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Indiana Dunes
A Signature of Time and Eternity: The Administrative History of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana |
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ENDNOTES
CHAPTER ONE
1. "Miss McCauley's Column," circa 1918 newsclipping (no publisher) from the Catherine A. Mitchell Papers, Chicago Committee Vice President, National Dunes Park Association, S2112, Subject—State Parks, Dunes, 1917-1919, Indiana State Library.
2. A. Berle Clemensen, Historic Resource Study, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (Denver: Denver Service Center, National Park Service, 1979), pp. 1-4, 14-15, 18, 20.
3. "The Prairie Club and the Indiana Dunes," a speech by Herbert Read to the Duneland Historical Society, 19 February 1987, Chesterton, Indiana, transcript from the personal papers of Herbert Read
6. Carter H. Manny, "Hoosier Slide: The Greatest Mountain of Sand Which Existed in the Indiana Dune Area Along Lake Michigan," manuscript, n.d., Carter H. Manny Papers, 1890-1920, folder S926, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
7. George S. Cottman, Indiana Dunes State Park: A History and Description, Publication Number 97 (Indianapolis: State of Indiana, Department of Conservation, Division of Lands and Waters, 1930), p. 35, Lakeshore curator's files—Indiana Dunes State Park.
8. J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes (Middletown, Ct., Wesleyan University Press, 1983), pp. 45-6, 80; Powell Moore, "Tales of the Indiana Dunes," The Calumet Region: Indiana's Last Frontier, reprinted (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1977), p. 597; and Sylvia Troy, "Citizen Action for Preservation," The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 32.
9. Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 81; Moore, "Tales of the Indiana Dunes," pp. 597-8; and Clemensen, Historic Resource Study, p. 23.
10. Stephen T. Mather, Report on the Proposed Sand Dunes National Park Indiana, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1917), p. 5, Lakeshore curator's files—#2639.
12. Horace M. Albright to Earl Reed, letter, 27 November 1957, transmitting copy of the Mather hearings report, Lakeshore curator's files—#2639.
13. Mather, Report on the Proposed Sand Dunes National Park Indiana, pp. 11-12, 14.
16. Moore, "Tales of the Indiana Dunes," p. 598.
17. Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 18-19.
18. Thomas Wood Stevens, Book of the Historical Pageant of The Dunes, Port Chester, Indiana, on Lake Michigan: May 30 and June 3, 1917 (Chicago: The Dunes Pageant Association, 1917), pp. 1-3, Lakeshore curator's files No. 2588; and Moore, "Tales of the Indiana Dunes," p. 599.
19. Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 19-20.
20. Mrs. Catherine A. Mitchell to members of the National Dunes Park Association, form letter, 4 January 1918, Mitchell Papers, S2112, Subject—State Parks, Dunes, 1917-1919, S2112, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
21. Ibid., "Miss McCauley's Column," newspaper clipping, n.d. [circa 1918].
22. Richard Lieber to James P. Goodrich, Governor, State of Indiana, letter, 19 May 1937, Lieber Papers, L91 General Correspondence 1937, Box XIV, Folder 1, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
23. Chicago Committee of the National Dunes Park Association, 15 May 1919, meeting, by Secretary pro tempore Catherine A. Mitchell, Mitchell Papers, S2112, Subject—State Parks, Dunes, 1917-1919, S2112, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
24. Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 247.
25. Orpheus Moyer Schantz, "Indiana's Unrivaled Sand-Dunes A National Park Opportunity," Reprinted by Special Permission from the National Geographic Magazine, May 1919 (Gary: National Dunes Park Association, 1919), Lakeshore curator's files.
26. General Federation of Woman's Clubs, Announcement, "Save the Dunes," Catherine A. Mitchell Papers, S2112, Subject—State Parks, Dunes, 1917-1919, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
27. Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 249-50.
28. Kay Franklin and Norma Schaeffer, Duel for the Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983), p. 36.
29. Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 249-50.
30. Cottman, Indiana Dunes State Park, p. 37; and "Richard Lieber Biographical Study," [no author], manuscript excerpt of Master's thesis, pp. 257-260, Lakeshore curator's files—State Park.
31. Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 251.
32. Bess M. Sheehan to Catherine A. Mitchell, letter, 23 March 1923, Mitchell Papers, S2112, Subject—State Parks, Dunes, 1917-1919, S2112, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
33. Richard Lieber to James P. Goodrich, Governor, State of Indiana, letter, 19 May 1937, Lieber Papers, L91 General Correspondence 1937, Box XIV, Folder 1, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division; Moore, "Tales of the Indiana Dunes," pp. 600, 606-7; Clemensen, Historic Resource Study, p. 28; and Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 252-3.
34. Sylvia Troy, "Citizen Action for Preservation," p. 33; and Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 253.
35. Bess Sheehan to Richard Lieber, letter, 5 September 1929, Lieber Papers, L90 Director's Correspondence 1919-1933, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
36. Cottman, Indiana Dunes State Park, pp. 19, 28, 39-40.
37. "The Prairie Club and the Indiana Dunes," a speech by Herbert Read to the Duneland Historical Society, 19 February 1987, Chesterton, Indiana, transcript from the personal papers of Herbert Read.
38. Richard Lieber to Mrs. McCormick, letter, 24 March 19(1923, Lieber Papers, L90 General Correspondence, folder—January-June 1923, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
CHAPTER TWO
1. Paul H. Douglas, In The Fullness of Time: The Memoirs of Paul H. Douglas (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1971), pp. 76-7.
2. A. Berle Clemensen, Historic Resource Study, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (Denver: Denver Service Center, National Park Service, 1979), p. 30; and Historian Martin Marciniak to Historian Ron Cockrell, letter, 9 February 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
3. Harold M. Mayer, "Politics and Land Use: The Indiana Shoreline of Lake Michigan," reprinted from Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 54, No. 4, December 1964, pp. 509-12, received from John Schnurlein, letter to author, (1922 February 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
4. J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1983), p. 254-5; and Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, Inc., interview transcript, 22 September 1987, Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana.
5. Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 256; and "Dunes of Indiana," pamphlet of Save the Dunes Council published by The Chesterton Tribune (July 1957), Lakeshore curator's files—Dunes of Indiana 1957.
6. Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 255-6.
7. Ibid., pp. 258, 267-8; and Kay Franklin and Norma Shaeffer, Duel for the Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983), pp. 132-3, 138-9.
8. Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 259-60; and "Storm Over the Sand Dunes," Midwest: Magazine of the Chicago Sun—Times (1 January 1956), scrapbook of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore compiled by Dr. Virginia Reuterskiold, Superintendent's Office.
9. Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 260.
10. Sylvia Troy, "Citizen Action for Preservation," in The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 34.
11. Paul H. Douglas, In The Fullness of Time: The Memoirs of Paul H. Douglas (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., 1971), p. 76.
12. Ibid., pp. 536-7; and Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 260-1.
13. Franklin and Shaeffer, Duel for the Dunes, p. 138.
14. John Schnurlein, former member and Chairman of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, 1967-1985, interview transcript, 23 September 1987, Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana.
15. "Senator Douglas Sees Threat to Indiana Dunes as Symbol of National Problem," Conservation Special Bulletin (New York: Council of Conservationists, Inc., 26 May 1958), Lakeshore curator's files—file 2595.
16. Troy, "Citizen Action for Preservation," p. 34.
17. Indiana Dunes, A Department of the Interior National Lakeshore Proposal, 1966 (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, Department of the Interior, 1966), p. 1.
18. Lynton Caldwell, "The National Parks and American Land Use Policy," in The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Education Fund, 1981), p. 37.
19. Conrad Louis Wirth, Parks, Politics, and the People (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980), pp. 192-3; 194; 196-7; and 199.
20. Allen T. Edmunds, Special Assistant to the Regional Director, Midwest Region, and Superintendent James R. Whitehouse, transcript of conversation, 19 August 1975, Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Superintendent's Office.
