Fort Union Historic Resource Study

I. Manuscripts

A. National Archives, Washington

Adjutant General's Office (Record Group 94):

Appointment, Commendation, and Promotion Files
Fort Union Hospital, Consolidated Reports
Fort Union Reservation File
Letters Received Medical History, Fort Union
Orders
Outline Description of Fort Union
Post Returns: Fort Union, Fort Union Arsenal, Hatch's Ranch, Post at Las Vegas, and Post at Rayado

Department of the Interior (Record Group 48):

Letters Received

Judge Advocate General (Record Group 153):

Court-Martial HH-161, James H. Carleton
Court-Martial HH-292, George Sykes
Court-Martial QQ-448, N. A. M. Dudley
Reservation Files, Fort Union

Office of Indian Affairs (Record Group 75):

Annual Reports
Letters Received
Letters Sent

Office of Inspector General (Record Group 159):

Inspection Reports
Letters Received

Ordnance Department (Record Group 156):

Letters Received

Quartermaster General's Office (Record Group 92):

Consolidated Correspondence File, Department of New Mexico
Consolidated Correspondence File, District of New Mexico
Consolidated Correspondence File, Fort Union
Letters Received

Topographical Engineers (Record Group 77):

Letters Received
Miscellaneous Fortifications File, Cartographic Branch

United States Army Commands (Record Group 393):

Fort Union, Letters Received
Fort Union, Letters Sent
Fort Union, Miscellaneous Records
Fort Union, Orders
Fort Union, Telegrams Received
Fort Union, Telegrams Sent
Department of New Mexico, Letters Received
Department of New Mexico, Letters Sent
Department of New Mexico, Miscellaneous Records
Department of New Mexico, Orders
District of New Mexico, Letters Received
District of New Mexico, Letters Sent
District of New Mexico, Miscellaneous Records
District of New Mexico, Orders
District of New Mexico, Telegrams Received
District of New Mexico, Telegrams Sent
Ninth Military Department, Letters Received
Ninth Military Department, Letters Sent
Ninth Military Department, Miscellaneous Records
Ninth Military Department, Orders

B. Library of Congress, Washington

T. S. Jesup Papers

C. New Mexico State Records Center and Archives, Santa Fe

Apache Campaign, 1851-1852, New Mexico Territorial Archives, Microfilm, Roll 87
Court Records, First Judicial District, County of Mora, Territory of New Mexico
Thomas Keeshan File, Fort Union National Monument Collection
Masonic Lodges in the Southwest
Military History of Masonry in New Mexico, by W. Peter McAtee
Bradford L. Prince Papers
Read Collection
Scolly Grant Papers
Story of Camp Nichols by A. W. Thompson
U.S. District Court Record, Taos County, 1851-1857
Vigil Papers

D. Missouri Historical Society St. Louis

William Carr Lane Collection

E. Fort Union National Monument Archives

Roman C de Baca Interview
Richard F. King Letters
Aubrey Lippincott Interview
Elizabeth Foster Long Memoirs
William Edward Matthews Letters
Mrs. William P. Wilson Memoirs

F. Huntington Library San Marino, CA

Ritch Collection

G. New Mexico Highlands University Las Vegas, NM

Arrott Collection

H. Barker History Center, University of Texas, Austin

Simonson Papers
H. C. Wright Reminiscences

I. Bancroft Library University of California, Berkeley

Chivington, John M. "The First Colorado Regiment," MS.

J. Margaret!. King Library, University of Kentucky Lexington

Duncan, George B., "Reminiscences: 1882-1905," MS.

K. University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville

Morris Collection

L. Western Americana Collection, Yale University Library, New Haven

Courtright, Surgeon George B., "An Expedition Against the Indians in 1864," MS.
John Van Deusen DuBois Journal, Coe Manuscript No. 148
S. R. Marston Collection

M. Maryland State Archives, Annapolis

McParlin Papers

N. Detroit Public Library, Detroit, MI

Sibley Papers

O. Private Collection

Sibley Letter, Wade Shipley, Lovington, NM

II. Government Publications

Census Bureau, Seventh Census of the United States: 1850. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1853.

Heitman, Francis B. Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 2 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1903.

Laws of the Legislative Assembly of New Mexico, 1854.

Surgeon General's Office. Circular No. 1: Report on Epidemic Cholera and Yellow Fever in the Army of the United States, during the Year 1867. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1868.

