GLACIER BAY Land Reborn: A History of Administration and Visitor Use in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve

I. United States Government Records (unpublished)

Anchorage, Alaska. Alaska Regional Office of the National Park Service.

     Administrative Files.
     Concessions Management Files.

Anchorage, Alaska. Federal Archives and Records Center -- Alaska Branch.

     Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service.
     Record Group 75, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
     Record Group 22, Records of the Fish and Wildlife Service.
     Record Group 95, Records of the Forest Service.
     Microfilm Publication M-939, General Correspondence of the Alaskan Territorial Governor, 1909-1958.

Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska.

     Park Archives.
     William E. Brown Historical Files.

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska.

     Active Files.
     Administrative Files.
     Park Library.
     

San Bruno, California. Federal Archives and Records Center -- Sierra Pacific Branch.

     Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service.

Sitka National Historic Site, Sitka, Alaska.

     Park Archives.

Suitland, Maryland. Federal Records Center -- Suitland Branch.

     Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service.

Washington, D.C. National Archives.

     Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service.
     Record Group 75, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
     Record Group 22, Records of the Fish and Wildlife Service.
     Record Group 126, Records of the Office of the Territories.

Washington, D.C. Washington Office of the National Park Service. Wildlife Division Files.

II. Manuscript Collections

Juneau, Alaska. Alaska State Historical Library, Manuscripts Division.

     Curry-Weissbrodt Papers.
     William O. Field, Jr. Papers.

Fairbanks, Alaska. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Regions Department.
     Alaska Conservation Society Papers.
     Robert Weeden Papers.

Minneapolis, Minnesota. University of Minnesota, Walter Library, Archives and Manuscripts Division.

William S. Cooper Papers.

Seattle, Washington. University of Washington, Suzzallo Library, Archives and Manuscripts Division.

     Irving M. Clark Papers.
     Brock Evans Papers.
     Lloyd Meeds Papers.
     William L. Paul Papers.

Washington, D.C. Library of Congress, James Madison Branch, Manuscripts Division.

     C. Hart Merriam Papers.

III. Interviews

Apgar, Kevin. Interview by author. April 8, 1992. Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Tape recording. Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Regions Department.

Dick, Al. Interview by author. April 10, 1992. Hoonah, Alaska. Tape recording. In author's possession.

Hevly, Bruce. Telephone communication with author. May 7, 1992.

Howe, Robert E. Interview by author. April 4, 1992.

Friday Harbor, Washington. Tape recording. Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Regions Department.

Jensen, Marvin. Interview by author. April 9, 1992.

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Tape recording. Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Regions Department.

Marvin, Amy, and Mary Rudolph. Interview by author. April 10, 1992. Hoonah, Alaska. Tape recording. In author's possession.

Paige, Bruce B. Interview by author. April 9, 1992.

Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Tape recording. Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Regions Department.

Streveler, Gregory P. Interview by author. April 8, 1992. Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Tape recording. Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Regions Department.

Tollefson, Michael. Interview by author. August 18, 1991. Seattle, Washington. Handwritten notes. In author's possession.

Vequist, Gary. Interview by author. December 16, 1992. Alaska Regional Office of the National Park Service, Anchorage, Alaska. Tape recording. Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Regions Department.

IV. Printed Government Records

Alaska Department of Fish & Game. Subsistence Harvest and Use of Fish and Wildlife Resources and the Effects of Forest Management in Hoonah, Alaska. By Robert F. Schroeder and Matthew Kookesh. Technical Paper No.142. Alaska Department of Fish & Game, November 1990.

Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries. Annual Reports, 1946-1958. Juneau, Alaska.

U.S. Congress. Land Planning and Policy in Alaska Recommendations Concerning National Interest Lands, prepared by Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska. 93rd Cong., 2d sess., 1974. Committee Print.

U.S. Congress. Congressional Record.