21. Our Fourth Shore: Great Lakes Shoreline Recreation Area Survey (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, Department of the Interior, 1959), pp. 2-3, 6, 13-14, Visitor Center Library, file drawer three.
22. Acting Regional Director George A. Palmer to Director Conrad Wirth, 9 September 1958, folder L58: Miscellaneous and F.Y. 1973, Expansion Files; Stored National Lakeshore Files.
23. Acting Director E. T. Scoyen to Legislative Counsel, Office of the Solicitor, 23 March 1959, folder—W3815 Indiana Dunes, Philadelphia Federal Records Center, 4-28-035-3-3, P-373677, Box 16.
24. Ibid., Director Conrad Wirth to Assistant Secretary, Public Land Management, 21 May 1959; and Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 262-3.
CHAPTER THREE
1. Donald Janson, "Kennedy Stand Spurs Indiana Dunes Group," New York Times (11 March 1962), Scrapbook of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore compiled by Dr. Virginia Reuterskiold, Superintendent's Office.
2. Great Lakes Harbors Study: Interim Report on Burns Waterway Harbor, U.S. Army Engineers District, Chicago, Corps of Engineers, October 1960, Associate Director E. T. Scoyen to Col. C. F. Mitchim, Chicago District Engineer, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, letter, 20 January 1960, appendix H, pp. H 1-2.
3. Ibid., preface, p. vi; and Harold M. Meyer, "Politics and Land Use: The Indiana Shoreline of Lake Michigan," reprinted from Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 54, No. 4, (December 1964), p. 513, received from John Schnurlein, letter to author, 22 February 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
4. Clinton Green to Governor—Elect Matthew E. Welsh, 22 November 1960, and clipping, "Sen. Douglas Blocks Reports on Dunes Port," Chicago Sunday Tribune (1920 November 1960), Papers of Governor Matthew E. Welsh, Box 22, Folder 3: Indiana Dunes, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
5. Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, Inc., interview transcript, 22 September 1987, Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana.
6. Herbert Read to Ron Cockrell, archival records received 23 Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office: District Office, Corps of Engineers' 8 November 1930 report on Harbor, Indiana. March 1988, Second Chicago Burns Ditch Harbor, Indiana.
7. Ibid.: Review Report on Burns Ditch Harbor, Indiana, 29 November 1935.
8. Ibid.: C. Keller, Colonel, Corps of Engineers District Engineer Preliminary Examination of the Indiana Shore of Lake Michigan, (1928 January 1943.
9. "The Vanishing Havens of Beauty," Life (29 August 1960), pp. 79-85, Scrapbook of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore compiled by Dr. Virginia Reuterskiold, Superintendent's Office.
10. Acting Director E. T. Scoyen to Legislative Counsel, Office of the Solicitor, 6 June 1961, folder—W3815 Indiana Dunes, Files of the Northeast Regional Office, 4-28-035-3-3, P-373677, box 16, Philadelphia Federal Records Center; and J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1983, p. 366n.
11. Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 265.
12. News release on the July 23 tour of Indiana Dunes with Secretary of the Interior Stuart Udall, Office of Senator Paul H. Douglas, 24 August 1961, Scrapbook of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore compiled by Dr. Virginia Reuterskiold, Superintendent's Office.
13. Conrad Louis Wirth, Parks, Politics, and the People (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980), pp. 198-9.
14. Clinton Green, Secretary—Treasurer, Indiana Port Commission, "A Memorandum to Interested Citizens," 16 February 1962, Governor Matthew E. Welsh Papers, Folder 3 Indiana Dunes, Box 22, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division.
15. Herbert Read, Chairman, Engineering Committee, Save the Dunes Council, to Ron Cockrell, letter, 7 April 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
16. Secretary Stewart L. Udall to Senator Clinton P. Anderson, Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, letters, 23 February 1962, and to Representative Wayne Aspinall, Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 3 March 1962, 4-28-035-3-3, P-373677, box 16, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Philadelphia Federal Records Center; and Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 269.
17. "Greatest Decade in Conservation History Predicted by Udall," United States Department of the Interior news release, Office of the Secretary, 9 March 1962, file—K3415 Pines. Kennedy's Message Mr. Udall's Press Release on Conservation, 4-28-035-3-3, P-373669, box 8, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Philadelphia Federal Records Center.
18. Kay Franklin and Norma Schaeffer, Duel for the Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983), p. 162.
19. Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 270, 275.
20. Donald Janson, "Kennedy Stand Spurs Indiana Dunes Group," New York Times (11 March 1962), Scrapbook of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore compiled by Dr. Virginia Reuterskiold, Superintendent's Office.
21. Engle, Sacred Sands, p. 275; Paul H. Douglas, In The Fullness of Time: The Memoirs of Paul H. Douglas (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., 1971), p. 540; and Kay Franklin and Norma Schaeffer, Duel for the Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), pp. 163-4.
22. Herbert Read to Ron Cockrell, letter, 26 March 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
23. Indiana Dunes, A Department of the Interior National Lakeshore Proposal, 1966 (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1966), p. 1.
24. Acting Director Hillory A. Tolson to Legislative Counsel, Office of the Solicitor, 22 April 1963, folder—W3815 Indiana Dunes, Files of the Northeast Regional Office, 4-28-035-3-3, P-373677, box 16, Philadelphia Federal Records Center.
25. Douglas, In the Fullness of Time, p. 540.
26. Herbert Read to Ron Cockrell, letter, 26 March 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
27. A Report on the Proposed Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior: August 1963), Visitor Center Library, File Drawer No. 1.
28. Herbert Read to Ron Cockrell, letter, 26 March 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office; and Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, Inc., interview transcript, 22 September 1987, Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana.
29. A Report on the Proposed Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 1963; Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 275-6; Assistant Secretary of the Interior John A. Conner, Jr., to President of the Senate Lyndon B. Johnson, 18 October 1963, folder—W3815 Indiana Dunes, Files of the Northeast Regional Office, 4-28-035-3-3, P-373677, box 16, Philadelphia Federal Records Center (A similar letter was sent to Speaker of the House of Representatives John W. McCormack); and Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, Inc., interview transcript, 22 September 1987, Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana.
30. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Public Lands of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, U.S. Senate, Eighty-Eighth Congress, 2nd Session on S. 2249, "A Bill to Provide for the Establishment of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, and For Other Purposes," March 5, 6, and 7, 1964 (Washington, D.C.: 21-22. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964), pp. 11-13, 17-19,
42. Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 276.
CHAPTER FOUR
1. Indiana Dunes Project Keyman Allen T. Edmunds, Philadelphia Planning and Service Center, to Northeast Regional Director Lemuel A. Garrison, 9 November 1966, folder L58 INDU NL Proposal, 1962-66, (misc. and FY 1973, Expansion Files), Inactive Stored Files, Office of the Superintendent.
2. J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes (Middletown, Ct.: Wesleyan University Press, 1983), pp. 276-7.
3. House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 1st Session, Document No. 78, "Natural Beauty of Our Country," Message from The President of the United States, February 8, 1965, Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, p. 4, book on Indiana Dunes Congressional Hearings in the Office of the Superintendent.
4. The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 39.
5. "Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Report together with Minority Views to accompany S. 360," Senate Report 334, 89th Congress, 1st Session, Calendar Number 322, Providing for the Establishment of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, June 16, 1965, pp. 4, 10, book on Indiana Dunes Congressional Hearings in the Office of the Superintendent.
6. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, 89th Congress, 1st Session on H.R. 51, H.R. 4412 and related bills. Hearing Held in Valparaiso University, Indiana, October 2, 1965, pp. 2-3, book on Indiana Dunes Congressional Hearings in the Office of the Superintendent.
8. Allen T. Edmunds to the files, 19 January 1966, folder L58 INDU NL Proposal, 1962-66, (Misc. and FY 1973, Expansion Files), Inactive stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
9. Indiana Dunes, A Department of the Interior National Lakeshore Proposal, 1966 (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1966), p. 2.
