ARMITAGE STATE PARK
GIFT OF
SYLVANUS C. ARMITAGE
IN MEMORY OF HIS PARENTS
GEORGE H. ARMITAGE
&
SARAH JANE STEVENS ARMITAGE
EARLY PIONEERS OF LANE COUNTY
OCTOBER 1938

BATTLE MOUNTAIN PARK
Near this spot in 1878 was fought the
last Indian battle in the state of Oregon

OREGON HISTORY

BATTLE MOUNTAIN

THE DECISIVE ENGAGEMENT OF THE BANNOCK WAR WAS
FOUGHT ON THE FOOTHILLS OF BATTLE MOUNTAIN, JULY 8,
1878. THE WAR—A PROTEST AGAINST WHITE ENCROACHMENT,
AND THE LAST MAJOR UPRISING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
—WAS STARTED BY BANNOCK INDIANS, BUT EGAN, A PIUTE,
INHERITED COMMAND. WOUNDED, HE LED THE BANNOCKS,
PIUTES AND SNAKES ON A WIDE SWEEP OUT OF IDAHO,
THROUGH EASTERN OREGON AND INTO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.
HIS HOPE WAS TO WIN THE UMATILLAS. BUT TROOPS UNDER
GEN. OLIVER O. HOWARD DEFEATED HIM HERE, AND A FEW
DAYS LATER HE WAS BETRAYED AND HIS SCALP WAS
DELIVERED AT CAMP. HIS FOLLOWERS SCATTERED.

BATTLE ROCK STATE PARK

BATTLE ROCK STATE PARK HAS BEEN DEDICATED TO
THOSE EXPLORERS AND PIONEERS WHO PREPARED THE WAY
FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF THE SOUTHERN OREGON COAST.
CAPTAIN GEORGE VANCOUVER SIGHTED AND DETERMINED
THE LATITUDE OF CAPE BLANCO ON APRIL 24, 1792, NAMING
IT CAPE ORFORD. THE ROADSTEAD WAS CHARTED IN 1850 BY
WILLIAM P. McARTHUR, COMMANDER OF THE U. S. COAST
SURVEY VESSEL EWING, WHO CALLED IT EWING HARBOR BUT
THE NAME PORT ORFORD HAS PERSISTED. CAPTAIN WILLIAM
TICHENOR OF THE SHIP SEAGULL LANDED NINE MEN ON
JUNE 9, 1851 FOR THE PURPOSE OF ESTABLISHING A SETTLE-
MENT. THE NEXT DAY THEY WERE ATTACKED BY INDIANS
AND BESIEGED ON THE ISLAND NOW CALLED BATTLE ROCK.
AFTER REPULSING THE INDIANS IN SEVERAL ASSAULTS THE
PARTY ESCAPED TO THE UMPQUA SETTLEMENT. ON JULY 4,
1851 CAPTAIN TICHENOR AGAIN ARRIVED WITH A WELL-
ARMED PARTY OF SIXTY-SEVEN MEN AND ESTABLISHED A
BLOCKHOUSE AND THE SETTLEMENT OF WHICH HE BECAME
A PERMANENT RESIDENT AFTER HIS RETIREMENT FROM THE
SEA.

Deadman's Pass. Old Oregon Trail,
1843-1857.

OREGON HISTORY

JEDEDIAH SMITH

JEDEDIAH SMITH, MAKING THE FIRST RECORDED OVER
LAND TRIP FROM CALIFORNIA, FOLLOWED THE OREGON COAST
NORTHWARD AND ON JULY 13, 1828 CAMPED WITH SEVENTEEN
TRAPPERS ON THE NORTH BANK OF SMITH RIVER CHANNEL
FIVE-EIGHTHS OF A MILE NORTHEAST OF THIS POINT. THE
FOLLOWING MORNING, WHILE SMITH AND TWO COMPANIONS
WENT FORWARD TO FIND A RIVER CROSSING, THE INDIANS
CAME INTO CAMP AND MASSACRED ALL BUT ONE MAN. SMITH
AND THE SURVIVORS ESCAPED TO FORT VANCOUVER WHERE-
UPON JOHN MCLOUGHLIN SENT AN EXPEDITION TO THE
UMPQUA, RECOVERING SOME OF SMITH'S FURS AND EQUIP-
MENT. JEDEDIAH SMITH HAD THREE AMBITIONS: TO SERVE
HIS GOD, TO PROVIDE FOR HIS FAMILY AND TO BECOME A
GREAT AMERICAN EXPLORER. IN ALL THREE THINGS HE
SUCCEEDED.