Surgeon General's Office. Circular No. 4: Report on Barracks and Hospitals with Descriptions of Military Posts. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1870.

Surgeon General's Office. Circular No. 8: A Report on the Hygiene of the United States Army with Descriptions of Military Posts. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1875.

United States Congress, House Executive Documents:
No. 19, 29 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 499).
No. 1, 30 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 537).
No. 1, 31 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 570).
No. 1, 31 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 595).
No. 2, 32 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 634).
No. 1, 32 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 673 & 674).
No. 42, 36 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 1048).

United States Congress, House Reports:
No. 321, 36 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 1068).

United States Congress, Senate Documents:
No. 85, 33 Cong, 1 sess. (Serial 702).

United States Congress, Senate Executive Documents:
No. 1, 31 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 549).
No. 1, 31 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 587).
No. 1, 32 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 613).
No. 1, 32 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 659).
No. 1, 33 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 690).
No. 28, 33 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 695).
No. 1, 33 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 746 & 747).
No. 1, 34 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 810 & 811).
No. 1, 35 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 975).
No. 2, 36 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 1024 & 1025).
No. 1, 36 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 1079).

United States Congress, Senate Reports:
228, 36 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 1040).

United States Statutes at Large, V, X.

United States War Department. Revised United States Army Regulations. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1861.

United States War Department. Revised United States Army Regulations, 1863. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1863.

United States War Department. The Soldier's Handbook. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1884.

United States War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 128 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.

III. Published Primary Sources

A. Articles

Bennett, James A. "A Dragoon in New Mexico," New Mexico Historical Review, 22 (April 1947), 140-176.

Espinosa, J. Manuel. "Memoir of a Kentuckian in New Mexico," New Mexico Historical Review, 13 (January 1938), 1-13.

Greer, T. L. "Confederate Reminiscences," New Mexico Historical Review, 5 (July 1930), 321-324.

Greiner, John. "Private Letters of a Government Official in the Southwest," Journal of American History, III (October 1909), 546.

"Historical Sketch of Governor William Carr Lane Together with Diary of His Journey from St. Louis, MO., to Santa Fe, N.M., July 31st to September 9th, 1852, with Annotations by Ralph E. Twitchell," Historical Society of New Mexico, No. 20 (November 1, 1917).

Lane, William B. "Frontier Service in the Fifties," The United Service, NS, X (December 1893), 522-536, & NS XI (April 1894), 317-322.

Pettis, George H. "Kit Carson's Fight with the Comanche and Kiowa Indians," Historical Society of New Mexico, No. 12 (1908), 7-35.

Pierce, James H. "With the Green Russell Party," Trail, 14 (June 1921), 6-10.

"Report of Council Proceedings with the Jicarilla Apache Indians," New Mexico Historical Review, 4 (January 1929), 59-71.

Teel, T. T. "Sibley's New Mexico Campaign: Its Objects and the Causes of Its Failure," Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, ed. by R. U. Johnson and C. C. Buel, 4 vols. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956, II, 700.

Utley, Robert M., ed. "Captain John Pope's Plan of 1853 for the Frontier Defense of New Mexico,"Arizona and the West, 5 (Summer 1963), 149-163.

B. Books

Abel, Annie Heloise, ed. The Official Correspondence of James S. Calhoun. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1915.

Alberts, Don E., ed. Rebels on the Rio Grande: The Civil War Journal of A. B. Peticolas. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.

Averell, William Woods. Ten Years in the Saddle, ed. by Edward K. Eckert and Nicholas J. Amato. San Rafael: Presidio Press, 1978.

Barbour, Barton H., ed. Reluctant Frontiersman: James Ross Larkin on the Santa Fe Trail, 1856-57. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1990.

Barry, Louise, comp. The Beginning of the West: Annals of the Kansas Gateway to the American West, 1540-1854. Topeka: Kansas State Historical Society, 1972.

Bell, William A. New Tracks in North America, 2 vols. London: Chapman and Hall, Publishers, 1869.

Bennett, James A. Forts and Forays: A Dragoon in New Mexico, 1850-1856, ed. by Clinton E. Brooks and Frank D. Reeve. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1948.

Boyd, Mrs. Orsemus B. Cavalry Life in Tent and Field, 1894. Reprint, ed. by Darlis A. Miller, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.

Brake, Hezekiah. On Two Continents: A Long Life's Experience. Topeka: Crane & Co., 1896.

