For The Trees An Illustrated History of the Ozark-St. Francis National Forests 1908-1978

Chapter 1

1. The Arkansas Gazette, March 8, 1908.

2. Letter from C.S. Chapman, Assistant Forester to the District Forester, March 30, 1909. Record Group 95, Records of the Forest Service, National Archives Building, Washington, D.C. Original Proclamation, Ozark-St. Francis National Forest History File, Russellville, Arkansas.

3. "Forest Working Plan, Ozark National Forest, Section I, General Description, undated report. History File. pp. 2-3.

4. Harry Ashmore. Arkansas: A History (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1978). pp. 5-6.

5. John Gould Fletcher. Arkansas (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1947). p.34

6. Hazel Presson. The Story of Arkansas, 4th revision (Little Rock: Democrat Printing and Lithograph, 1963). p. 106.

7. Thomas Nuttall. A Journal of Travels Into the Arkansas Territory (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1966). p. 115.

8. "Ozark National Forest and Game Preserve." undated and unsigned, but probably an account by J.M. Wait, a forest officer employed by the Ozark National Forest. Probable date, 1926. History File.

9. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. "Forest Direction Statement for Managing the Ozark National Forest," 1976. p. 10.

10. Guy Wilkinson. History of the Ozark and St. Francis National Forest, 1908-1961. p. 4.

11. The Arkansas Gazette, February 9, 1911. p. 2 Article by J.R. Fordyce.

12. Murray E. Bruner. "Summary of the Forestry Situation in Arkansas." November 1924. History File.

13. Nuttall. pp. 67-68.

14. Nuttall. pp. 57-58.

15. Frederick Gerstaecker. Wild Sports in the Far West, translated from German (Boston: Crosby, Nichols and Company, 1859). pp. 136-137.

16. Nuttall. p. 143.

Chapter 2

1. The Arkansas Gazette, May 2, 1948.

2. The Southwest American, Fort Smith, Arkansas, May 3, 1948.

3. Inspection Correspondence. Special Report by T.D. Woodbury. September 8, 1908./RG-95.

4. Inspection Reports. H.B. Jamison. May 21, 1909. RG-95.

5. The Arkansas Gazette, April 16, 1909. p. 3. Journal of the Senate of Arkansas, April 15, 1909. pp. 286-287. Journal of the House of Representatives, April 16, 1909.

6. The Arkansas Gazette, May 6, 1909. Shows the resolution passed by a vote of 56-22. Repeated in Gazette of May 7, 1909. The Journal of the House of Representatives, May 6, 1909. pp. 852-853.

7. Percy Paxton. "Notes on the National Forests and Purchase Units of Region 8." Typewritten report. p. 3 and p. 14. History File.

8. The Spectator, Ozark, Arkansas, May 7, 1948.

9. Ozark National Forest Annual Statistical Report for FY 1978.

Chapter 3

1. The Arkansas Gazette, May 2, 1948.

2. File record of Francis Kiefer.

3. Inspection Reports 1909 by H. B. Jamison, Law Officer, RG-95.

4. File record of Francis Kiefer.

5. Gifford Pinchot. Breaking New Ground (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1947). p. 279.

6. File record of Francis Kiefer.

7. Harold K. Steen. The U.S. Forest Service: A History (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1976). P. 170. Quoting an article "My Landlord Uncle Sam," The Federal Employee, January 1920.

8. Fort Smith Times, April 30, 1908.

9. Ashmore. p. 48. Quoting from "Arkansas: A Guide to the State" by the Works Progress Administration, 1941.

10. Inspection Reports, 1906-1908. H.B. Jamison, May 21, 1909. p. 34. RG-95.

11. Wilkinson. p. 12.

12. Wilkinson. p. 13.

13. J.M. Wait. Letter to the District Forester. July 6, 1928.

14. Sharon W. Bass. "U.S. Forest Service Photography: The Ozark National Forest Photographic Collection and the Work of James Maurice Wait" (Master's thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 1979). pp. 64-70.

Chapter 4

1. The Baxter Bulletin, June 26, 1942.

2. H.R. Koen scrapbook. History File.

3. Arkansas Democrat, August 20, 1950.

4. File records of H.R. Koen

5. Paxton. p. 21.

6. Wilkinson. p. 18.

7. Paxton. p. 21

8. Wilkinson. pp. 22-23.

9. Wilkinson. p. 23.

10. The Arkansas Gazette, December 13, 1942.

11. ibid.

12. ibid.