NAMED FOR CAPT. B. L. E. BONNEVILLE, FAMED
EXPLORER AND ARMY OFFICER, WHO CAME TO
THE "OREGON COUNTY" IN 1832 ON HIS TOUR
OF EXPLORATION. ONE OF OREGON'S MANY
OUTSTANDING FISH HATCHERIES IS LOCATED
HERE. BONNEVILLE DAM WAS BUILT BY THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AT A COST OF
$70,000,000.

THIS PARK DONATED
TO CLATSOP COUNTY BY
FRED W. BRADLEY
AND THE HEIRS OF
ELEMAR E. BRADLEY
OF BAY CITY MICHIGAN
JULY
MCMXXL

OREGON HISTORY

CANYON CREEK

FIRST WHITE TRAVELERS IN THIS GORGE WERE HUDSON'S BAY
COMPANY TRAPPERS GOING TO CALIFORNIA IN 1828. TRAIL
BLAZERS OF OREGON PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT FOLLOWED
THIS DEFILE FOR A MORE DIRECT ROUTE TO UPPER WILLAM-
ETTE VALLEY FROM FORT HALL, IDAHO, IN 1846. IMMIGRANTS
USED THIS PASS IN DECADE FOLLOWING. PACKERS FROM
SCOTTSBURG CARRIED SUPPLIES SOUTHWARD FOR MINERS
AND SETTLERS. THIS WAS THE MAIN ROAD OF STAGES AND
FREIGHT WAGONS TO AND FROM CALIFORNIA BEFORE THE
RAILROAD OF 1883 - 1884.

OREGON HISTORY

CAPE SAN SEBASTIAN

SPANISH NAVIGATORS WERE THE FIRST TO EXPLORE THE
NORTH AMERICAN PACIFIC COAST, BEGINNING FIFTY YEARS
AFTER COLUMBUS DISCOVERED THE WESTERN CONTINENTS.
SEBASTIAN VIZCIANO SAW THIS CAPE IN 1603 AND NAMED IT
AFTER THE PATRON SAINT OF THE DAY OF HIS DISCOVERY.
OTHER NAVIGATORS, SPANISH, BRITISH AND AMERICAN
FOLLOWED A CENTURY AND A HALF LATER.

IN APPRECIATION OF
THE OREGON FEDERATION OF GARDEN CLUBS
AND
THE EARLY LEADERSHIP OF MRS. R. E. FOWLER
FOR THE MANY TREES, SHRUBS, & WILD FLOWERS
DONATED TO THIS PARK

OREGON HISTORY

CHAMPOEG STATE PARK

ESTABLISHED AS PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT PARK IN 1913
TO COMMEMORATE MAY 2, 1843 MEETING OF THE "INHABIT-
ANTS OF THE WILLAMETTE SETTLEMENTS" TO ORGANIZE A
CIVIL GOVERNMENT. THE ORGANIC ACT ADOPTED JULY 5,
1843, WAS A PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION FOR THE OREGON
COUNTRY, THE FIRST AMERICAN GOVERNMENT ON THE
PACIFIC COAST.

"CHAMPOOICK," A CALAPOOYA INDIAN VILLAGE WAS FIRST
VISITED BY HUNTERS AND FUR TRADERS OF ASTOR'S FUR
COMPANY IN 1811, AND BY 1831 THE FIRST FARMS WERE
SETTLED ON FRENCH PRAIRIE TO THE SOUTHWEST BY RETIRED
FRENCH-CANADIAN EMPLOYEES OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY.
BECAUSE OF ITS ACCESSIBILITY THE COMPANY BUILT
A GRAIN WAREHOUSE AT CHAMPOEG IN 1841. THE FIRST
FORMAL ORGANIZATION OF CHAMPOEG TOWN BEGAN WITH
THE SURVEY MADE IN 1852 FOR ANDRE LONGTAIN AND ROBERT
NEWELL. WITH THE FLOOD OF 1861 MOST OF THE TOWN
BUILDINGS WERE SWEPT AWAY, AND IN 1892 THE TOWNSITE
WAS ABANDONED.