Cooke, Philip St. George. Scenes and Adventures in the Army, or Romance of Military Life. Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1857.

Coolidge, Richard H., comp. Statistical Report on the Sickness and Mortality in the Army of the United States, 1855-1860. Washington: George W Bowman, 1860.

Davis, W. W. H. El Gringo: New Mexico and Her People, 1857. Reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982.

Dillon, Richard H., ed. A Cannoneer in Navajo Country: Journal of Private Josiah M. Rice, 1851. Denver: Old West Pub. Co., 1970.

Frazer, Robert W., ed. Mansfield on the Condition of Western Forts, 1853-1854. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.

Giese, Dale F., ed. My Life with the Army in the West: Memoirs of James E. Farmer, 1858-1898, 1987. Reprint, Silver City: Dale F. Giese, 1993.

Greene, Duane Merritt. American Aristocracy: A Sketch of the Social Life and Character of the Army. Chicago: Central Publishing Co., 1880.

Gregg, Josiah. Commerce of the Prairies, 1844. Reprint, ed. by Max L. Moorhead, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.

Hammond, George P., ed. Campaigns in the West, 18S6-1861: The Journal and Letters of John Van Deusen DuBois. Tucson: Arizona Pioneers Historical Society, 1949.

Hollister, Ovando J. Colorado Volunteers in New Mexico, 1862, 1863. Reprint, Chicago: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co., 1962.

Holmes, Kenneth L., ed. Covered Wagon Women: Diaries and Letters from the Western Trails, 1840-1890, vol. II. Glendale: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1983.

Lane, Lydia Spencer. I Married a Soldier, 1893. Reprint, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987.

LaTourrette, Genevieve. Fort Union Memories. Globe, AZ: SPMA, n.d.

Lowe, Percival G. Five Years a Dragoon ('49 to '54) and Other Adventures on the Great Plains, 1906. Reprint, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.

Maury, Dabney Herndon. Recollections of Virginian in the Mexican, Indian, and Civil Wars. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1894.

Meketa, Jacqueline Dorgan, ed. Legacy of Honor: The Life of Rafael Chacon, a Nineteenth-Century New Mexican. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1986.

Meline, James F. Two Thousand Miles on Horseback, Santa Fe and Back: A Summer Tour, 1866. Reprint, Albuquerque: Horn & Wallace, 1966.

McCall, Col. George Archibald. New Mexico in 1850: A Military View, ed. by Robert W. Frazer. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.

Meriwether, David. My Life in the Mountains and Plains, ed. by R. A. Griffen. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.

Myres, Sandra L., ed. Cavalry Wife: The Diary of Eveline M. Alexander, 1866-1867. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1977.

Napton, W. B. Over the Santa Fe Trail, 1857, 1906. Reprint, Arrow Rock, Missouri: Friends of Arrow Rock, 1991.

Quaife, Milo M., ed. Kit Carson's Autobiography. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966.

Russell, Marian Sloan. Land of Enchantment, 1954. Reprint, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1989.

Schmitt, Martin F., ed. General George Crook, His Autobiography. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1946.

Simmons, Marc, ed. On the Santa Fe Trail. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1986.

Summerhayes, Martha. Vanished Arizona: Recollections of the Army Life of New England Woman, 1911. Reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979.

Thian, Raphael P., comp. Adjutant General's Department Notes Illustrating the Military Geography of the United States, 1813-1880, 1881. Reprint, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

U.S. Army Uniforms and Equipment, 1889. Reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986.

Viele, Teresa Griffin. Following the Drum: A Glimpse of Frontier Life, 1858. Reprint, ed. by Sandra L. Myres, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984.

Webb, James J. Adventures in the Santa Fe Trade, 1844-1847, ed. by Ralph P. Bieber. Glendale: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1931.

Williams, Ellen. Three Years and a Half in the Army: History of the Second Colorados. New York: Fowler and Wells Co., 1885.

IV. Newspapers

Albuquerque Journal, May 14, 1991.

Army and Navy Journal, December 14, 1889.

The Arrow-Pioneer (Wagon Mound, NM), 1888.

Cimarron News (Kenton, Oklahoma Territory), February 9, 1906.

The Daily New Mexican (Santa Fe), 1869-1877.

Denver Republican, April 20, 1890.

Las Vegas Daily Gazette, 1883-1885.

Las Vegas News, 1887.

Las Vegas Optic, 1881-1891; January 30, 1954.

National Intelligencer (Washington, D.C.), November 28, 1858.

