Joshua Tree
The Native American
Ethnography and Ethnohistory of Joshua Tree National Park
An Overview
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THE NATIVE AMERICANS OF
JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK
AN ETHNOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT STUDY
by Cultural Systems Research, Inc.
August 22, 2002
REFERENCES CITED
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Office.
Barrows, David Prescott
1892 Field notes. Copy on file with Cultural Systems Research, Inc.
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Springs Desert Museum).
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CA: Malki Museum Press.
Bean, Lowell John, and Charles R. Smith
1978 Serrano. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8,
California. William C. Sturtevant, gen. ed., Robert F. Heizer, vol. ed.
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Service.
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Commissioner of Indian Affairs. In Annual Report on Indian
Affairs by the Acting Commissioner. Pp. 154-158. Washington: Government
Printing Office.
Dobyns, Henry F., Paul H. Ezell, and Greta S. Ezell
1963 Death of a Society. Ethnohistory 10(2):105-161.
Douglas, Ronald D.
n.d. Archaeological Investigations in Joshua Tree National Monument. A
study in Adaptive Cultural Change. Thesis, Unnamed University.
Drucker, Philip
1937 Culture Element Distributions V: Southern California. University of
California Anthropo-logical Records 1(1):1-52. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
1941 Culture Element Distributions XVII: Yuman-Piman. University of
California Anthropological Records 6(3):91-230. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Euler, Robert C.
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Fontana, Bernard L.
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Arizona.
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1971 Anthropology of the Numa: John Wesley Powell's Manuscripts on the
Numic Peoples of Western North America, 1868-1880. Smithsonian
Institution, Contributions to Archaeology 14.
Fremont, John C.
1845 Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the
Year 1842 and to Oregon and Northern California in the Years 1843-1844.
Washington, D. C.: Gales and Seaton.
Galvin, John, transl. And ed.
1967 A Record of Travels in Arizona and California, 1775-1776, by
Francisco Garcés. San Francisco: John Howell-Books.
Gifford, Edward Winslow
1918 Clans and Moieties in Southern California. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Greene, Linda W.
1983 Historic Resource Study: A History of Land Use In Joshua Tree
National Monument. Denver: Performed for Branch of Cultural Resources
Alaska/Pacific Northwest/Western Team, U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service.
Hafen, Leroy R., and Carl C. Rister
1950 Western America. 2nded. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice
Hall.
Harrington, John Peabody
n.d. Cahuilla Field Notes. Copy on file at Cultural Systems Research,
Inc. (Acquired before publication of Microfilm copies.)
Hedges, Ken
1983 The Rock Art of Andreas Canyon. In Paniktum hemki: A Study
of Cahuilla Cultural Resources in Andreas and Murray Canyons. Prepared
by Cultural Systems Research, Inc. for the Andreas Cove Country Club.
1989 Sketches and Scratches. In Rock Art Papers 7. Ken Hedges,
ed. Pp. 75-82. San Diego Museum Papers No. 26. San Diego: San Diego
Museum of Man.
Jaeger, Edmund C.
1967 Desert Wild Flowers. Stanford, California: Stanford University
Press.
Jones, Bernard M., Jr.
1986 A Wanakik Cahuilla Solstice Site. In Rock Art Papers,
Vol. 4. Pp. 5-16. San Diego Museum Papers No. 21. San Diego, CA: San
Diego Museum of Man.
Kelly, Isabel Truesdell
1934 Southern Paiute Bands. American Anthropologist 36:548-560.
King, Chester, and Dennis G. Casebier
1976 Background to Historic and Prehistoric Resources of the East Mojave
Desert Region. Report prepared by Archaeological Research Unit,
University of California, Riverside, for U. S. Department of the
Interior, Bureau of Land Management, California Desert Planning Program,
Riverside, CA.
King, Thomas J.
n.d. A Cache of Vessels From Cottonwood Spring.
Kroeber, A. L.