Following are the inscriptions on the four sides of a low marble shaft located on the first tract of land acquired for Champoeg:

OREGON HISTORY

WILLIAMSON RIVER

A PACIFIC RAILROAD SURVEY PARTY SEARCHING FOR A
PRACTICABLE ROUTE FOR A RAILROAD TO CONNECT THE
SACRAMENTO VALLEY WITH THE COLUMBIA RIVER PASSED
NEAR THIS POINT BOUND NORTH ON AUGUST 20, 1855. LIEU-
TENANT R. S. WILLIAMSON HEADED THE PARTY WITH 2ND
LIEUTENANT HENRY L. ABBOT SECOND IN COMMAND. AMONG
THE OFFICERS IN THE ARMY ESCORT WERE LIEUTENANT PHIL
S. SHERIDAN AND LIEUTENANT GEORGE CROOK. DR. J. S.
NEWBERRY WAS THE CHIEF SCIENTIST WITH THE SURVEY
PARTY.

GARDEN CLUBS
COQUILLE MYRTLE WAYSIDE
PURCHASED BY
SAVE THE MYRTLE WOODS, INC.
WITH MONEY DONATED BY
THE OREGON FEDERATION
OF GARDEN CLUBS
GIVEN TO THE PEOPLE OF OREGON
1949

DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF
MARIE DORION
RED HEROINE OF THE WEST,
WIFE OF
PIERRE DORION
INTERPRETER WITH THE ASTORIA
OVERLAND EXPEDITION FROM
ST. LOUIS TO THE MOUTH OF THE
COLUMBIA, UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF
WILSON PRICE HUNT,
THAT PARTY PASSED THIS POINT
EARLY IN FEBRUARY 1812.
ERECTED BY THE
OREGON SOCIETY,
DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
MARCH 1, 1941

WILLIAM R. BROUGHTON R.N.
COMMANDING THE BRITISH VESSEL CHATHAM
DETAILED BY
CAPTAIN GEORGE VANCOUVER R.N.
ASCENDED THE COLUMBIA RIVER
BY SHIPSBOAT
TO A POINT
BELOW THIS PLACE
AND NAMED MT. HOOD
OCT 30, 1792
FOLLOWING THE DISCOVERY
AND NAMING OF THE RIVER BY
CAPTAIN ROBERT GRAY
OF BOSTON MASSACHUSETTS
MAY 11, 1792
ERECTED BY THE
TRAIL SEEKERS COUNCIL
AUGUST 24, 1929

William Robert Broughton, R. N.
Dedicated under auspices of the Trail Seekers Council, August 24, 1929. On the Columbia River Highway (US 30) in the Crown Point Vista House — a bronze plaque. Officers of the British navy and United States marines and army were present at the dedication.

The plaque, designed by Doris Wildman, depicts the discovery and naming of Mt. Hood by Lieutenant W. R. Broughton of Captain Vancouver's expedition on October 30, 1792, and shows Chief Ner-chee-ki-oo as guide.

Crown Point was chosen as the site for the memorial to Lieutenant Broughton because it was considered by some as the most easterly position reached by him on his voyage of exploration in 1792.

SAMUEL C. LANCASTER
1864-1941
Chief Engineer

Scenic Columbia River Highway 1913-1915
Pioneer Builder of Hard-Surface Roads. His Genius Overcame
Tremendous Obstacles, Extending and Replacing the Early Trail
Through The Columbia River Gorge With a Highway of Poetry and
Drama So that Millions Could Enjoy God's Spectacular Creations.

IN GRATITUDE TO
RODNEY L. GLISAN
FLORENCE G. MINOTT
M. LOUISE FLANDERS
CAROLINE W. FLANDERS
WHO GAVE THIS PARK
TO THE PEOPLE OF OREGON

OREGON HISTORY

ECOLA

ON JANUARY 8, 1806, WILLIAM CLARK AND PERHAPS FOUR-
TEEN OF THE FAMOUS EXPEDITION REACHED A TILLAMOOK
VILLAGE OF FIVE CABINS ON A CREEK WHICH CAPTAIN CLARK
NAMED ECOLA OR WHALE CREEK. THREE DAYS EARLIER, TWO
MEN SENT OUT FROM FORT CLATSOP TO LOCATE A SALT
MAKING SITE HAD BROUGHT BACK WHALE BLUBBER GIVEN
THEM BY BEACH INDIANS. APPRECIATING THE WELCOME
ADDITION TO THE EXPLORERS' DIET, CLARK SET OUT TO FIND
THE WHALE OR BUY ITS BLUBBER.