The Republican (Niles, Michigan), December 6, 1877.

Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO), July 7, 1869.

Santa Fe Republican, July 5, 1862.

Santa Fe Weekly Gazette, 1852-1865.

Sunday Delta (New Orleans), January 5, 1862.

The Weekly New Mexican (Santa Fe), 1871-1876.

V. Secondary Studies

A. Articles

Anderson, Latham. "Canby's Services in the New Mexico Campaign," Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, ed. by R. U. Johnson and C. C. Buel, 4 vols. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956.

Bender, A. B. "Frontier Defense in the Territory of New Mexico, 1846-1853," New Mexico Historical Review, 9 (July 1934), 249-272.

_________. "Frontier Defense in the Territory of New Mexico, 1853-1861," New Mexico Historical Review, 9 (October 1934), 345-373.

________. "Government Explorations in the Territory of New Mexico, 1846-1859," New Mexico Historical Review, 9 (January 1934), 1-32.

_________. "Military Posts in the Southwest, 1846-1860," New Mexico Historical Review, 16 (April 1941), 125-147.

________. "Military Transportation in the Southwest, 1848-1860," New Mexico Historical Review, 32 (April 1957), 123-150.

Burton, E. Bennett. "The Taos Rebellion," Old Santa Fe, I (October 1913), 119.

Chavez, Fray Angelico. "Early Settlements in the Mora Valley," El Palacio, 17 (November 1955), 319.

Cook, Mary Jean. "Governor James S. Calhoun Remembered," Compadres, I (July-September 1992), 4-7.

Denslow, Ray V. et al. "Freemasonry and the Santa Fe Trail," Transactions of the Missouri Lodge of Research, VI (1948), 86-90.

Faulk, Odie B. "Confederate Hero at Val Verde," New Mexico Historical Review, 38 (October 1963), 300-311.

Foreman, Grant. "Antoine Leroux, New Mexico Guide," New Mexico Historical Review, 26 (October 1941), 367-378.

________. "Survey of a Wagon Road from Fort Smith to the Colorado River," Chronicles of Oklahoma, 12 (March 1934), 74-96.

Frazer, Robert W. "Army Agriculture in New Mexico, 1852-1853," New Mexico Historical Review, 50 (October 1975), 313-334.

________. "The Battle for Fort Union: Barclay and Doyle vs. the Army," La Gaceta, 8 (1984), 1-17.

_________. "Fort Butler: The Fort that Almost Was," New Mexico Historical Review, 53 (October 1968), 253-270.

________. "Purveyors of Flour to the Army: Department of New Mexico, 1849-1849," New Mexico Historical Review, 45 (July 1972), 213-238.

Gardner, Hamilton. "Philip St. George Cooke and the Apache, 1854," New Mexico Historical Review, 28 (April 1953), 115-132.

Kajencki, Francis C. "The Battle of Glorieta Pass: Was the Guide Ortiz or Grzelachowski?," New Mexico Historical Review, 62 (January 1987), 47-54.

Kelley, J. Charles. "Factors Involved in the Abandonment of Certain Peripheral Southwestern Settlements," American Anthropologist, NS, 54 (July 1952), 384-385.

Kenner, Charles L. "The Great New Mexico Cattle Raid, 1872," New Mexico Historical Review, 37 (October 1962), 243-259.

Machen, George L. "Brief History of Union Lodge No. 4, Wagon Mound, New Mexico," The New Mexico Freemason, 2 (September 1937).

Martin, Calvin. "The Metaphysics of Writing Indian-White History," Ethnohistory, 26
(Winter 1981), 158.

Miller, Darlis A. "Foragers, Army Women, and Prostitutes," New Mexico Women: Intercultural Perspectives, ed. by Joan M. Jensen and Darlis A. Miller. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1986, 141-168.

________. "Hispanos and the Civil War in New Mexico: A Reconsideration," New Mexico Historical Review, 54 (April 1979), 105-123.

________. "The Perils of a Post Sutler: William H. Moore at Fort Union, New Mexico, 1859-1870," Journal of the West, 32 (April 1993), 7-18.

________. "The Role of the Army Inspector in the Southwest: Nelson H. Davis in New Mexico and Arizona, 1863-1863," New Mexico Historical Review, 59 (April 1984), 137-164.

Mumie, Nolie. "John Milton Chivington: The Misunderstood Man," Denver Westerners Brand Book, XII (1956), 133.

