jenkins, Copper in California, p. 240.
94. Field. survey, September 1978, by Linda W. Greene; LCS Survey by Bill Tweed and Ken Keane, December 1975.
95. Harold O. Weight, "A Summer Visit to the Panamints," in Desert Magazine, 23, no. 7 (July 1960), p. 9.
96. Tweed, Cultural Resources Survey, p. 295.
97. Panamint News, 9 March 1875, p. 5.
98. Deeds Filed in Office of County Recorder, Inyo Independent, 26 November, 31 December 1927.
99. Inyo Independent, 18 October 1930.
100. George Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry: Death Valley Prospector--Gold Miner (Littlerock, Ca.: South Antelope Valley Publishing Co., 1971), p. 136.
101. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 39 (January 1943): 59; 47 (January 1951): 56; Rhyolite Herald, 17 June 1908.
102. Memo, Matt Ryan to C/R, on Active Mining Claims of the Emigrant District, 1 March 1962.
103. Notices of Location, in Inyo County Mining Locations, Vol. 12, pp. 305-6; Vol. 48, p. 385, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
104. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, p. 91.
105. Decree of Settlement of Account and of Final Distribution In the Matter of the Estate of James P. Aguereberry, Dec., 5 August 1946, in Official Records, Vol. 65, pp. 596-97, Inyo Co. Courthouse, Independence, Ca.
106. 47 (January 1951): 46-47.
107. Rhyolite Herald, 1 September 1905.
108. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, pp. 55-63, 70-79; Caruthers, Loafing Along Death Valley Trails, pp. 57-58; C.B. Glasscock, Here's Death Valley (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1940), pp. 239-42; Hubbard et al., Ballarat, 1897-1917, pp. 66-68; Inyo Independent, 15 September 1905.
109. Rhyolite Herald, 18 August 1905. The new camp was referred to as Harrisberry, or Harrisbury, and in this article even as Harrisonville; Inyo Register, 24 August 1905; Rhyolite Herald, 1 September 1905.
110. Inyo Register, 14 September 1905; Inyo Independent, 15 September 1905.
111. Inyo Register, 21 September 1905.
112. Rhyolite Herald, 22 September 1905.
113. Ibid.; Inyo Register, 28 September 1905.
114. Rhyolite Herald, 6 October 1905; Inyo Register, 12 October 1905.
115. Inyo Independent, 13 October 1905. According to a later account, D.E. Blake was from Cripple Creek, and established his business in Ballarat, the first custom assay office to be opened in that town. J.H. Wilson, a civil engineer from Denver, also opened an office in that town. Which of the two accounts is accurate is not known. Inyo Independent, 20 October and 3 November 1905.
116. Inyo Independent, 3 November 1905, 16 February 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 30 November 1906.
117. Rhyolite Herald, 15 December 1905.
119. Rhyolite Herald, 22 December 1905; Inyo Register, 28 December 1905.
120. Inyo Register, 12 April 1906.
121. Rhyolite Herald, 13 April 1906.
122. Bullfrog Miner, 11 May 1906.
123. Rhyolite Herald, 14 September 1906.
124. Inyo Independent, 16 November 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 14 December 1906; 18 January 1907.
125. Rhyolite Herald, 11 and 18 January 1907.
127. Bullfrog Miner, 5 April 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
128. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 27 July and 3 August 1907.
129. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907.
130. Bullfrog Miner, 29 February 1908.
131. Ibid., 28 March 1908; Adams moved his enterprise to Skidoo after the Harrisburg boom ended, and, when activity there declined, moved back to Harrisburg Flats and built a cabin on the north rim about two miles from Aguereberry's cabin. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, pp. 79, 119, 121.
132. Rhyolite Herald, 18 November 1908, 6 and 20 January 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 9 January 1909.
133. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, pp. 81-97.
134. Rhyolite Herald, 14 July and 7 August 1909.
136. Bullfrog Miner, 11 September 1909. This article states that the mill started work with only three small stamps instead of the projected five.
137. Inyo Register, 17 November 1910; Rhyolite Herald, 14 January 1911.
138. Rhyolite Herald, 11 February 1911.
139. Ibid., 7, 21, 28 October, 23 December 1911, 20 January 1912; Inyo Independent, 19 July 1912.
140. Inyo Register, 10 July 1913, 11 June 1914.
141. Ibid., 24 September 1914; Engineering and Mining Journal, 6 March 1915, p. 468; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist (1917), p. 76.
142. Eakle et al., Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 75; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 22 (October 1926):466-67, 469; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):399.
143. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (January 1938):10; 34 (October 1938):391.
144. Calif. St Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):44.
145. Bullfrog Miner, 12 April 1907; Notices of Location, in Inyo County Mining Locations, Vol. 12, p. 304; Vol. 12, p. 305; Book 20, p. 5; Book 20, pp. 547-48.
146. Notice of Location, Quartz Claim, Independence Mine, in Inyo County Mining Locations, Vol. 11, pp. 115-16, and Vol. 12, p. 306; Alvin H. Lense, "Mineral Report on the South Independence, South Independence No. 1, East Independence, Independence No. 1, Independent, Independent No. 2, and Independent No. 3 Unpatented Mining Claims in the Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California," July 1974, pp. 1, 11, 20-21; Notices of Location, Quartz Claims, in Inyo County Mining Locations, East Independence Mine, Vol. 10, p. 469; South Independence Mine, Vol. 25, p. 234; South Independence No. 1, Vol. 25, pp. 234-35; Independent Mine, Vol. 10, pp. 466-67; Independent No. 2, Vol. 10, pp. 467-68; Independent No. 1, Vol. 10, p. 467; Independent No. 3, Vol. 10, p. 468; Independent No. 4, Vol. 10, pp. 468-69; South Independent No. 3, Vol. 48, p. 385.; Decree of Settlement . . . of the Estate of James P. Aguereberry, Dec., 5 August 1946.
147. Memo, Matt Ryan to C/R, on Active Mining Claims of the Emigrant District, 1 March 1962.
148. Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, passim.
149. Decree of Settlement . . . of the Estate of James P. Aguereberry, Dec., 5 August 1946.
150. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
151. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 15 (1915-16):75-76; Nolan, "Nonferrous-metal deposits," USGS Bulletin 871, p. 37; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 31 (1938):391, and Journal of Mines and Geology, 53 (19 57):459.
152. Levy, Historical Background Study Historical Base Map No. 5.
153. Inyo Independent, 5 December 1874; Notice of Location, Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book B, p. 230. More information on the Nossano brothers will be found in the section on the Blue Bell Mine.
154. Certificate of Labor, Star of the West, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book B, p. 200; Mining & Scientific Press, 24 April 1875, p. 268.
155. Inyo Independent, 11 March 1876. The mine was listed as assessable property of the Inyo Consolidated Silver Mining Co. on the Inyo Co. Delinquent Tax-List for 1876. Ibid., 3 February 1877.
156. Levy, Historical Background Study Historical Base Map No. 5. Also see Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1876, App. JJ (Washington: GPO, 1877), p. 65.
157. Inyo Independent, 5 December 1874. Mention of this mine also appears in the Independent, 27 February 1875, and Panamint News, 9 March 1875.
158. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book B, p. 305.
159. Panamint News, 25 February 1875; News concerning one or the other of these two North Star mines appears in Panamint News, 23 March 1875; Mining & Scientific Press, 5 June 1875, p. 364, and 26 June 1875, p. 413.
160. Mining & Scientific Press, 24 April 1875, p. 268.
161. Inyo Independent, 19 February 1876; 11 March 1876.
162. Mining & Scientific Press, 18 March 1876, p. 181.
163. Coso Mining News, 29 April 1876.
165. Mining & Scientific Press, 3 June 1876, p. 357.
166. Inyo Independent, 3 February 1877.
167. Location Notice, Mohawk Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 313. Another Mohawk Lode, above the Wonder Mine near Panamint City, was filed on in 1874. Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book B, pp. 50, 152. The North Star was not referred to as the Mohawk until about 1883.
168. Inyo Independent, 26 July 1884.
169. Ibid., 2 August 1884; Report of the Director of the Mint (1885), p. 163.
170. Mining & Scientific Press, 14 September 1889, p. 204.
171. Location Notice, Morning Star Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, p. 44; Inyo Independent, 21 August 1903; Ibid., 22 November 1884; Report of the Director of the Mint (1885), p. 163; Notice of Location, Valley View Mine, recorded 24 March 1883, located by Medbury and Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 314; See also "Geographical Map of Skidoo," 1907, published in George Koenig, "23" Skidoo and Panamint Too!, Death Valley '49ers Keepsake No. 11 (San Bernardino, Ca.: Inland Printing & Engraving Co., 1971), p. 9.
172. Notices of Location, North Star Nos. 1-6, Wild Rose Mining District, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book F, pp. 146-51.
173. James H. Bennett and Roy Journigan Correspondence, cited in Memo, Park Naturalist, DEVA NM, to Supt., DEVA NM, on Interpretive Signs, 16 May 1952; Acting Assoc. Reg. Dir., WRO, to Field Solicitor's Office, San Francisco, 2 January 1975, p. 1, DEVA NM mining office; Inyo Independent, 7 July, 25 August, 20 October, 24 November 1923. A single stamp remaining from one of the site's stamping operations lies alongside the Emigrant Canyon Road below the present mill ruins. A 1908 issue of the Inyo Register notes that John Hoppes (Hobbs?) Wilson and associates (assayers and mining engineers at Skidoo) had acquired the water rights to Burro and Quail springs and were planning to open a custom mill in Emigrant Canyon about one-half mile above Jack Hartigan's roadhouse at an elevation of 4,365 feet. Water was to be piped to the ten-stamp mill via Burro Canyon. A small electrical plant would be operated in addition to the reduction works. 23 January 1908. The Poppy Group was located two miles west of the Skidoo camp. Bullfrog Miner, 25 January 1908.
174. Memo, Park Naturalist, DEVA NM, to Supt., DEVA NM, 16 May 1952; Land and Water Claims, Inyo Co., Book C, p. 288; Record of Ownership of Gold Bottom Mill Site, DEVA NM mining office; Actg. Assoc. Reg. Dir., WRO, to Field Solicitor's Office, 2 January 1975, p. 2; John R. White, Supt., DEVA NM, to the Dir., NPS, 31 December 1937.
175. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):420-21.
176. Journigan to O'Donnell, Agreement of Sale, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 31 January 1940, Book 48, p. 1, amended 18 January 1940, and recorded 31 January 1940, Book 48, p. 5, in Record of Ownership of Gold Bottom Mill Site, DEVA NM mining office; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):381; Ibid., 36 (January 1940):10; Actg. Assoc. Reg. Dir., WRO, to Field Solicitor's Office, 2 January 1975; Journigans to Del Norte Mining Co., in Official Records, Inyo Co., deed recorded 6 January 1958, Vol. 130, p. 397, in Record of Ownership, DEVA NM mining office; Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (1951):45.
177. Quitclaim to Stivers, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 6 January 1958, Vol. 130, p. 410; Quitclaim to Troeger, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 6 January 1958, Vol. 130, p. 406; Lease, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 29 October 1951, Book 94, p. 157; James B. Thompson, Supt., DEVA NM, to Reg. Dir., WRO, 20 December 1974.
178. Ridgecrest (Ca.) Times-Herald, 11 February 1954; Fred W. Binnewiess, Supt., DEVA NM, to Reg. Dir., Region Four, 6 January 1955.
179. Quitclaim deed, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 8 April 1954, Vol. 109, p. 327.
180. David E. Hinckle to Robert Mitcham, 31 January 1974.
181. Deed, in Official Records, Inyo Co., recorded 9 May. 1967, Vol. 177, p. 947.
182. Sonora (Ca.) Daily Union Democrat, 22 September 1971; Harold E. Thompson, Actg. Supt., DEVA NM, to Larry E. Moss, Sierra Club, 8 September 1971.
183. T. R. Goodwin, Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., WRO, 21 June 1940.
184. DEVA NM mining office; Inyo Independent, 18 March 1938.
185. Inyo Independent, 24 March 1939; 2 June 1939.
187. Mining Journal, 15 August 1940, p. 17.
188. Ibid., 30 December 1940, p. 16.
189. Ibid., 15 April 1941, p. 23.
190. Crowe to James B. Thompson, Supt., DEVA NM, 12 June 1975.
191. Rhyolite Herald, 10 August 1906.
192. Mining & Scientific Press, 19 July 1873, p. 87.
193. Notice of Location, Sunset Silver Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 317.
195. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):52.
196. Bullfrog Miner, 6 July 1907.
197. Inyo Register, 25 March 1909; Rhyolite Herald, 7 April 1909.
198. Milo Page, "Old Panamint History," in Inyo Register, 19 July 1906. Inyo Independent, 5 December 1874. Mention was found as early as 1873 of a Blue Belle Mine in the Panamint District, but this probably refers to the property of that name situated on the east side of Marvel Canyon near the Wyoming Mine, just south of Panamint City. The Garibaldi Mine was not referred to as the Blue Bell until the early 1880s. Mining & Scientific Press, 19 July 1873, p. 87. Notice of Location, Blue Bell Mine, filed 2 January 1882, in Panamint Mining Register (1897), Book C, p. 304; In 1872 the Inyo Range contained a Blue Bell (Belle) Mine that was being worked by one or two men and occasionally reported on. Mining & Scientific Press, 3 February 1872, p. 68; By 1899 a Blue Bell Mine was operating in Snow Canyon, fourteen miles southeast of Darwin. Engineering and Mining Journal, 25 February 1899.
199. Inyo Independent, 2 January 1875; Panamint News, 9 March 1875.
200. Inyo Independent, 6 March 1875.
201. Panamint News, 9 March 1875.
202. Inyo Independent, 3 April 1875.
203. Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907; Mining & Scientific Press, 24 April 1875, p. 268.
204. Inyo Independent, 19 February 1876; 26 February 1876; 11 March 1876; Page, in Inyo Register, 19 July 1906.
205. Mining & Scientific Press, 18 March 1876, p. 181.
206. Ibid.; Coso Mining News, 29 April 1876.
207. Coso Mining News, 29 April 1876; 6 May 1876.
208. Inyo Independent, 3 June 1876.
209. Page, in Inyo Register, 19 July 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907. The property was probably abandoned around 1877, for in that year the Inyo Consolidated Silver Mining Company appeared on the Inyo Co. Delinquent Tax-List for 1876. In addition to other properties, they were being assessed for 1,500 feet at $2 per foot in the Garibaldi Mine. Inyo Independent, 3 February 1877.
210. Mining & Scientific Press, 10 May 1884, p. 324.
211. Land, Water and Mining Locations, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 316.
212. Report of the Director of the Mint (1884), p. 163.
213. Mining & Scientific Press, 10 May 1884, p. 324; Inyo Independent, 26 July 1884; 2 August 1884.
214. Inyo Independent, 22 November 1884.
215. Notice of Location, Silver Queen Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E; Notice of Location, Silver Queen Mine, in ibid., Inyo Co., Book D.
216. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Register of Mines and Minerals (1902), p. 5.