U.S. Congress. House. Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Conference Report. 92nd Cong., 1st sess., 1971. H. Rept. 92-746.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1979: Hearing before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, on H.R. 39. 96th Cong., 1st sess., 1979.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1978: Report Together with Additional Dissenting and Supplemental Views and Additional Comments to Accompany H.R. 39. 95th Cong., 2d sess., 1978. H. Rept. 95-1045, part 1.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1979: Report Together with Dissenting, Supplemental, and Separate Views to Accompany H.R. 39. 96th Cong., 1st sess., 1979. H. Rept. 96-97, part 1.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on General Oversight of Alaska Lands. Hearings on Inclusion of Alaska Lands. Part 8. 95th Cong., 1st sess., July 5, 1977.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on General Oversight of Alaska Lands. Hearings on Inclusion of Alaska Lands. Part 13. 95th Cong., 1st sess., August 9, 1977.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska: Hearings before the subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Committee on Indian and Insular Affairs House of Representatives. 89th Cong., 1st sess., 1965.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Alaska National Interest Lands Act of 1978: Report Together with Additional and Supplemental Views to Accompany H.R. 39. 96th Cong., 1st sess., 1978. H. Rept. 95-1045, part 2.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Oceans and Atmosphere. Ocean Mammal Protection Hearings. Part 2. 92nd Cong., 2d sess. May 11-13, 1972.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Conservation of Wild Life Resources. Hearing before the Special Committee on Conservation of Wildlife Resources United States Senate on the Protection and Preservation of the Brown and Grizzly Bears of Alaska. 73rd Cong., 2d sess., January 18, 1932.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hearings on Alaska Natural Resource Issues. 95th Cong., 1st sess., June 17 and 20, 1977.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs. Survey of Conditions of the Indians of the United States: Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Indian Affairs United States Senate, Part 36, Alaska. 79th Cong., 2d sess. 1939.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.Hearing before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs...on S.2371. 94th Cong., 1st sess. 1975.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Regulation of Mining Activities within Areas of the National Park System: Hearing before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs United States Senate on S. 2371. 94th Cong., 1st sess., October 7, 1975.

U.S. Congress. Senate. Proceedings of the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal. Vol. 2. 58th Cong., 2d sess., 1904.

U.S. Court of Claims. The Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska v. the United States. Rept. 47,900. 1959.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. A Plan for the Management of Brown Bear in Relation to other Resources on Admiralty Island, Alaska, by B.F. Heintzleman and H.W. Terhune. Miscellaneous Paper 195. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1934.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. The Subsistence Lifeway of the Tlingit People: Excerpts of Oral Interviews. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1984.

U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Fisheries. Commercial Fisheries of Alaska in 1905. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1906.

U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Division of Wildlife Research. The Sea Otter in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, by Karl W. Kenyon. North American Fauna Series, no.68. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.

U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Marine Fisheries Service. Humpback Whale Prey Studies in Southeastern Alaska, by Bruce L. Wing and Kenneth Krieger. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1982.

U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Marine Fisheries Service. Marine MammalCommission. The Acoustic Environment and Noise Exposure of Humpback Whales in Glacier Bay, Alaska, by C.I. Malme and P.R. Miles. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1983.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Possessory Rights of the Natives of Southeastern Alaska, by Walter R. Goldschmidt and Theodore H. Haas. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1946.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Environmental Consequences of Mineral Extraction: Glacier Bay National Monument and Mount McKinley National Park. Discussion of the Alternatives for Acquisition of Mining Claims and/or Boundary Modifications to Reduce Possible Acquisition Costs: Glacier Bay National Monument. Report to the Congress. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, January 1979.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Geological Survey. Glacier Bay and its Glaciers, by Harry Fielding Reid, in 16th Annual Report. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1896.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Geological Survey. Mineral Investigations in Southeastern Alaska. By A.F. Buddington. Bulletin 783-B. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1926.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Geological Survey. Mineral Industry of Alaska in 1924 and Administrative Report. By Philip S. Smith. Bulletin 783-A. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1926.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Geological Survey. Mineral Resources of Alaska. By A.H. Brooks. Bulletin 773. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1925.