Murphy, Lawrence R. "Rayado: Pioneer Settlement in Northeastern New Mexico, 1848-1857," New Mexico Historical Review, 46 (January 1971), 37-56.

Myers, Harry C. "The Founding of Loma Parda, New Mexico," Wagon Tracks, 7 (August 1993), 11-12.

Neeley, James Lee. "The Desert Dream of the South," The Smoke Signal, Fall 1961, 1-19.

Oliva, Bonita M. and Leo E. Oliva. "A Few Things Marian Sloan Russell Never Told or Never Knew about Her Mother and Father," Wagon Tracks, 7 (February 1993), 1, 6-8.

Oliva, Leo E. "Fort Atkinson on the Santa Fe Trail, 1850-1854," Kansas Historical Quarterly, XL (Summer 1974), 212-233.

________. "The Santa Fe Trail in Wartime: Expansion and Preservation of the Union," The Mexican Road: Trade, Travel, and Confrontation on the Santa Fe Trail, ed. by Mark L. Gardner. Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University Press, 1989), 53-58.

Perrigo, Lynn I. "The Spanish Heritage of New Mexico," Historia, 2 (October 1952), 196-218.

"The 'Pet Lambs' at Glorieta Pass," Civil War Times Illustrated, 15 (November 1976), 30-37.

Pitcaithley, Dwight T. "The Third Fort Union: Architecture, Adobe, and the Army," New Mexico Historical Review, 57 (November 1982), 123-137.

Riffe, Noreen S. "More on Eliza St. Clair Sloan Mahoney," Wagon Tracks, 7 (May 1993), 10.

Simmons, Marc. "The Wagon Mound Massacre," The Mexican Road: Trade, Travel, and Confrontation on the Santa Fe Trail, ed. by Mark L. Gardner. Manhattan, KS: Sunflower Press, 1989, 45-52.

Spencer, Elma Dill Russell. "Famous Fugitives of Fort Union," New Mexico Historical Review, 32 (January 1957), 1-9.

Taylor, Morris F. "Campaigns Against the Jicarilla Apache, 1854," New Mexico Historical Review, 44 (October 1969), 269-291.

_________. "Campaigns Against the Jicarilla Apache, 1855," New Mexico Historical Review, 45 (April 1970), 119-136.

________. "Plains Indians on the New Mexico-Colorado Border: The Last Phase, 1870-1876," New Mexico Historical Review, 44 (October 1971), 315-336.

Walker, Charles S. "Causes of the Confederate Invasion of New Mexico," New Mexico Historical Review, 8 (April 1933), 76-97.

Wallace, Andrew. "Duty in the District of New Mexico: A Military Memoir," New Mexico Historical Review, 50 (July 1975), 231-262.

White, Bruce. "ABC's for the American Enlisted Man: The Army Post School System, 1866-1898," History of Education Quarterly, 8 (Winter 1968), 479-496.

Wilson, Rex. "Archeology and Everyday Life at Fort Union," New Mexico Historical Review, 40 (January 1965), 55-64.

Woolford, Sam. "The Pretty Girls of Old Fort Union," New Mexico Magazine, October 1961, 10-11.

B. Books

Anderson, Nels. Desert Saints: The Mormon Frontier in Utah. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942.

Bailey, L. R. The Long Walk: A History of the Navajo Wars, 1846-1869. Los Angeles: Westernlore Press, 1964.

Beck, Warren A. New Mexico: A History of Four Centuries. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.

________ and Ynez D. Haase. Historical Atlas of New Mexico. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.

Bender, Averam B. The March of Empire: Frontier Defense in the Southwest, 1846-1860. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1952.

Berthrong, Donald J. The Southern Cheyenne. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.

Billington, Monroe Lee. New Mexico's Buffalo Soldiers, 1866-1900. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1991.

Brackett, Albert G. History of the United States Cavalry. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1865.

Bradfield, Nancy. Costume in Detail: Women's Dress, 1730-1930. Boston: Plays, Inc., 1968.

Bunting, Bainbridge. Early Architecture in New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1976.

Butler, Anne M. Daughters of Joy, Sisters of Misery: Prostitutes in the American West, 1865-90. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.

Chalfant, William Y Cheyennes and Horse Soldiers: The 1857 Expedition and the Battle of Solomon's Fork. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989.

________. Without Quarter: The Wichita Expedition and the Fight on Crooked Creek. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

Chavez, Thomas E. Manuel Alvarez, 1794-1856: A Southwestern Biography. Niwot: University of Colorado Press, 1990.