217. Engineering and Mining Journal, 25 February 1899; Inyo Register, 2 August 1906.
218. Rhyolite Herald, 3 August 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907.
219. Rhyolite Herald, 31 August 1906; 14 January 1911; Bullfrog Miner, 26 October 1907.
220. Memo, DEVA NM mining office, 6 April 1960; List of Claimants and Property, no date, DEVA NM mining office.
221. Paul H. Knowles, "Mineral Report of the Blue Bell Group, Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California," 29 March 1974, p. 11, DEVA NM mining office.
222. Coso Mining News, 29 April 1876.
223. Rhyolite Herald, 4 January 1907.
224. Inyo Register, 8 June 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 29 June 1906; Inyo Independent, 24 April 1908. One of the best known mining men of the West, Montgomery had been engaged in California and Nevada mining since 1891. He was a pioneer of Tonopah and Goldfield and also heavily interested in the Bullfrog District, where he had located the fabulous Montgomery-Shoshone Mine. Previous to this he had been involved in mining activities in Washington and Idaho.
225. Bullfrog Miner, 13 July 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 6 April 1906, 27 July 1906.
226. Figures given for this pipeline are at best approximations. Little agreement could be found on any of the figures relating either to the length of the pipeline (18 to 30 miles), the amount of water tapped (30 to 50 miner's inches), the amount of pressure to be sustained (350 to 800 feet per square inch), the amount of horsepower to be generated (38 to 60.h.p.), or the final cost ($250,000 to $375,000). Bullfrog Miner, 13 July, 3 August 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 3 August 1906, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 26 April, 14 December 1907; Inyo Independent, 31 January 1908; Report on Granite Contact Mines Co., 1 March 1908, MS #833 in Nevada Historical Society, Reno; Rhyolite Herald, 13 January 1909, and Pictorial Supplement, March 1909.
227. Bullfrog Miner, 13, 20 July 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 20 July 1906.
228. Bullfrog Miner, 31 August 1906.
229. Rhyolite Herald, 3 August 1906.
230. Inyo Register, 6 September 1906; Inyo Independent, 30 November 1906.
231. Rhyolite Herald, 7 September 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 5 October 1906.
232. Rhyolite Herald, 14 September 1906.
233. Ibid., 21, 28 September 1906, 15 February 1907.
234. Ibid., 28 September 1906; Inyo Register, 4 October 1906.
235. Rhyolite Herald, 2 November 1906 Bullfrog Miner, 2 November 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 16 November 1906; Inyo Independent, 16, 30 November 1906, 19 April 1907.
236. Bullfrog Miner, 30 November, 7 December 1906; Inyo Independent, 21 December 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 4 January 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 11 January 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 18 January 1907.
237. Rhyolite Herald, 18 January, 8, 15, 22 February, 22 March.
238. Bullfrog Miner, 22 February 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 15 March 1907.
239. Rhyolite Herald, 15, 22 March, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 22 February, 12, 26 April, 17, 24 May 1907; Inyo Independent, 19 April 1907. Shorty Harris was one of the miners residing at Emigrant Spring. An amusing story found in the Bullfrog Miner relates that on 7 March 1907 he was instructed at gunpoint by two desperadoes who had invaded his room in Jack Hartigan's lodging house to turn over a quitclaim deed for his interest in the Bullfrog Miner and Bullfrog Miner No. 1 claims, located on Sheep Mountain in the Wild Rose Mining District, under threat of "scattering his brains about the room." Shorty reported the deed at once to authorities in Rhyolite and it is assumed that the wrong was somehow rectified. It is one of the few instances in which Shorty seemed unable to talk himself out of a tight situation. 15 March 1907.
240. Inyo Register, 7 March 1907; Inyo Independent, 5 April 1907.
241. Bullfrog Miner, 22 February 1907; Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 9 October 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 18 October 1907.
242. Reported in the Bullfrog Miner, 12 April 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 29 March 1907.
243. Inyo Independent, 19 April 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 26 April 1907.
244. Bullfrog Miner, 12, 26 April 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
245. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
246. Inyo Independent, 19 April 1907.
248. Ibid.; Ibid., 3 May 1907.
249. Bullfrog Miner, 10 May 1907.
250. Ibid., 8 June, 7 September 1907; Inyo independent, 14, 21 June 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 22 November 1907.
251. Bullfrog Miner, 15, 22 June, 6 July, 14 September 1907; Inyo Independent, 13 September 1907.
252. Inyo Register, 17 October 1907.
253. Ibid.; Rhyolite Herald, 18 October 1907.
254. Rhyolite Herald, 25 October 1907.
255. Bullfrog Miner, 23 November 1907.
256. Rhyolite Herald, 13 December 1907.
257. Bullfrog Miner, 26 October, 14 December 1907, 25 January 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 13 December 1907, 13 January 1909; Mining & Scientific Press, 1 April 1911, p. 479.
258. Bullfrog Miner, 4 January 1908.
259. Inyo Independent, 7 February 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 28 March 1908; Inyo Register, 9 April, 25 June 1908.
260. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 20, 22, 23 April 1908; Inyo Register, 30 April 1908. Lovers of the perverse may check Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims, p. 15, for a look at the famous photo.
261. Inyo Independent, 1 May 1908. A full account of the testimony of a few principal witnesses to the shooting before a coroner's jury may be found here.
262. Inyo Register, 30 April 1908.
263. Inyo Independent, 15 May 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 23 May, 6, 20 June 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 3 June 1908.
264. Rhyolite Herald, 24 June, 29 July 1908; Mining World, 31 October 1908, p. 682.
265. Inyo Independent, 31 July, 4 September 1908; Inyo Register, 6 August 1908; Engineering and Mining Journal, 15 August 1908, p. 345.
266. Inyo Independent, 4 September 1908.
267. Ibid., 11 December 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 10 March 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 13 March 1909.
268. Inyo Independent, 28 August 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 19 September 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 23 September 1908.
269. Rhyolite Herald, 14 October, 25 November 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 28 November 1908.
270. Bullfrog Miner, 28 November 1908.
271. Inyo Register, 12 November 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 14 November 1908.
272. Rhyolite Herald, 13, 20 January 1909, 8 January 1910; Inyo Independent, 5 March 1909; Inyo Register, 18 March 1909.
273. Rhyolite Herald, March 1909 (Pictorial Supplement), 21 April, 7, 31 July 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 24 April 1909; Inyo Register, 1 July 1909; Inyo Independent, 2 July 1909; Mining World, 22 January 1910, p. 172.
274. Inyo Independent, 24 September 1909.
275. Inyo Register, 28 October, 2 December 1909, 28 April, 1 December 1910; Rhyolite Herald 1, 8 January, 28 May, 27 August, 31 December 1910.
276. Mining & Scientific Press, 20 August 1910, p. 242. It should be noted also that the Granite Contact property of eight claims was still active at this time and being advertised for patent. Rhyolite Herald, 14 January 1911.
277. Rhyolite Herald, 21 January, 1 April 1911.
278. Mining World, 25 May 1912, p. 1109.
279. Engineering and Mining Journal, 5 July 1913, p. 42; 13 September 1913, p. 520; 4 October 1913, p. 665; Mining World, 4 October 1913, p. 611.
280. Mining World, 7 November 1914, p. 902.
281. J. H. Cooper, "The Skidoo Gold Mines, Data Supplemental to General Report," n.d., n.p., DEVA NM mining office.
282. Inyo Register, 21 January 1915; Engineering and Mining Journal, 20 November 1915, p. 835.
283. Engineering and Mining Journal, 22 September 1917, p. 539, 6 October 1917, p. 621; Inyo Register, 4 October 1917; Memo, Supt., DEVA NM, to Reg. Dir., 12 May 1952.
284. Perkins, White Heart of Mojave, pp. 160, 164. Could this have been Sam Adams who lived at Harrisburg?
285. Inyo Independent, 9 January 1926; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 22 of the State Mineralogist (1926), p. 473; Mining Journal, 28 February 1929, p. 33. See the following section on the Saddle Rock Mine.
286. Inyo independent, 10 April, 29 May, 10 July 1936; Memo, Robert Mitcham, "Historical Information on Del Norte and Skidoo Mines," DEVA NM mining office; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):379, 394-95, 42O21; Mining Journal, 30 June 1939, p. 24; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):43, 51.
287. Inyo Independent, 18 June, 8 October, 19 November 1937; Memo, T. R. Goodwin to Joseph E. Taylor, 13 June 1937; Roy C. Troeger to Col. John R. White, regarding application for permit to reconstruct Telescope Peak pipeline, 20 November 1937; John R. White, Memorandum regarding application of Roy Troeger to reconstruct Telescope Peak-Skidoo pipe line, Th December 1937; J. Volney Lewis, "The Application for a Permit to Re-build the Skidoo Pipe-Line in Death Valley National Monument," 5 January 1938.
288. Inyo Independent, 18 March 1938.
289. Journal of Mines and Geology, 36 (January 1940):10; Mining Journal, 15 August 1940, p. 17, 30 December 1940, p. 16; Inyo Independent, 20 December 1940.
290. Troeger to Goodwin, 11 January 1952; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):43, 51.
291. Memo, 1 March 1962, DEVA NM mining office; Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., WRO, on mining activity in Death Valley, 1 April 1971; Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 19.
292. "Field Notes of the Survey of the Mining Claim of The Skidoo Saddle Rock Mining Company Known as the Palma," Mineral Survey No. 4669, surveyed under instructions dated 2 October 1907"; "Field Notes of the Survey of the Mining Claim of The Skidoo Saddle Rock Mining Company Known as the Saddle Rock Consolidated Mine . . . , Mineral Survey No. 4670, surveyed under instructions dated 2 October 1907.
293. Bullfrog Miner, 30 November 1906; Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; Mining World, 11 May 1907, p. 606. Somewhat confusing is a January 1907 notice that Arthur Holliday, a mining and newspaper man of Los Angeles, had just purchased the interests of John A. Thompson in several claims, three of which were the Saddle Rock, Pima, and Palma. Rhyolite Herald, 11 January 1907. It is possible that Aldrich's purchase of the property was not actually consummated until spring of 1907.
294. Bullfrog Miner, 8 June 1907.
297. Plat of the Claim of the Skidoo Saddle Rock Mining Company Known as the Palma, Mineral Survey No. 4669, Surveyed October 1907; Plat of the Claim of the Skidoo Saddle Rock Mining Company Known as the Saddle Rock Consolidated Mine, Embracing the Saddle Rock Mine, Chespeak Fraction, and the Pima and K.K. Mines, Mineral Survey No. 4670, Surveyed October 1907.
298. Rhyolite Herald, 21 April 1909.
299. Inyo Independent, 27 August 1909.
301. Ibid., 16 February 1929; Long Beach (Ca.) Press-Telegram, 31 July 1929; Mining Journal, 30 August 1929, p. 33, and 30 December 1929, p. 33; World's Work, 49 (July 1930), p. 51.
302. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):39596.
303. Mining Journal, 30 July 1945, p. 20.
304. Memo, 6 April 1960; Memo, 1 March 1962; Mark Massie, "Appraisal of Patented Mining Claims, David L. Dotson Property, Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California, As of April 16, 1972," p. 10.
305. Massie, "Appraisal of . . . David L. Dotson Property," p. 10.
306. Paul H. Knowles, "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Saddlerock-Dotson Claims (Skidoo District), Death Valley National Monument, California," 3 July 1972, p. 8.
307. Inyo Independent, 11 September 1875.
310. Notice of Location, Argonaut Mine, recorded 24 March 1883, located by J. Medbury and W.L. Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co.., Book D, p. 312; Notice of Location, Jeanetta Mine, recorded 24 March 1883, located by J. Medburry (sic) and W.L. Hunter, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 311.
311. Inyo Independent, 26 July 1884.
312. Palmer, Place Names, p. 53; Notice of Location, Susan B. Anthony Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, n.p.; Notice of Location, Maud S. Mine, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book E, p. 413.
313. Mining & Scientific Press, 14 September 1889, p. 204.
314. Location Notice, Nellie Grant Mine, located 3 January 1896, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book I, pp. 45-46.
315. Proof of Labor Books, Inyo Co., Book G, p. 190.
316. According to its Notice of Location filed on 24 March 1883, the Blizzard Mine was located by Medbury and Hunter 5-1/2 miles east of Emigrant Spring on the right-hand side of a trail leading from the Mohawk (North Star) Mine to the Blue Bell (Garibaldi) Mine, and about eight airline miles north of Telescope Peak. In Inyo Co. Land, Water and Mining Claims, Book D, p. 315. An 1883. location notice for an Inyo Silver Mine states it is three miles north of Rose Spring (Emigrant Spring?) and adjoins the southeast quarter of the Virgin Mine. In ibid., p. 154.
317. Mining & Scientific Press, 10 May 1884, p. 324.
319. Inyo Independent, 22 November 1884.
320. Page, in Inyo Register, 19 July 1906.
321. Record Book F, Wild Rose Mining District, p. 509; Inyo Independent, 29 October 1927.
322. Inyo Independent, 10 December 1937; 22 April 1938.
323. Ibid., 5 August 1938; 7 April 1939.
324. Ibid., 29 March 1940; 9 May 1941; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 47 (January 1951):52-53.
325. Russ Journigan to Harold E. Thompson, Actg. Supt., DEVA NM, 11 February 1974; Evans et al., Special Report 125, pp. 17, 19; Robert Mitcham, Mining Engineer, to Supt., DEVA NM, 25 April 1975.
326. L.S. Zentner, "Mineral Report for the Tucki Group of Lode Mining Claims in Death Valley National Monument, California," 14 March 1978, p. 2.
327. Rhyolite Herald, 13 and 20 January, 1909.
329. J.J. Vance, comp., "Geographical Map of Skidoo, Wild Rose Mining District, Inyo Co. California," 1907, in Koenig, Skidoo, p. 9.
330. Chuck Gebhardt, Backpacking Death Valley (San Jose: Mastergraphics, 1975), p. 74.
331. Belden, Historical Report, p. X-13.
332. Frank A. Crampton, Deep Enough: A Working Stiff in the Western Mine Camps (Denver: Sage Books, 1956), Preface. This date is open to question. One writer has stated that Lemoigne died in June 1918 at eighty-two years of age (Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims, p. 21) while another mentions that in 1898 Lemoigne was registered in the voting precinct at Ballarat as a miner, age fifty-six (Hubbard et al., Ballarat 1897-1917, p. 71). Death Valley Scotty remarked that he died in June 1918 at the age of seventy-seven (Houston, Death Valley Scotty Told Me--, p. 85).
333. Lee, Death Valley Men, p. 171; WPA, Death Valley: A Guide, p. 32; James B. Nosser, "The Story of 'Cap' Lemoigne," in Phil Townsend Hanna et al., Death Valley Tales, Death Valley '49ers Keepsake No. 3 (Palm Desert, Ca.: Desert Magazine Press, 1955), p. 40; Crampton, Deep Enough, p. 257; Frank A. Crampton to Fred W. Binnewiess, Supt., DEVA NM, 15 May 1956. One fact supporting an earlier arrival date in America for Lemoigne is a location notice for a mine filed by him in 1880.