U.S. Department of the Interior. Geological Survey. Notes on the Geography and Geology of Lituya Bay, Alaska. By J.B. Mertie, Jr. Bulletin 836-B. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1931.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Administrative Policies for Natural Areas of the National Park System. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1970.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Annual Report of the Director of the National Park Service. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1944.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Annual Report of the Director of the National Park Service. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1946.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Annual Report of the Director National Park Service to the Secretary of the Interior. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1948.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. "Do Things Right the First Time": The National Park Service and the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980, by G. Frank Williss. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1985.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Final Environmental Impact Statement Wilderness Recommendation, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1988.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Final Interpretive Prospectus, Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1976.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. General Management Plan, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1984.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Glacier Bay Marine Ecosystem: A Conceptual Ecological Model, by Lynne Zeitlin Hale and R. Gerald Wright. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1979.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Glacier Bay National Monument. The Natural History of Glacier Bay National Monument. By Bruce Paige and Gregory P. Streveler. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1971.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Master Plan Development Outline Glacier Bay National Monument. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1952.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Master Plan Development Outline Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1957.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Master Plan for Glacier Bay National Monument, Mission 66 Edition. [Washington, D.C.] U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1960.

U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Master Plan Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska. [Washington, D.C.] U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1974.

U.S. Department of the Treasury. Seal and Salmon Fisheries and General Resources of Alaska. Vol.2. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1898.

U.S. General Accounting Office. Mining on National Park Service Lands: What is at Stake? [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1981.

V. Newspapers and Newsletters

Alaska Daily Empire (Juneau), April 28, 1924, February 16, 1925.

Alaska Fisherman (Wrangell).

Alaska Fisherman's Journal, October 1979, March 1983, June 1983, June 1991.

Anchorage Daily News, July 7, 1967, March 21, 1969, November 21, 1971, February 16, 1976, September 15, 1976, March 19, 1983, June 26, 1989, April 3, 1992, October 22, 1992.

Anchorage Daily Times, November 17-19, 1971, September 28, 1975, February 4, 1976, July 11, 1978, December 21, 1982, November 9, 1987, June 26, 1989, June 30, 1989, July 19, 1989, July 26, 1989, October 11, 1990.

Center News, February 22, 1980.

Fairbanks Daily News Miner, August 9, 1990.

Juneau Empire, September 2, 1982, March 17, 1983, June 6, 1990, July 10, 1991, June 19, 1992, October 22, 1992.

Ketchikan Daily News, October 8, 1992.

San Francisco News, March 7, 1945.

Seattle Times, March 11, 1979, May 27, 1989, October 21, 1979, March 20, 1983.

Southeast Alaska Empire (Juneau), March 11, 1976, May 5, 1978., May 22, 1979.

VI. Books and Articles

Ackerman, R.E. The Archeology of the Glacier Bay Region, Southeastern Alaska. Report of Investigations, No.44. Pullman, Washington: Washington State University, Laboratory of Anthropology, 1968.

Andrews, C.L., "Muir Glacier," National Geographic Magazine, vol.14. no.12 (December 1903), p.441-445.

Averkieva, Julia, "The Tlingit Indians," in North American Indians in Historical Perspective. New York: Random House, 1971, p.317-342.

Baker, C. Scott, et al., "Population Characteristics and Migration of Summer and Late- Season Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae) in Southeastern Alaska," Marine Mammal Science, vol. 1 (October 1985), p.304-323.

Baker, C. Scott, et al., "Migratory Movement and Population Structure of Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novoaangliae) in the Central and Eastern North Pacific," Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 31, no.2 (1986), p.105-119.

Baldwin, S. P., "Recent Changes in the Muir Glacier," American Geologist, vol.11 (June 1893).

Ballou, Maturin M. The New Eldorado: Summer Journey to Alaska. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1891.

Beach, Rex. Personal Exposures. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1941.

Berger, Thomas R. Village Journey: The Report of the Alaska Native Review Commission. New York: Hill and Wang, 1985.

"The Bergs and Ice Cliffs of Glacier Bay," Sunset, vol.126, no.6 (June 1961), p.63.

Berry, Mary Clay. The Alaska Pipeline: The Politics of Oil and Native Land Claims. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1975.

Bird, Jessica, "The Land of the Glaciers," Alaska Sportsman (December 1946), p.14-15.

Birkedal, Ted, "Ancient Hunters in the Alaskan Wilderness: Human Predators and Their Role and Effect on Wildlife Populations and the Implications for Resource Management." Paper presented at Seventh George Wright Society Meeting, 1992.