Cleaveland, Norman and George Fitzpatrick. The Morleys—Young Upstarts on the Southwest Frontier. Albuquerque: Calvin Horn, 1971.

Coffman, Edward M. The Old Army: A Portrait of the Army in Peacetime, 1784-1898. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Colton, Ray C. The Civil War in the Western Territories. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959.

Conard, Howard Louis. Uncle Dick Wootton: The Pioneer Frontiersman of the Rocky Mountain Region, 1959. Reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979.

Craig, Reginald S. The Fighting Parson: The Biography of Colonel John M. Chivington. Los Angeles: Westernlore Press, 1959.

Chronic, Halka. Roadside Geology of New Mexico. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Co., 1987.

deBuys, William. Enchantment and Exploitation: The Life and Hard Times of a New Mexico Mountain Range. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1985.

Delo, David M. Peddlers and Post Traders: The Army Sutler on the Frontier. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1992.

Dozier, Edward P. The Pueblo Indians of North America. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970.

Fischer, LeRoy H., ed. The Western Territories in the Civil War. Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University Press, 1977.

Foner, Jack D. The United States Soldier Between Two Wars: Army Life and Reforms, 1865-1898. New York: Humanities Press, 1970.

Foote, Cheryl J. Women of the New Mexico Frontier, 1846-1912. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1990.

Frazer, Robert W. Forts and Supplies: The Role of the Army in the Economy of the Southwest, 1846-1861. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1983.

Goetzmann, William H. Army Exploration in the American West, 1803-1863. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959.

________. Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the West. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966.

Greeley, Horace. The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860-1865, 2 vols. Hartford: O. D. Case & Co., 1864-1867.

Hafen, LeRoy R. and Ann W Hafen, eds. Relations with the Indians of the Plains, 1857-1861: A Documentary Account (Vol. IX of The Far West and Rockies Series, ed. by LeRoy R. Hafen). Glendale: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1959.

Hall, Martin Hardwick. Sibley's New Mexico Campaign. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1960.

Hall, Thomas D. Social Change in the Southwest, 1350-1880. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1989.

Hammond, George P. The Adventures of Alexander Barclay, Mountain Man. Denver: Old West Publishing Co., 1976.

Hayes, A. A. New Colorado and the Santa Fe Trail. New York: Harper & Bros., 1880.

Horgan, Paul. Great River: The Rio Grande in North American History, 2 vols. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1954.i

Horn, Calvin. New Mexico's Troubled Years. Albuquerque: Horn & Wallace, 1963.

Hunt, Aurora. Major General James Henry Carleton, 1814-1873: Western Frontier Dragoon. Glendale: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1958.

Hutton, Paul Andrew. Phil Sheridan and His Army. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985.

________. Soldiers West: Biographies from the Military Frontier. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.

Jackson, W. Turrentine. Wagon Roads West. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.

Kajencki, Francis C. Poles in the 19th Century Southwest. El Paso: Southwest Polonia Press, 1990.

Keleher, William A. The Maxwell Land Grant: A New Mexico Item, 1942. Reprint, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.

_______. Turmoil in New Mexico, 1951. Reprint, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982.

Kelly, Lawrence C. Navajo Roundup: Selected Correspondence of Kit Carson's Expedition Against the Navajo, 1863-1865. Boulder: Pruett Pub. Co., 1970.

Kenner, Charles L. A History of New Mexican-Plains Indian Relations. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969.

Knight, Oliver. Life and Manners in the Frontier Army. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.

Lamar, Howard Roberts. The Far Southwest, 1846-1912:A Territorial History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966.

Lavender, David. Bent's Fort. Garden City: Doubleday, 1954.

Leckie, William H. The Buffalo Soldiers: A Narrative of Negro Cavalry in the West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.

________. The Military Conquest of the Southern Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.

Lockwood, Frank C. The Apache Indians. New York: Macmillan Co., 1938.

Lord, Francis A. Civil War Sutlers and Their Wares. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1969.

Mayhall, Mildred P. The Kiowas. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.

McNitt, Frank. Navajo Wars: Military Campaigns, Slave Raids, and Reprisals. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1972.

Miller, Darlis A. Soldiers and Settlers: Military Supply in the Southwest, 1861-1885. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1989.

Moorhead, Max L. New Mexico's Royal Road: Trade and Travel on the Chihuahua Trail. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958.