334. It is interesting to note here that Frank Crampton, an acquaintance and biographer of Lemoigne, asserts that he read some of these letters from Daunet to Lemoigne requesting his presence and stating his confidence in the young man's ability to instill new life into the venture. Crampton also remarks that Lemoigne did not feel Daunet was the type of person to kill himself, and always suspected he was "done in" by people interested in his borax property. Crampton to Binnewiess, 15 May 1956.
335. Lee, Death Valley Men, pp. 171-72; Nosser, in Death Valley Tales, pp. 40, 41; Inyo Independent, 28 August 1920.
336. John Southworth, Death Valley in 1849: The Luck of the Gold Rush Emigrants (Burbank: Pegleg Books, 1978), p. 118; Index to Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, p. 457, and Book E, pp. 17, 155-56, $35-36, and Land, Water and Mining Claims, Book E, p. 324.
337. Mining & Scientific Press, 12 April 1890, p. 250; Inyo Independent, 5 April 1895, and 7 February 1896.
338. Crampton to Binnewiess, 24 May 1956; Crampton, Deep Enough, p. 257.
339. Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, p. 113.
340. Pete Aguereberry, p. 126.
341. Mining & Scientific Press, 14 September 1899, p. 204.
342. Inyo Independent, 6 August 1897.
343. Ibid., 29 December 1899, and 15 April 1904.
344. Inyo Register, 26 October 1905.
345. Crampton to Binnewiess, 15 May 1956.
346. Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, pp. 119-24; Crampton, Deep Enough, n.p., contains a picture of the castle site at Garlic Spring.
347. Crampton to Binnewiess, 15 May 1956. Although Crampton insists on 1919 as Lemoigne's death date, a variety of other writers give June 1918 as the correct one. See Pipkin, Pete Aguereberry, p. 127, and also WPA, Death Valley: A Guide, p. 32; Cronkhite, Death Valley's Victims, p. 21, and Lee, Death Valley Men, p. 173, provide varying versions of this story. Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, p. 116, suggests 1917 as the date of death, with the body not being found until two years later.
348. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 90-92; Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, p. 116.
349. Houston, Death Valley Scotty Told Me--, p. 85.
350. Southworth, Death Valley in 1849, p. 116; Perkins, White Heart of Mojave, p. 138.
351. Inyo Independent, 21 February 1920.
352. Ibid., 14, 28 August, 11 September 1920; Inyo Co. Deed Book 34, p. 217; Inyo Co. Mining Locations, Book 23, pp. 579-81.
353. Inyo Independent, 28 August 1920.
354. Ibid., 2 October 1920, 1 December 1923.
356. Ibid., 28 June 1924, and 7 February, 4 April 1925.
357. Ibid., 20 March 1926, 22 May 1926; Mining Journal, 15 June 1926, p. 35.
358. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report 22 of the State Mineralogist (1926) p. 488. The Kerdell lead Mine is the property located just southeast of the Lemoigne Mine, at about 5,800 feet elevation. The property was relocated as the Lone Ear Claim on 10 December 1954 by Roy Hunter. It is accessible by trail from the Lemoigne road about 1,000 feet below the mouth of Lemoigne Canyon from the parking area. It consisted at one time of twelve unpatented claims owned by the Gold Hill Dredging Co. and was worked on beginning in March 1949 when two adits and some drifts were dug. No record of production exists. Wayne E. Hall and Hal G. Stephens, Economic Geology of the Panamint Butte Quadrangle and Modoc District Inyo County California Special Report 73 (San Francisco: Calif. Div. of Mines and Geology, 1963), p. 36, hereafter cited as Special Report 73.
359. Long, "The Woman of Death Valley," p. 63.
360. Inyo Independent, 3 September 1937; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938):443; Jenkins, Copper in California, p. 246.
361. Hall and Stephens, Special Report 73, p. 36. See chart on that page for annual production from the mine during period 1925 to 1953; Memo, 1 March 1962, DEVA NM mining office; "Geology, Ore Reserves and Development Program, Lemoigne Mining Claims, Inyo County, California," n.p., in mining office, WRO, San Francisco.
362. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 19.
363. Tweed, Cultural Resources Survey, pp. 233-41; Richard H. Brooks, Richard A. Wilson, Joseph P. King, Matt McMakin, A Historic and Prehistoric Reconnaissance of Four Mining Claims in Death Valley National Monument, Prepared for NPS, WAC, by contract with Arch. Research Center, UNLV Mus. of Nat. History, November 1977, pp. 4-5, 22-29, 40.
364. Crampton, Deep Enough, p. 257.
365. Crampton to Binnewiess, 24 May 1956.
366. Inyo Independent, 1 December 1923.
367. "Geology, Ore Reserves and Development Program, Lemoigne Mining Claims," n.p.; Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 19.
368. Crampton to Binnewiess, 15 May 1956.
SECTION III C.
1. Southern Inyo American Association of Retired Persons, Chapter 183, Saga of Inyo County (Covina, Ca.: Taylor Publishing Co., 1977), pp. 163-64. Chalfant, Story of Inyo p. 267.
2. Inyo Independent, 6 August 1897.
5. Water Location, dated 26 May 1907, in Inyo Co., Land and Water Claims, Mill Sites, Book B, p. 84; Water Location, dated 31 May 1907, in ibid.
6. The sources of these maps are unknown, having been found in a crate of papers (presumably in the monument) labeled "Unrelated to Castle." The 1927 one is supposedly a Lida quad topo map, edition of October 1931. See Wm. C. Bolton to Ross Holland, 23 March 1972.
7. James F. McAllister, Geology of Mineral Deposits in the Ubehebe Peak Quadrangle Inyo County California, Special Report 42 (San Francisco: Calif. Div. of Mines and Geology, 1955), p. 7, hereafter cited as Special Report 42.
8. Levy, Historical Background Study Illustrations 2-4.
9. Beveridge Porter Hunter to Matt Ryan, 8 January 1969, cited in ibid., p. 92.
10. Levy, Historical Background Study, p. 92.
11. Lewis E. Aubury, The Copper Resources of California Bulletin No. 50 (Sacramento: St. Prtg. Off., 1905, p. 301; Gudde, California Place Names, p. 349.
12. Inyo Independent, 17 July 1875; Mining & Scientific Press, 25 September 1875, p. 198.
13. Inyo Independent, 3 November 1875; 11 December 1875.
15. Ibid., 19 February 1897, 5 March 1897.
16. Report of the Director of the Mint (1885), p. 158; Inyo Independent, 6 August 1897.
17. Inyo independent, 20 January 1899 18 August, 1899. Extension of the Randsburg Railway still appeared a distinct possibility at this time, especially with the arrival of the line's general manager and superintendent to examine the copper mines of the Saline Valley and determine the advisability of extending their system further north. Ibid., 6 October 1899, 24 November 1899. Lands in Saline Valley had been located for borax at least as early as 1895 and borax works constructed later. The copper camps in the same area were just starting to come into their own now, four years later, spurred on by Greenwater's success, and along with the Western Borax Co., which held interests in the area, were extremely anxious to form closer ties with the Owens Valley and Keeler. Hence their determination to see a road built from Independence through Mazourka Canyon to the Saline Valley deposits. Such a project would also ameliorate somewhat the Ubehebe area's shipping problems. Ibid., 20 October, 27 October 1899.
18. Ibid., 21 July, 11 August 1899, 16 September 1904.
19. Inyo Register, 28 November 1901; Lewis E. Aubury, The Copper Resources of California Bulletin No. 23 (Sacramento: St. Prtg. Off., 1902), p. 245; Inyo Register, 4 June 1903; Inyo Independent, 5 January 1906.
20. Inyo Register, 4 June 1903.
21. Inyo Independent, 5 January 1906; Inyo Register, 30 November 1905.
22. Inyo Register, 2 August 1906; Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 April 1907.
23. Inyo Independent, 24 August 1906; Inyo Register, 13 September 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 5 October 1906; Inyo Register, 8 November 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 16 November 1906, 4 January 1907; Inyo Independent, 15 February 1907. Bonnie Claire, an important station on the Las Vegas and Tonopah and Bullfrog-Goldfield railroads, was originally referred to as Thorp's Wells and later for a short while as Montana Station by the Bullfrog-Goldfield Railroad. The name never became popular, however. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California. p. 539.
24. Bullfrog Miner, 19 April 1907.
25. Rhyolite Herald, 12 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 12 April, 19 April, 8 June 1907.
26. Inyo Register, 25 April 1907. One article stated that the Ubehebe Mining District was unique up to the fall of 1907 because there had been no instances. of claim-jumping or location conflicts. Bullfrog Miner, 21 September 1907.
27. Bullfrog Miner, 12 April, 3 May 1907; Inyo Register, 25 April 1907. Local capitalists involved in creation of the Ubehebe Mining Co. on 13 May 1907 were Jos. A. Small, president (cashier, Cook Bank of Rhyolite); A. D. Whittier, vice-president (Rhyolite artist); Hon. L. O. Ray, treasurer (millionaire Bullfrog mine owner); F.B. Anderson, secretary (Rhyolite broker). The other directors were all Goldfield and Rhyolite men.
28. Bullfrog Miner, 29 June 1907.
29. Bullfrog Miner, 29 June 1907; Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California p. 542; Inyo Register, 22 August 1907; Inyo Independent, 23 August, 30 August 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 14 September 1907; Inyo Register, 19 September 1907. Two articles found, obviously referring to Saline City, mention that the townsite of "Latimer" was being laid out in "Butte Valley." It should be noted that Illus. 5 in Levy, Historical Background Study, showing routes followed by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891 shows Racetrack Valley as Butte Valley, and this misconception was evidently perpetuated by some people. Inyo Register, 4 July 1907; Inyo Independent, 9 August 1907.
30. Bullfrog Miner, 21 September, 5 October 1907.
32. Rhyolite Herald 11 October 1907.
33. Bullfrog Miner, 12 October 1907.
34. Bullfrog Miner, 2 November, 14 December, 21 December 1907; Inyo Independent, 27 December 1907.
35. Aubury, Copper Resources of California (1908), pp. 301-10.
36. Inyo Independent, 26 June, 28 August 1908; Mining World, 11 July 1908, p. 68. As far as can be determined, the Watterson-Smith property referred to is the Ubehebe Mine. Skidoo was also experiencing a lack of power and water at this time, but of the two areas, the Ubehebe promised to develop more. rapidly because of the several companies with ample resources that were interested in her varied mineral assets of gold, silver, lead, and copper.
37. Inyo Register, 27 August, 3 September 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 9 September 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 16 January 1909; Rhyolite Herald, 24 February 1909.
38. Inyo Register, 20 October 1915; Engineering and Mining Journal, 13 November 1915, p. 818.
39. Eakle et at., Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 125; Mining Journal, 30 January 1930, p. 8.
40. The above is based on data found in McAllister, Special Report 42, pp. 17-21.
41. McAllister, Special Report 42, pp. 17, 49; Inyo Register, 2 August 1906.
42. Inyo Register, 7 March 1907.
43. Aubury, Copper Resources of California (1902), p. 246; Bullfrog Miner, 18 January 1908; Saga of Inyo County, pp. 130-31.
44. Bullfrog Miner, 5 October 1906.
45. Inyo Register, 7 March 1907.
46. Bullfrog Miner, 19 April 1907.
47. Notice of Water Location, dated 26 May 1907, in Inyo Co., Land and Water Claims, Mill Sites, Book B, p. 84.
48. Bullfrog Miner, 15 June, 22 June 1907.
49. Ibid., 18 January 1908; Inyo Register, 12 March 1908. These figures were also reported as 75.9% copper, 280 ozs. in silver, and $18 in gold by the Inyo Register, 2 April 1908.
50. Inyo Register, 2 April 1908; Inyo Independent, 28 August 1908.
51. Saga of Inyo County, p. 131; Inyo Register, 18 May 1916; McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 49.
52. Wallace, Archaeological Overview, p. 59.
53. Inyo independent, 30 December 1904; Inyo Register, 12 January 1905; Inyo Independent, 20 January 1905.
54. Inyo Independent, 3 February, 24 March 1905.
55. Sydney H. Ball, "Notes on ore deposits of southwestern Nevada and eastern California," in Contributions to Economic Geology (1905), USGS Bulletin No. 285 (Washington: GPO, 1906), p. 73.
56. Bullfrog Miner, 11 January 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 22 January 1910.
57. Bullfrog Miner, 3 May, 14 September 1907; 3 October 1908.
58. Rhyolite Herald, 1 January, 22 January 1910.
59. Inyo Register, 6 April 1916; Eakle et al., Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 125.
60. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 37 (October 1941):574. Mining Journal, 30 July 1945, p. 20.
61. Inyo Register, 24 October 1907.
62. Ibid., 7 November 1907; Inyo Independent, 27 December 1907. These claims were owned by W.W. Watterson, M.Q. Watterson, and Eugene E. Smith. Inyo Register, 30 January 1908.
63. Herbert N. Witt, M.E., "Preliminary Report on the Ubehebe Lead Mine, Inyo County, California," March 1949, p. 3; Bullfrog Miner, 15 February 1908.
64. Inyo Register, 2 April 1908; 9 April 1908.
65. Mining World, 11 July 1908, p. 68. The mining journals were often delayed in their reporting of mining news, and it is assumed by the writer that this reference does not imply the formation of another later partnership. The discrepancy in company names is by no means unusual.
66. Inyo Independent, 28 August 1908.
68. Inyo Register, 21 October 1915; Engineering and Mining Journal, 13 November 1915, p. 818.
69. Inyo Register, 23 March 1916; Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine," p. 1.
70. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist (1917), p. 109; Smith, Mineral Resources, p. 24.
71. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 47.
72. Inyo Independent, 16 October 1920, 8 January 1921.
73. Ibid., 7 October 1922; 24 November 1923; 26 January 1924; 24 January 1925.
74. Mining Journal, 15 March 1928, p. 29; Earl B. Young (Combined Metals Reduction Co.), to E. H. Snyder, 21 May 1946; McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 4; Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine," p. 2.
75. Mining Journal, 30 January 1930, p. 8; Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine," p. 2.
76. Witt, "Preliminary Report on the Ubehebe Lead Mine," pp. 1, 3; Young to Snyder, p. 2; Inyo Independent, 30 April 1937, 18 February 1938.
77. Inyo Independent, 20 May 1938; Mining Journal, 15 June 1938, p. 23; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938), p. 456.
79. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 4.
80. Witt, "Preliminary Report on the Ubehebe Lead Mine," pp. 1-5.
81. Joseph J. Snyder, Pres., Ubehebe Lead Mines, Inc., to James B. Thompson, Supt., DEVA NM, 16 October 1973.
82. Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine," p. 2.
83. Inyo Register, 9 May 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 26 April, 29 June, 6 July 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 18 October 1907.
84. Bullfrog Miner, 14 December, 28 December 1907.
85. Inyo Register, 12 March 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 14 March, 28 March 1908.
86. Bullfrog Miner, 13 February 1909; Inyo Independent, 19 February 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 27 February 1909; Rhyolite Herald, 3 March 1909; Engineering and Mining Journal 20 March 1909, p. 624.