Blackadar, Walt, "Caught up in a Hell of White Water," Sports Illustrated, vol.37, no.7 (August 14, 1972), p.43-50.

Bohn, Dave. Glacier Bay: The Land and the Silence. Seattle: Sierra Club, Pacific Northwest, 1967.

Borbridge, John, Jr., "Native Organization and Land Rights a Vehicle for Change," in Change in Alaska: People, Petroleum, and Politics. College, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, 1970.

Bosworth, Robert G., "Tlingit Subsistence in Glacier Bay, Alaska: Adapting to Change in Landscape and Bureaucracy," paper presented at the Alaska Anthropological Association meetings, Anchorage, Alaska, March 1987.

Bronson, Ruth Muskrat, "Plundering the Indians of Alaska," Christian Century, vol.64, no.41 (October 8, 1947), p.1204.

Burroughs, John et al. Alaska: The Harriman Expedition, 1899. New York: Dover Publications, 1986.

Brox, Ottar, "`Conservation' and `Destruction' of Traditional Culture," in Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic. Edited by Gosta Berg. Oxford: University of Oxford Press, 1973.

Cahalane, Victor H., "Glacier Bay Access," National Parks Magazine, vol.31, no.128 (January/March 1957), p.41.

Cahn, Robert. The Fight to Save Wild Alaska. [Washington, D.C.]: National Audubon Society, 1982.

Calvin, Jack, "Two Seal Hunters," Alaska Sportsman, May 1964, p.30.

"Canadian Mine Poses Threat to Glacier Bay," National Parks, vol.64, no.9-10 (September/October 1990), p.12-13.

Catton, William R., Jr., "Social and Behavioral Aspects of the Carrying Capacity of Natural Environments," in Behavior and the Natural Environment, edited by Irwin Altman and Joachim F. Wohlwill, vol.6 of Human Behavior and Environment: Advances in Theory and Research. New York: Plenum Press, 1983, p.269-303.

Chapman, Douglas G., "Marine Mammals and Ecosystem Management," in Alaska Fisheries: 200 Years and 200 Miles of Change, edited by Brenda R. Melteff. Proceedings of the 29th Alaska Science Conference. August 1979.

Chase, Alston. Playing God in Yellowstone: The Destruction of America's First National Park. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1986.

Clarke, J.N., and D. McCool. Staking out the Terrain: Power Differentials among Natural Resource Management Agencies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985.

Cohen, Felix S., "Alaska's Nuremburg Laws: Congress Sanctions Racial Discrimination," Commentary, vol.6, no.8 (August 1948), p.136-143.

______. Handbook of Federal Indian Law. Charlottesville, Virginia: Michie Bobbs- Merrill, 1982.

Cohen, Michael P. The Pathless Way: John Muir and American Wilderness. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

"Considerably Pro Bear," The Commonweal, vol.12 (June 18, 1930), p.177.

Cook, John C., "Kayaks to Muir Glacier," Alaska Outdoors, May 1990, p.22-23.

Cooley, Richard A. Politics and Conservation: The Decline of the Alaska Salmon. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1963.

Cooper, William S. "The Problem of Glacier Bay, Alaska; A Study of Glacier Variations," Geographical Review, vol.27, no.1 (January 1937), p.37-62.

______, "The Recent Ecological History of Glacier Bay, Alaska: I. The Interglacial Forests of Glacier Bay," Ecology, vol.4, no.2 (April, 1923), p.93-125.

______, "The Recent Ecological History of Glacier Bay, Alaska: II. The Present Vegetation Cycle," vol.4, no.3 (July 1923), p.223-245.

______, "The Recent Ecological History of Glacier Bay, Alaska: III. Permanent Quadrats at Glacier Bay: An Initial Report upon a Long-Period Study," Ecology, vol.4, no.4 (October 1923), p.355-372.

______, "A Third Expedition to Glacier Bay, Alaska," Ecology, vol.12, no.1 (January 1931), p.61-95.

______, "A Fourth Expedition to Glacier Bay, Alaska," Ecology, vol.20, no.2 (April 1939), p.130-155.

"Council on National Parks, Forests, and Wild Life," Ecology, vol.5, no.2 (April 1924), p.185.