1908 Ethnography of the Cahuilla Indians. University of California
Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8:168. (Reprinted in
Studies in Cahuilla Culture, Malki Museum Press, Banning, California,
1978.)
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Washington: Smithsonian
Institution. (Reprinted by Dover Press, New York).
1948 Seven Mohave Myths. Anthropological Records 11(1):1-70.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
1951 A Mohave Historical Epic. Anthropological Records 1 l(2):71-176.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
1972 More Mohave Myths. Anthropological Records 27. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Kroeber, A. L., and Clifton Kroeber
1973 A Mohave War
Reminiscence, 1854-1880. University of California Publications in
Anthropology 10. Berkeley: University of California Press.
La Fuze, Pauliena B.
1971 Saga of the San Bernardinos. San
Bernardino, CA: San Bernardino Museum Association.
Laidlaw, Robert M. (U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land
Management, Desert Planning Staff, Riverside, California.)
1979
Desert-wide Ethnographic Overview. Volumes I, II, and III. U. S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Desert Planning
Staff, Riverside, California.
Laird, Carobeth
1976 The Chemehuevis. Morongo Indian
Reservation, Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.
1984 Mirror and Pattern: George Laird's World of Chemehuevi
Mythology. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.
Lawlor, Elizabeth Jaen
1995 Archaeological Site-formation
Processes Affecting Plant Resources in the Mojave Desert. Dissertation
submitted to the Department of Anthropology, University of California,
Riverside.
Mollhausen, Baldwin
1858 Diary of a Journey from the Mississippi
to the Coasts of the Pacific. 2 vols. London. (Reprinted by the Johnson
Reprint Company, New York, in 1969).
Neff, Loy C. and Meredith A. Wilson
n.d. Archaeological
Investigations at Joshua Tree National Park, California. Part 2: Data
Recovery at Site CA-RIV-1942. With contributions by Owen K. Davis, J.
Philip Dering, Dawn A. Frost, A. C. MacWilliams, and Charny L. White.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Intermountain
Region, Western Archeological and Conservation Center, Tucson, Arizona.
Noah, Anna C.
n.d. Using Sample Survey Results To Address
Regional Research Designs: An Example From Joshua Tree National Park.
San Diego: County of San Diego Department of Public Works.
Patencio, Francisco
1943 Stories and Legends of the Palm Springs
Indians, as told to Margaret Boynton. Palm Springs, CA: Palm Springs
Desert Museum.
1971 Desert Hours. Palm Springs, California: Palm Springs Desert
Museum.
Patton, Henry W.
1939 Report to the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, December 3.
Rafter, John
1986 Archaeoastronomy of Agua Dulce Canyon.
In Rock Art Papers, Vol. 3. Ken Hedges, ed. San Diego Museum
Papers No. 20. San Diego, CA: San Diego Museum of Man.
1989 Archaeoastronomical Possibility at Ca-Riv-984. In Rock
Art Papers, Vol. 6. Ken Hedges, ed. San Diego Museum Papers No. 24. San
Diego, CA: San Diego Museum of Man.
Ramon, Dorothy, and Eric Elliot
2000 Wayta' Yawa.' Morongo
Indian Reservation, Banning, California: Malki Museum Press.
Roth, George E.
1976 Incorporation and Changes in Ethnic
Structure: The Chemehuevi Indians:. Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern
University.
San Francisco Chronicle
1874 Article, author unknown. March 7.
Schneider, Joan S., Elizabeth J. Lawlor, and Deborah L. Dozier
1996 Roasting Pits and Agave in the Mojave Desert: Archaeological,
Ethnobotanical, and Ethnographic Data. Abstracts from the 1996 desert
Research Symposium, San Bernardino County Museum
Association, Vol. 43, Pp. 29-34.
Schroth, Adella B.
1992 Cremations and associated artifacts from
the Campbell collection. San Francisco: Performed under a contract for
the National Park Service Western Region.