TRAVELING A PERILOUS TRAIL ACROSS TILLAMOOK HEAD
THE FOOD HUNTERS, INCLUDING SACAJAWEA AND A YOUNG
INDIAN GUIDE, DESCENDED TO "A BUTIFULL SAND SHORE."
CROSSING A STREAM LATER NAMED ELK CREEK BY EARLY
SETTLERS, THE FOOD HUNTERS FOUND THE WHALE'S 105-FOOT
SKELETON.

SOME OIL AND 300 POUNDS OF BLUBBER WERE BOUGHT
FROM THE INDIANS AT "ECOLA" CREEK, WHO WERE BUSILY
RENDERING THE WHALE MEAT WITH HOT STONES IN WOOD
TROUGHS.

OLD
OREGON
TRAIL
1848 - 57

DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF
THE INTREPID PIONEERS
WHO CAME WITH THE
FIRST WAGON TRAIN
IN 1843 OVER THE
OLD OREGON TRAIL
AND SAVED THE OREGON COUNTRY
TO THE UNITED STATES
ERECTED BY THE OLD OREGON TRAIL ASSOCIATION
July 4, 1923
DEDICATED BY
WARREN G. HARDING
PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES
July 3, 1923

OREGON GEOLOGY

GLACIAL ERRATICS

THE ROCK VISIBLE ON THE HORIZON TO THE NORTH IS A
FINE GRAINED ROCK OF SEDIMENTARY ORIGIN, A GLACIAL
ERRATIC WHICH WAS RAFTED BY AN ICEBERG FROM A SOURCE
FAR UP THE COLUMBIA RIVER TO THIS LOCALITY AT A TIME
WHEN BOTH THE RIVER AND THE WILLAMETTE VALLEY WERE
FLOODED NEAR THE CLOSE OF THE ICE AGE. ERRATICS OF
WHICH THIS IS ONE OF THE LARGEST OF MANY FOUND IN THE
WILLAMETTE VALLEY, ARE SO CALLED BECAUSE THEY WERE
TRANSPORTED FROM THEIR ORIGINAL RESTING PLACE AND
ARE UNRELATED TO ANY LOCAL ROCKS.

FAREWELL BEND, THE LAST CAMP ON THE WEARY
JOURNEY ACROSS THE SNAKE RIVER PLAINS. HERE
THE OREGON TRAIL LEFT THE SNAKE RIVER AND
WOUND OVERLAND TO THE COLUMBIA. HERE
CAMPED WILSON PRICE HUNT, DEC. 23, 1811; CAPT.
BONNEVILLE, JAN. 10, 1834; NATHANIEL J. WYETH,
AUG. 25, 1834; LT. JOHN C. FREMONT, OCT. 13, 1843.

WRECK OF THE PETER IREDALE

HERE LIES THE REMAINS OF THE FOUR MASTED
BRITISH SAILING VESSEL, PETER IREDALE, WHICH
RAN AGROUND OCTOBER 25, 1906 DURING A HEAVY
SOUTHWEST WIND,

SHE WAS ENROUTE FROM SALINA CRUZ, MEXICO
TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER TO LOAD WHEAT WHEN
THE DISASTER OCCURRED.

THE IMPACT OF THE BEACHING SNAPPED THE TOP
OF HER MASTS COVERING THE DECK WITH WRECK-
AGE. A RESCUE BOAT FROM POINT ADAMS LANDED
ALL HANDS SAFELY.

FORT STEVENS STATE PARK

FORT STEVENS WAS NAMED FOR GENERAL ISAAC INGALLS
STEVENS, FIRST GOVERNOR OF WASHINGTON TERRITORY, WHO
DIED A HERO OF THE CIVIL WAR IN 1862. THE FORT WAS
BUILT IN 1864 AND DECOMMISSIONED IN 1947. SOME 3000 ACRES
OF SANDY WASTE LAND KNOWN AS CLATSOP SAND PLAINS
WERE STABILIZED HERE IN THE 1930's BY THE PLANTING OF
BEACH GRASS, SHRUBS AND TREES. THIS PARK AREA WAS
DONATED TO THE PUBLIC BY CLATSOP COUNTY IN 1955.