15. Fritz Kessinger to Chief, Division of Legislation and Regulations, "Confidential," 11 April 1966, folder—L58 Indiana Dunes, P-435859, 4-28-049-7-1, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia.
16. House of Representatives Report No. 1782, 89th Congress, 2nd Session, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, July 29, 1966, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Report to accompany H.R. 51, pp. 1-5, book on Indiana Dunes Congressional Hearings in the Office of the Superintendent; Paul H. Douglas, In The Fullness of Time: The Memoirs of Paul H. Douglas (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., 1971), p. 542; and Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 277.
17. Herbert Read, Chairman, Engineering Committee, Save the Dunes Council, to Ron Cockrell, letter, 7 April 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
18. Douglas, In The Fullness of Time, p. 542, and Engel, Sacred Sands, pp. 277-8.
19. Report together with Dissenting Views to Accompany H.R. 11455, 94th Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 94-818, February 10, 1976, book on Indiana Dunes Congressional Hearings in the Office of the Superintendent.
20. Douglas, In The Fullness of Time, p. 543, and Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 280.
21. Thomas E. Dustin to Allen Edmunds, 14 October 1966, file L58 Indiana Dunes, P-435859, 4-28-049-7-1, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia.
22. Douglas, In the Fullness of Time, p. 543, and Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 280.
23. "Statement by the President on Approving S. 360, Establishing the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore," Press Release, Office of the White House Press Secretary, San Antonio, Texas, 5 November 1966, from National Park Service History Collection, Harpers Ferry Center, West Virginia.
24. Allen T. Edmunds, Chief, Office of Resource Planning, Philadelphia Planning and Service Center, to Regional Director, Northeast Region, 24 October 1966, folder L58 INDU NL Proposal, 1962-66, (Misc. and FY 1973, Expansion Files), Inactive stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
25. David Turello, Park Planner and Master Plan Team Captain, to Allen T. Edmunds, Chief, Office of Resource Planning, PPSC, 29 November 1966, file A2623 Indiana Dunes, P-332927, 4-16-033-4-2, box 1, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia.
26. Allen T. Edmunds, Chief, Office of Resource Planning, PPSC, to Assistant Director, Cooperative Activities, Northeast Regional Office, 29 November 1966, folder L58 INDU NL Proposal, 1962-66, (Misc. and FY 1973, Expansion Files), Inactive stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
27. Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, Inc., interview transcript, 22 September 1987, Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana.
28. Herbert P. Read to Merrill Ormes, Vice-President, Save the Dunes Council, 14 November 1966, folder I1425, INDU 10/66 to 12/66, P-422229, 4-16-033-4-2, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia.
29. Ibid., Assistant Director Howard W. Baker to Merrill D. Ormes, Vice-President, Save the Dunes Council, letter, 13 December 1966.
30. Ibid., Senator Paul Douglas to Stewart Udall, Secretary of the Interior, letter, 22 December 1966, folder I1425, Indiana Dunes Correspondence No. 1, 1/67 to 6/67.
CHAPTER FIVE
1. As quoted in Kay Franklin and Norma Schaeffer, Duel For The Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), p. 169.
2. Project Keyman Allen T. Edmunds to Regional Director, Northeast Region, 5 May 1967 (April 1967 report), folder L58 INDU NL Proposal, 1962—66, (Misc. and FY 1973, Expansion Files), Inactive stored files, Office of the Superintendent; and Leslie P. Arnberger, Acting Assistant Director, to Thomas E. Dustin, Chairman, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, 8 December 1967, file—L1425 Indiana Dunes Correspondence 1/68—8/68, P—119120, 4—29—019—3—4, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia.
3. George A. Palmer, former Associate Northeast Regional Director, letter to Ron Cockrell, 11 October 1987, transcript of correspondence, Midwest Regional Office Files.
4. Project Keyman Allen T. Edmunds to Regional Director Lemuel Garrison, 3 August 1967 (July 1967 report), unnumbered boxes of Indiana Dunes Files in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
5. Ibid., Indiana State Coordinator Edmunds to Regional Director Garrison, 4 August 1967.
6. Press Release from the Office of the Secretary, Department of the Interior, "Interior Department to Purchase Tract from Inland Steel for Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore," 5 October 1967, folder—Land Acquisition Program, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent.
7. Philip O. Stewart, former Chief of Land Acquisition, Washington Office, National Park Service, to Ron Cockrell, letter, 24 February 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
8. Leslie P. Arnberger, Acting Assistant Director, to Thomas E. Dustin, Chairman, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, 8 December 1967, file—L1425 Indiana Dunes Correspondence 1/68—8/68, P—119120, 4—29—019—3—4, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia.
9. George Hartzog, Director, to Thomas E. Dustin, Chairman, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, 1 March 1968, file—A18 Indiana Dunes 1966—1968, P—31420, 4—25—021—7—1, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia.
10. Project Keyman Allen T. Edmunds to Regional Director Lemuel Garrison, 29 March 1968, unnumbered boxes of Indiana Dunes Files in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
13. Edward A. Hummel, Assistant Director, to Thomas E. Dustin, Chairman, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, 7 August 1968 and 21 October 1968, folder—Land Acquisition Program, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent.
14. Project Keyman Allen T. Edmunds to Regional Director Lemuel Garrison, 2 June 1967 (May 1967 report), folder L58 INDU NL Proposal, 1962—66, (Misc. and FY 1973, Expansion Files), Inactive stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
15. John J. Longworth to Chief, Development Planning and Project Control, Philadelphia Planning and Service Center, 11 September 1967, folder—A2623 Indiana Dunes, P—332927, 4—16—033—4—2, box 1, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia.
16. J. R. Whitehouse Conversation with Allen T. Edmunds, Special Assistant to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 19 August 1975, at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, transcript, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent; George A. Palmer, former Associate Northeast Regional Director, to Ron Cockrell, letter, 11 October 1987, transcript of correspondence; and George B. Hartzog, Jr., to Ron Cockrell, letter, 24 November 1987, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
17. George B. Hartzog, Jr., to Ron Cockrell, letter, 15 February 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
18. Ibid., Philip O. Stewart, former Chief of Land Acquisition, 17 February 1988.
19. Hartzog letter, 15 February 1988.
20. Whitehouse Conversation with Edmunds, 19 August 1975.
22. State Coordinator Al Edmunds to Regional Director Lon Garrison, 1 November 1967, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
23. Hartzog letter, 15 February 1988.
24. Sylvia Troy, "The Freight Yard Battle," in The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 35; and James R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 11 March 1987, Orlando, Florida, transcript, Midwest Regional Office.
25. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
26. George A. Palmer, former Associate Northeast Regional Director, letter to Ron Cockrell, 11 October 1987, transcript of correspondence, Midwest Regional Office Files.
27. "Lansing Gets Parks Office," Battle Creek (Michigan) Enquirer and News (16 May 1967), folder—A6435 Al Edmunds Move to Mich., P—373663, 4—28—035—3—3, box 2; Northeast Regional Director Lemuel A. Garrison to Director George Hartzog, 5 June 1967, folder—L58 WASO, P—435859, 4—28—049—7—1; Management Assistant James L. McLaughlin to James A. Lee, Chairman, Great Lakes Panel, National Council on Maritime Resources and Engineering Development, 6 August 1968, folder—A2623 Indiana Dunes, P—332927, 4—16—033—4—2, box 1, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia; and Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
28. Acting Regional Director Thomas E. Whitcraft to Lake Central Regional Director, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 27 September 1967, and Acting Assistant Director for Cooperative Activities Raymond L. Freeman to Director, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 9 October 1967, folder—L7019 State Recreation Plans, P—435860, 4—28—049—7—1, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia; and Indiana State Coordinator Al Edmunds to Regional Director Lon Garrison, 1 November 1967, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
29. Park Planner Meredith B. Ingham regarding meeting with John Mitchell, Director of Indiana State Parks, memorandum for the files, 14 May 1968, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds; and Assistant Director for Cooperative Activities Theodor R. Swem to Director George Hartzog, 22 March 1968, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
30. J. R. Whitehouse Conversation with Allen T. Edmunds, Special Assistant to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 19 August 1975, at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, transcript, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent.