Seymour, Gregory R. and Pamela Lawrence
n.d. Assigning
Geographic Origins to Ceramics at CA-RIV-1950. Department of
Anthropology, University Of Nevada.
Sherer, Lorraine
1965 The Clan System of the Mojave Indians: A
Contemporary Survey. Southern California Quarterly 47(1):1-172.
1966 Great Chieftains of the Mojave Indians. Southern California
Quarterly 48(1):1-35.
1967 The Name Mojave, Mohave: A History of Its Origin and Meaning.
Southern California Quarterly 49(4):455-458.
1994 Bitterness Road, The Mojave: 1604 to 1860, With Comments by
Frances Stillman, a Mojave Elder. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press.
Smith, Gerald A.
1977 The Mojaves: Historic Indians of San
Bernardino County. San Bernardino, California: San Bernardino County
Museum.
Sparkman, Philip Steadman
1908 The Culture of the Luiseno
Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology
and Ethnology 8(4):187-234. Berkeley: University of California Press.
(Reprinted by Ballena Press, 1972).
Steward, Julian H.
1929 Petroglyphs of California and Adjoining
States [See Handbook of N. Am. Ind. Vol 8, Ref Cited]
Stewart, Kenneth M.
1983 Mohave. In Handbook of North
American Indians, Vol. 10, Southwest. William C. Sturtevant, gen ed.,
Alfonso Ortiz, vol. ed. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Strong, William Duncan
1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern
California. University of California Publications in American
Archaeology and Ethnology 26(1):1-358. Berkeley: University of
California Press. (Reprinted in Classics of California Anthropology II,
by Malki Museum Press, Banning, CA, 1972 and 1987).
Sullivan, Maurice S., ed.
1934 The Travels of Jedediah Smith.
Santa Ana, California: The Fine Arts Press.
Trafzer, Clifford E., Luke Madrigal, and Anthony Madrigal
1997
Chemehuevi People of the Coachella Valley. A Short History of the
Sovereign Nation of the Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians.
Sovereign Nation of the Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians,
Coachella, California: Chemehuevi Press.
True, Clara D.
1908 Letter to the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, January 7. Joshua Tree National Park Archives.
1942 Letter to Miss Maud Russell, May 3. Joshua Tree National Park
Archives.
Van Valkenburgh, Richard F.
1976 Chemehuevi Notes. In
Paiute Indians II. Pp. 227-253. New York: Garland Publishing Inc.
Von Till Warren, Elizabeth, Robert H. Crabtree, Claude N. Warren,
Martha Knack and Richard McCarty
1981 A Cultural Resources Overview
of the Colorado Desert Planning Units. Unknown press.
Walker, Edwin F.
1931 Archeological Survey, Twenty Nine Palms
Region.
Warren, Claude N. and Joan S. Schneider
n.d. The Triple House
Site, A Late Prehistoric Housepit Site Near The Cocomaricopa Trail,
Joshua Tree National park: Preliminary Report of Systematic Surface
mapping and Collection. University of Nevada and University of
California, Riverside.
Warren, Claude N. and Joan S. Schneider
1999 Of Pots and People
in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts as Seen From Joshua Tree National
Park: Ceramic Distributions and Implications for Cultural Boundaries.
Paper presented at the 11th Kelso Conference on the Prehistory of the
California Deserts, Panamint Springs, CA.
Warren, Claude N. and Joan S. Schneider
2001 Phase II, An
Archaeological Inventory of Joshua Tree National Park: Description and
Analysis of the Results of a Stratified Random Sample Inventory
Conducted 1991-1992. Unpublished draft, Department of Anthropology and
Ethnic Studies, University of Nevada.
Whipple, Amiel Weeks
1856 Reports of the Most Practical and
Economical Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the
Pacific Ocean. In House Executive Documents 91, 33rd Congress,
2nd Session, Vol. I
Campbell, Elizabeth W. C.
1931 Archeological Survey, Twenty Nine
Palms. Los Angeles: Southwest Museum Papers 7:1-93.