87. Rhyolite Herald, 21 August 1909.
88. Ibid., 4 November 1911, 6 January 1912.
89. Mining World, 9 September 1916, p. 469.
90. Inyo Register, 25 January, 15 March 1917. Notice of a water application was found filed by Charles E. Knox of the Montana-Tonopah Co., for 20 miner's inches from Willow and Alkali springs to be conveyed by an 8-mile-long pipeline to a quartz mine in the Ubehebe Mining District at a cost of $2,000. Inyo Independent, 16 March 1917.
91. Eakle et al., Mines and Mineral Resources, pp. 75-77; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report Twenty-two of the State Mineralogist (1926), pp. 470-71; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 34 (October 1938):406. Herman Albert, who worked at the Lost Burro for a short time, mentions a "nice little settlement of tents with board floors and walls all set up and furnished ready for occupancy" in which miners of the Montana-Tonopah Co. would live while working the mine. Odyssey of a Desert Prospector (Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1967), pp. 234-35. Witt, in his "Preliminary Report on the Ubehebe Lead Mine," (1949), states that "At the old Los Burros [sic] Mine, some twelve miles east [of the Ubehebe Mine] is a spring which once supplied a forty ton gold mill operated many years ago by the Tonopah Mining Co." Pp. 2-3. It would appear, therefore, that the mill did function for a short period at least.
92. Inyo Independent, 8 September 1928.
93. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 44; Notices of Location, Lost Burro #1 and #2 lode mining claims, located 3 November 1948, Vol. 59, pp. 41-42, Inyo Co. Courthouse; Notice of Location, Gold Belt Mill Site, located 18 December 1948, Vol. C, p. 535, Inyo Co. Courthouse.
94. Wm. C. Thompson to Supt., DEVA NM, 16 January 1978. Thompson's dates seem open to question.
95. Wm. C. Thompson to Sen. John V. Tunney, 22 March 1975; Thompson to Supt., DEVA NM, 16 January 1978; Thompson to The President (via Repr. Shirley N. Pettis), 19 October 1977.
96. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 44.
97. Bullfrog Miner, 15 June 1907.
98. Eakle et al., Mines and Mineral Resources p. 102; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report of the State Mineralogist (1926), p. 496; C.. George Lippincott, Jr., to Bob Mitchum [sic] 11 July 1974.
99. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 29.
100. Mining Journal, 30 November 1942, p. 24, and 15 November 1943, pp. 20-21.
101. Mining Journal, 30 March 1946, p. 22.
102. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 47 (January 1951):73-74; A.E. Bernard (State Inspector of Mines), Nevada Mines Mills and Smelters in Operation as of December 1, 1953 p. 10; State Inspector of Mines, Report 1953-54 p. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 29.
103. Donald M. Spalding, Supt., DEVA NM, to C. George Lippincott, Jr., 29 December 1977.
104. McAllister, Special Report 42, pp. 29, 31; Walter Gould, "Mineral Report for the Lead King, Lead King No. 1, Lead King No. 3 through Lead King No. 8 Lode Mining Claims and the Lippincott Millsite Claim in Death Valley National Monument, California," 29 March 1978, p. 1.
105. McAllister, Special Report 42, pp. 18, 29.
106. Mining Journal, 30 June 1945, p. 20.
107. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 47.
108. A.H. Chidester, A.E.J. Engel, and L.A. Wright, "Talc resources of the United States," USGS Bulletin No. 1167 (Washington: GPO, 1964), Table 9, hereafter referred to as USGS Bulletin No. 1167; Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 43.
109. F.A. Spicker, "Mineral Report for the White Horse Talc #1, White Horse #2, White Horse Talc #3, White Horse Talc #4 Unpatented Lode Mining Claims in Death Valley National Monument, California," 16 June 1978, p. 1; Carl A. Stadler, "The Geology of the Goldbelt Spring Area, Northern Panamint Range, Inyo County, California," MS thesis, University of Oregon, 1968, cited in ibid., p. 3.
110. Stadler, "The Geology of the Goldbelt Spring Area," in F.A. Spicker, "Mineral Report for the Gold Belt Talc No. 1, Gold Belt Talc No. 2, Gold Belt Talc No. 3 Unpatented Lode Mining Claims and the Gold Belt Millsite in Death Valley National Monument, California," 16 June 1978, p. 2; Chidester et al., USGS Bulletin No. 1167, Table 9.
111. Rhyolite Herald, 10 March 1909; Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 26 May 1909.
112. Mining Journal, 30 January 1927, p. 36.
113. Inyo Independent, 5 February 1927.
114. Mining Journal, 15 February 1927, p. 31.
115. Ibid., 15 March 1927, p. 34; Inyo Independent, 7 May 1927.
116. Inyo Independent 4 June 1927.
117. Ibid., 11 June 1927. Efforts to locate a copy of this plat in either the Inyo Co., California, recorder's office or in that of the Esmeralda Co., Nevada, clerk and recorder were fruitless. The only Skookum Mining District known about in the latter state is the district by that name in Lander Co., outside Austin.
118. Mining Journal, 30 June 1927, p. 31. This is not to be confused with the Skookum-Bullfrog Group of claims in the Bullfrog District near Gold Center, which were active much earlier, about 1906 to 1907.
119. Ibid., p. 32; 15 July 1927, p. 30.
120. Inyo Independent, 20 November 1926. Messrs. Logan, McNamara, Traynor, and Maloney later became directors of Death Valley Gold Mines, Inc., the Nevada organization incorporated in November 1926 that carried out initial explorations in the area that later was designated the Skookum Mining District.
121. Mining Journal, 15 August 1927, p. 30.
122. Inyo Independent, 17 September 1927.
123. Mining Journal, 30 October 1927, p. 34.
124. Inyo Independent, 3 December 1927.
125. From MS, Hank Johnston, Death Valley Scotty: The Man and the Myth, Chapter 7, pp. 2-3, in history files, DSC.
126. Inyo Independent, 25 February 1928.
SECTION III D.
1. Inyo Independent, 8 January 1927.
2. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 124.
3. In 1933 when Death Valley became a national monument, the well site was marked by the present iron pump and masonry curbing. Bob Eichbaum guarded the original stovepipe and displayed it for a time at his Stovepipe Wells resort. After being lost for a short period, the relic was relocated and displayed again at the dedication of an official state historical plaque at the old well site on 10 November 1968 during the 19th annual Death Valley Encampment. San Bernardino (Ca.) Sun, 8 November 1968.
4. Bullfrog Miner, 10 August 1906.
6. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907. According to Death Valley Scotty's reminiscences, water and feed for pack animals and -freight teams cost 50¢ a head, and a shot of whiskey for, thirsty drivers and prospectors cost the same. Houston, Death Valley Scotty Told Me-- p. 88.
7. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907.
8. Inyo Independent, 8 and 29 August 1925. Eichbaum's two-route proposal had included plans for a toll road beginning at the south end of the valley and going north via Bennett's Well and Furnace Creek Ranch clear up to Mesquite Spring in the north end of the valley. This route was violently opposed by the U.S. Borax Company employees, who were frequent users of it. Mary De Decker, The Eichbaum Toll Road Death Valley '49ers Keepsake No. 10 (San Bernardino, Ca.: Inland Printing & Engraving Co., 1970), n.p.
9. Inyo Independent, 10 October 1925.
13. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 112.
14. Inyo Independent 20 November 1926; "Death Valley's load to Nowhere," in World's Work 49 (July 1930): 51.
15. Inyo Independent 27 November 1926, and 24 November 1928.
16. Shorty Harris and John Cyty became almost regulars around the ranch, even participating in some of the Easter sunrise services initiated later. See Inyo Independent, 7 April 1928.
17. Letter quoted in De Decker, Eichbaum Toll Road n.p.
18. Inyo Independent 26 March 1927.
20. People attracted to 'the 1928 observance were witness to the inaugural flight by women over Death Valley. Inyo Independent, 14 April 1928. After Death Valley became a national monument in 1933 the sunrise services continued under the sponsorship of the NPS.
21. Inyo Independent 29 October 1927.
24. John R. White, Supt., DEVA NM, to Chief Engineer Kittredge, Office of National Parks, 'Buildings & Reservations, 31 October 1933.
25. Inyo Independent 23 September 1966.
26. World's Work, 49 (July 1930):51.
27. Inyo Independent, 27 November 1926.
28. Ron Miller, Fifty Years Ago at Furnace Creek Inn, Death Valley '49ers Keepsake No. 17 (Pasadena: The Castle Press, 1977), p. 7; Inyo Independent, 8 January 1927; Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 115; Papke, Guidebook, p. 20; Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, p. 610.
29. Miller, Fifty Years, p. 7; Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 115-17; Inyo Independent, 29 May 1936.
30. Miller, Fifty Years, p. 9; Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 116-17; Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, p. 611; Inyo Independent, 11 December 1926, 8, 22, and 29 January 1927.
31. Miller, Fifty Years, p. 7; Inyo Independent, 8, 22 January 1927; Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 115-16.
32. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 117-19. See Fred Harvey Fact Sheet available at the Inn and Ranch for a brief history of both structures. Some discrepancies in dates will be noted; Inyo Independent, 26 February 1937.
33. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 118-19; Inyo Independent, 8 May 1936; Fred Harvey Fact Sheet on Furnace Creek Inn and Ranch.
34. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California, p. 611.
35. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 120-21; Inyo Independent, 14 November 1931.
36. Water was provided to the plant by means of an air-pipe that lay uncovered on top of the ground, and living quarters were provided for the borax workers, skinner, and swampers. The ranch was only needed, therefore, to supply foodstuffs. John R. Spears, "Through Death Valley," in California Illustrated Magazine (February 1893), p. 317.
38. Crampton, Deep Enough, Preface.
39. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Third Annual Report of the State Mineralogist for the year Ending June 1, 1883 (Sacramento: James J. Ayers, 185, p. 32.
40. Spears, Illustrated Sketches, pp. 36-37.
41. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 6.
42. Inyo Independent, 9 February 1906.
43. Ibid.; Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 6 July 1907.
44. Steward, Basin-Plateau Aboriginal Sociopolitical Groups, pp. 91-92.
45. Cited in Hunt, Archeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, p. 12.
47. Perkins, White Heart of Mojave, p. 120.
48. Bullfrog Miner, 9 November 1907; Inyo Register, 20 February 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 15 February 1908.
49. Bullfrog Miner, 22 February 1907.
50. Ibid. This amount of acreage is doubtful, since the irrigation ditches could never have supplied enough water to cultivate so large an area.
51. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 140; Inyo Independent, 13 May 1922.
52. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 140-41; John L. Von Blon, "A 'Garden of Atlah' in Death Valley," in Scientific American (April 1926), pp. 242-43; Edmund C. Jaeger, ed., The Desert in Pictures published for Palm Springs Desert Museum by Desert Magazine Press, n.d., p. 41; Inyo Independent, 26 February 1937.
53. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 123; Fred Harvey Fact Sheet on Furnace Creek Inn and Ranch; C.A. Schoil, "Historical Facts in the Development of Furnace Creek Inn and Furnace Creek Ranch," typescript in history files, DSC; Inyo Independent 11 December 1936, 23 July 1937, and 29 September 1939.
54. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 123; Fred Harvey Fact Sheet on Furnace Creek Inn and Ranch; Inyo Independent, 26 April, 10 May 1940.
55. San Bernardino (Ca.) Sun, April 1969.
56. Rhyolite Herald, 22 December 1905; Inyo Independent, 9 February 1906.
57. Bullfrog Miner, September 1907, in Harold Weight and Lucile Weight, Rhyolite: The Ghost City of Golden Dreams (Twentynine Palms, Ca.: The Calico Press, 1970), p. 13.
58. Weight and Weight, Rhyolite p. 14. The exact extent of ownership of each of these parties in. the Nevares Spring property has yet to be determined. Time did not permit exhaustive research on this subject in the course of this study. Nevares and Beatty evidently filed a joint water right on the spring.
59. Rhyolite Herald, 19 August 1908.
61. John R. White, Supt., DEVA NM, to Dir., NPS, 25 October 1937.
62. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, p. 6.
63. Hunt, Archeology of the Death Valley Salt Pan, pp. 7, 163.
SECTION III E.
1. Inyo Register, 11 November 1909.
2. Several sources have been drawn upon for this capsulized history of the borax industry in the Death Valley region. Among them are: Marius R. Campbell, "Reconnaissance of the borax deposits of Death Valley and Mohave desert," USGS Bulletin No. 200 (Washington: GPO, 1902), pp. 7-8; Hoyt S. Gale, "The Lila C. borax mine at Ryan, Cal.," in Mineral Resources of the United States Calendar Year 1911 (Washington: GPO, 1912), p. 861; Evans et al., Special Report 125, pp. 21-22; Weight, Twenty Mule Team Days pp. 37-38; Spears, Illustrated Sketches p. 62; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Third Annual Report of the State Mineralogist (1883), pp. 26-30, 36; Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California p. 609; "100 Years of U.S. Borax, 1872-1972," in Pioneer (1972), passim.
3. "Organization and Laws of Monte Blanco Borax and Salt Mining District, Inyo Co., California, Furnace Creek Cannon [sic], Inyo Co., State of California, November 3rd, 1882," in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D. See Appendix C for a full copy of the by-laws.
4. By-Laws of Death Valley Borax and Salt Mining District, 25 May 1883, in Land, Water and Mining Claims, Inyo Co., Book D, pp. 345-49. See Appendix D for a full copy of this document.
5. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 35-36, 107-8; Glasscock, Here's Death Valley, pp. 270-71.
6. Rhyolite Herald 22 January 1910.
7. Inyo Independent 29 October 1921, also 17 December 1921 and 6 May 1922.
8. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 23; Glasscock, Here's Death Valley, pp. 271-74.
9. William Frederick Foshag, "Famous Mineral Localities: Furnace Creek, Death Valley," in American Mineralogist 9 (January 1924): 8-10.
10. Clarence Wendel, Special Report on Borate Resource: A Supply and Marketing Study (San Francisco: NIPS Mining and Minerals Division [Washington Office], 1978), pp. 26, 29.
11. Gower, 50 Years in Death Valley, pp. 108-9.
SECTION IV A.
1. Russel R. Elliott, Nevada's Twentieth-Century Mining Boom: Tonopah Goldfield Ely, (1966), pp. vii-viii, 1-2.
2. Shorty Harris, "Half a Century Chasing Rainbows," Touring Topics, October 1930, pp. 18-20. Rhyolite Herald, 29 March 1907.
3. Inyo Independent, 30 September, 21 October, 18 November, 23 December 1904; 27 January, 5 May 1905. Inyo Register, 20 October 1904; 16 March, 30 March 1095; Rhyolite Herald, 5 May 1905.
4. Rhyolite Herald, 5 May, 2 June, 18 August 1905. Bullfrog Miner, 9 June 1905. Walter N. Frickstad, A Century of Nevada Post Offices, (1958), pp. 4, 24. S. H. Ball, A Geologic Reconnaissance in Southwestern Nevada and Eastern California, USGS Bulletin #308, (1907), p. 25.