Crichton, Kyle, "Storm Over Alaska," Collier's, vol.115, (March 31, 1945), p.20, 74-75.

Curry, James E., "Displaced Alaskans," The Commonweal, vol.46, no.15 (August 1, 1947), p.381-3.

______, "Krug and the Indians," New Republic, vol. 120, no.17 (April 25, 1949), p.31.

Dannenbaum, Jed, "John Muir and Alaska," Alaska Journal, vol.2, no.4 (Autumn 1972), p.14-20.

Darling, F. Fraser, and Noel D. Eichhorn. Man & Nature in the National Parks. Washington, D.C.: The Conservation Foundation, 1967.

Dasmann, Raymond F., "National Parks, Nature Conservation, and `Future Primitive'," The Ecologist, vol.6, no.5 (June 1976), p.164-167.

______, "Toward a Dynamic Balance of Man and Nature," The Ecologist, vol.6 no.1 (January 1976), p.2-5.

Dauenhauer, Nora Marks, and Richard Dauenhauer, eds. Haa Shuka, Our Ancestors: Tlingit Oral Narratives. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1987.

Davidson, C. Girard, "Let's Build Airports for the National Parks," Flying, vol.45 * July 1949, 15, 75-76.

Dean, Frederick, "Glacier Bay Humpback Whale Update," Alaska Conservation Review, Summer/Fall 1979, 6.

De Laguna, Frederica, "Tlingit," in Handbook of North American Indians, vol.7. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1990, p.203-228.

______. Under Mount Saint Elias: The History and Culture of the Yakutat Tlingit. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1972.

Dennis, John G., "National Park Service's Research in Alaska--1972-76," Arctic Bulletin, 1977, p.273-287.

DeVoto, Bernard, "Let's Close the National Parks," Harper's Magazine, October 1953, p.49-52.

"Director Conrad L. Wirth Announces New Fishery Policy for National Parks," American Forests, vol.60, no.8 (August 1954), p.40.

Drucker, Philip. Native Brotherhoods: Modern Inter-tribal Organizations on the Northwest Coast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology, 1958.

Dryzek, John S. Conflict and Choice in Resource Management: The Case of Alaska. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1983.

DuFresne, Frank, "Alaska's Wildlife and Statehood," Field and Stream, vol.63 (December 1958), p.62-63, 117.

Dunlap, Thomas R. Saving America's Wildlife. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.

______. "Wildlife, Science, and the National Parks, 1920-1940," Pacific Historical Review, vol.59, no.2 (May 1990), p.187-202.

Erwin, Alexander M., "The Emergence of Native Alaskan Political Capacity, 1959-1971," The Musk Ox, vol.19, no.2 (1976), p.3-14.

Estes, James A., David O. Duggins and Galen B. Rathbun, "The Ecology of Extinctions in Kelp Forest Communities," Conservation Biology, vol.3, no.3 (September 1989), p.252-264.

Everhart, William C. The National Park Service. Boulder: Westview Press, 1983.

Fey, Harold E., "Boom and Bust in Alaska," The Christian Century, vol.72, no.51 (December 21, 1955), p.1496-1498.

Field, William O., and Calvin J. Heusser, "Glaciers--Historians of Climate," The Geographical Review, vol.42, no.3, (1952), p.337-345.

Field, William O., "Glacier Recession in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska," The Geographical Review, vol.37, no.3, (1947), p.369-399.

______, "Glacier Termini Photography Since 1926," in A Century After Muir: The Scientific Adventure, Proceedings of the First Glacier Bay Science Symposium, September 23-26, 1983. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Science Publications Office, 1984, 12.

______, "The Fairweather Range: Mountaineering and Glacier Studies," Appalachia, vol.16 (December 1926), p.460-470.

______, "Glacier Studies in Alaska, 1941," Geographical Review, vol.32, no.1 (January 1942), p.154-155.

Foster, Scott, "Land of the American Fjords," Alaska, vol.54, no.1 (January 1988), p.34- 38.