Casebier, Dennis G.
1973 Camp Rock Spring, California. Tales of
the Mojave Road, No. 3. Norco, CA: Tales of the Mojave Road Publishing
Company.
1975 The Mojave Road. Tales of the Mojave Road, No. 5. Norco, CA:
Tales of the Mojave Road Publishing Company.
Dent, George W.
1868 Report of the Superintendent of Arizona
Indian Affairs to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. In Annual
Report on Indian Affairs by the Acting Commissioner. Pp. 154-158.
Washington: Government Printing Office.
Dobyns, Henry F., Paul H. Ezell, and Greta S. Ezell
1963 Death
of a Society. Ethnohistory 10(2):105-161.
Douglas, Ronald D.
n.d. Archaeological Investigations in
Joshua Tree National Monument. A study in Adaptive Cultural Change.
Thesis, Unnamed University.
Drucker, Philip
1937 Culture Element Distributions V: Southern
California. University of California Anthropo-logical Records 1(1):1-52.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
1941 Culture Element Distributions XVII: Yuman-Piman. University of
California Anthropological Records 6(3):91-230. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Euler, Robert C.
1966 Southern Paiute Ethnohistory. University
of Utah Anthropological Papers, No. 78.
Fontana, Bernard L.
1958 History of the Colorado River
Reservation. A report prepared for the Bureau of Indian Affairs by the
Bureau of Ethnic Research, Department of Anthropology, University of
Arizona. Tucson: University of Arizona.
Fowler, Don D., and Catherine S. Fowler, eds.
1971 Anthropology
of the Numa: John Wesley Powell's Manuscripts on the Numic Peoples of
Western North America, 1868-1880. Smithsonian Institution, Contributions
to Archaeology 14.
Fremont, John C.
1845 Report of the Exploring Expedition to the
Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842 and to Oregon and Northern California
in the Years 1843-1844. Washington, D. C.: Gales and Seaton.
Galvin, John, transl. And ed.
1967 A Record of Travels in
Arizona and California, 1775-1776, by Francisco Garcés. San Francisco:
John Howell-Books.
Gifford, Edward Winslow
1918 Clans and Moieties in Southern
California. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Greene, Linda W.
1983 Historic Resource Study: A History of Land
Use In Joshua Tree National Monument. Denver: Performed for Branch of
Cultural Resources Alaska/Pacific Northwest/Western Team, U.S.
Department of the Interior National Park Service.
Hafen, Leroy R., and Carl C. Rister
1950 Western America.
2"d ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Harrington, John Peabody
n.d. Cahuilla Field Notes. Copy on
file at Cultural Systems Research, Inc. (Acquired before publication of
Microfilm copies.)
Hedges, Ken
1983 The Rock Art of Andreas Canyon. In
Paniktum hemki: A Study of Cahuilla Cultural Resources in Andreas and
Murray Canyons. Prepared by Cultural Systems Research, Inc. for the
Andreas Cove Country Club.
1989 Sketches and Scratches. In Rock Art Papers 7. Ken Hedges,
ed. Pp. 75-82. San Diego Museum Papers No. 26. San Diego: San Diego
Museum of Man.
Jaeger, Edmund C.
1967 Desert Wild Flowers. Stanford, California:
Stanford University Press.
Jones, Bernard M., Jr.
1986 A Wanakik Cahuilla Solstice
Site. In Rock Art Papers, Vol. 4. Pp. 5-16. San Diego Museum
Papers No. 21. San Diego, CA: San Diego Museum of Man.
Kelly, Isabel Truesdell
1934 Southern Paiute Bands. American
Anthropologist 36:548-560.
King, Chester, and Dennis G. Casebier
1976 Background to
Historic and Prehistoric Resources of the East Mojave Desert Region.
Report prepared by Archaeological Research Unit, University of
California, Riverside, for U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Land Management, California Desert Planning Program, Riverside, CA.
King, Thomas J.
n.d. A Cache of Vessels From Cottonwood
Spring.