5. Bullfrog Miner, 23 March 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 27 April 1906; Mining World, 5 May 1906, p. 564. David F. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California Vol. II, (1963), p. 478.
6. Inyo Register, 7 Feb 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 8 February, 29 March 1907. Rhyolite Herald Pictorial Supplement, March 1909. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 23 September, 16 October 1907. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada, II, 517, 556. Harold O. Weight, Rhyolite: The Ghost of Golden Dreams (1953), pp. 18-26.
7. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 19 October 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 7 December 1907. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1907 Assessment Rolls, Nye County, Rhyolite.
8. Mining World, 4 Jan 1908, p. 41. Bullfrog Miner, 29 February, 2 May, 3 October 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 30 December 1908; Pictorial Supplement, March 1909. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada II, 484. Weight, Rhyolite, pp. 18, 33, 35.
9. Bullfrog Miner, 9 & 30 January, 27 February, 8 & 22 May 1909; Rhyolite Herald, 14 August 1909. Melvin Owen Warns, The Nevada "Sixteen National Banks and Their Mining Camps (1974), p. 87. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1909 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite. Mining World, 22 January 1910, p. 193.
10. Rhyolite Herald, 25 March 1911. Warns, Nevada's "Sixteen National Banks, p. 87. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1910 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite; 1911 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite. Mining World, 27 January 1912, p. 228.
11. Rhyolite Herald, 22 June 1912. Inyo Register, 30 July 1914; 7 December 1916. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1920 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
12. B.F. Couch and J.A. Carpenter, "Nevada's Metal and Mineral Production, 1859-1940," University of Nevada Bulletin #37 (1943), pp. 111-112.
13. Rhyolite Herald Pictorial Supplement, March, 1909. Lucien M. Lewis, "He was in on the Bullfrog Jackpot," Desert Magazine December 1946, pp. 20-21. Tom G. Murry, "Letters From a Death Valley Prospector," Desert Magazine June 1963, pp. 8-11. Carson City Land Office, Mineral Survey #2294.
14. Inyo Independent, 25 Nov 1904. Mining & Scientific Press, 26 November 1904, p. 362. Engineering and Mining Journal, 23 March 1905, p. 594. Rhyolite Herald, 26 May, 23 & 30 June, 14 & 21 July 1905.
15. Frederick L. Ransome, Preliminary Account of Goldfield, Bullfrog and Other Mining Districts in Southern Nevada USGS Bulletin 4303, (1907), pp. 41, 53.
16. Bullfrog Miner, 12 Jan, 9 & 23 March, 3 August, 28 September 1906. Mining World, 27 January 1906, p. 158. Rhyolite Herald, 9 March, 20 April, 18 May 1906.
17. Rhyolite Herald, 26 October, 14 December 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 26 October, 16 & 23 November, 7, 14 & 28 December 1906. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1906 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
18. Rhyolite Herald, 4 January 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 30 November 1906, 27 July, 31 August, 14 December 1907. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1907 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
19. Bullfrog Miner, 2 May, 18 April, 11 July 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 11 April 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 3 June, 4 November 1908. F.L. Ransome, et al, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Bullfrog District Nevada USGS Bulletin 11407 (1910), p. 122. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1908 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite.
20. Rhyolite Herald Pictorial Supplement, March 1909, 2 October 1909; 4 June 1910, 20 & 27 April 1912. Mining World, 27 June 1914, p. 1219. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1909-1917 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 32, p. 74. Nye County Deed Book, Vol. 22, pp. 537-66.
21. Mining Journal, 15 May 1926, p. 37; 30 July 1927, p. 30; 30 September 1940, p. 28; 20 March 1941, p. 22. Leslie C. Mott, Mining Activities and Sales Opportunities in the State of Nevada, Los Angeles County Chamber of Commerce, Domestic Trade Report #66, (1937), p. 26. Victor E. Kral, "Mineral Resources of Nye County, Nevada," University of Nevada Bulletin #45 (January 1951), p. 35. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1926-1978 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite and Beatty.
22. Murray, "Letters From a Death Valley Prospector," p. 8.
23. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, 1905-1910.
24. Carson City Land Office, Plat of the Bullfrog Extension Mining Company. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Foreign, #8-1905. Rhyolite Herald 2 June, 13 October, 17 November 1905; 1 June, 14 September, 26 October, 14 & 28 December 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 12 January, 4 May, 1 June 1906. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1906 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite. Handbook on Nevada Mines pub. by Goldfield News (1906), p. 12.
25. Rhyolite Herald, 4 January, 22 February, 1 November 1907; 2 December 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 29 March, 6 April, 4 May 1907. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1907 and 1908 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite.
26. Rhyolite Herald, 9 June, 2 October, 11 & 25 December 1909; 17 December 1910; 2 September 1911. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1909-1910 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite.
27. Rhyolite Herald, 13 October, 8 December 1905; 5 & 26 January, 2 March, 27 April, 14 September, 26 October, 16 November 1906; Pictorial Supplement, March 1909. Bullfrog Miner, 30 March 1906. P. LaMontagne, Nevada the New Gold State: An Up-to-Date Description of the Mining Interests of Tonopah, Goldfield, Bullfrog, Diamondfield, Goldreef, etc., (1905), p. 47. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1906 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
28. Rhyolite Herald, 4 January 1907; 4 January 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 29 March, 4 May 1907.
29. Carson City Land Office, Plat of the Bullfrog Fraction, Survey #2496. Rhyolite Herald, 4 May, 16 & 23 June, 4 August 1905; 27 July, 31 August, 3 October, 2 November 1906. Nye County Recorder's Office, Deed Books, Vol 13, p. 395.
30. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Foreign, #281r1905. Rhyolite Herald, 17 November, 15 December 1905; 4 May 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 6 April, 4 May 1906. Handbook on Nevada Mines, p. 10.
31. Bullfrog Miner, 18 May, 5 October 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 1 June, 27 July, 31 August, 19 October, 9 November 1906.
32. Rhyolite Herald, 4 January, 8 February 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 8 February, 22 February, 3 May 1907.
33. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 6, p. 35. Rhyolite Herald, 27 October, 3 November 1905. Bullfrog Miner, 12 January 1906.
34. Rhyolite Herald, 9 February, 2 March, 7 September 1906; 4 January, 5 April 1907; 16 December 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 13 & 20 April, 1 June 1906; 29 March 1907.
35. Rhyolite Herald, 30 June 1905; 4 January, 5 April 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 25 May 1906; 11 January, 8 March 1907. Handbook of Nevada Mines p. 16. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 11, p. 285.
36. Bullfrog Miner, 5, 12, 19, & 26 October, 2 November, 21 December 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 25 October 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 1, & 8 November, 1907; 4 March, 7 October 1911. Nevada--The Mineral Empire Souvenier of the American Mining Congress (1909), #57-58.
37. Carson City Land Office, Plat of the Bullfrog West Extension Mining Company, Survey 112590. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Foreign, j6-1905. Rhyolite Herald, 13 October 1905; 22 March 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 29 March 1907.
38. Rhyolite Herald, 4 & 18 May, 28 September, 2 & 16 November, 14 December 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 5 & 26 October, 23 & 30 November 1906.
39. Bullfrog Miner, 11 & 25 January, 22 February, 1, 8 & 15 March 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 25 January, 15 February, 8 March 1907. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Foreign, 58-1/2-1907.
40. Rhyolite Herald, 22 & 29 March, 19 April 1907. Bullfrog Miner 29 March, 5 April, 3 May, 22 June, 7 August 1907.
41. Bullfrog Miner, 31 August, 7 September 1907; 18 January, 1 February 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 29 November, 20 December 1907. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1907 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
42. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 5 February, 23 & 30 March, 27 April 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 8 February, 7, 14, 21 & 28 March, 4 April, 2 May 1908. Nye County Recorder's Office, Deeds, Vol. 19, p. 373.
43. Bullfrog Miner, 9 & 16 May, 13 June, 1 August, 5 September, 3 October 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 5, 19 & 26 August 1908. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1907 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
44. Bullfrog Miner, 3 October, 7, 14, 21 & 28 November 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 4 November 1908. Mining World, 17 October 1908, p. 621. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1908 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite. Carson City Land Office, Record of Patent, #88070.
45. Bullfrog Miner, 16 & 30 January, 7 August, 11 & 25 September 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 24 March 1909: Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 30 March 1909. Mining World, 11 December 1909, p. 1159. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1909 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
46. Rhyolite Herald, 1 January, 18 June, 5 November 1910. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Foreign, #6-1/2-1905. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1910 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
47. Rhyolite Herald, 1 April, 7 October, 25 November, 9, 23 & 30 December 1911. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1911 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
48. Rhyolite Herald, 13 January, 10 & 17 February, 2, 9, 23 & 30 March, 6 & 20 April, 25 May, 15 & 22 June 1912.
49. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1911-1922 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite.
50. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1923-1978 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite.
51. K. R. Casper, "The Bullfrog Bonanza," p. 323. Rhyolite Herald, 26 May 1905. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Foreign, #32111905.
52. Rhyolite Herald, 26 May, 16 June, 21 July, 1 September, 13 & 27 October, 17 & 24 November 1905. Engineering and Mining Journal, 6 July 1905, p. 13.
53. Rhyolite Herald, 5, 19 & 26 January, 2 & 9 February, 2 & 30 March 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 9, 16, 23 & 30 March 1906.
54. Rhyolite Herald, 6, 13 & 27 April, 4, 18 & 25 May, 8 June 1906. Mining World, 16 June 1906, p. 735. Bullfrog Miner, 6 & 27 April, 18 May 1906. Nye County Recorder's Office, Deed Book, Vol. 16, p. 276.
55. Rhyolite Herald, 29 June, 6 July, 21 September, 12 October 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 11 & 20 May, 30 November 1906. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1906 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
56. Rhyolite Herald, 4 & 11 January, 1, 8 & 15 February 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 8 & 15 February, 29 March, 22 June, 20 July, 24 & 31 August, 7 September 1907. Mining World, 23 March 1907, p. 402.
57. Bullfrog Miner, 14 & 28 September, 26 October 1907. Mining World, 21 September 1907, p. 492. Rhyolite Herald, 8 November, 6, 13 & 20 December 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 25 & 30 September, 8 & 31 October, 27 November, 16 & 28 December 1907; 10 January 1908.
58. Bullfrog Miner, 11 & 18 January, 1, 22 & 29 February, 14 & 28 March, 4, 11 & 25 April 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 4 March, 18 April 1908.
59. Rhyolite Herald, 6 & 27 May, 12 August, 2 & 30 September, 23 & 30 December 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 21 March, 27 June, 19 September 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 18, 24, 26 & 31 December 1908. Ransome, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Bullfrog District p. 123.
60. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 6 & 21 January 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 6 January, 25 December 1909; 11 June 1910; 14 January, 4 February, 8 April 1911. Bullfrog Miner, 9 January, 6 & 13 February 1909. Mining World, 3 April 1909, p. 656. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1909-1922 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite.
61. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1923-1978 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite and Beatty.
62. Inyo Independent, 3 March 1905. Rhyolite Herald, 29 September 1905.
63. Rhyolite Herald, 27 October, 17 November, 1 December 1905; 5, 12, & 19 January, 30 March, 20 April 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 6, 13 & 20 April 1906.
64. Bullfrog Miner, 11, 25 May, 13 July, 7 September, 26 October, 9 & 16 November, 7 & 14 December 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 18 May, 1 June, 1 & 17 August, 2 November, 14 & 21 December 1906. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1906 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Foreign, #2071_1907.
65. Rhyolite Herald, 8 February, 15 & 29 March, 5 April 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 8, 15 & 29 March, 5 & 26 April, 10 & 24 May 1907.
66. Bullfrog Miner, 20 & 27 July, 1, 17 & 24 August, 7 & 21 September, 12 & 19 October, 2 & 23 November 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 25 October, 22 & 29 November, 6 December 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 9 & 22 October, 22 & 23 November, 3 & 4 December 1907.
67. Bullfrog Miner, 7, 14 & 28 December 1907; 18 & 25 January, 8 & 29 February, 28 March, 18 April, 2, 16 & 30 May, 6 June 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 13 & 27 December 1907; 29 April, 20 & 27 May, 3 June 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 28 December 1907; 3 March 1908. Mining World, 4 April 1908, p. 578.)
68. Bullfrog Miner, 20 June, 22 August, 12 & 19 September, 17 November, 5 & 12 December 1908; 2 January 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 24 June, 8 & 29 July, 5 & 26 August, 2, 23 & 30 September, 14 October, 11 & 25 November, 2, 23 & 30 December 1908; 13 January 1909.
69. Rhyolite Herald, 30 December 1908; 13, 20 & 27 January, 3 & 17 February, 10 & 24 March 1909. Bullfrog Miner, 2, 23 & 30 January, 13 & 27 February, 27 March, 17 & 24 April 1909. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 20 January, 10 March, 4 & 19 April 1909.
70. Rhyolite Herald, 21 April, 5 & 12 May, 31 July 1909. Bullfrog Miner, 24 April, 15 May, 19 June 1909. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 11 May 1909. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1908 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
71. Rhyolite Herald, 31 July, 14 & 28 August, 2 October, 1909; 2 July 1910; 21 January, 25 March, 21 October, 11 & 18 November, 9, 16 & 30 December 1911. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1909-11 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite; 1911 Delinquent Assessment Roll.
72. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1913-1978 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite, Beatty. Mining World, 27 January 1912, p. 228; 17 February 1912, p. 408. Rhyolite Herald, 18 May, 25 May, 1 June 1912. Mining Journal, 30 January 1929, p. 40; 30 September 1940, p. 28; 30 April 1941, p. 23. M.J. Brown, "Mining Activities and Sales Opportunities in the State of Nevada," Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, Domestic Trade Report #56 (1935), p. 8. Leslie C. Mott, "Mining Activities and Sales Opportunities in the State of Nevada," Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, Domestic Trade Report 4*66, (1937), p. 29. Victor E. Kral, "Mineral Resources of Nye County, Nevada," University of Nevada Bulletin 4#45 (1951), pp. 36-37.
73. Rhyolite Herald, 2 July 1910. B. F. Couch and J.A. Carpenter, "Nevada's Metal and Mineral Production, 1859-1940," University of Nevada Bulletin #37 (1943), pp. 117-118.
74. Rhyolite Herald, 20 July, 17 August, 14 September, 12 & 19 October, 2, 9 & 16 November, 28 December 1906; 4 & 11 January, 15 March, 5 April 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 17, 24 & 31 August, 28 September, 2, 9 & 30 November 1906; 4 January, 15 & 29 March, 24 May, 29 June 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 21 January 1909. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1907-1912 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite.
75. David F. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California 2 vols., 1962-1963. Myrick's volumes on Nevada's railroads are indispensable to an understanding of the transportation system of Nevada at the turn of the century, and have been heavily relied upon herein. Unless otherwise noted, material in this section has been drawn from Myrick's work, especially his chapters on the Tonopah and Goldfield, the Bullfrog Goldfield, the Las Vegas & Tonopah, and the Tonopah & Tidewater Railroads. I will take this opportunity to acknowledge my debt to him.