THE COLUMBIA RIVER TO THE NORTH WAS DISCOVERED BY
AN AMERICAN FUR TRADER, CAPTAIN ROBERT GRAY IN 1792
AND WAS NAMED AFTER HIS SHIP. LEWIS AND CLARK, THE
FIRST AMERICANS TO MAKE AN OVERLAND EXPEDITION TO
THE PACIFIC COAST, CAMPED AT FORT CLATSOP IN 1805-06
FOUR MILES EAST OF THIS POINT.

OREGON HISTORY

FORT ROCK

SOME OF THE EARLIEST KNOWN
INHABITANTS OF THIS CONTINENT
MADE THEIR HOME IN A CAVE IN
ONE OF THE LOW KNOLLS DOMINAT-
ED BY FORT ROCK, VISIBLE ACROSS THIS
BASIN. RADIO-CARBON DATING
INDICATES THAT SANDALS FOUND
IN THE CAVE MAY BE 9,000 YEARS
OLD. FORT ROCK IS THE REMNANT
OF AN ANCIENT VOLCANO RISING
325 FEET ABOVE THE PLAIN. A GREAT
LAKE COVERED THIS ENTIRE BASIN,
SPREADING AS FAR SOUTH AS PIC-
TURE ROCK. IT WAS IN A CAVE FAC-
ING THAT LAKE THAT THE FORT
ROCK PEOPLE LIVED.

Gangloff Park. Dedicated to the pioneers
of Union County by Mrs. J. E. Foley, 1924

Sacred to the memory of John Geisel, also
his three sons, John, Henry, and Andrew who
were massacred by the Indians, February 22,
A.D. 1856, ages respectively 45, 9, 7 and 5
years. Also wife and mother died Septem-
ber 20, 1899, age 75 years.

SILVER FALLS
AND THE PARK LANDS
SURROUNDING IT WERE
DONATED TO THE PUBLIC
BY WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY
APRIL 14, 1935
FOR THE BENEFIT AND
ENJOYMENT OF THE PEOPLE

Guy Webster Talbot
Gave Latourell Falls and this park
To the People of Oregon
in 1914 and 1929
Erected in his honor
By Members of the birthday club

Dedicated to our pioneers of Leno Hill
and the Old Elk Trail, 1832-1864, and to
John and Julia Boyer who operated toll
road 1908-1920 at this spot.
Father of the Salmon River Road.

JENNIE B. HARRIS
STATE PARK

THIS AREA WAS GIVEN
TO THE STATE OF OREGON
FOR PARK PURPOSES
by
LAWRENCE T. HARRIS
IN MEMORY OF HIS WIFE

FEBRUARY 1, 1944

McCORMACK AREA
THIS AREA OF OWYHEE LAKE STATE PARK
IS DEDICATED BY THE STATE OF OREGON
TO THE MEMORY OF
V. W. McCORMACK
FOR HIS OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION
TO THE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF OREGON'S RECREATIONAL RESOURCES
AS A MEMBER OF THE STATE PARKS ADVISORY COMMITTEE

THE ALFRED A. LOEB STATE FOREST-PARK
DEDICATED TO
THE PRESERVATION OF A VIRGIN MYRTLE FOREST
ADMINISTERED BY THE STATE BOARD OF FORESTRY FOR THE ENJOYMENT OF THE PEOPLE
ACQUIRED BY THE STATE BOARD OF FORESTRY
WITH THE GENEROUS ASSISTANCE OF THE FORMER OWNER
FOR WHOM IT WAS NAMED.
THE FOUNDERS FUND OF THE GARDEN CLUB OF AMERICA
THE PORTLAND GARDEN CLUB
IN RECOGNITION OF THOSE WHO SERVED IN WORLD WAR II
THE AZALEA GARDEN CLUB OF BROOKINGS
AND SEVERAL INDIVIDUAL DONORS TO THE SAVE THE
MYRTLE WOODS INC.
1948

MARIA C. JACKSON
STATE PARK
DEDICATED TO PRESERVING
IN ITS NATURAL CONDITION
A VIRGIN FOREST
OF OREGON MYRTLE TREES.
A GIFT OF MRS. C. S. JACKSON
TO THE PEOPLE OF OREGON
THROUGH
SAVE THE MYRTLE WOODS, INC.
1946

WILLIAMSON STATE PARK

THIS TIMBERED AREA GIVEN TO
THE STATE OF OREGON BY
MAUD WILLIAMSON
AS A MEMORIAL TO HER MOTHER
RUBY T. WILLIAMSON
JANUARY, 1934
APRIL 1939