13. Wilkinson. pp. 25-26.

Chapter 5

1. The Russellville Courier Democrat, October 22, 1941.

2. The Baxter Bulletin, June 26, 1942.

3. Courier Democrat, March 27, 1943.

4. The Arkansas Gazette, February 8, 1942.

5. Courier Democrat, March 27, 1953.

6. The Arkansas Gazette, February 8, 1942.

7. Arkansas Democrat, March 7, 1943.

8. Southwest Times Record, Fort Smith, Arkansas, August 10, 1941.

9. Courier Democrat, May 12, 1943.

10. Arkansas Democrat, March 7, 1943.

11. The Arkansas Gazette, February 8, 1942. 40th Anniversary Report, 1948. History File.

12. The Arkansas Gazette, January 1942.

13. Courier Democrat, March 1, 1945.

14. Courier Democrat, March 3, 1945.

15. Wilkinson. p. 28.

16. Wilkinson. p. 28, 30, and 31.

Chapter 6

1. Nuttall. pp. 57-58.

2. Pinchot. pp. 37-38.

3. Irene Moke. "A Geographic Survey of Arkansas." Mimeographed. Undated. p. 11.

4. Tom Foti. Arkansas: Its Land and Its People (Arkansas Department of Education, Environment and Conservation Office, 1976). p. 11.

5. Foti. pp. 17-18.

6. Ashmore. p. 5.

7. Fletcher. pp. 11-12.

8. John L. Ferguson. "A Brief History of the St. Francis National Forest Area." History File.

9. Wilkinson. pp. 34-35. Based on Norbourne W. Fisher's compilation. Document in History File entitled, "Old Marianna-Helena Land Use Project." p. 2.

10. Wilkinson. p. 36.

11. Wilkinson. p. 38.

12. Wilkinson. p. 40.

Chapter 7

1. William W. Bergoffen, 100 Years of Federal Forestry (U.S.D.A. Information Bulletin No. 402, GPO, 1976). p. 11.

2. ibid.

3. Pinchot. p. 256.

4. Steen. pp. 298-307.

5. U.S. Department of Commerce. 1960 Census of Population. V. I, Part 5.

6. U.S. Department of Commerce. 1964 Census of Agriculture. V. VI, Part 5.

7. 1960 Census of Population.

8. Ashmore. p. xx.

9. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Eastern and Southern Regions, Forest Service. "Guide for Managing the National Forests in the Ozark Highlands," 1974. p. 25.

10. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Principal Laws Relating to Forest Service Activities (Agriculture Handbook No. 453, GPO, 1974).

Chapter 8

1. The Ozark Institute, Eureka Springs, Arkansas.

2. The information about resource management activities in the years since 1960 is based on a series of reports, chiefly those submitted to then Forest Supervisor Larry Henson. These reports can be found in the History File of the Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, Russellville, Arkansas. Exception to citations from these reports are otherwise noted.

3. Kenneth L. Smith. Buffalo River Country (Fayetteviille, Arkansas: The Ozark Society, 1970). p. 175.

4. Kenneth L. Smith. Telephone interview, April 1980, Fayetteville, Arkansas.

5. Fire Reports. History File, Russellville, Arkansas.

6. Gene Jackson. Telephone interview, April, 1980.

7. Ray Tackett, Telephone interview, April 1980.

8. U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Southern Region. "Timber Management Plan. Final Environmental Statement" (Russellville, Arkansas, 1978). p. 5.

9. Nancy McDonough. Garden Sass: A Catalog of Arkansas Folkways (New York: Coward, McCann and Geoghan, 1975). p. 262.

10. Timber Management Plan. p. 30.

11. Timber Management Plan. p. 29.

Chapter 9

1. John Fleming. The Blanchard Springs Caverns Story (Little Rock: Gallinule Society Publishing Company, Inc., 1973). p. 30.

2. Fleming. p. 35.

3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. "Progress Report and Supplemental Data to the Preliminary Plan for Blanchard Springs Caverns, Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, Arkansas," revised, 1972. p. 11.

4. Fleming. pp. 36-44.

5. The Arkansas Gazette, April 18, 1976.

6. U.S. Department of Agriculture Guide For Managing the National Forests in the Ozark Highlands. p. 27.

7. Farm Bureau Press, August 1978.

8. Steen. p. 325.

9. U.S.D.A. Principal Laws. p. 62.

10. Steen. pp. 190-191.

11. Timber Management Plan. p.7.

12. Report by Carl Benson. Unpublished, undated. History File, Russellville, Arkansas.

13. Pinchot. pp. 283-285.