31. Project Keyman Al Edmunds to Regional Director Lon Garrison, 29 February 1968, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
34. Herbert Read, Engineering Committee Chairman of the Save the Dunes Council, Inc., interview, 22 September 1987, at Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana.
35. Paul H. Douglas to George Hartzog, 28 October 1968, folder—L1425 INDU Correspondence No. 2, P—119120, 4—29—019—3—4, Records of the Northeast Regional Office, Federal Records Center, Philadelphia; and "Remarks by Allen T. Edmunds, Associate Regional Director, Northeast Region, Great Lakes Area Office to the Beverly Shore Public Meeting of November 14, 1968," folder—Land Acquisition Program and Edmunds to Hartzog, 18 November 1968, folder—Beverly Shores and Porter Beach, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent.
36. Deputy Director Harthon L. Bill to Associate Regional Director Al Edmunds, no date, folder—Beverly Shores and Porter Beach, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent.
37. J. R. Whitehouse Conversation with Allen T. Edmunds, Special Assistant to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 19 August 1975, at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, transcript, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent; and John Schnurlein, former member and chairman of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, 23 September 1987, Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana.
38. Meeting of 4 November 1967, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
40. Ibid.; and John Schnurlein to Ron Cockrell, letter, 22 February 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office—enclosure Rollie Bernhart, "Seeking to Protect Land Values," The Vidette Messenger (Valparaiso, Indiana) (6 January 1968), p. 1.
41. Project Keyman Al Edmunds to Regional Director Lon Garrison, 27 June 1968, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
42. Schnurlein interview, 23 September 1987.
43. Herbert and Charlotte Read interviews, 22 September 1987.
44. Meeting of 6 September 1968, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; and Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987; and Herbert Read interview, 23 September 1987.
45. Secretary of the Interior Walter J. Hickel to Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe, 17 November 1969, folder—Jetport, Records of the Indiana Dunes Advisory Commission.
CHAPTER SIX
1. Management Assistant Darwin E. Williams to Regional Director Lon Garrison, 29 July 1969, folder A2623 Trip Reports (Indiana Dunes), Records of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission (hereafter cited as Advisory Commission Records").
2. Associate Regional Director Allen T. Edmunds to Regional Director Garrison, 23 January 1969, folder—"New Areas," Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent.
3. Meeting of 18 April 1969, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; and Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
4. Management Assistant Williams to Regional Director Garrison, 29 July 1969, folder—A2623 Trip Reports (Indiana Dunes), Advisory Commission Records.
5. Assistant to the Associate Regional Director Bruce J. Miller to Regional Director Garrison, 29 October 1969, folder—Al Edmunds File, Personal Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent.
6. A Master Plan Report for Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (National Park Service, October 1967); A Master Plan Report, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (National Park Service, October 1968); and Master Plan: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (National Park Service, November 1969), all in the National Park Service History Collection, Harpers Ferry Center, West Virginia.
7. Assistant to the Associate Regional Director Miller to Land Acquisition Officer James Sewell, 29 August 1969, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
8. "Lakeshore Land—Buying Progresses," Gary Post—Tribune (18 January 1969), newsclipping folder—(January 1969), Visitor Center Library.
9. Meeting of 16 December 1969, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
10. Assistant to the Associate Regional Director Miller to Regional Director Garrison, 16 January 1970, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
11. Ibid., Management Assistant Williams to Regional Director Garrison, 13 January 1970.
12. Advisory Commission Chairman William Lieber to Harry W. Frey, letter, 25 March 1970, folder—State Park, Advisory Commission Records, Office of the Superintendent.
13. Meeting of 9 October 1970, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
14. Ibid., Meeting of 22 January 1971.
15. "Policies, Programs, and Activities of the National Park Service and the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, "Hearings Before the Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, 92nd Congress, First Session, April 1—2, 1971" (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971), found in book on Indiana Dunes Congressional Hearings, 91st, 92nd Congress, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
16. Meetings of 22 January and 16 April 1971, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
17. "U.S. Park Land Acquisition Reported Now 85% Complete," Gary Post—Tribune (1 May 1971), newsclipping folder—(May 1971), Visitor Center Library.
18. Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior Charles H. Meacham to Representative Abner J. Mikva, 2 June 1970, folder—A8215 Dedication of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.
19. Meeting of 18 and 19 June 1970, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library; and Assistant to the Regional Director James R. Whitehouse to the staff of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 22 September 1970, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
20. "Pick Boss for Dunes Lakeshore," Gary Post—Tribune (9 October 1970), newsclipping folder—(October 1970), Visitor Center Library.
21. James R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 11 March 1987, Orlando, Florida, transcript, Midwest Regional Office.
22. George A. Palmer, former Associate Regional Director, Northeast Regional Office, interview, 11 October 1987, transcript of correspondence, Cultural Resources Management, Midwest Regional Office Files.
23. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987; and Management Assistant Darwin Williams to Regional Director Garrison, 19 November 1970, unnumbered boxes in Building No. 103, stored files, Office of the Superintendent.
24. Ibid., Superintendent J. R. Whitehouse to Regional Director Garrison, 21 December 1970, folder—A66.
25. Meeting of 22 January 1971, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library.
26. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
27. Elwin G. Greening, "Five—Year Lakeshore Plan Outlined: Cost Is Estimated at $5.7 Million," The (Michigan City) News—Dispatch (31 March 1971), newsclipping folder—(March 1971), Visitor Center Library.
28. Interpretive Prospectus, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (Philadelphia: Office of Environmental Planning and Design, Eastern Service Center, February 1971), p. 1.
32. Meeting of 16 April 1971, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library; "Dunes Lakeshore Park to Add Rangers for Policing," Gary Post—Tribune (17 April 1971), newsclipping folder—(April 1971), Visitor Center Library; and Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
33. "Begin Survey of Lakeshore," Vidette Messenger (26 April 1971), news—clipping folder—(April 1971), Visitor Center Library.
34. Meeting of 30 July 1971, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library.
35. Ibid., Meetings of 30 July and 22 October 1971; Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior Curtis Bohlen to Advisory Commission Chairman William Lieber, letter, 23 August 1971, file—Secretary of the Interior, Records of the Advisory Commission, Office of the Superintendent; and Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
36. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
38. Associate Regional Director George A. Palmer to William L. Lieber, letter, 15 November 1971, L58 Expansion of Park (H.R. 10209), Misc. & F.Y. 1973, Stored Files.
39. Regional Director Henry G. Schmidt to Superintendent Whitehouse, 8 February 1971, (report enclosed), A5427 Operations Evaluation.
41. "Message on Environment: Message from the President of the United States Outlining Legislative Proposals and Administrative Actions Taken to Improve Environmental Quality, February 10, 1970, 91st Congress, 2nd Session, H.R.—Doc. No. 91—225, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Congressional Hearings, 91st, 92nd Congress (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970).
42. J. L. Dunning to J. R. Whitehouse, letter, 12 October 1982, A82 J. R.'s Retirement Party Arrangements; and Kay Franklin and Norma Schaeffer, Duel For The Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), p. 223.
43. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
44. Ernie Hernandez, "Landgrebe May Get Aid From Nixon, Hickel," Gary Post—Tribune (9 May 1969), newsclipping file (May 1969), Visitors Center Library.
45. Nathaniel P. "Nat" Reed, former Assistant Secretary of the Interior, interview, 9 March 1987, Hobe Sound Florida; and James R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 11 March 1987, Orlando, Florida, transcript, Midwest Regional Office.