Kroeber, A. L.
1908 Ethnography of the Cahuilla Indians.
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and
Ethnology 8:168. (Reprinted in Studies in Cahuilla Culture, Malki Museum
Press, Banning, California, 1978.)
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Washington: Smithsonian
Institution. (Reprinted by Dover Press, New York).
1948 Seven Mohave Myths. Anthropological Records 11(1):1-70.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
1951 A Mohave Historical Epic. Anthropological Records 11(2):71-176.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
1972 More Mohave Myths. Anthropological Records 27. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Kroeber, A. L., and Clifton Kroeber
1973 A Mohave War
Reminiscence, 1854-1880. University of California Publications in
Anthropology 10. Berkeley: University of California Press.
La Fuze, Pauliena B.
1971 Saga of the San Bernardinos. San
Bernardino, CA: San Bernardino Museum Association.
Laidlaw, Robert M. (U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land
Management, Desert Planning Staff, Riverside, California.)
1979
Desert-wide Ethnographic Overview. Volumes I, II, and III. U. S.
Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Desert Planning
Staff, Riverside, California.
Laird, Carobeth
1976 The Chemehuevis. Morongo Indian
Reservation, Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.
1984 Mirror and Pattern: George Laird's World of Chemehuevi
Mythology. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.
Lawlor, Elizabeth Jane
1995 Archaeological Site-formation
Processes Affecting Plant Resources in the Mojave Desert. Dissertation
submitted to the Department of Anthropology, University of California,
Riverside.
Mollhausen, Baldwin
1858 Diary of a Journey from the Mississippi
to the Coasts of the Pacific. 2 vols. London. (Reprinted by the Johnson
Reprint Company, New York, in 1969).
Neff, Loy C. and Meredith A. Wilson
n.d. Archaeological
Investigations at Joshua Tree National Park, California. Part 2: Data
Recovery at Site CA-RIV-1942. With contributions by Owen K. Davis, J.
Philip Dering, Dawn A. Frost, A. C. MacWilliams, and Charny L. White.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Intermountain
Region, Western Archeological and Conservation Center, Tucson, Arizona.
Noah, Anna C.
n.d. Using Sample Survey Results To Address
Regional Research Designs: An Example From Joshua Tree National Park.
San Diego: County of San Diego Department of Public Works.
Patencio, Francisco
1943 Stories and Legends of the Palm Springs
Indians, as told to Margaret Boynton. Palm Springs, CA: Palm Springs
Desert Museum.
1971 Desert Hours. Palm Springs, California: Palm Springs Desert
Museum.
Patton, Henry W.
1939 Report to the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, December 3.
Rafter, John
1986 Archaeoastronomy of Agua Dulce Canyon.
In Rock Art Papers, Vol. 3. Ken Hedges, ed. San Diego Museum
Papers No. 20. San Diego, CA: San Diego Museum of Man.
1989 Archaeoastronomical Possibility at Ca-Riv-984. In Rock
Art Papers, Vol. 6. Ken Hedges, ed. San Diego Museum Papers No. 24. San
Diego, CA: San Diego Museum of Man.
Ramon, Dorothy, and Eric Elliot
2000 Wayta' Yawa.' Morongo
Indian Reservation, Banning, California: Malki Museum Press.
Roth, George E.
1976 Incorporation and Changes in Ethnic
Structure: The Chemehuevi Indians:. Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern
University.
San Francisco Chronicle
1874 Article, author unknown. March 7.
Schneider, Joan S., Elizabeth J. Lawlor, and Deborah L. Dozier
1996 Roasting Pits and Agave in the Mojave Desert: Archaeological,
Ethnobotanical, and Ethnographic Data. Abstracts from the 1996 desert
Research Symposium, San Bernardino County Museum Association, Vol. 43,
Pp. 29-34.
Schroth, Adella B.
1992 Cremations and associated artifacts from
the Campbell collection. San Francisco: Performed under a contract for
the National Park Service Western Region.
Seymour, Gregory R. and Pamela Lawrence
n.d. Assigning
Geographic Origins to Ceramics at CA-RIV-1950. Department of
Anthropology, University Of Nevada.
Sherer, Lorraine
1965 The Clan System of the Mojave Indians: A
Contemporary Survey. Southern California Quarterly 47(1):1-172.
1966 Great Chieftains of the Mojave Indians. Southern California
Quarterly 48(1):1-35.
1967 The Name Mojave, Mohave: A History of Its Origin and Meaning.
Southern California Quarterly 49(4):455-458.
1994 Bitterness Road, The Mojave: 1604 to 1860, With Comments by
Frances Stillman, a Mojave Elder. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press.
Smith, Gerald A.
1977 The Mojaves: Historic Indians of San
Bernardino County. San Bernardino, California: San Bernardino County
Museum.
Sparkman, Philip Steadman
1908 The Culture of the Luiseno
Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology
and Ethnology 8(4):187-234. Berkeley: University of California Press.
(Reprinted by Ballena Press, 1972).
Steward, Julian H.
1929 Petroglyphs of California and Adjoining
States [See Handbook of N. Am. Ind. Vol 8, Ref Cited]
Stewart, Kenneth M.
1983 Mohave. In Handbook of North
American Indians, Vol. 10, Southwest. William C. Sturtevant, gen ed.,
Alfonso Ortiz, vol. ed. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Strong, William Duncan
1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern
California. University of California Publications in American
Archaeology and Ethnology 26(1):1-358. Berkeley: University of
California Press. (Reprinted in Classics of California Anthropology II,
by Malki Museum Press, Banning, CA, 1972 and 1987).
Sullivan, Maurice S., ed.
1934 The Travels of Jedediah Smith.
Santa Ana, California: The Fine Arts Press.
Trafzer, Clifford E., Luke Madrigal, and Anthony Madrigal
Coachella Valley. A Short History of the Sovereign Nation of the
Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians. Sovereign Nation of the
Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians, Coachella, California:
Chemehuevi Press.
True, Clara D.
1908 Letter to the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, January 7. Joshua Tree National Park Archives.
1942 Letter to Miss Maud Russell, May 3. Joshua Tree National Park
Archives.
Van Valkenburgh, Richard F.
1976 Chemehuevi Notes. In
Paiute Indians II. Pp. 227-253. New York: Garland Publishing Inc.
Von Till Warren, Elizabeth, Robert H. Crabtree, Claude N. Warren,
Martha Knack and Richard McCarty
1981 A Cultural Resources Overview
of the Colorado Desert Planning Units. Unknown press.
Walker, Edwin F.
1931 Archeological Survey, Twenty Nine Palms
Region.
Warren, Claude N. and Joan S. Schneider
n.d. The Triple House
Site, A Late Prehistoric Housepit Site Near The Cocomaricopa Trail,
Joshua Tree National park: Preliminary Report of Systematic Surface
mapping and Collection. University of Nevada and University of
California, Riverside.
Warren, Claude N. and Joan S. Schneider
1999 Of Pots and People
in the Mojave and Colorado Deserts as Seen From Joshua Tree National
Park: Ceramic Distributions and Implications for Cultural Boundaries.
Paper presented at the 11th Kelso Conference on the Prehistory of the
California Deserts, Panamint Springs, CA.
Warren, Claude N. and Joan S. Schneider
2001 Phase II, An
Archaeological Inventory of Joshua Tree National Park: Description and
Analysis of the Results of a Stratified Random Sample Inventory
Conducted 1991-1992. Unpublished draft, Department of Anthropology and
Ethnic Studies, University of Nevada.
Whipple, Amiel Weeks
1856 Reports of the Most Practical and
Economical Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the
Pacific Ocean. In House Executive Documents 91, 33rd Congress,
2nd Session, Vol. I
jotr/bean-vane/historyb.htm
Last Updated: 02-Aug-2004
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