76. Bullfrog Miner, 11 July 1908; 2 January, 20 February, 20 March 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 17 & ?4 March, 31 July 1909. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 10 March 1908. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1907 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
77. Inyo Register, 30 July 1914.
78. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1919 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
79. Betty J. Tucker, "Death Valley's Titus Canyon," Desert Magazine, April 1971, pp. 26-27.
80. Rhyolite Herald, 8 & 22 December 1905; 2 February, 23 March, 18 May 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 23 March 1906. Mining World, 19 May 1906, p. 620. Handbook on Nevada Mines p. 20.
81. Inyo Independent, 15 August 1925; 30 January, 6 February 1926. Mining Journal, 30 September 1925, p. 37; 30 December 1925, pp. 35-36; 15 January 1926, p. 24. Harold O. Weight, "Leadfield Died of Complications,". Desert Magazine. November 1977, pp. 34, 36-37.
82. Inyo independent, 20 February, 6 March 1926. Owens Valley Herald was quoted in Inyo Independent of 20 February 1926; Mining Journal, 15 February 1926, p. 31; 28 February 1926, pp. 20, 37; 15 March 1926, pp. 37-38. Weight, "Leadfield Died of Complications," pp. 36-37.
83. Inyo Independent, 20 March, 1926. Mining Journal, 20 March 1926, p. 16. Weight, "Leadfield Died of Complications," p. 37. Leadfield Chronicle, 22 March 1926, as quoted in C. B. Glasscock, Here's Death Valley (1940), pp. 280-283.
84. Mining Journal, 15 April 1926, pp. 35-36; 30 April 1926, p. 35. Inyo Independent, 17 & 24 April, 8 May 1926. Tonopah Mining Reporter quoted in Inyo Independent, 24 April 1926. Weight, "Leadfield Died of Complications," pp. 35, 37. Plat of Leadfield Townsite, 30 April 1926, Inyo County Court House.
85. Inyo Independent, 8 & 22 May, 7 & 27 August 1926. Mining Journal, 15 May 1926, p. 35; 30 May 1926, p. 35; 15 June 1926, p. 35; 30 June 1926, pp. 35-37; 15 July 1926, pp. 16-17, 37; 30 July 1926, pp. 37-38; 30 August 1926, p. 35; 30 October 1926, p. 31. Weight, "Leadfield Died of Complications," p. 39. Glasscock, Here's Death Valley, p. 284.
86. Inyo Independent, 12 February, 12 March 1927; 28 April 1928. Mining Journal, 15 February 1927, p. 31; 30 June 1927, p. 29. Memorandum, Superintendent of Death Valley National Monument to Director, National Park Service, 6 April 1960. Weight, "Leadfield Died of Complications," pp. 39-40.
87. "Mineral Resources of Inyo County," California Journal of Mines and Geology October 1938, p. 443. Weight, "Leadfield Died of Complications," p. 39. XXII Report, California State Mineralogist, October 1926, p. 504.
88. Rhyolite Herald, 7 & 14 July, 13 & 27 October, 3 & 17 November, 8 & 15 December 1905. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 6, p. 503. F. L. Ransome, et al., Preliminary Account of the Goldfield Bullfrog and Other Mining Districts of Southern Nevada p. 62.
89. Rhyolite Herald, 12 January, 2, 9, & 23 March, 6, 13 & 27 April, 4 May, 17 August, 14 & 28 September, 19 & 26 October, 2 November, 28 December 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 23 & 30 March, 25 May, 5 October, 16 & 23 November 1906.
90. Rhyolite Herald, 4 & 11 January 1907; 2 December 1908; 31 December 1910; Bullfrog Miner, 29 March, 24 May 1907; 7 March 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 21 January 1909. Victor E. Kral, "Mineral Resources of Nye County, Nevada," p. 36.
91. Rhyolite Herald, 19 April 1907; 13 November 1909; 4 February 1911. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 25 January 1908; 24 March 1909. Bullfrog Miner, 4 January 1907; 19 September 1908. W. C. Mendenhall, Some Desert Watering Places in Southeastern California and Southwestern Nevada USGS Water Supply Paper #224 (1909), p. 89.
92. E. E. Stuart, Nevada's Mineral Resources (1909), p. 27. W. C. Mendenhall, Some Desert Watering Places in Southeastern California and Southwestern Nevada, p. 89.
93. Victor E. Kral, "Mineral Resources of Nye County, Nevada," p. 36. Memorandum, Superintendent of Death Valley National Monument to Director of the National Park Service, 6 April 1960. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1942-1952 Assessment Rolls, Beatty.
94. Victor E. Kral, "Mineral Resources of Nye County, Nevada," p. 36.
95. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1931-1947 Assessment Rolls, Beatty.
SECTION IV B.
1. Mining World, 20 January 1906, p. 59. Mining & Scientific Press, 29 August 1908, p. 298.
2. San Bernardino Argus, 10 July 1873. San Bernardino Guardian, 16 August, 1 November 1873. Inyo Independent, 29 September 1905. Bullfrog Miner, 23 March 1906.
3. Inyo Independent, 21 April, 5 May, 29 September, 3 November, 15 December 1905. Rhyolite Herald, 20 October, 8 & 22 December 1905. S. H. Ball, A Geologic Reconnaissance in Southwestern Nevada and Eastern California, USGS Bulletin #308, (1907--field work done in June-December 1905), p. 173. Map, Gold Center: The Future City of the Bullfrog Mining District, Nevada, 1905.
4. Bullfrog Miner, 12 January, 9 & 23 March, 1 June, 13 July 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 19 January, 9 February, 13 & 20 April, 4 May, 1 & 8 June, 6 July 1906. Mining World, 7 July 1906, p. 23.
5. Bullfrog Miner, 15 February, 20 April, 14 December 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 5 April, 20 December 1907; 4 December 1909. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 26 December 1907.
6. Rhyolite Herald, 1, 15 & 22 January, 12 & 26 February, 30 March, 30 April, 28 May, 25 June, 30 July, 6, 13 & 20 August, 3 & 10 September, 15 October 1910.
7. Rhyolite Herald, 8 & 15 April, 2 & 20 May, 12 August, 2 September, 28 October, 11 November, 23 December 1911; 10 February, 30 March, 8 June 1912.
8. Arthur S. Eakle, et at., "Mines and Mineral Resources of Alpine County, Inyo County, Mono County," USGS Bulletin #285, (1917), pp. 72-73. Inyo Independent, 8 April, 2 September 1922; 20 November 1926; 1 August, 21 November 1931. Mining Journal, 15 November 1928; p. 32; 15 December 1928, p. 30; 15 June 1941, p. 22; 15 November 1941, p. 20. M. J. Brown, Mining Activities in Central and Southern Nevada (1935), p. 7. California Journal of Mines & Geology, October 1938, pp. 391-92; October 1957, pp. 461-62. Memorandum, Superintendent Death Valley National Monument to Director National Park Service, 6 April 1960.
9. Inyo Register, 19 May, 30 June, 4 August 1904. Inyo Independent, 20 & 27 May, 24 June, 29 July 1904; 3 March 1905.
10. Engineering & Mining Journal, 17 April 1905, p. 837. Inyo Independent, 16 June, 3 November 1905. Inyo Register, 27 Jul 1905. Rhyolite Herald, 15 & 22 September, 3 November, 15 December 1905.
11. Bullfrog Miner, 12 January, 30 March, 6 & 27 April 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 26 January, 23 February, 2 & 30 March, 6 April 1906. Inyo independent, 23 February 1906. Inyo Register, 15 March 1906.
12. Rhyolite Herald, 27 April, 4 May, 8 & 29 June 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 4 & 11 May, 17 August 1906; 14 September 1907. Inyo Independent, 14 September 1906.
13. Rhyolite Herald, 28 September, 21 December 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 2 November, 7 December 1906.
14. Rhyolite Herald, 4 & 18 January, 8 February, 29 March, 5 & 12 April, 25 October, 1, 15 & 29 November, 6 December 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 1 February, 8 March, 5 April, 10 May, 6, 13 & 27 July, 10 & 17 August, 7, 14 & 28 September, 12 & 26 October, 16 November 1907. Inyo independent, 10 May 1907. Mining World, 20 July 1907, p. 121. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 27 September, 14 October, 12 November 1907.
15. Bullfrog Miner, 7 & 21 December 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 27 December 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 12 November 1907. Inyo Register, 14 November 1907.
16. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 9 January, 5, 15, 20 & 28 February, 20 & 31 March 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 11 January, 8 February, 7 & 28 March 1908. Inyo Register, 13 February 1908.
17. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 4 & 6 April, 4 May 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 4 & 18 April, 2 & 9 May, 6, 13 & 27 June 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 29 April, 6 & 20 May, 3 & 24 June, 8 & 29 July, 5 August 1908.
18. Rhyolite Herald, 5 & 26 August, 23 September, 7 October 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 15 & 29 August, 5 September, 3 October 1908. Mining & Scientific Press, 29 August 1908, p. 298. Engineering & Mining Journal, 5 September 1908, pp. 487-88.
19. Rhyolite Herald, 14 & 28 October, 11 & 18 November, 2 December 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 17 & 31 October, 7 & 21 November 1908. Inyo Register, 12 & 19 November 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 5 December 1908. Goldfield Chronicle quoted in Rhyolite Herald of 14 October 1908.
20. Bullfrog Miner, 5 & 19 December 1908; 2 & 23 January, 6 February, 6 & 20 March 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 16 & 30.December 1908; 6 January, 10 & 24 February, 10, 17 & 24 March 1909; Pictorial Supplement, March 199. Inyo Register 24 December 1908. Engineering & Mining Journal, 9 January 1909, p. 120. Mining World, 30 March 1909, p. 190. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 1 March 1909.
21. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 13 & 14 April, 22 May 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 14 & 21 April, 5, 19, & 26 May, 2 June 1909. Bullfrog Miner, 24 April, 22 May 1909.
22. Rhyolite Herald, 23 June, 7 & 31 July, 14 August, 2, 23 & 30 October, 13, 20 & 27 November, 18 & 25 December 1909; 8 January, 12 & 26 February 1910. Bullfrog Miner, 12 & 19 June, 10 & 31 July, 14 August, 4 & 17 September 1909.
23. Rhyolite Herald, 5 February, 5 March, 9 & 23 April, 7 May, 4 & 11 June, 23 July, 10 September, 1 & 29 October, 17 December 1910. Inyo Register, 11 August, 20 October 1910. Mining World, 21 January 1911, p. 152.
24. Rhyolite Herald, 15 April, 13 & 20 May, 3 & 24 June, 1, 8 & 15 July, 5 & 12 August, 2, 16 & 30 September, 21 & 28 October, 11 November 1911; 6 January 1912. Inyo Register, 25 May, 28 September 1911; 8 February 1912. Mining World, 27 January 1912, p. 207. California Journal of Mines & Geology, October 1938, pp. 402-03.
25. Rhyolite Herald, 27 January, 10 & 24 February, 9, 16 & 23 March, 6, 13 & 27 April, 18 & 25 May, 1, 8 & 22 June 1912. Happily, the Rhyolite Herald did not survive to see the closure of the Keane Wonder Mine, for the Herald had itself closed on June 22, 1912. Mining World, 24 February 1912, p. 471. Inyo Register, 25 April, 22 August 1912.
26. Inyo Register, 5 June 1913 1 & 29 January, 19 February, 4 June 1914; 25 November 1915. Mining World, 12 July 1913, p. 74; 2 January 1915, p. 34; 13 November 1915, p. 786; 27 November 1915; p. 868; 18 December 1915, p. 990; 5 February 1916, p. 296; 29 July 1916, p. 205. 15th Report of the California State Mineralogist, December 1917, p. 79. California Journal of Mines & Geology, October 1938, pp. 402-03.
27. Edna Perkins, White Heart of the Mojave, p. 101. 22d Report of the California State Mineralogist, October 1926, p. 470. Mining Journal, 30 August 1930, p. 36; 30 April 1940, p. 20; 30 September 1940, p. 22; 15 June 1941, p. 22; 30 March 1942, p. 21. M. J. Brown, Mining Activities in Central and Southern Nevada, p. 8. Coen correspondence, June 1935 to November 1937, Death Valley National Monument, Mining Office Files. T. B. Nolan, "Nonferrous-metal Deposits," USGS Bulletin #871 (1936), p. 36. Inyo independent, 18 March 1938; 17 May 1940; 20 June, 25 July 1941. California Journal of Mines & Geology, October 1938, pp. 402-03; July-October 1957, p. 481. Desert Magazine, May 1942, pp. 5-7. Memorandum, Superintendent of Death Valley National Monument to Director, National Park Service, 6 April 1960. David Jones, "Appraisal of Mineral Interest Inherent in the Keane Wonder Patented Mining Property," National Park Service, April 1971.
28. Inyo Independent, 5 February, 1 April, 3, 17 & 24 June, 8 July 1904. Inyo Register, 30 June, 4 August 1904.
29. Rhyolite Herald, 22 September, 3, 17 & 24 November, 1 & 22 December 1905. Inyo Independent, 3 November 1905. Inyo Register, 23 November 1905.
30. Rhyolite Herald, 5 & 12 January, 21 September, 19 October, 14 & 31 December 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 30 March, 6 April, 9 November, 7 & 14 December 1906. Inyo Independent, 15 June 1906.
31. Rhyolite Herald, 4, 11 & 18 January, 1 February, 1 March, 5 April, 29 November 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 11 January, 8 February, 13 July, 23 November 1907. Mining World, 20 April 1907, p. 518. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1907 Assessment Roll, Rhyolite.
32. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 14 February, 23 April, 1 May 1908. Inyo Independent, 17 April 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 18 April, 19 September, 19 October 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 19 August 1908.
33. Bullfrog Miner, 16 January, 14 & 28 August 1909. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 20 January 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 24 February, 17 March, 9 June, 30 October 1909; Pictorial Supplement, March 1909.
34. Rhyolite Herald, 1 January, 26 February, 30 April, 4 June 1910; 29 April, 20 May, 26 August, 9 September, 21 October 1911; 27 January 1912. Inyo Independent, 18 February, 1 July 1910; 7 June 1912. Inyo Register, 10 May, 16 June 1910. Engineering & Mining Journal, 18 June 1910, p. 1292. Mining World, 24 February 1912, p. 471.
35. Coen Correspondence, 1935-37, Death Valley National Monument, Mining Office files. Inyo Independent, 8 March 1940. Mining Journal, 15 March 1940, p. 20. California Journal of Mines & Geology, July-October 1952, p. 454. R. L. Richie, The Directory of Nevada Mines (1940), p. 15.
36. Rhyolite Herald, 25 November, 2 December 1908; 7 & 21 April, 20 & 27 November, 25 December 1909. Bullfrog Miner, 28 November, 26 December 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 23 December 1908; 5 March, 5 April, 18 May 1909. Inyo Independent, 27 November, 4, 18 & 25 December 1908; 26 March, 9 April, 14 May, 25 June, 19 November 1909; 18 February, 1 April 1910. Inyo Register, 8 April 1909; 24 & 31 March 1910. "The People of the State of California vs. John Cyty," copy of appeal, November 12, 1909, District Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, State of California.