46. Thomas E. Dustin to Hon. Earl Landgrebe, letter, 15 May 1969, folder Indiana Dunes, Files of Allen T. Edmunds, Office of the Superintendent.
47. Meeting of 16 December 1969, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library.
48. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987; Palmer interview, 12 October 1987; and John Schnurlein, former member and chairman of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, interview, 23 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
49. Bruce Ingersoll, "Indiana Dunes Omitted in Park Service Budget," Chicago Sun—Times, (21 January 1971), newsclipping file (January 1971), Visitor Center Library.
50. Ibid., "Stevenson Asks Development: Dunes Park Funds Sought," Gary Post Tribune (11 May 1971), newsclipping file (May 1971).
51. Ibid., Harlan Draeger, "First Dunes Funds Clear Key Hurdle," Chicago Daily News (23 June 1971), newsclipping file (June 1971).
52. Reed interview, 9 March 1987.
54. Ibid., "Naming Lakeshore For Ex—Sen. Douglas Gets Bipartisan Opposition," The Indianapolis Star (2 July 1971), newsclipping file (July 1971).
55. Ibid., and Meeting of 22 October 1971, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library.
56. Meeting of 30 July 1971, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library.
57. Proposed Additions to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Save the Dunes Council, Inc., April 1971).
58. Herbert Read to Ron Cockrell, letter, 6 April 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
59. J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1983), p. 283; and "The Park Expansion—Phase II Begins," Save the Dunes Council Newsletter (August 1971), L58 Expansion of Park (H.R. 10209), Misc. & F.Y. 1973, Stored Files.
60. "Governor and State Commission Oppose Lakeshore Park Expansion," Chesterton Tribune (15 September 1971), newsclipping file (September 1971), Visitor Center Library.
61. Superintendent Whitehouse to Associate Regional Director George Palmer, 4 November 1971, L58 Expansion of Park (H.R. 10209), Misc. & F.Y. 1973, Stored Files.
PART II
1. George A. Palmer to J. R. Whitehouse, letter, 18 October 1982, A82 J. R.'s Retirement Party Arrangements.
2. This section was summarized from opinions provided by the following sources: Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript; Don H. Castleberry, former Assistant Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 1974—1978, interview, 3 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, transcript; Dale B. Engquist, Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 16 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, transcript; and Charlotte Read, Executive Director, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
3. Arthur E. ("Art") Eck, former member of Washington Office Office of Legislation, to J. R. Whitehouse, letter, 15 October 1982, A82 J. R.'s Retirement Party Arrangements.
CHAPTER SEVEN
1. "Remarks by Mrs. Julie Nixon Eisenhower," transcript, 7 September 1972, A8215 Dedication of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.
Operations, 1972
2. Acting Regional Director George A. Palmer to Superintendent J. R. Whitehouse, (transmittal of Operations Evaluation Report), 31 January 1972, A5427 Operations Evaluation.
3. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1972, Management Library.
4. Superintendent Whitehouse to Northeast Region Public Affairs Specialist Bob Burns, 14 September 1972, D34 AYH—Coronado Lodge.
5. Superintendent Whitehouse to Michigan City Mayor Randall C. Miller, 9 August 1972, File—Michigan City/LaPorte County, Advisory Commission Records, Office of the Superintendent.
6. Norma Schaeffer and Kay Franklin, "Industry Versus Preservation," The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 26; and James R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 11 March 1987, Orlando, Florida, transcript, Midwest Regional Office.
Dedication/Establishment Day, September 8, 1972
7. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1972, Management Library.
8. Associate Regional Director George A. Palmer to Director George Hartzog, 31 March 1972, A8215 Dedication of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.
9. Meeting of 23 June 1972, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
10. Ibid., Associate Regional Director for Cooperative Programs Ben Butterfield to Superintendent Whitehouse, 1 August 1972.
11. Ibid., Associate Regional Director Palmer to Director Hartzog, 11 August 1972; and Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
12. "Julie Due In Area," Vidette Messenger (7 September 1972), news clipping file (September 1972, Visitor Center Library; and Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
13. Schaeffer and Franklin, Duel For The Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), pp. 196—9; and Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
14. "Morton Dedicates Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore," Department of the Interior News Release, Office of the Secretary, 8 September 1972, A8215, Dedication of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.
15. Ed Zuckerman, "Dunes Politics: Bayh, Stevenson 'Out' of Dedication," Post Tribune; Bob Jackson, "Morton Asks Everyone to Preserve Heritage," News Dispatch; and Rollie Bernhart, "National Lakeshore Established at Dunes State Park Ceremonies," Vidette Messenger (9 September 1972), newsclippings file (September 1972), Visitor Center Library.
16. Notice of Establishment of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore by Secretary of the Interior Rogers C. B. Morton, 20 September 1972, Federal Register, p. 19389, A8215 Dedication of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.
CHAPTER EIGHT
1. "Report together with Dissenting Views to Accompany H.R. 11455, 94th Congress, 2d Session, Report No. 94—818, February 10, 1976," found in Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Congressional Hearings, 94th Congress, Management Library.
2. "Governor, Guard Join Beach Fight," Gary Post—Tribune (circa 17 March 1973), newsclipping file (March 1973), Visitor Center Library; Meeting of 6 April 1973, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; and James R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 11 March 1987, Orlando, Florida, transcript, Midwest Regional Office.
3. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
4. Superintendent Whitehouse to Regional Director Chester L. Brooks, 6 April 1973, A5639 Indiana Dunes Briefing Statements 1973—1980.
5. Meeting of 6 April 1973, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
6. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
7. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1973, Management Library.
8. Ibid., and Meetings of 6 April and 20 July 1973, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
9. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1974, Management Library.
10. Edward R. Osann, Statement on behalf of Sylvia Troy, President, Save the Dunes Council, Inc., 8 April 1974, folder—Save—The—Dunes, Records of the Advisory Commission, Office of the Superintendent.
11. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
12. Congressman Earl F. Landgrebe to Midwest Regional Director J. Leonard Volz, 8 January 1974, letter, L58 Roush Bill (S. 820), Misc. & F. Y. 1973, Stored files.
13. William Lieber to all Indiana Dunes Advisory Commission members, letter, 27 February 1974, and Lieber to Mrs. Sylvia Troy, 14 June 1972, folder—Miscellaneous, Records of the Advisory Commission, Office of the Superintendent; and George A. Palmer, former Associate Regional Director, Northeast Regional Office, interview, 12 October 1987, transcript of correspondence, Cultural Resources Management, Midwest Regional Office Files.
14. Meeting of 21 August 1974, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
15. Don H. Castleberry, former Assistant Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 1974—1978, interview, 3 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, transcript.
16. Meetings of 1 February, 21 August, and 22 November 1974, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1974, Management Library.
17. Castleberry interview, 3 September 1987.
18. Operations Evaluation Report, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, November 1974, A5427 Operations Evaluation Team 11/4/74—11/8/74.
19. Ibid., Superintendent Whitehouse to Acting Regional Director Merrill D. Beal, 6 January 1975.
21. Meetings of 14 March, 20 June, and 19 September 1975, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1975, Management Library.
22. Superintendent Whitehouse to Acting Regional Director Beal, 10 January 1975, folder—Ogden Dunes, Records of the Advisory Commission.
23. Superintendent Engquist to Regional Director Don Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
24. Meeting of 14 March 1975, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
25. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1976, Management Library; and Operation of the National Park System (ONPS) Appropriations, Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 14 April 1976, A54 Inspections or Appraisals; Investigations and Studies.
26. Meeting of 16 January and 22 May 1976, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1976.
27. "Program of Events, Dedication of the Bailly Homestead, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, July 11, 1976, 2:30 p.m.," A8215 Bailly Homestead Dedication, July 11, 1976.
28. Regional Historian Clary to Associate Regional Director for Planning and Resource Preservation John Kawamoto, 28 June 1976, H30 Bailly Homestead.
29. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
30. Ibid.; and Superintendent Whitehouse to Regional Director Merrill D. Beal, 16 July 1976.
31. Meeting of 16 January and 22 May 1976, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; and William Lieber to Nathaniel Reed, letter, 5 April 1976, folder—Hoosier Prairie, Records of the Advisory Commission.
32. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
33. Meeting of 16 January 1976, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
34. Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
35. James E. Newman and James B. Lane, editors, Steel Shavings: Concerned Citizens against the Bailly Nuclear Site, Vol. 16 (Gary, Indiana: Indiana University Northwest, 1988), pp. 1—4, 11, 16, and 29.
36. William Lieber to John H. Ross, letter, 27 December 1976, folder—State Park, Records of the Advisory Commission.
37. Nathaniel P. Reed, former Assistant Secretary of the Interior, interview, 9 March 1987, Hobe Sound, Florida, transcript, Midwest Regional Office.
38. Acting Regional Director George Palmer to Director Hartzog, 16 July 1971, folder—NIPSCO/Bailly, Records of the Advisory Commission.
39. Reed interview, 9 March 1987.
41. Transcript of testimony by Nathaniel P. Reed before the Atomic Energy Commission, 20 September 1973, folder—NIPSCO/Bailly, Records of the Advisory Commission.
43. "U.S. Interior Official Permitted To Testify," newsclipping, n.p., (circa 20 September 1973), folder—NIPSCO/Bailly, Records of the Advisory Commission.
44. Ibid., John R. Schnurlein to Bill Lieber, letter, 22 September 1973; and Nathaniel Reed to John Schnurlein, letter, 24 October 1973, folder—N.P.S.
45. John Schnurlein, former member and chairman of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, interview, 23 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
46. William Lieber to John R. Schnurlein, letter, 23 September 1973, folder—NIPSCO/Bailly.
47. Reed interview, 9 March 1987.
48. Charlotte Read, Executive Director, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
49. James E. Newman and James B. Lane, editors, Steel Shavings: Concerned Citizens against the Bailly Nuclear Site, Vol. 16 (Gary, Indiana: Indiana University Northwest, 1988), pp. 17 and 34.
51. J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1983), p. 287.
52. Kay Franklin and Norma Schaeffer, Duel For The Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), pp. 223—7; Sylvia Troy, "Citizen Action For Preservation," The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 35; and Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
53. Herbert Read interview, 22 September 1987.
54. Lee Botts, "Preservation Versus Use," The Indiana Dunes Story, p. 29; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1973, Management Library.
55. Reed interview, 9 March 1987.
56. Castleberry interview, 3 September 1987.
57. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
58. Ibid; and Lee Botts, "Preservation Versus Use," The Indiana Dunes Story, p. 29; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1973, Management Library.
59. Charlotte Read interview, 22 September 1987.
60. Herbert and Charlotte Read interviews, 22 September 1987.
61. Superintendent Whitehouse to Regional Director Chester L. Brooks, 7 January 1974, A5639 Indiana Dunes Briefing Statements 1973—1980.
62. Meeting of 6 December 1973, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1967—1973, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
63. Reed interview, 9 March 1987.
64. Congressman J. Edward Roush to Secretary Rogers C. B. Morton, 21 March 1974; Team Manager, Mid—Atlantic and North Atlantic Team, Robert L. Steenhagen (Denver Service Center) to Regional Director, Mid—Atlantic Region, 28 March 1974; and Acting Assistant Secretary Douglas P. Wheeler to Congressman J. Edward Roush, 12 April 1974, L58 Roush Bill Misc. & F.Y. 1973, Expansion Files.
65. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
66. "Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, 93d Congress, 2d Session on H.R. 3571 and Related Bills To Amend the Act Establishing the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and To Provide for the Expansion of the Lakeshore, and For Other Purposes, June 17, 1974," in the book Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Congressional Hearings, 93rd Congress, Management Library.
68. "Further Protection Urged For Indiana Dunes," Conservation Report (21 June 1974), p. 294, enclosed with Meeting of 21 August 1974, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976, Management Library, of the Superintendent.
69. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1974, Management Library.
70. J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 283.
71. "Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, 94th Congress, 1st Session on H.R. 789, H.R. 4926, and H.R. 5241 To Amend the Act Establishing the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and To Provide for the Expansion of the Lakeshore, and For Other Purposes, May 9, 1975," in the book Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Congressional Hearings, 94th Congress, Management Library.
72. Meeting of 20 June 1975, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1974—1976; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1975, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
73. "Report together with Dissenting Views to Accompany H.R. 11455, 94th Congress, 2nd Session, Report No. 94—818, February 10, 1976," found in the book Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Congressional Hearings, 94th Congress, Management Library.
74. Ibid., Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Parks and Recreation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United State Senate, 94th Congress, 2nd Session on S. 3329 and H.R. 11455, May 26, 1976.
77. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1976, Management Library.
78. Ibid.; Engel, Sacred Sands, p. 284; and Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
CHAPTER NINE
1. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1979, Management Library.
2. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1977; and Meetings of 21 January and 21 October 1977, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
3. Dale B. Engquist, Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 16 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, transcript.
4. Regional Director Merrill D. Beal to Manager, Denver Service Center, 30 March 1977, H30 Bailly Homestead.
5. Ibid., Historical Architect Douglas S. Walter to Assistant Manager, Midwest/Rocky Mountain Team, Denver Service Center, 4—8 April 1977; and Regional Director Beal to Superintendent Whitehouse, 28 November 1979.
6. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1977; and Meetings of 21 January and 21 October 1977, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
7. Operations Evaluation Report, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, July 1977, A5427 Operations Evaluation July 21—27, 1977.
8. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1978; Meetings of 20 January, 14 April, 14 July, and 20 October 1978, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; James R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 11 and 12 March 1987, Orlando, Florida, transcript, Midwest Regional Office; and Engquist interview, 16 September 1987.
9. Larry Waldron, "SSA's 10th Year: Celebrating a Birthday," Singing Sands Almanac, Vol. 7, No. 6 (Summer 1987), published by the Friends of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, p. 1.
10. Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
11. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1978; Meetings of 20 January, 14 April, 14 July, and 20 October 1978, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; and Whitehouse interview, 11 and 12 March 1987.
12. Superintendent J. R. Whitehouse to Mrs. Anne R. Taber, letter, 30 January 1974; Superintendent Whitehouse to Regional Director Beal, 1 August 1978; Superintendent Whitehouse to Robert Johnson, National Field Representative, American Youth Hostels, Inc., 18 October 1978 and 20 February 1981, D34 AYH—Coronado Lodge; and Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
13. Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
14. Meeting of 14 July 1978, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent; and Superintendent Whitehouse to Mrs. Ruth H. Osann, President, Save the Dunes Council, letter, 28 July 1978, A22 Save the Dunes Council (F.Y. 78—83).
15. Meeting of 20 October 1978, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
16. Charlotte J. Read to Director William Whalen, letter, 18 December 1978; and Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987. See also Regional Director Jimmy Dunning to Charlotte J. Read, letter, 19 March 1979, A22 Save the Dunes Council (F.Y. 78—83).
17. "Lakeshore Schedules Move of Administrative Headquarters to Porter, Indiana," park press release, 11 June 1979, D34 NIKE Base Facility.
18. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1979, Management Library.
19. Superintendent Whitehouse to Director Whalen, 7 February 1979, A5639 Indiana Dunes Briefing Statements 1973—1980; Norma Schaeffer and Kay Franklin, "Industry Versus Preservation," in The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shore, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 26; and Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
20. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1979, Management Library; and Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
21. Superintendent Whitehouse to Director Whalen, 7 February 1979, A5639 Indiana Dunes Briefing Statements 1973—1980.
22. A. Berle Clemensen, Historic Resource Study, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (Denver: National Park Service, Denver Service Center, February 1979).