GARDEN CLUBS
MILLICOMA MYRTLE GROVE
PURCHASED BY
SAVE THE MYRTLE WOODS INC.
WITH MONEY DONATED BY
THE OREGON FEDERATION
OF GARDEN CLUBS
GIVEN TO THE PEOPLE OF OREGON
1949

PAINTED HILLS STATE PARK

THE COLORFUL FORMATIONS OF THIS AREA WERE LAID DOWN
MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO DURING THE TIME IN WHICH THE
VOLCANOES OF THE RISING CASCADE RANGE TO THE WEST
WERE SHOWERING WIND-CARRIED PUMICE AND ASH ONTO
CENTRAL OREGON.

THE VOLCANIC SEDIMENTS ARE BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN
DEPOSITED IN WATER, AT LEAST IN PART, AND DURING A
TIME OF MILD HUMID CLIMATE, THE LAYERS OF VARYING
MATERIAL GRADUALLY DECOMPOSED TO FORM THESE
COLORED BANDS AS THE ASH WAS ALTERED TO CLAY.

THE STRATA EXPOSED IN THE PAINTED HILLS REGION ARE
REFERRED TO AS CLARNO AND JOHN DAY FORMATIONS. THE
FOSSIL LEAF IMPRESSIONS OF REDWOOD, CINNAMON, FIG,
ALDER, AND OTHER TREES AND PLANTS FOUND IN THIS
VICINITY HAVE GIVEN CLUES AS TO THE FORMER DAMP
WARM CLIMATE OF THE AREA IN THE TIME BEFORE THE RISE
OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS.

OREGON HISTORY

PETER SKENE OGDEN

THIS PARK IS NAMED FOR PETER SKENE OGDEN, 1793 - 1854.
IN THE FALL OF 1825, OGDEN LED A HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY
TRAPPING PARTY ON THE FIRST RECORDED JOURNEY INTO
CENTRAL OREGON, CROSSING THE COUNTRY TO THE NORTH
AND EAST INTO THE CROOKED RIVER VALLEY NOT FAR ABOVE
HERE. HE WAS IN THE VICINITY AGAIN IN 1826 BOUND FOR
THE HARNEY BASIN AND THE KLAMATH REGION WHERE HE
DISCOVERED MOUNT SHASTA. OGDEN WAS AN IMPORTANT
FIGURE IN THE EARLY FUR TRADE AND RANGED OVER ALL
THE WEST. HE RESCUED THE SURVIVORS OF THE WHITMAN
MASSACRE. OGDEN, UTAH, WAS NAMED FOR HIM.

To Terrence Hardington Foley who
devoted his energy, courage, and
ability to developing the resources
of nature, this natural monument is
dedicated as a fitting testimonial to
his great value as a pioneer and
citizen.

Not until this Highway was built
Was it possible to go up or down
The Columbia River Gorge
Earliest Periods Rafts and
Dug-out native boats
Later Period Steamboats
and Railroad
Erected by loving friends
to the memory of Samuel Hill
Alonzo Victor Lewis
Sculptor
John G. Edwards
Designer

CHANTICLEER POINT
PORTLAND WOMEN'S FORUM
DEDICATED TO THE PRESERVATION OF THE
NATURAL BEAUTY OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER GORGE
MAY 19, 1960
(LIST OF MEMBERSHIP)

OREGON HISTORY

THE BATTLE OF PISTOL RIVER

SEVERE FIGHTING TOOK PLACE IN CURRY COUNTY DURING
THE LAST ROGUE RIVER INDIAN WAR. IN MARCH 1856 A
COMPANY OF MINUTE MEN 34 STRONG UNDER COMMAND OF
GEORGE H. ABBOT WERE BESIEGED IN AN IMPROVISED FORTI-
FICATION OF LOGS BY A LARGE FORCE OF PISTOL RIVER AND
ROGUE RIVER INDIANS. THE INDIANS CONTRARY TO THEIR
USUAL CUSTOM REPEATEDLY CHARGED WITH DESPERATE
COURAGE. THE SIEGE INVOLVING HAND TO HAND FIGHTING
WAS CARRIED ON FOR SEVERAL DAYS UNTIL THE INDIANS
WERE FINALLY DISPERSED BY REGULAR TROOPS UNDER
CAPTAINS ORD AND JONES.