Fox, Joseph L., and Gregory P. Streveler, "Wolf Predation on Mountain Goats in Southeastern Alaska," Journal of Mammalogy, vol.67 no.1 (February 1986), p.192-195.

Fox, Stephen J. John Muir and his Legacy: The American Conservation Movement. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1970.

Frome, Michael. Regreening the National Parks. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992.

Gabrielson, Ira N., "Crisis for Alaskan Wildlife," Audubon Magazine, vol.53, no.6 (November 1951), p.348-53, 94.

Gilbert, G.K., Glaciers and Glaciation, Harriman Alaska Series, vol.3. New York: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1904.

"Glacier Bay, Alaska, Temporarily Withdrawn from Entry," Ecology, vol.5, no.2 (April 1924), p.223.

Gmelch, George, "Caught in the Middle," Natural History, vol.99, no.9 (September 1990), p.32.

Goetzmann, William E., and Kay Sloan. Looking Far North: The Harriman Expedition to Alaska, 1899. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.

Goldthwait, Richard P. and Garry D. McKenzie, "Research by the Institute of Polar Studies in Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska," Contribution 315 of the Institute of Polar Studies, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, [1976].

Goldthwait, Richard P. et al., "Soil Development and Ecological Succession in a Deglaciated Area of Muir Inlet, Southeast Alaska," Report No.20, Institute of Polar Studies, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, August 1966.

Grove, Jean M. The Little Ice Age. New York: Methuen, 1988.

Gruening, Ernest, "Alaska: Progress and Problems," Scientific Monthly, vol.77, (July 1953), p.3-12.

______. Many Battles: The Autobiography of Ernest Gruening. New York: Livenwright, 1973.

______, "The Political Ecology of Alaska," Scientific Monthly, vol.75 (December 1951), p.376-386.

______. The State of Alaska. New York: Random House, 1954.

______, "Strategic Alaska Looks Ahead," The National Geographic Magazine, vol.82, no.3 (September 1942), p.281-315.

Haley, Delphine, "A Floating Family Follows the Whales," Defenders: Magazine of Defenders of Wildlife, vol.53, no.2 (April 1978), p.86-87.

Hartzog, George B. Jr. Battling for the National Parks. Mt. Kisko, New York: Moyer Bell Ltd., 1988.

______, "The Wilderness Act and the National Parks and Monuments," in Wilderness and the Quality of Life, Maxine E. McCloskey and James P. Gilligan, editors. San Francisco: Sierra Club, 1967.

Haycox, Stephen W., "Economic Development and Indian Land Rights in Modern Alaska: the 1947 Tongass Timber Act," Western Historical Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 1, (February 1990), p.21-46.

Hays, Samuel P. Beauty, Health and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Heacox, Kim, "Contested Water: Humpback Whales Win New Protections in Glacier Bay," National Parks, vol.58, no.7-8 (July/August 1984), p.25-26.

Higginson, Ella. Alaska: The Great Country. New York: MacMillan Company, 1908.

Hinckley, Ted C., "The Canoe Rocks--We Do Not Know What Will Become of Us," Western Historical Quarterly, vol.1, no.3 (July 1970), p.265-290.

______, "The Inside Passage: A Popular Gilded Age Tour," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, vol.56, no.2 (April 1965), p.67-74.

Holzworth, John M. The Wild Grizzlies of Alaska. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1930.

Home, William Scott, "Glacier Bay Icy Home to Whales," National Parks and Conservation Magazine, vol.49, no.5 (May 1975), p.12-16.

Houston, Douglas B., "Ecosystems of National Parks," Science, vol.172, (May 14, 1971), p.648-651.

Howe, Doris. Bibliography of Research and Exploration of Glacier Bay, Alaska, 1798- 1983. Atlanta: NPS Science Publications Office, 1984.

Ickes, Harold L., "Alaska's Natives Need Help," New Republic,vol.122, no.3 (July 24, 1950), p.17.

______, "On Frisking the Alaska Indians," New Republic, vol.120, no.19 (May 9, 1949), p.19-20.

______. The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953- 1954.

Ise, John. Our National Park Policy: A Critical History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1961.

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