37. Rhyolite Herald, 4 February, 11 March, 1, 15 & 22 April, 12 August, 16 September, 14 October, 25 November 1911. Mining & Scientific Press, 1 April 1911, p. 475.
38. Edna Perkins, White Heart of the Mojave, pp. 104-05. Inyo Independent, 27 November, 11 December 1926. Nye County Recorder's Office, 1921-1944 Assessment Rolls, Rhyolite, Beatty.
39. Inyo independent, 18 August, 29 September 1905. Rhyolite Herald, 13 October 1905. Bullfrog Miner, 18 January 1908.
40. Rhyolite Herald, 11 August 1905; 26 January, 9 February, 2 March, 3 August 1906; 4 & 25 January, 8 & 29 March, 12 April, 11 October 1907; 30 September, 30 December 1908; 24 March, 14 April, 28 August 1909; 26 February, 30 April, 20 August, 2 December 1910; 4 May, 28 October 1911. Bullfrog Miner, 16 & 23 March, 6, 13 & 27 April, 7 September 1906; 29 March, 15 June, 20 July, 21 December 1907; 21 March, 2 April, 26 December 1908; 20 February, 13 March, 10 July 1909. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 26 September 1907. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol. 8, pp. 248, 513. Handbook on Nevada Mines p. 21.
41. Inyo Independent, 29 July 1904. Rhyolite Herald, 8 December 1905; 5 & 26 January, 16 & 30 March, 13 April, 11 May 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 12 January, 9, 16, 23 & 30 March, 6, 13, 20 & 27 April, 4 & 11 May, 3 August, 7 September 1906.
42. Rhyolite Herald, 4 January, 27 December 1907; 11 November 1908; 18 January 1910; 27 January 1912. Bullfrog Miner, 1 February, 8 March, 14 & 28 December 1907; 19 October 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 22 January 1908.
43. Rhyolite Herald, 22 November 1907; 10 June, 15 & 29 July, 19 & 26 August, 9, 16 & 30 September, 14 & 21 October, 18 & 25 November 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 8 & 24 February 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 14, 21 & 28 March, 4, 11 & 18 April, 2, 16, & 30 May, 6 & 13 June, 1 & 15 August, 3 & 10 October, 7, 14, 21 & 28 November 1908.
44. Bullfrog Miner, 5 & 26 December 1908; 2 & 9 January, 20 & 27 March, 17 April, 8 May, 31 July 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 2, 9 & 16 December 1908; 6, 13 & 27 January, 3 & 31 March, 7 & 28 April, 5, 12 & 19 May, 16 October 1909; 19 February, 1 & 29 October 1910. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 11 & 26 December 1908; 8 April 1909.
45. Bullfrog Miner, 19 September, 26 December 1908.
46. Rhyolite Herald, 15 December 1905; 19 January 1906; 17 March, 19 May, 9 June, 7 August 1909; 7 & 28 May, 11 & 25 June, 27 August, 10 September 15, October 1910; 29 April, 24 June 1911; 10 February, 4 May 1912. Bullfrog Miner, 27 April 1906.
47. Memorandum for File, Robert Mitchum, Death Valley National Monument, Mining Office, 10 June 1975.
48. Inyo Independent, 2 February 1878. Bullfrog Miner, 23 February, 16 & 23 March, 20 April, 28 September 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 23 March, 20 April, 21 September 1906; 31 March, 21 April, 9 October 1909; 15 October 1910; 15 April 1911; 3 February 1912. Inyo Register, 24 May 1906. S. H. Ball, A Geologic Reconnaissance in Southwestern Nevada and Eastern California, p. 174. Coen Correspondence, Death Valley National Monument, Mining Office Files, 1935-1937.
49. Inyo Independent, 31 March, 20 October 1905. Bullfrog Miner, 8 February 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 6 October, 7 November 1905; 22 February 1907.
50. Bullfrog Miner, 12 January, 23 March, 13 & 20 April,30 November, 21 December 1906. Rhyolite Herald 5 January, 23 February, 13 April, 29 June, 19 October, 9 & 16 November,21 December 1906. Inyo independent, 3 August 1906. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol. 9, p. 412.
51. Rhyolite Herald, 4, 18 & 25 January, 1, 15 & 22 February, 8, 15 & 22 March, 5 & 26 April, 18 October, 8 & 15 November, 6 & 20 December 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 4 January, 1, 8, 15 & 22 February, 1 & 8 March, 5, 12 & 19 April, 3, 10, 17 & 24 May, 8 June, 6 & 20 July, 3, 24 & 31 August, 14 September, 5 & 12 October, 28 December 1907. Inyo Independent, 24 May 1907. University of Nevada, Reno, Manuscripts Collection #NC35, Account Book of John S. Cook Bank.
52. Bullfrog Miner, 4, 11, 18 & 25 January, 1, 11 & 29 February, 7 March, 18 April, 8 & 15 August, 3 October 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 10 June, 2 September, 4 November, 2 & 9 December 1908. Inyo Independent, 8 May 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 10 December 1908. Death Valley Magazine, January 1908.
53. Bullfrog Miner, 6 February, 1 May, 14 August, 11 September 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 13 January, 26 May, 4 September, 6 November 1909; 26 February, 10 September 1910; 28 January, 25 February, 2 December 1911; 6 & 13 January, 27 April 1912. Inyo Independent, 8 May 1909, 7 June 1912. Inyo Register, 2 June, 11 August, 8 September, 20 October 1910; 28 September 1911; 7 June 1912. Mining Journal, 30 June 1940, p. 41. Mining World, 11 January 1913, p. 74. California Journal of Mines & Geology, October 1938, p. 395. Index to Proof of Labor, Inyo County Recorder's Office, Lee Jumbo Mining Company, 17 June 1909.
54. Bullfrog Miner, 30 November 1906; 4 January, 1 & 15 February, 1 & 8 March, 3 May 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 4, 11 & 25 January, 1, 8 & 15 February, 1 & 22 March, 5 & 19 April 1907. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 June 1907. Plat of Lee Townsite, 5 March 1907.
55. Bullfrog Miner, 19 April, 3 & 17 May, 15 & 29 June, 20 & 27 July, 3, 10, & 17 August 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 26 April 1907. Inyo Independent, 26 April, 10 May, 28 June, 2 August 1907.
56. Bullfrog Miner, 21 & 28 September, 12 & 26 October, 16 November 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 11 & 18 October, 20 & 27 December 1907. Pacific Miner, November 1907, pp. 14-15.
57. Inyo Register, 20 October 1910; 1 June, 28 September 1911. Rhyolite Herald, 10 Jun, 11 & 25 November, 2 December 1908; 28 January 1911; 13 January 1912.
58. Inyo Independent, 2 March 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 23 February, 23 March 1906; 8 & 15 February, 1 & 15 March 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 23 February 1906; 1, 8, 22 & 29 March 1907. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Foreign: #2001/2-1907.
59. University of Nevada, Reno, Manuscripts Collection #NC-35, Account book of John S. Cook bank. Inyo Independent, 2 August 1907. Daily Bulletin, 26 October 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 5 & 12 April, 22 November, 6 December 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 5 April, 3, 10, 17 & 24 May, 8, 15 & 22 June, 6, 20 & 27 July, 3 & 17 August, 7, 14, & 21 September, 5 & 18 October, 16 November, 21 December 1907.
60. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 28 December 1908. Engineering & Mining Journal, 25 January 1908, p. 230. Mining World, 1 February 1908, p. 231. Inyo Independent, 31 May, 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 18 January, 13 June, 5 December 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 29 April, 10 June, 9 December 1908.
61. Bullfrog Miner, 9 January, 6 February, 10 & 24 April, 14 August 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 3 February 1909.
62. Rhyolite Herald, 19 February, 5 & 19 March, 23 April, 14 & 21 May, 18 June, 2 July, 13 August, 10 September, 15 October, 26 November, 17 December 1910; 11 March, 2 December 1911; 6 January 1912. "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Hayseed-Stateline Group at Lee Camp, California," Paul H. Knowles, National Park Service, San Francisco, June 23, 1972. Death Valley National Monument, Mining Office files.
63. Rhyolite Herald, 26 May, 14 July, 11 August, 3 November, 22 December 1905; 12 January 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 12 January 1906; 1 March 1907.
64. Rhyolite Herald, 2 February, 2 March, 20 April, 8 June, 31 August, 28 September, 19 October, 9 November 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 6 April, 17 August 1906.
65. Rhyolite Herald, 4 & 18 January, 1, 8, 15 & 22 February, 15 March, 5, 12 & 26 April, 6 & 13 December 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 8 & 22 February, 1 & 8 March, 5 & 12 April, 17 May, 29 June, 3 & 31 August, 21 September, 5 & 12 October 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 24 September 1907. Inyo Register, 12 September 1907.
66. Harpers Weekly Advertiser, 11 April 1908, p. 35. Bullfrog Miner, 28 March, 11 July, 7 November 1908; 24 April, 14 August, 4 & 11 September 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 10 June, 1 26 August 1908; 7 April, 20 November 1909; 1 January 1910; 27 January 1912.
67. Inyo Independent, 8 September, 13 October 1928; 6 August 1937; 18 March 1938, 10 February 1939, 9 August 1940. California Journal of Mines & Geology, October 1938, pp. 399-401; January 1940, p. 24. Memorandum, Death Valley National Monument Superintendent to Director, National Park Service, April 1960. "Appraisal of Mineral Interests Inherent in the Inyo Mines Claim Group," National Park Service, January 1975.
68. Rhyolite Herald, 28 December 1906; 11 & 18 January, 22 February, 5 & 26 April 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 28 December 1906; 4, 11 & 25 January, 1 & 22 February, 1, 8, 15 & 29 March, 12 April 1907. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 10, p. 397. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 15 March, 1 June 1907. University of Nevada Reno, Manuscripts Collection #NC35, Account Book of John S. Cook bank.
69. Rhyolite Herald, 22 March, 26 April 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 3 May 1907. Inyo Independent, 10 May 1907.
SECTION IV C.
1. Inyo Independent, 5 & 19 May, 9 June, 8 September 1905; Bullfrog Miner, 2 November 1906.
2. Inyo Independent, 9 June, B September, 15 December 1905; 31 May 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 23 June 1905; 16 March, 4 May, 23 June 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 9 & 30 March, 4 May, 1 June, 1 & 13 July 1906. Inyo Register, 31 May, 12 July 1906. Engineering & Mining Journal, 2 June 1906, p. 1068. Mining World, 17 March 1906, p. 365,
3. Bullfrog Miner, 13, 20 & 27 July, 3, 10, 17, 24 & 31 August 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 20 & 27 July, 3, 10, 17 & 31 August 1906. Inyo Independent, 3, 10, 24 & 31 August 1906. Inyo Register, 16 August 1906. Greenwater Times, 23 October 1906. Engineering & Mining Journal, 18 August 1906, p. 319. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 9, pp. 199, 245, 270. Inyo County Courthouse, Plat of Greenwater, 13 August 1906.
4. Inyo Register, 6 & 20 September 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 7, 21 & 28 September 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 14, 21 & 28 September 1906. Inyo Independent, 14 & 21 September 1906. Mining World, 5 September 1906, p. 359. Engineering & Mining Journal, 22 September 1906, p. 559. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 9, pp. 219, 322, 358.
5. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 January 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 5 & 26 October, 2, 9, 16 & 23 November, 7, 14, 2 & 28 December 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 12, 19 & 26 October, 2 November, 14 December 1906. Inyo independent, 12 & 26 October, 30 November, 21 December 1906. Inyo Register, 15 November, 20 & 27 December 1906. Greenwater Times, 23 October, 6 November 1906. Engineering & Mining Journal, 27 October 1906, p. 787; 24 November 1906, p. 989; 15 December 1906, pp. 1105-6; 22 December 1906, p. 1187. Beatty Bullfrog Miner, 8 December 1906. Mining World, 15 December 1906, pp. 719-21. University of Nevada, Reno, Manuscripts Coll. #NC35, Account of Pittsburgh-Greenwater Mining Company with John S. Cookbank of Rhyolite. California Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 197, p. 156. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 9, pp. 435, 587, 634, 697; Vol 10, pp. 7, 10, 54, 81, 97, 103, 290; Articles of Incorporation, Foreign: #103r1906, 170-1/2-1906, 3161/2-1906.
6. Rhyolite Herald, 28 December 1906; 4 January, 8 February 1907. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 & 15 January, 1 & 15 February 1907. Inyo Independent, 4 & 18 January 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 11 & 25 January, 8, 15 & 22 February 1907. Engineering & Mining Journal, 12 January 1907, pp. 77-82, 107; 26 January 1907, p. 205; 2 February 1907, p. 304; 16 February 1907, p. 349. Mining World, 26 January 1907, pp. 138, 144. Inyo Register, 31 January 1907. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 10, p. 429. Inyo County Courthouse, Plat of New Greenwater, 11 January 1907. C. G. Glasscock, Gold in Them Hills, (1932), p. 269. Greenwater Times and Greenwater Miner quoted in Inyo Register, 31 January 1907. Goldfield Gossip quoted in Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 15 February 1907.
7. Rhyolite Herald, 1 March 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 8 & 29 March, 19 & 28 April 1907. Death Valley Chuck-Walla 1 & 15 March, 1 & 15 April 1907. Inyo Register, 15 March 1907. Inyo Independent, 22 March 1907.
8. Bullfrog Miner, 1, 7 & 24 May, 8 & 29 June, 13 July, 2 & 23 November 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 13 December 1907. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 15 May, 1 June 1907. Inyo Independent, 7 & 28 June, 13 September 1907. Inyo Register, 4 July, 17 & 24 October 1907. Engineering & Mining Journal, 15 June 1907, p. 116; 19 October 1907, pp. 727, 754; 23 November 1907, p. 992. University of Nevada, Reno, Manuscript Collection #NC35, Account of Greenwater Lumber Yard with John S. Cook Bank of Rhyolite. Greenwater Times and Greenwater Miner quoted in Bullfrog Miner, 8 & 15 June 1907. Las Vegas Age quoted in Myrick, Railroads of Nevada II, 603.
9. Bullfrog Miner, 25 January, 7 March, 4 April, 6, 13 & 27 June, 8, 15 & 29 August, 3 October 1908. Rhyolite Herald 27 May, 10 & 17 June, 29 July, 9 & 30 December 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 19 & 24 February 1908. Inyo Register, 18 June 1908. Inyo Independent, 12 June 1908. Mining & Scientific Press, 29 August 1908, p. 298. Engineering & Mining Journal, 11 July 1908, p. 101. California State Mining Bureau, Bulletin #50, September 1908, pp. 299-324.
10. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 8 January, 15 & 18 February 1909. Bullfrog Miner, 6 & 20 February, 10 April, 11 September 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 1 & 17 March, 11 September 1909, Inyo Register, 4 November 1909.