THIS LOCATION APPROXIMATELY THE CENTER OF
TWO MILES OF SPECTACULAR OCEAN COAST LINE
A PORTION OF
SAMUEL H. BOARDMAN STATE PARK
WAS DONATED TO THE PEOPLE OF OREGON BY
BORAX CONSOLIDATED, LIMITED
PREDECESSOR TO
UNITED STATES BORAX & CHEMICAL CORPORATION
SEPTEMBER 1950

Shelton Park. Presented to the people of
Oregon by the Kinzua Lumber Company
of Warren, Penn., Edward N. Witmore,
President, in memory of Lewis D. W.
Shelton, pioneer of 1847, Surveyor, Sol-
dier, born Missouri, 1841, died Oregon,
1919. A True Gentleman.

SHEPPERD'S DELL
PRESENTED TO THE
CITY OF PORTLAND
BY GEORGE SHEPPERD
MAY 6, 1915

1926

To the memory of
Thomas S. Summers
donor of this property
to the public May 4, 1871

SUNSET HIGHWAY
THIS HIGHWAY IS REVERENTLY DEDICATED
TO OREGON'S SONS. MEMBERS OF THE 41st
DIVISION, BOTH LIVING AND DEAD, WHO WORE
THE SUNSET EMBLEM AND OFFERED THEIR ALL
IN COMPLETE DEVOTION TO
THE CAUSE OF WORLD PEACE

To
Thomas Condon
1822 - 1907

Pioneer Oregon Geologist, Teacher, Author, Clergyman
who came to Oregon around Cape Horn as a pioneer
missionary in 1853. Who provided a church at The Dalles
for all Christian Faithes; who was the first investigator of
the Fossil Beds of the John Day Country; who at the
founding of the University of Oregon in 1876 became its
first Professor of Geology and continued as Professor and
Teacher until 1907; whose geological class room was the
great outdoors and whose book "The Two Island" was
the foundation for the study of the Historical Geology of
Oregon.

This plaque is dedicated by the Geological Society of the
Oregon Country —

OREGON GEOLOGY

JOHN DAY FOSSIL BEDS

This formation takes its name from the river
named for John Day of the Astor overland
party of 1811.

FAMOUS THE WORLD OVER FOR THEIR
WEALTH OF FOSSIL BONES, THE COLOR-
FUL JOHN DAY BEDS WERE LAID DOWN
IN LATE OLIGOCENE TIMES WHEN VOL-
CANIC ASH CHOKED STREAMS AND FILLED
LAKE BASINS. ANIMALS OF BOTH FOR-
ESTS AND PLAINS WERE ENTOMBED. IT
WAS A VARIED FAUNA INCLUDING BEAR
DOGS AND GIANT CATS. RHINOS LIVED
ON RIVER BANKS. TINY CAMELS AND
THREE-TOED HORSES WERE ABUNDANT.
THEIR BONES ARE BURIED HERE, AND
WHEN BROUGHT TO LIGHT BY EROSION
ILLUSTRATE ONE CHAPTER OF THE
STORY OF OREGON'S ANCIENT PAST.

TOUVELLE
MEMORIAL STATE PARK
DONATED BY
FRANK LEBLOND TOUVELLE
IN MEMORY OF HIS WIFE
ELIZABETH BLOSSER TOUVELLE
JANUARY 1946

OREGON HISTORY

NATIONAL
INDIAN CEMETERY

THE WALLOWA LAKE INDIAN
CEMETERY HAS BEEN USED FOR
MANY GENERATIONS AS A BURIAL
PLACE FOR THE NEZ PERCE AND
UMATILLA INDIAN TRIBES BUT
ONLY A FEW OF THE GRAVES
HAVE BEEN MARKED. BONES OF
CHIEF OLD JOSEPH (TA WEET
TUEKAKAS), THE FATHER OF THE
FAMOUS INDIAN WARRIOR CHIEF
JOSEPH, WERE REBURIED HERE
AND A MONUMENT ERECTED TO
HIS MEMORY IN 1926. ONE COUPLE,
PIONEER FRIENDS OF THE INDIANS,
ARE ALSO BURIED HERE.