23. Meetings of 14 April and 14 July 1978, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
24. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987; and Superintendent Engquist to Regional Director Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
25. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1979, Management Library; and "Donation of Mt. Baldy, February 17, 1979, City of Michigan City to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore," folder—Mt. Baldy, Records of the Advisory Commission.
26. Ibid., dedication program for Hoosier Prairie National Natural Landmark and State Nature Preserve, 3 June 1979, folder—Hoosier Prairie.
27. Director Whalen to Sylvia Troy, letter, 26 September 1979, folder—Save the Dunes Council (F.Y. 78—83).
28. Superintendent Whitehouse to Assistant to the Regional Director for Public Affairs, 1 March 1976 and Acting Superintendent Don H. Castleberry to Regional Director Beal, 1 April 1977, A8215 West Beach Dedication; Save the Dunes Council Newsletter (June 1977), Scrapbook of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore compiled by Dr. Virginia Reuterskiold, Office of the Superintendent; and Historian Martin Marciniak to Historian Ron Cockrell, letter, 9 February 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
29. Meeting of 15 July 1977, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
30. J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1983), p. 288.
31. James E. Newman and James B. Lane, editors, Steel Shavings: Concerned Citizens against the Bailly Nuclear Site, Vol. 16 (Gary, Indiana: Indiana University Northwest, 1988), pp. 2-3, and 37.
32. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1977, Management Library.
33. Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus to Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Dean H. Mitchell, letter, 13 June 1977, folder—Bailly I, Records of the Advisory Commission.
36. Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks Robert L. Herbst to John R. Schnurlein, letter, 12 October 1977, folder—NIPSCO, Records of the Advisory Commission.
37. James E. Newman and James B. Lane, editors, Steel Shavings: Concerned Citizens against the Bailly Nuclear Site, Vol. 16 (Gary, Indiana: Indiana University Northwest, 1988), p. 38.
38. "NPS Suit May Turn into Test Case," Chicago Tribune (17 October 1977), folder—Miscellaneous, Records of the Advisory Commission.
39. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1979, Management Library.
40. Lisa Levitt, "Bailly I: Pennsylvania Nuclear Crisis Clouds Future of NIPSCO's Problem Child," Michigan City News—Dispatch (9 April 1979), folder April 1979, visitor center library.
41. "Summary of Threats, State of Parks Survey," Midwest Region Parks, 27 December 1979, A54 Inspections, Appraisals, Investigations, Studies, Surveys.
43. Whitehouse interview, 11 March 1987.
44. Meeting of 21 January 1977, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
45. Ibid., Meeting of 25 March 1977.
46. Ibid., Meetings of 15 July 1977, 14 July 1978, and 20 October 1978; and "Fact Sheet, S. 599/H.R. 2742 A Bill to Enlarge the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore," Save the Dunes Council, May 1979, included in "Hearing before the Subcommittee on Parks, Recreation, and Renewable Resources of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, 96th Congress, First Session on S. 559 A Bill Relating to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, And For Other Purposes," September 20, 1979, No. 96—73, found in the book Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 96th Congress, 1st Session, Management Library.
47. Meetings of 20 January and 14 April 1978, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
48. Adam Benjamin, Jr., to All Interested Parties, 23 May 1978, W3815 Proposed Legislation to Expand Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore; Briefing Material for Secretary Andrus' visit to Chicago, July 21, 1978, prepared by Public Affairs Office, Midwest Regional Office, July 18, 1978; Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1979; and Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
49. "Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Parks and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, 95th Congress, 2d Session, on S. 2560 A Bill Relating to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, and For Other Purposes, August 10, 1978," (No. 95—161), found in the book Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Congressional Hearings, 95th Congress, Management Library.
50. Meeting of 20 October 1978, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1977—1978, Management Library, Office of the Superintendent.
51. "Fact Sheet, S. 599/H.R. 2742 A Bill to Enlarge the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore," Save the Dunes Council, May 1979, included in "Hearing before the Subcommittee on Parks, Recreation, and Renewable Resources of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, 96th Congress, First Session on S. 559 A Bill Relating to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, And For Other Purposes," September 20, 1979, No. 96—73, found in the book Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 96th Congress, 1st Session, Management Library.
52. Ibid., Hutchison statement with Superintendent J. R. Whitehouse and Art Eck, Legislative Staff, Washington Office.
53. Charlotte Read, Executive Director, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
54. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1979, Management Library.
CHAPTER TEN
1. Greg Reising, General Management Plan public meeting, Gary, Indiana, 16 January 1980, transcript of testimony, visitor center library.
2. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1980, Management Library; and Superintendent Dale Engquist to Regional Director Don Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
3. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1980; and Jim Eng, "NIPSCO Wants Interior Dept. to Withdraw Environmental Request," The Chesterton Tribune (12 December 1980), p. 10, folder—December 1980, visitor center library.
4. Superintendent Engquist to Regional Director Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
5. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1980; Meeting of 20 June 1980, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979—1982, Management Library; and Bob Jackson, "Energy Crunch Boon to Close—to—Home U.S. Parks," Gary Post—Tribune (15 September 1980), folder—September 1980, visitor center library.
6. Acting Regional Director R. Niel Thorne to Superintendent J. R. Whitehouse, 24 July 1980, L3425 Water Sports.
7. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1977; and Meeting of 21 October 1977, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1977—1978, Management Library.
8. Meeting of 14 July 1978, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1977—1978, Management Library.
9. General Management Plan, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana (Denver: Denver Service Center, National Park Service, 1980), p. 63. (Hereinafter cited as GMP, 1980).
10. Charlotte Read, Executive Director, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
11. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1978, Management Library.
12. Dale B. Engquist, Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 16 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, transcript.
13. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1978 and 1979, Management Library.
14. Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript; and Engquist interview, 16 September 1987.
15. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1980, Management Library; Meeting of 14 August and 19 October 1979, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979—1982; and "March 15 Set as New Date for Submission of Indiana Dunes Master Plan to Congress," Office of the Superintendent news release, 5 October 1979.
16. Meeting of 27 July 1979, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979—1982.
29. Ibid., Appendix A, pp. 47—8.
35. Meeting of 21 March 1980, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979—1982.
36. Representative Phillip Burton to Director Bill Whalen, letter, 21 February 1980, and Whalen to Burton, letter, 5 March 1980, file—A3815 Congressional Inquiries and Correspondence F.Y. 80—81.
37. Meeting of 21 March 1980, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979—1982; Superintendent Whitehouse to Director Russell Dickenson, 8 September 1980, file—A5639 Indiana Dunes Briefing Statements 1973—1980; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1980.
38. Ibid., and Meeting of 20 June 1980, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979—1982.
39. Meeting of 21 March 1980, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979—1982; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1980.
40. Ibid., Meeting of 13 September 1980.
41. Ibid., Meeting of 21 March 1980; and Superintendent Engquist to Regional Director Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
42. Charlie Green, "Bayh, Lugar Near Accord on Lakeshore Bill," Gary Post—Tribune (3 September 1980), file—A5639 Indiana Dunes Briefing Statements, 1973-1980; and Charlotte Read, Executive Director, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
43. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1980; James R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 12 March 1987, Orlando, Florida, transcript; and John Schnurlein, former member and chairman of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, interview, 23 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
44. Superintendent Engquist to Regional Director Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
1. Secretary James Watt to Senator Charles H. Percy, letter, 8 June 1981, file—A3815 Congressional Inquiries and Correspondence F.Y. 80—81.
2. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1981; and Meeting of 4 December 1981, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979, 1982.
3. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1982; Meetings of 26 February, 28 May, 27 August, and 29 October 1982, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1979—1982; Superintendent J. R. Whitehouse to Regional Director Jimmie Dunning, 2 November 1981, and Superintendent Whitehouse to staff, 21 May 1981, file K3815 In—House (Newsletters, etc.) 1981; Superintendent Whitehouse to Regional Director Dunning, 28 December 1981, file A64 Organization Charts (1979); and Dale B. Engquist, Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 16 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, transcript.
4. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1983.
5. James R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 12 March 1987, Orlando, Florida, transcript; John Schnurlein, former member and chairman of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, interview, 23 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript; and Superintendent Dale B. Engquist to Regional Director Don Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
6. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1983.
7. Ibid.; and Engquist interview, 16 September 1987.
8. Herbert Read to Ron Cockrell, letter, 16 April 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
9. Lynton Caldwell, "The National Parks and American Land Use Policy," in The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 39.
10. Charlotte Read, Executive Director, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
11. Herbert Read to Ron Cockrell, letter, 7 April 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
12. Assistant Secretary Designate for Fish and Wildlife and Parks to Director, National Park Service, and Acting Director, Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service, undated [circa early 1981], folder A56 "Deauthorization."
13. "Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore In Jeopardy!" Save the Dunes Council Newsletter (May 1981), folder A22 Save the Dunes Council (F.Y. 78—83). The article cites the April 29, 1981, Chicago Sun—Times, "2 Area National Parks Periled in U.S. Order."
14. Charlotte Read interview, 22 September 1987.
15. Statement by National Park Service Director Russell E. Dickenson before the Senate Interior Appropriations Subcommittee, 30 April 1981, folder A56 "Deauthorization."
16. Superintendent Whitehouse to Regional Director Dunning, 1 May 1981, folder A40 Meeting and Speeches.
17. Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
18. Kay Franklin and Norma Schaeffer, Duel For the Dunes: Land Use Conflict on the Shores of Lake Michigan (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), p. 263.
19. Charlotte J. Read, "Shifting Scenarios—What Does the Future Hold?' in The Indiana Dunes Story, p. 46.
20. Superintendent Whitehouse to Division Chiefs, 20 May 1981, folder A54 Inspections, Appraisals, Investigations, Studies, Surveys.
21. Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
22. J. R. Whitehouse to Naomi L. Hunt, Editor, NPS Courier, letter, 20 April 1982, folder A6019 Visit of Secretary James Watt, April 4, 1982.
23. Engquist interview, 16 September 1987.
24. Ibid.; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1982; and "Council Meets With Secretary Watt," Save the Dunes Council Newsletter (June 1982), folder A22 Save the Dunes Council (FY 78—83), Inactive Files.
25. Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987; and Engquist interview, 16 September 1987.
26. Charles Green, "Lakeshore Expansion Slowed," Gary Post—Tribune (21 April 1983), p. 1, folder W38 Legislation; Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1983; and Franklin and Schaeffer, Dual for the Dunes, p. 265.
27. "Park Land Acquisition Hearings Set for April 21—22, 1983," News Release, House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (11 April 1983), Folder W38 Legislation.
28. Charles Green, "Dunes Park Foe Reviewing Buys," Gary Post—Tribune (23 April 1983), p. 1, folder W38 Legislation.
29. Charlotte J. Read to Dale Engquist, letter, 20 July 1983, folder A22 Save the Dunes Council (F.Y. 78—83); and Engquist interview, 16 September 1987.
30. Whitehouse interview, 12 March 1987.
31. James E. Newman and James B. Lane, editors, Steel Shavings: Concerned Citizens against the Bailly Nuclear Site, Vol. 16 (Gary, Indiana: Indiana University Northwest, 1988), p. 52.
32. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1981; Chief, Science Division, to Superintendent Whitehouse and Assistant Superintendent Engquist, 27 July 1981, folder A2623 Reports—Situation, Inactive Files; "Bailly Nuclear Plant," Save the Dunes Council Newsletter (June 1982), folder A22 Save the Dunes Council (FY 78—83), Inactive Files; J. Ronald Engel, Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1983), pp. 288—9; and Herbert Read interview, 22 September 1987.
33. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1983.
34. Charlotte J. Read, "Shifting Scenarios—What Does the Future Hold?" in The Indiana Dunes Story, p. 46.
CHAPTER TWELVE
1. Sylvia Troy, "Citizen Action for Preservation," The Indiana Dunes Story: How Nature and People Made a Park (Beverly Shores, Indiana: Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund, 1984), p. 35.
2. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1984; and "Park Service Invites Bids for Lifeguard Services at National Lakeshore," press release, 21 February 1984, K3415 Press Releases—NPS (Indiana Dunes).
3. Meeting of 21 September 1984, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1983—1985.
4. Ibid., Meeting of 7 December 1984; Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1984; and Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana to James A. McClure, Chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies, no date [circa May 1984].
5. Meeting of 16 April 1984, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1983—1985; and Your Gift of Forever: The Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, printed by Inland Steel Company, 1984.
6. Ibid., Meetings of 12 April, 26 July, and 27 September 1985; Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1985; and Larry Waldron, "SSA"s 10th Year: Celebrating a Birthday," Singing Sands Almanac, Vol. 7, No. 6 (Summer 1987), published by the Friends of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, p. 1.
7. Superintendent Engquist to Assistant Manager, Midwest/Rocky Mountain Team, Denver Service Center, 29 March 1985, folder D34 NIKE Base Facility.
8. Meeting of 26 July and 27 September 1985, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1983—1985; Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1985; and Regional Director Charles H. Odegaard to Director William Penn Mott, "Beach Erosion," Briefing Statement for Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 10 July 1985, folder A64.
9. Regional Director Odegaard to Director Mott, "West Access Road," Briefing Statement for Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 10 July 1985, folder A64; and Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1985.
10. Meetings of 26 July and 27 September 1985, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1983—1985.
11. Superintendent Engquist to Indiana Dunes Land Acquisition Officer, 17 July 1985, folder L14 Acquisition of Lands.
12. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1986; Dale B. Engquist, Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, interview, 16 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, transcript; and former Special Assistant to the Chief Ranger John Townsend to author, review comments, February 1988, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
13. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1987.
14. Superintendent Engquist to All Area Offices, 21 July 1987, folder L14 Acquisition of Lands.
15. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1985; and Meetings of 26 July and 27 September 1985, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Minutes, 1983—1985.
16. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1986.
17. Engquist interview, 16 September 1987.
18. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1985; Superintendent Engquist to all Indiana Dunes employees, 14 May 1985, folder A82 Special Events F.Y. 85; and "Park Service Invites Bids For New E.E. Center," News Release, Office of the Superintendent, no date [late November 1984], folder K3415 Press Releases—NPS (Indiana Dunes).
19. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1986; and Superintendent Engquist to Regional Director Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
20. Superintendent's Report for Calendar Year 1986.
21. Engquist interview, 16 September 1987.
22. Charlotte Read, Executive Director, Save the Dunes Council, interview, 22 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, transcript.
23. School of Engineering, Great Lakes Coastal Research Laboratory, Executive Summary: Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Shoreline Situation Report (Purdue University under contract to the National Park Service, June 1986), pp. 1-2.
CONCLUSION
1. Superintendent Dale B. Engquist, interview, 16 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, transcript.
2. This section was summarized from the opinions of the following individuals: Don H. Castleberry, former Assistant Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 1974—1978, 3 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, interview transcript; Dale B. Engquist, Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 16 September 1987, at Midwest Regional Office, Omaha, Nebraska, interview transcript; Charlotte Read, Executive Director, Save the Dunes Council, Inc., 22 September 1987, at Superintendent's Office, Bailly Administrative Area, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, interview transcript; Herbert Read, Engineering Chairman, Save the Dunes Council, Inc., 22 September 1987, at Bailly Ranger Station, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Porter, Indiana, interview transcript; J. R. Whitehouse, former Superintendent, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, 11 and 12 March 1987, at Orlando, Florida, interview transcript; George A. Palmer, former Associate Regional Director, Northeast Regional Office, 11 October 1987, transcript of correspondence; and Superintendent Dale Engquist to Regional Director Don Castleberry, 3 March 1988, review comments on administrative history, H1417, Cultural Resources Management files, Midwest Regional Office.
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