11. Mining World, 22 January 1910, p. 172. Inyo Register, 2 June 1910. Rhyolite Herald, 25 June 1910. Arthur Eakle, Mines and Mineral Resources of Alpine County, Inyo County Mono County, pp. 66-69. T. B. Nolan, "Nonferrous-Metal Deposits," p. 37. C.
12. Rhyolite Herald, 23 June 1905; 16 March, 20-27 July, 3 August, 7-14 September, 12 October 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 9 March, 13 April, 18 May, 1 June, 1327 July, 17 August, 28 September, 2 November, 1906. Beatty Bullfrog Miner, 8 December 1906. Greenwater Times, 23 October, 8 November 1906. Inyo Register, 12 July, 11 October, 15 November 1906. Inyo Independent, 5 May, 9 June 1905; 31 August, 19 October, 21 December 1906. Mining World, 17 March 1906, p. 305; 15 September 1906, p. 359; 15 December 1906, pp. 719-21. Engineering & Mining Journal, 2 June 1906, p. 1068.
13. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 + 15 January, 15 February, 1 + 15 March, 1 + 15 April, 1 + 15 May, 1 June 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 4 January, 8 November, 13 December 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 11 January, 19 April, 31 May, 10 + 28 October, 9 November 1907. Inyo Register, 24 October 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 4 November 1907. Engineering & Mining Journal, 12 January 1907, pp. 77-82; 21 December 1907, p. 1189. Mining World, 21 December 1907, pp. 1087-88.
14. Mining World, 31 October 1908, p. 683. Bullfrog Miner, 25 January, 7 March, 4 + 25 April, 9 May, 6 + 13 June, 11 July, 8 + 15 August, 3 October 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 27 May, 29 July, 4 November 1908; 17 March, 19 May 1909. Inyo Register, 10 June 1910.
15. Rhyolite Herald, 4 May, 17 August, 28 September, 12 October, 28 December 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 30 March, 13 July, 10, 17 + 24 August, 7, 21 + 28 September, 5 + 26 October 1906, Inyo independent, 10 August, 21 September, 12, 19 + 26 October, 2 November 1906. Inyo Register, 12 July, 23 August, 13 September, 11 October 1906. Greenwater Times, 6 November 1906. Engineering & Mining Journal, 25 August 1906, p. 371; 15 December 1906, p. 1138. Mining World, 15 September 1906, p. 359; 15 December 1906, pp. 719-21.
16. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1+15 January, 15 February, 1 + 15 March, 15 April, 15 May 1907, Rhyolite Herald, 4 January, 1 March, 13 December 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 8 March, 19 + 26 April, 31 May, 22 June, 13 July, 2 + 9 November 1907. Inyo Independent, 8 February 1907. Inyo Register, 24 October 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 4 November 1907. Engineering & Mining Journal, 12 January 1907, pp. 77-82; 11 May 1907, p. 925; 27 July 1907, p. 182. California State Mining Bureau, Bulletin #50, September 1908, pp. 299-324.
17. Bullfrog Miner, 11 + 25 January, 7 March, 4 + 25 April, 9 May, 6 + 20 June, 11 July, 8 + 15 August 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 27 May, 10 + 17 June, 29 July, 12 August, 9 + 30 December 1908. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 24 December 1908. Inyo Register, 5 March, 18 June 1908. Engineering & Mining Journal, 11 July 1908, p. 101. Mining World, 31 October 1908, p. 683.
18. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 4 + 18 January, 15 February, 1 + 15 March, 12 April, 3 May 1909. Bullfrog Miner, 6 + 20 February, 10 April, 15 May, 11 September 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 3 + 10 March, 12 + 26 May, 24 July, 11 + 18 September, 13 November 1909; 8 + 15 January 1910. Inyo Independent, 9 April 1909. Inyo Register, 21 October, 4 November 1909; 2 June 1910. Mining World, 30 January 1909, p. 190. Fort the further adventures of the Greenwater Death Valley Copper Mines & Smelting Company and its subsidiary companies after the abandonment of the Greenwater District, see the following: Rhyolite Herald, 12 November 1910; 7 January 1911; 24 February 1912. Mining World, 21 October 1911, p. 812; 9 November 1912, pp. 858-9; 21 August 1915, p. 304.
19. Bullfrog Miner, 16 November 1906; 26 April 1907. Inyo Independent, 21 December 1906. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 January, 15 February, 1 + 15 March, 1 + 15 April, 1 May 1907.
20. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 15 February, 1 March, 15 April, May 1907.
21. Rhyolite Herald, 17 August, 21 & 28 September, 19 October, 16 November 1906. Bullfrog Miner, 24 & 31 August, 21 & 28 September, 5 October, 2, 9, 16, 23 & 30 November, 7, 21 & 28 December 1906. Greenwater Times, 23 October, 6 November 1906. Inyo Independent, 2 November 1906. Mining World, 15 December 1906, pp. 719-21. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 9, pp. 435, 676, 697.
22. Death Valley Chuck-Walla 15 February, 1 & 15 March, 1 & 15 April, 1 May, 1 June 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 15 February, 1, 8 & 29 March, 10, 17, 24 & 31 May, 8 & 15 June 1907. Inyo Independent, 10 May 1907. Inyo County Courthouse, Plat of Willow Creek townsite, 7 May 1907.
23. Bullfrog Miner, 22 June, 6, 13, 20 & 27 July, 10 & 17 August, 28 September, 5, 19 & 26 October, 2, 9, 16 & 23 November, 21 & 28 December 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 18 October, 22 November, 6 & 27 December 1907; Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 12, 16 & 30 October, 7 & 30 November, 4 & 24 December 1907. Inyo Register, 25 July 1907. Inyo Independent, 2 & 16 August, 11 October 1907. Nevada Secretary of State, Articles of Incorporation, Vol 13, pp. 77, 503; Vol 14, p. 627. Inyo County Court House, Plat of Gold Valley townsite, 4 August 1907.
24. Bullfrog Miner, 4, 11 & 25 January, 29 February, 21 & 28 March, 4 & 18 April, 9 & 30 May, 6 & 13 June 1908; 9 January 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 8 July, 9 December 1908; 1 January 1910. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 7 & 21 January, 24 February, 26 March 1908; 4 January 1909. Inyo Register, 6 February 1908. Inyo Independent, 14 February, 20 March, 3 April 1908.
25. Mining & Scientific Press, 8 May 1886, p. 310; 12 June 1886, p. 396. Mining World, 10 November 1906, p. 582; 15 December 1906, p. 720. Greenwater Times, 23 October 1906. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 June 1907. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 25 September 1907. Inyo Independent, 3 July 1908. Rhyolite Herald, 8 & 22 December 1905; 22 November 1907; 29 April, 17 June 1908. Bullfrog Miner, 7 September, 23 November, 7 December 1906; 1 February, 1 March, 10 May, 8, 15 & 29 June, 5 October, 16 November, 14 December 1907; 21 March, 2 May, 20 June 1908.
26. Greenwater Times, 23 October 1906. Mining, World, 10 November 1906, p. 582; 15 December 1906, p. 720. Inyo Independent, 21 December 1906, Engineering & Mining Journal, 22 December 1906, p. 1187. Rhyolite Herald, 22 May 1908.
27. Engineering & Mining Journal, 26 August 1908, p. 371; 13 February 1909, p. 380. Mining World, 10 November 1906, p. 582, Greenwater Times, 23 October 1906. Rhyolite Herald, 1 February, 18 October, 8 November, 27 December 1907; 29 April, 9 & 30, December 1908; 11 January, 17 February, 18 September 1909; 22 April 1911. Bullfrog Miner, 6 July, 19 October, 2 November 1907; 9 May 1908; 16 January, 22 May 1909. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 16 & 30 October 1907; 15 February 1909. Inyo Register, 14 February, 6 March 1908. Inyo Register, 8 February 1912. Memorandum, Superintendent Death Valley National Monument to Director National Park Service, 6 April 1960.
28. Inyo Independent, 2 November 1909; 12 November 1921; 5 November 1937; 31 May 1940. Inyo Register, 27 January 1912; 14 January, 29 July, 26 August 1915. Mining Journal, 15 August 1938, p. 21. California State Mineralogist, XV Report (1917), pp. 78-79; XXII Report (October 1926), p. 469. California Journal of Mines & Geology October 1938, p. 383; January 1940, p. 22; January 1951, p. 39; July-October 1959, p. 475. T. B. Nolan, "Nonferrous-Metal Deposits," p. 40. Glasscock, Here's Death Valley, pp. 252-52. Letter, Golden Treasure Mines, Inc., to Bureau of Public Roads, State of California, 15 May 1935, Death Valley National Monument, Mining Office Files.
29. Mining & Scientific Press, 18 January 1896, p. 50 16 May 1896, p. 402. Inyo Register, 28 November 1895, 2 January, 27 February, 7 May 1896; 4 February, 6 May 1897; 2 June 1910; 1 June 1911; 29 July 1913. Inyo Independent, 31 July, 2 October 1896; 26 February 1897; 14 October 1898; 12 July 1901; 10 June 1904; 28 November 1925. Mining World, 18 September 1909, p. 614; 18 March 1916, p. 580. Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 May 1907. Engineering & Mining Journal, 6 February 1897, p. 14. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 16 October 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 22 May 1909. Rhyolite Herald, 4 & 18 September, 16 October 1909. Mining Journal, 15 November 1941, p. 22. California State Mineralogist, XXII Report, 1926. California Journal Mines & Geology, October 1938, p. 393; January 1951, p. 40. R. J. Fairbanks, "My Seventy-three Years on Southwestern Deserts," Touring Topics (June 1930), pp. 20-26. W. C. Mendenhall, Some Desert Watering Places in Southeastern California and Southwestern Nevada, USGS Water Supply Paper #224 (1909), p. 39. David G. Thompson, Routes to Desert Watering Places in the Mohave Desert Region California, USGS Water Supply Paper #490-B (1921), pp. 197-99.
30. Thompson, Desert Watering Places, pp. 197-99. Margaret Long, "The Woman of Death Valley," mss, Colorado University Manuscripts Collection, #281-(8). T. S. Palmer, ed., Place Names of the Death Valley Region in California and Nevada (1948), p. 12.
SECTION IV D.
1. Inyo Independent, 9 December 1882; 2 June 1883; 26 September 1885. Enginnering and Mining Journal, 27 January 1883, p. 47; 21 April 1883, p. 226; Mining & Scientific Press, 22 March 1884, p. 212; 10 May 1884, p. 324. Report of the Director of the Mint . . . Year of 1883, p. 166. Report of the Director of the Mint . . . Year of 1884, p. 104. Ninth Annual Report California State Mining Bureau, (1889), pp. 238-39. John R. Spears, Illustrated Sketches of Death Valley . . . (1892), p. 160.
2. Index to Proof of Labor, Inyo County Courthouse, Arcturus/Ibex mine. Bullfrog Miner, 16 November 1906; 11 January, 5 & 19 April, 22 June, 31 August 1907. Rhyolite Herald, 18 January 1907, Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 May 1907, Inyo Register, 5 September 1907, Inyo Independent, 13 September 1907.
3. Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 11 October 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 19 October, 16 November, 28 December 1907; 4 January, 8 & 22 February, 14, 21 & 28 March, 25 April, 30 May, 13 June 1908. Rhyolite Herald 15 & 22 November, 27 December 1907; 3 June 1908.
4. Bullfrog Miner, 22 May 1909, Rhyolite Herald, 26 January, 2 June, 18 September, 27 November 1909; 19 February, 9 April, 26 November 1910; 28 January, 2 December 1911.
5. Engineering and Mining Journal, 20 September 1902, p. 386; Rhyolite Herald; 12 January 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 12 January 1906; Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 May 1907.
6. Rhyolite Herald, 19 January, 2 February, 12 October, 16 November 1906; 18 January, 8 February, 5 April 1907; 23 September 1908; 28 August 1909; 7 January 1911; Bullfrog Miner, 15 March, 5 April 1907; 7 March 1908; 2 May, 28 August 1909.
7. Inyo Register, 29 July, 26 August 1915. Inyo Independent, 24 March 1916; California State Mineralogist, Fifteenth Report (1917), pp. 85, 96-97; Seventeenth Report (1921), p. 287.
8. Inyo Register, 29 July 1915. Inyo Independent, 25 September 1920; 21 January 1922; 22 March 1924.
9. Lauren A. Wright, Talc Deposits of the Southern Death Valley-Kingston Range Region California Special Report #95, California Division of Mines and Geology, (1968), pp. 52-60.
10. Rhyolite Herald, 5 April 1907. Bullfrog Miner, 5 April 1907.
11. Inyo Register, 21 March 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 29 June 1907. Quote from Death Valley Magazine, February 1908.
12. Bullfrog Miner, 23 & 30 November, 28 December 1907; 25 January, 15, 22 & 29 February 1908; Inyo Register, 5 March, 16 April 1908.
13. Ward C. Smith, Mineral Resources in and Near Death Valley National Monument, (1959?), Manuscript Report, Death Valley National Monument mining files. Letter, Mineral Production Company to National Park Service, 30 March 1959, Death Valley National Monument mining files. California Mining Journal, February 1960, p. 16.
14. L. F. Noble, et al, "Nitrate Deposits in the Amargosa Region, Southeastern California," USGS Bulletin #724, (1922), p. 11. Inyo Independent, 7 & 14 February, 1896.
15. San Francisco Chronicle, 8 October 1902, p. 3; 9 October 1902, p. 6; 14 October 1902, p. 1, Inyo Register, 9 October, 27 November 1902.
16. Inyo Register, 7 December 1905; 19 April 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 15 June, 6 July 1907; Greenwater Times and Greenwater Miner, quoted in Bullfrog Miner of 15 June 1907. Inyo Independent, 11 March 1910. Noble, Nitrate Deposits," pp. 12-13.
17. Noble, "Nitrate Deposits," pp. 9, 14-15, 50, 59.
18. Lauren A. Wright, J2 of the Superior Talc Area, Death Valley California Special Report #20, California Division of Mines and Geology, (1952), pp. 1-2, 5-7, 16-22. Lauren A. Wright, Talc Deposits of the Southern Death Valley-Kingston Range Region California Special Report #95, California Division of Mines and Geology, (1968), pp. 27, 63-67, 70-73, 78.
19. Harold O. Weight, Twenty-Mule Team Days in Death Valley (1955).
20. Rhyolite Herald, 8 Dec 1905; 22 Nov 1907; David G. Thompson, Routes to Desert Watering Places in the Mojave Region California USGS Water Supply Paper #490-B, (1921), pp. 97-99.
21. See above, Saratoga talc mines section; Benjamin Levy, "Death Valley Historic Background National Park Service, (1969), pp. 157-78.
22. D. A. Hufford, Death Valley Swamper Ike's Tradition Lore, (1902), p. 18. Levy, Death Valley, pp. 157-58. A, W. Scott, Jr., "Niter Lands of California," photograph album, Death Valley National Monument Library.
SECTION V.
1. George Von der Lippe, Supt., DEVA NM, to Director, Western Archeological Center, 9 November 1979.
| <<< Previous | <<< Contents >>> | Next >>> |
deva/hrs/endnotes.htm
Last Updated: 22-Dec-2003