The Mora Land Grant of New Mexico. Denver: The Clark Quick Printing Co., n.d.

Mumie, Nolie. Old Forts and Trading Posts of the West: Bent's Old Fort and Bent's New Fort on the Arkansas River. Denver: Artcraft Press, 1956.

Noel, Theo. A Campaign from Santa Fe to the Mississippi: A History of the Old Sibley Brigade. Shreveport: Shreveport News, 1865.

Oliva, Leo E. Soldiers on the Santa Fe Trail. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.

Ortiz, Alfonso, ed. New Perspectives on the Pueblos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1972.

Parks, Joseph H. General Edmund Kirby Smith, C.S.A. Baton Route: Louisiana University Press, 1954.

Pearson, Jim Berry. The Maxwell Land Grant. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961.

Peterson, Harold L. Notes on Ordnance of the American Civil War, 1861-1865. Washington: American Ordnance Association, 1959.

Pitcaithley, Dwight T. and Jerome A. Greene. Historic Structure Report: The Third Fort Union, 1863-1891. Denver: National Park Service, 1982.

Prucha, Francis Paul. A Guide to the Military Posts of the United States, 1789-1895. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1964.

Railsback, Thomas C. and John P. Langellier. The Drums Would Roll: A Pictorial History of U.S. Army Bands on the American Frontier, 1866-1890. England: Arms & Armour Press, 1987.

Read, Benjamin M. Illustrated History of New Mexico. Santa Fe: New Mexico Printing Co., 1912.

Rickey, Don. Forty Miles a Day on Beans and Hay: The Enlisted Soldier Fighting the Indian Wars. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963.

Risch, Erna. Quartermaster Support of the Army: A History of the Corps, 1775-1939. Washington: Office of the Quartermaster General, 1962.

Roberts, Gary L. Death Comes for the Chief Justice: The Slough-Rynerson Quarrel and Political Violence in New Mexico. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1990.

Rockwell, Wilson. The Utes: A Forgotten People. Denver: Sage Books, 1956.

Rodenbough, Theo. F., comp. From Everglade to Canon with the Second Dragoons. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1875.

Sabin, Edwin L. Kit Carson Days, 1809-1868, 2 vols. New York: Press of the Pioneers, 1935.

Settle, Raymond W. and Mary Lund Settle. Empire on Wheels. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1949.

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________. New Mexico:An Interpretive History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988.

Slotkin, Richard. Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600-1860. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1973.

Socolofsky, Homer and Huber Self. Historical Atlas of Kansas, 2nd edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988.

Sperry, T. J. Fort Union: A Photo History. Tucson: Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, 1991.

Stallard, Patricia Y. Glittering Misery: Dependents of the Indian Fighting Army. Fort Collins: The Old Army Press, 1978.

Stephen, Randy. The Horse Soldier, 1776-1943, 4 vols. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.

Taylor, Morris F. First Mail West: Stagecoach Lines on the Santa Fe Trail. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1971.

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Tiller, Veronica E. Velarde. The Jicarilla Apache Tribe: A History, 1846-1970. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.

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________. High Noon in Lincoln County: Violence on the Western Frontier. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987.

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Walker, Henry Pickering. The Wagonmasters: High Plains Freighting from the Earliest Days of the Santa Fe Trail to 1880. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966.

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C. Unpublished Studies

Bender, A. B. A Study of Jicarilla Apache Indians, 1846-1887. Typescript, prepared for U.S. Department of Justice, 1959.

Gamble, Richard D. Garrison Life at Frontier Military Posts, 1830-1860. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 1956.

Giese, Dale F. Soldiers at Play: A History of Social Life at Fort Union, New Mexico, 1851-1891. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1969.

Keener, David P. A Town Maligned: Loma Parda, New Mexico. M.A. Thesis, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, 1988.

McLaughlin, Thomas J. History of Fort Union, New Mexico. M.A. Thesis, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1952.

Reiter, Robert Louis. The History of Fort Union, New Mexico. MA. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1953.

Ruwet, Wayne. Fort Union: Its History and Its Value to Archaeology. MA. Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, no date.

Steere, Edward. Fort Union, Its Economic and Military History. National Park Service, 1938. Typescript. Fort Union National Monument Archives.

Woodward, Arthur. Fort Union, New Mexico—Guardian of the Santa Fe Trail. National Park Service, 1958. Typescript. Fort Union National Monument Archives.