OREGON GEOLOGY

WALLOWA LAKE

WALLOWA LAKE HAS BEEN FORMED BY
THE DAMMING ACTION OF GLACIAL DRIFT.
THE EASTERLY SHORE OF THE LAKE IS A
SPLENDID EXAMPLE OF A LATERAL MORAINE
AND THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF THE
LAKE OF A TERMINAL MORAINE. BEYOND
THE TERMINAL MORAINE AN OUTWASH
PLAIN EXTENDS BEYOND THE TOWN OF
JOSEPH. THE EAST AND WEST LATERAL
MORAINES RECORD TWO MAJOR STAGES
OF GLACIATION AND POSSIBLY SEVERAL
MINOR ADVANCES AND RETREATS DURING
EACH STAGE. THE LAKE HAS A DEPTH OF
283 FEET AND THE MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF
THE MORAINES IS 1200 FEET FROM LAKE
BOTTOM TO CREST. THE GLACIATION OC-
CURRED DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE
AGE APPROXIMATELY A MILLION YEARS
AGO AND EXTENDED DOWN TO ABOUT
THIS LEVEL.

WILLAMETTE STONE
STATE PARK

THIS TRAIL LEADS TO THE WILLAMETTE STONE, THE SURVEYORS' MONUMENT AT THE INTERSECTION OF THE WIL-
LAMETTE BASE LINE AND THE WILLAMETTE MERIDIAN. ALL
THE LANDS OF OREGON WERE SECTIONIZED FROM THESE
GUIDE LINES. THE MARK WAS ESTABLISHED ON JUNE 4, 1851,
BY JOHN R. PRESTON, FIRST SURVEYOR GENERAL OF OREGON.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THIS STONE WAS THE START OF
THE SECTIONIZING OF THE PUBLIC DOMAIN ON THE NORTH
PACIFIC COAST AND THE MONUMENT IS OF PARTICULAR
INTEREST TO ALL SURVEYORS AND ABSTRACTORS. ITS GEO-
GRAPHIC POSITION IS: 45° 31' 10."831 IN LATITUDE AND 122°
44' 33."551 IN LONGITITUDE.

Beginning here, the Wil- lamette Meridian was es- tablished running North to Puget Sound and South to the California border, and the Base Line was estab- lished running East to the Idaho border and West to     the Pacific Ocean

From these surveyed lines, the lands of the Northwest were divided into
Townships six miles square beginning at the Willamette Base Line
numbering North or South and given a range beginning at the Willam-
ette Meridian numbering East and West. Each full Township is divided
into Thirty-six Sections of land one mile square which are numbered
starting at the Northeast corner of each Township as shown in the
diagram above.

THE
TILLAMOOK BURN

TREES ON 240,000 ACRES WERE
KILLED IN 1933 IN ONE OF THE
NATIONS WORST FOREST FIRES
WHICH STARTED FOUR MILES
NORTHEAST OF THIS POINT. LATER
FIRES EXTENDED THE BURN TO
255,000 ACRES, TO MORE THAN
13 BILLION BOARD FEET OF TIMBER
THIS AREA IS NOW BEING REFORESTED
WITH DOUGLAS FIR, SPRUCE, CEDAR,
AND HEMLOCK, WITH EFFECTIVE PROTECTION
A NEW FOREST WILL IN A FEW DECADES BE
READY TO HARVEST ON THE "TILLAMOOK BURN".

OREGON HISTORY

YAQUINA BAY

THE OLD YAQUINA BAY LIGHTHOUSE ESTABLISHED IN 1871 IS
THE EARLIEST AID TO NAVIGATION STANDING WITHIN THE
RANGE OF THE FIRST RECORDED LANDFALL MADE FROM A
SHIP TO THE SHORES OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. CAPTAIN
JAMES COOK MADE THIS LANDFALL ON MARCH 7, 1778. AT
NOON HE NAMED CAPE FOULWEATHER. ON ACCOUNT OF THE
HEAVY WEATHER HE WAS COMPELLED TO STAND OUT AT SEA
AT NIGHT AND ONLY APPROACH THE LAND IN THE AFTER-
NOON SO THAT HE WAS UNABLE TO FIND ANY HARBOR ALONG
THE OREGON COAST. NEWS OF COOK'S VOYAGE TO THE
PACIFIC NORTHWEST STIMULATED THE AMERICAN INTERESTS
IN THIS REGION AND AROUSED IN THOMAS JEFFERSON AN
INTEREST THAT LED TO THE LOUISIANA PURCHASES IN 1803
AND THE DISPATCH OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION.