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Lincoln Boyhood
Administrative History |
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NOTES
Prologue
1. The background information is repeated in a variety of sources, and may be considered general knowledge. The account presented here was taken largely from three sources: Charles E. Shedd, Jr., Historic Sites Survey: Lincoln State Park and Nancy Hanks Lincoln State Memorial, Spencer County, Indiana (National Park Service, 1959), 18-29 passim; Indiana Department of Conservation, Division of State Parks, Lands, and Waters, The Nancy Hanks Lincoln State Memorial (n.p., 1959); and Note, Jerry Sanders to author, May 5, 1987.
Chapter 1
1. Charles E. Shedd, Jr., "Historic Sites Survey, Lincoln State Park and Nancy Hanks Lincoln State Memorial, Spencer County, Indiana." (U. S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Philadelphia, 1959, Typescript), 18-25, passim.
2. John E. Santosuosso, A Survey of Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and Lincoln City (Lincoln City: National Park Service, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, 1970), 22; Bess V. Ehrmann, The Missing Chapter in the Life of Abraham Lincoln (Chicago: Walter M. Hill, Publisher, 1938), 82-83; and Edward McM. Larrabee, "Preliminary Excavations at the Cabin Site, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City, Indiana" (U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1967, Typescript), 24. In a letter from Lincoln State Park Superintendent Joe Wiebe to Paul V. Brown dated December 31, 1931, Wiebe reported the "tin tipes" [sic] were in the possession of the "Elliott sisters" of Dale, Indiana. See Larrabee, p. 72.
7. Ibid., 116; Charlotte N. Baird, "The Making of a Memorial," Rockport-Spencer County Sesquicentennial (n.p., n.d.); and Park files, Cemetery History, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City, Indiana.
8. Park files, Cemetery History.
10. Joseph D. Armstrong, "The Lincolns in Spencer County (n.p., n.d.), 60-61; Baird, "Making of a Memorial"; and Richard Lieber/Indiana Lincoln Union Papers, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division, Indianapolis (hereafter cited as Lieber/ILU Papers). Note that these sources contradict the 1870 date contained in the Indiana Lincoln Union report, The Indiana Lincoln Memorial (Indianapolis: Indiana Lincoln Union, 1935), which was quoted in Jill York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground: An Expression of Sentiment and Reason (Omaha: National Park Service, Midwest Regional Office, 1984), 2.
11. P. E. Studebaker to Gov. James E. Mount, June 11, 1897, Lieber/ILU Papers; Notes on meeting with Gov. J. Frank Hanley, n.d., Lieber/ILU Papers; Santosuosso, 94-95; York, 2; and Clem Studebaker to Gov. James E. Mount, June 10, 1897, Lieber/ILU Papers.
13. P. E. Studebaker to Gov. James E. Mount, June 11, 1897, Lieber/ILU Papers; Notes on Hanley meeting, Lieber/ILU Papers; and York, 2.
14. York, 2-3; Santosuosso, 100; Constitution of the Indiana Lincoln Memorial Association, Park files, Park Related Organizations, Indiana Lincoln Memorial Association, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City; Chronological Outline of Significant Events and Dates Relating to the Development of the Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial, Presently Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Park files, Material on the Creation of Lincoln Boyhood, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City; Notes on Hanley meeting; and Fairbanks Manuscripts, Manuscripts Department, Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington.
15. Notes on Hanley meeting; Indianapolis News, September 8, 1925; York, 3; and Santosuosso, 101.
16. "Dedication of the Monument in Memory of Nancy Hanks Lincoln" (Indiana Lincoln Union, Indianapolis, 1902, Program); Evansville Courier-Journal, September 28, 1902; and Lincoln Lore, June 12, 1933, Park files, Cemetery History.
17. Press Release, June 11, 1931, Park files, Clippings, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City.
18. Notes on Hanley Meeting; Santosuosso, 101; and York, 3.
19. Rockport Journal, February 12, 1909; and Santosuosso, 101-102.
20. Notes on John J. Brown's recollections of identifying the cabin site, circa 1930, Park files, Cabin Site, 1917 Spencer County Monument, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City; Notes on Hanley meeting; Park files, Clippings; Santosuosso, 49-50; and York, 3-4.
21. Springfield [Illinois] Journal, February 13, 1921, Park files, Clippings.
22. Robert Allen Frederick, "Colonel Richard Lieber, Conservationist and Park Builder: The Indiana Years." (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, 1960), 248.
25. Boonville Standard, October 15, 1970, Park files, Lincoln Related Organizations: Boonville Press Club.
28. Indianapolis News, September 8, 1925, Richard Lieber Papers, Lilly Library, Manuscripts Department, Indiana University, Bloomington.
29. Frederick, 251-252; Press Release, June 11, 1931, Park files, Clippings; and York, 4.
30. Press Release, June 11, 1931; Indianapolis News, May 9, 1941, Clippings files, Indiana Biography, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division, Indianapolis.
31. C. G. Sauer to Frederick Law Olmsted [Jr.,], December 9, 1926, Frederick Law Olmsted Papers, Manuscripts Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.
33. York, 8. Much of this section is excerpted from the author's earlier study, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground. Because the author is the same, quotations were not used even where the wording was the same as that used in the earlier study.
35. Handbill, September 9, 1927, Indiana Lincoln Union Papers, Indiana State Archives, Indianapolis.
36. Ibid., and New York Times, May 8, 1927, Park files, Lincoln Related Organizations, Indiana Lincoln Union.
37. P. V. Brown to Bayard M. Hedrick, April 6, 1927; and G. E. Lundy to Paul V. Brown, April 13, 1927, Lieber Lincoln Memorial, Indiana State Archives, Indianapolis.
38. See Indiana Lincoln Union Papers, Indiana State Archives.
39. P. V. Brown to W. O. Feudner, Editor, Rushville [Indiana] Republican, n.d., Indiana Lincoln Union Papers.
40. Press Release, June 11, 1931, Park files, Clippings.
41. Indiana Lincoln Union to Jonesville Times, April 5, 1928, Indiana Lincoln Union Papers.
42. Ibid., and Park files, Indiana Lincoln Union.
43. Indiana Lincoln Union, "Lincoln Memorials" (Indiana Lincoln Union, Indianapolis, 1927, Pamphlet).
44. Indiana Lincoln Union Papers.
46. Evansville Courier and Journal, October 16, 1927, Park files, Indiana Lincoln Union.
47. Thomas Taggart to Dr. B. F. Zimmerman, March 1, 1928, Indiana Lincoln Union Papers.
48. J. W. Action to Indiana Lincoln Union, May 1930, Park files, Indiana Lincoln Union.
49. Park files, Indiana Lincoln Union.
50. John E. Iglehart to Paul V. Brown, October 3, 1927, State Parks-State Memorials Files, Indiana State Archives.
51. Paul V. Brown to John E. Iglehart, October 4, 1927, State Parks-State Memorials files.
52. J. I. Holcomb to Ken R. Cougill, February 9, 1956, Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Build a Memorial Drinking Fountain, 1956.
Chapter 2
1. Jill M. York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground: An Expression of Sentiment and Reason (Omaha: National Park Service, Midwest Regional Office, 1984), 6; and Press Release, June 11, 1931, Park files, Clippings, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City, Indiana.
2. Press Release, June 11, 1931, Park files, Clippings. Note that an Evansville Courier—Journal report on September 30, 1934, that the two acres was for a new church was incorrect.
3. Press Release, June 11, 1931.
5. John E. Santosuosso, A Survey of Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial and Lincoln City (Lincoln City, Indiana: National Park Service, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, 1970), 102.
6. Park files, Lincoln Related Organizations: Indiana Lincoln Union.
7. [Indiana Lincoln Union,] "Indiana Lincoln Reservation" (Typescript, May 4, 1933), Park Files, Grounds, Trail of Twelve Stones.
8. Ibid.; Richard Simons, "The Lincoln Story Told in Stone" (n.p., February 12, 1950) ; and Evansville Courier—Journal September 1, 1933; all in Park Files, Grounds, Trail of Twelve Stones.
9. Joe Wiebe to J. I. Holcomb, April 13, 1933, Hilda Taylor Photographs, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City.
10. P. V. Brown to Richard Lieber, January 31, 1940, Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Planning in 1930s and 1940s, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City; and Santosuosso, 57, 64.
11. [Paul V. Brown,] The Indiana Lincoln Memorial, Guarding the Grave of Nancy Hanks Lincoln and the Site of the Cabin that was Abraham Lincoln's Hoosier Home from his Seventh to his Twenty—First Year (Indianapolis: Indiana Lincoln Union, 1938), 35.
12. Paul V. Brown to Ed Pearson, February 1, 1933; and Indiana Lincoln Union to International Art Foundries, May 23, 1935, Park files, Cabin Site Memorial, Copies of Correspondence on Bronze Log and Hearthstone Memorial, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City.
13. Horace Weber, interview by Bill Bartelt, May 9, 1970, transcript, Park files, Oral History Interviews, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City; and Albert W. Banton to Horace Weber, November 25, 1969, Park files, Cabin Site Memorial, Horace Weber, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City.
14. Miscellaneous correspondence between Ed Pearson and Paul Brown, October 1933—January 1934, Park file, Cabin Site Memorial, Copies of Correspondence on Bronze Log and Hearthstone Memorial.
15. Indiana Lincoln Union to International Art Foundries, May 28, 1935, Park files, Cabin Site Memorial, Copies of Correspondence on Bronze Log and Hearthstone Memorial.
16. Horace Weber to Al Banton, n.d. [circa October 30—November 25, 1969], Park files, Cabin Site Memorial, Horace Weber; and Weber interview.
17. J. I. Holcomb to Gov. Paul McNutt, May 8, 1955, Lieber/ILU Papers.
18. Invoice of Merchandise, April 29, 1935, Park files, Cabin Site Memorial, Copies of Correspondence on Bronze Log and Hearthstone Memorial.
19. "Report of the Building and Plans Committee of the Indiana Lincoln Union" (Indiana Lincoln Union, Indianapolis, n.d. [1936], Typescript), Park files, Lincoln Related Organizations, Indiana Lincoln Union
20. Mention of these visits occurs frequently in correspondence between Brown and Holcomb, sometimes on National Park Service letterhead. See Paul Brown to J. I. Holcomb, February 13, 1937, Lieber/ILU Papers.
21. Paul Brown to Mrs. Richard Coons, March 29, 1937, Lieber/ILU Papers.
22. Richard Lieber to [Philip] Auchampaugh, n.d.; and Auchampaugh to [Louis] Warren, June 8, 1937, Lieber/ILU Papers.
23. See [Brown,] The Indiana Lincoln Memorial.
24. Richard Lieber to Paul Brown, January 15, 1937, Paul V. Brown Manuscripts, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division, Manuscripts Division; and A. E. Demaray to Richard Lieber, August 18, 1936, Brown Manuscripts.
25. Richard Lieber to Paul Brown, January 15, 1937, Brown Manuscripts.
26. Paul Brown to Richard Lieber, January 29, 1937, Brown Manuscripts.
27. Note, Barry Mackintosh to author, June 4, 1985.
Chapter 3
1. See Jill M. York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground: An Expression of Sentiment and Reason (Omaha: National Park Service, Midwest Regional Office, 1984), 19—20.
2. Paul Brown to Thomas Hibben, September 10, 1927, State Parks—State Memorials Files, Indiana State Archives.
3. Paul Brown to Thomas Hibben, February 1, 1930, State Parks—State Memorials Files.
4. Indianapolis Star, n.d. [circa 1937.]
5. J. I. Holcomb to Richard Lieber, January 29, 1939, Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Planning in 1930s and 1940s.
6. Richard Lieber to Frederick Law Olmsted, June 13, 1938. Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Planning in 1930s and 1940s.
8. J. I. Holcomb to Richard Lieber, May 23, Lieber/ILU Papers, Indiana. 1939.
9. [Richard E. Bishop,] "Architect's Report to the Indiana Lincoln Union, Executive Committee" (Indianapolis, Indiana Lincoln Union, January 21, 1941, Typescript), 1—2.
11. Richard Lieber to Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., July 26, 1938, Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Planning in 1930s and 1940s.
12. "Architect's Report", 2—3.
13. Richard E. Bishop to Richard Lieber, December 14, 1939. Lieber/ILU Papers.
14. Paul Brown to Richard Lieber and J. I. Holcomb, December 15, 1939. Lieber/ILU Papers.
16. Richard Lieber to Thomas J. Allen, Jr., January 16, 1940. Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Planning in 1930s and 1940s.
17. Thomas J. Allen, Jr., to Richard Lieber, January 22, 1940. Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Planning in 1930s and 1940s.
22. Richard E. Bishop to Richard Lieber, August 20, 1947, Lieber/ILU Papers; Clippings files, Indiana Biography, Abraham Lincoln, 1930—1939, Indiana State Library; and [Bishop,] handwritten note, n.d., Lieber/ILU Papers.
23. Handwritten note, Lieber/ILU Papers; "Minutes of Joint Committee Meeting, Indiana Lincoln Union and Indiana Department of Public Works, November 16, 1940, Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Planning in 1930s and 1940s; Richard E. Bishop to Richard Lieber, March 5, 1941; and Bishop, The Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial (Indianapolis, Indiana Lincoln Union, 1944).
24. [Paul V. Brown,] "Secretary's Report" (Indiana Lincoln Union, Indianapolis, January 5, 1942, Typescript), Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center Sculptured Panels, Panel and Bust Sculpting.
25. Ibid.; and Bishop, The Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial, 54.
26. J. I. Holcomb to Richard Lieber, October 29, 1938, Lieber/ILU Papers.
27. Richard Lieber to J. I. Holcomb, January 5, 1939, Lieber/ILU Papers.
28. J. I. Holcomb to Richard Lieber, January 3, 1959, Lieber/ILU Papers.
29. "Secretary's Report; and Bishop, The Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial, 54—55.
30. Employment agreement, Department of Conservation, August 4, 1941, Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Sculptured Panels, Panel and Bust Sculpting. Records of payments show Daniels ultimately received $25,000 for the project. See Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Sculptured Panels, Panel and Bust Sculpting.
31. Invoice/Voucher, State of Indiana, February 16, 1942. Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Sculptured Panels, Panel and Bust Sculpting.
32. "Secretary's Report;" and Bishop, The Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial, 57.
33. Bishop, The Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial, 57; and E. H. Daniels to Hugh Barnhart, January 14, 1943; and Hugh Barnhart to E. H. Daniels, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Sculptured Panels, Panel and Bust Sculpting.
34. Bishop, The Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial, 55—59.
35. Richard E. Bishop, "Minutes of the Sculpture Committee" (Indiana Lincoln Union, Indianapolis, January 7, 1942, Typescript); and Hugh Barnhart to E. H. Daniels, January 8, 1942, Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Sculptured Panels.
36. Bishop, The Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial, 31—39.
37. U. S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, "The Sculptured Panels of the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial" (n.p., n.d., Flier).
38. Richard E. Bishop to Milton Matter, March 13, 1946, Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, State Maintenance of Memorial.
39. See York, Friendly Trees, Hallowed Ground for a full discussion of the Nott plantings.
40. Indianapolis Star, February 12, 1942, Clippings files, Indiana Biography, Abraham Lincoln, 1940—1949, Indiana State Library.
41. Hugh Barnhart, press release, January 24, 1944, Clippings files, Indiana Biography, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, Indiana State Library.
Chapter 4
1. Intra-Departmental Memorandum, Richard E. Bishop to A. V. Bailey, November 11, 1942, Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, State Maintenance of Memorial.
3. O. V. Brown Collection, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division, Manuscripts Division, Indianapolis. Some of the footstones are now in the Lincoln Boyhood museum collection. They will be returned to the cemetery.
4. Invoice, Tri-State Structural Painting Co. to Indiana State Parks, Land and Waters, January 19, 1953, Park files, Grounds, Flagstaff.
5. K. L. Bain to Indiana State Parks, July 2, 1953, Park files, Grounds, Flagstaff.
6. Robert D. Starrett to files, April 17, 1957; and handwritten note, K. R. Cougill to R. D. Starrett, October 1, 1961; Park files, Grounds, Exhibit Shelter.
7. Robert D. Starrett to files, September 7, 1962; and K. R. Cougill to Horace Weber and Elmer Stien [sic], October 10, 1962, Park files, Grounds, Flagstaff.
8. Richard E. Bishop to Milton Matter, March 13, 1946, Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, State Maintenance of Memorial.
9. J. I. Holcomb to K. R. Cougill, February 9, 1956, Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Build a Memorial Drinking Fountain, 1956.
10. J. I. Holcomb to Frank C. Ball, January 24, 1940, Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Planning in 1930s and 1940s.
11. Richard E. Bishop to Richard Lieber, November 24, 1945; Richard Lieber to Virgil Simmons, November 15, 1942; E. H. Daniels to Richard Lieber, November 15, 1942; Richard Lieber to E. H. Daniels, November 17, 1942; Richard Lieber to Frances Brown, December 30, 1942; and Frank C. Ball to Richard Lieber, January 7, 1943;, all in Lieber/ILU Papers; Richard E. Bishop to Richard Lieber, November 24, 1942, Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, State Maintenance of Memorial; and J. I. Holcomb to K. R. Cougill, January 18, 1956, Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Abraham Lincoln Hall Organ.
12. Handwritten note, J. I. Holcomb, June 14, 1951; K. R. Cougill to J. I. Holcomb, July 12, 1951; and handwritten note R. D. Starrett to K. R. Cougill, n.d., all in Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Abraham Lincoln Hall Organ.
13. Handwritten note, R. D. Starrett, n.d.; and copy of Hammond Catalog and order form, in Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Abraham Lincoln Hall Organ.
14. Handwritten note, R. D. Starrett to K. R. Cougill, January 21, 1956, Park files, Memorial Building Visitor Center, Abraham Lincoln Hall Organ.
15. National Geographic CI No. 2 (February 1952).
16. K. R. Cougill to Eugene Ayer, August 5, 1959, Park files, Lincoln Related Organizations: Lincoln Club of Southern Indiana.
17. Preliminary program, Lincoln Memorial Program, n.d., Park files, Special Events, Lincoln Sesquicentennial.
18. K. R. Cougill to Henry Prange, November 4, 1957, Park files, Grounds, 1959 Marking of Lincoln Farm Corners. The action was proposed in 1957, but not accomplished until 1959.
19. John Varner, interview by John Santosuosso, June 18, 1970, Park files, Oral History Interviews.
20. E. K. Marlin to Roy T. Combs, August 29, 1957; and K. R. Cougill to Roy T. Combs, November 4, 1957; Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Build a Museum onto the Memorial Building.
21. Handwritten note, R. D. Starrett, May 11, 1959; and Henry C. Prange to Colonel Marlin, November 21, 1957, Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Build a Museum onto the Memorial Building.
22. Indianapolis Star, August 7, 1958, Clippings files, Indiana Biography, Abraham Lincoln, 1950—1959, Indiana State Library.
23. See [Roy T. Combs], "Open Memo to the Educational Leaders of the State of Indiana," (Indiana Lincoln Foundation, Indianapolis, n.d., Typescript), and Indianapolis Star, May 9, 1959, Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Build a Museum onto the Memorial Building.
24. Interdepartmental Memo, Henry C. Prange to R. D. Starrett, June 11, 1959, Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Build a Parking Area by the Cabin Site.
26. Handwritten note, R. D. Starrett to K. R. Cougill, June 2, 1959, Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Build a Museum onto the Memorial Building.
27. Indianapolis Times, February 11, 1959, Goshen, Indiana, News—Democrat, February 12, 1959; and Evansville Press, February 29, 1959, all in Indiana Lincoln Foundation Scrapbooks, Indiana State Library.
28. Indianapolis Star, February 28, 1959, Indiana Lincoln Foundation Scrapbooks, Indiana State Library.
29. Evansville Courier, March 24, 1959; and Tell City News, March 27, 1959, Indiana Lincoln Foundation Scrapbooks, Indiana State Library.
Chapter 5
1. See Charles E. Shedd, Jr., "Historic Sites Survey: Lincoln State Park and Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial, Spencer County, Indiana" (Philadelphia: National Park Service, 1959).
5. William Koch, interview with author, July 10, 1985, Santa Claus, Indiana.
7. Indianapolis Star, March. 24, 1963, Clippings files, Indiana Biography, Abraham Lincoln, 1960—1969, Indiana State Library; and note, Barry Mackintosh to author, June 4, 1985.
8. Fort Wayne, Indiana, News—Sentinel, March 31, 1960, Indiana Lincoln Foundation Scrapbooks, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division, Indianapolis; and handwritten note, R. D. Starrett to K. R. Cougill, [May 1960]; Assistant Regional Director George A. Palmer, Region 5 to K. R. Cougill, June 8, 1960; and K. R. Cougill to Eugene Ayer, June 15, 1960, both in Park files, Material on the Creation of Lincoln Boyhood, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City, Indiana.
9. Regional Director [Ronald F. Lee], Region 5 to National Park Service Director Conrad Wirth, September 8, 1960, Park files, Material on the Creation of Lincoln Boyhood.
10. Superintendent Al Banton to Joseph Blatt, May 17, 1967, Park files, Legislative History; Charlotte N. Baird, interview with author, July 11, 1985, Lincoln City; and unidentified news clipping, January 11, 1961, O. V. Brown Collection, Indiana State Library, Indiana Division, Indianapolis.
11. Handwritten note, R. D. Starrett to K. R. Cougill, May 16, 1960; Park files, Material on the Creation of Lincoln Boyhood.
12. Bicknell [Indiana] News, April 1, 1960, Indiana Lincoln Foundation Scrapbooks, Indiana State Library.
13. See the Evansville Courier, August 6, 1961, O. V. Brown Collection, Indiana State Library; and Indianapolis News, July 6, 1962; Indianapolis Times, July 10, 1962, and Indiana Teacher, November 1962, all in Clippings files, Indiana Biography, Abraham Lincoln, 1960—1969, Indiana State Library.
14. H.C.R. 11, Ch. 35, Acts of 1961 of the Indiana General Assembly; and H. 85, Ch. 189, Acts of 1961 of the Indiana General Assembly, both in [Albert W. Banton, Jr.,] "Lincoln Living Historical Farm" (Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, National Park Service, 1969, Typescript); and Park files, Legislative History.
15. Assistant Secretary John M. Kelley to Hon. Wayne N. Aspinall, Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, April 27, 1961, Park files, Legislative history.
16. Albert W. Banton, Jr., interview with author, September 19, 1985, Indianapolis; and Indianapolis Times, August 23, 1961, Clippings files, Indiana Biography, Abraham Lincoln, 1960—69, Indiana State Library.
17. Al Banton to Joseph Blatt, Director of [Indiana] State Parks, May 17, 1967; and Report from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, September 11, 1961, both in Park files, Legislative History.
18. P.L. 87—407, 76 Stat. 9, "An Act to Provide for the Establishment of Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in the State of Indiana, and for Other Purposes, approved February 16, 1962."
19. Al Banton to Joseph Blatt, May 17, 1967; Acting Superintendent Warren D. Beach to [National Park Service] Assistant Director, Cooperative Programs [Ben Butterfield], Northeast Region, January 17, 1973; and Secretary of Interior Stuart Udall to Sen. Birch Bayh, August 9, 1963, all in Park files, Legislative History.
20. Director [Conrad Wirth] to Acting Regional Director [George Palmer], Region 5, April 19, 1962, Park files, State Memorial Inventory and Transfer of Property; and telephone conversation, George A. Palmer to Ron Cockrell, May 28, 1987.
21. Handwritten note, R. D. Starrett to Henry C. Prange, [1962], Park files, State Memorial Inventory and Transfer of Property.
22. Handwritten note, R. D. Starrett to K. R. Cougill, April 16, 1962, Park files, State Memorial Inventory and Transfer of Property.
23. Indianapolis Times, July 10, 1962; Indianapolis Star, July 11, 1962; program for dedication ceremony, and miscellaneous correspondence, all in Park files, Dedication of Lincoln Boyhood.
24. George Palmer to K. R. Cougill, April 19, 1962, Park files, Dedication of Lincoln Boyhood.
25. Ibid., handwritten note, R. D. Starrett to Bob Burns, September 19, 1963; and Dale, Indiana, News, March 6, 1964, all in Park files, Dedication of Lincoln Boyhood.
Chapter 6
1. Robert L. Burns to author, January 1986; and Elmer F. Stein, interview with author, July 9, 1985, Lincoln City.
2. Charlotte N. Baird, interview with author, July 11, 1985, Lincoln City, Indiana; and Burns to author, January 1986.
3. Burns to author, January 1986.
6. Ibid. See also Park files, Publications and Interpretive Services, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City, Indiana.
7. Burns to author, January 1986. See Appendix B for a list of the first season's television program topics.
8. Burns to author, January 1986; and Park files, Land Records.
9. Burns to author, January 1986.
10. United States Department of the Interior. "Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: The Design and Development." Typescript, Briefing statement, n.d.
11. Burns to author, January 1986.
14. Acting Superintendent [Warren D. Beach], Lincoln Boyhood, to Assistant Director, Cooperative Programs [Ben Butterfield], January 19, 1973, in Park files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
15. Albert W. Banton, Jr., interview with author, September 19, 1985, Indianapolis; and Acting Superintendent [Warren D. Beach] to Assistant Director, Cooperative Programs [Ben Butterfield], January 19, 1973.
17. Acting Superintendent [Warren D. Beach], Lincoln Boyhood, to Assistant Director, Cooperative Programs [Ben Butterfield], January 19, 1973; and Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle], Lincoln Boyhood, to Assistant Director [George A. Palmer], Northeast Region, February 8, 1974, both in Park files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
18. Banton interview; and Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle], Lincoln Boyhood, to Assistant Director [George A. Palmer], Northeast Region, February 8, 1974.
19. Acting Superintendent [Warren D. Beach], Lincoln Boyhood, to Assistant Director, Cooperative Programs [Ben Butterfield], January 19, 1973.
21. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle], Lincoln Boyhood, to Assistant Director [George A. palmer], Northeast Region, February 8, 1974.
22. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle], Lincoln Boyhood, to Assistant Director [George A. Palmer], Mid—Atlantic Region, February 3, 1975.
23. Banton interview. Assistant Regional Director George A. Palmer recalled that Northeast (later called Mid—Atlantic) Regional staff involvement was greater than Banton remembered. Palmer took frequent trips to various parks in the Region, particularly those in Indiana, his native state.
24. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle], Lincoln Boyhood, to Assistant Director [George A. Palmer], Mid—Atlantic Region, February 3, 1975.
27. Evansville Journal, February 21, 1980; and Banton interview.
28. Warren D. Beach, letter to author, December 1985.
29. Norman D. Hellmers, letter to author, December 5, 1986.
Chapter 7
1. Superintendent [Robert Burns] to [Regional] Director [Henry G. Schmidt], Northeast Region, March 1, 1971, Park files, Legislative History.
2. See 92nd Congress, 1st Session, House of Representatives, Report No. 92—743, December 10, 1971, pp. 9—10.
3. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Assistant Director [Ben Butterfield], Cooperative Programs, February 8, 1974.
4. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Regional Director [Merrill D. Beal], Midwest Region, February 22, 1977; and Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Regional Director [Merrill D. Beal], May 26, 1977, Park files, Grounds, Olmsted Report.
5. Albert W. Banton, Jr., interview with author, September 19, 1985, Indianapolis.
6. See Park files, Land Acquisition files.
7. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Programs Officer, Midwest Region, April 10, 1974.
8. E. Kenneth Marlin to John Peters, n.d., Park files, Relocation of Highway 162.
9. Dale News, April 10, 1964; Park files, Clippings.
10. Robert L. Burns, letter to author, January 1986.
11. Unidentified document, 1965, Park files, Legislative History.
12. Albert W. Banton, Jr., interview with author, September 19, 1985, Indianapolis; U. S. Department of Interior, "Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: The Design and Development" (National Park Service, ca. 1965, Briefing statement); Burns, letter to author, January 1986; and Regional Director [Lemuel Garrison], Northeast Region to Chief [Robert G. Hall], Eastern Office of Design and Compliance, August 27, 1964, Park files, National Park Service Planning of the Visitor Center.
13. U.S.D.I., "Lincoln Boyhood: Design and Development."
15. Park files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
17. Note to files, Charlotte N. Baird, Park files, Clippings.
18. Elmer F. Stein, interview with author, July 9, 1985, Lincoln City; Burns, letter to author, January 1986; and Superintendent [Robert Burns] to Richard E. Bishop, May 18, 1964; and Richard E. Bishop to Robert L. Burns, June 11, 1964, both in Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Build a Museum onto the Memorial Building.
19. Charlotte N. Baird, interview with author, July 10, 1985, Lincoln City.
20. Evansville Courier and Press, Park files, Yearly Activities, 1966.
21. Superintendent Al Banton to Mrs. William M. Dickson, September 23, 1966; D. F. Blackburn to Superintendent Al Banton, August 9, 1966; and Ralph H. Lewis to Morton H. Broffman, March 2, 1970, all in Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Morrell Prints.
22. Note to files, Supervisory Park Ranger Don Adams, November 9, 1983, Park files, Memorial Visitor Center, Construction, 1941.
23. George A. Palmer to author, May 22, 1987.
24. Burns to author; Baird interview; and Park files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
25. Superintendent (Albert W. Banton, Jr.] to Chief, Eastern Museum Laboratory, March 4, 1966; and Shelter Exhibit Plan, 1966, both in Park files, Grounds, Exhibit Shelter.
26. Superintendent [Albert W. Banton, Jr.] to Regional Director [Fred C. Fagergren], Midwest Region, August 21, 1966, Park files, Grounds, Exhibit Shelter.
27. Superintendent [Albert W. Banton, Jr.] to Chief, Branch of Exhibit Production, n.d., Park files, Grounds, Exhibit Shelter.
28. Roy Appleman to Superintendent [Albert W. Banton, Jr.], August 12, 1966, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
29. Report, Roy E. Appleman, October 10, 1966, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
30. Acting Assistant Director, Operations [Harthon L. Bill] to Superintendent [Albert W. Banton, Jr.], November 4, 1966; Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
32. Palmer to author, May 22, 1987.
33. Frank Barnes to Al Banton, December 18, 1867, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related; and telephone conversation, Ed Bearss to author, July 5, 1985.
34. Banton interview; and Barry Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service: A Historical Perspective (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, History Division, 1986), 58.
35. Telephone conversation, Ed Bearss to author, July 5, 1985; and Barry Mackintosh to author, June 4, 1985.
36. Regional Director [Lemuel Garrison], Northeast Region to Director [George Hartzog], February 2, 1968, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Planning.
38. Ibid.; Edward McM. Larrabee, "Preliminary Excavations at the Cabin Site, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, Lincoln City, Indiana (National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, 1967, Typescript), 1; and Appleman Report.
39. Superintendent [Albert W. Banton, Jr.] to Director [George Hartzog], January 30, 1969, Park files, Publications and Interpretive Services.
40. Palmer to author, May 22, 1987.
41. Progress Report, Living Historical Farm, June 6, 1968, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Construction and Staff; Banton interview; Stein interview; and Report of Property Transaction, May 1, 1968, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
44. Ibid.; and Albert W. Banton, Jr. to Gordon Neal, March 11, 1969, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
45. Albert W. Banton, Jr. to Northrup, King, and Co., April 25, 1969, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
46. See Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
47. Mrs. Frederick R. Walters to Superintendent Albert W. Banton, Jr., March 4, 1969, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
48. Hank Waltmann to James Schaack, February 26, 1977, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
49. James W. Schaack to Dr. Agatha Huepenbecker, April 8, 1977, Park files, Living Historical Farm, Farm and Related.
50. Park files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
51. Superintendent [Norman Hellmers] to Files, May 7, 1984, Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Acquire 1933 Chicago Century of Progress Cabin.
52. Paul V. Brown to E. A. Wood, November 17, 1935, Park files, Park Proposals: Proposal to Acquire 1933 Chicago Century of Progress Cabin.
53. See "Master Plan and Interpretive Prospectus" (National Park Service, 1973, second draft).
54. Regional Director [Leonard Volz], Midwest Region to Manager [John W. Henneberger], Denver Service Center, June 11, 1974; Team Manager [Donald A. Purse], Midwest/Rocky Mountain Team, Denver Service Center to Regional Director [Leonard Volz], Midwest Region, May 29, 1974; Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Programs Office, Midwest Region, May 10, 1974; and Chief, Research and Technical Assistance to Chief, Planning and Compliance, October 27, 1977, all in Midwest Region files, Programs and Budget.
55. Intra—Office Memo, Regional Historian Dave Clary to Associate Regional Director, Professional Services, Midwest Region [1976]; Regional Director [Merrill D. Beal] to Manager [John W. Henneberger], Denver Service Center, October 1, 1976; and Assistant Director [Robert Utley], Park Historic Preservation to Regional Director [Merrill D. Beal], Midwest Region, June 1976, all in Midwest Region files, Programs and Budget.
56. Roy Appleman to Chief, Interpretation and Visitor Services, October 10, 1966, Midwest Region files, Programs and Budget.
57. Policy Review, Robert Utley [June 1976].
58. Programs Analyst Jim Hooyboer to Central Files, December 20, 1977, Midwest Region files, Programs and Budget.
59. General Management Plan (Denver: National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 1981), 8—11.
60. Trip report, Associate Regional Director [John Kawamoto], Planning and Resource Preservation, Midwest Region to Regional Director [J. L. Dunning], Midwest Region, January 23, 1980; Superintendent [Warren D. Beach] to Regional Director [J. L. Dunning], Midwest Region, November 1, 1979; Regional Director [J. L. Dunning], Midwest Region to Manager [Denis P. Galvin], Denver Service Center, June 5, 1981; and Superintendent [Warren D. Beach] to Associate Regional Director [John Kawamoto], Planning and Resource Preservation, Midwest Region, April 21, 1980, all in Midwest Region files, Programs and Budget.
Chapter 8
1. Charlotte N. Baird, interview with author, July 10, 1985, Lincoln City.
2. Robert L. Burns, letter to author, January 1986.
3. Warren D. Beach, letter to author, December 1985.
4. Telephone conversation, Superintendent Norman Hellmers with author, November 14, 1986.
5. See Park files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
7. Midwest Region files, Cultural Resources Management project files.
8. Young Adult Conservation Corps (YACC) Project Plans, November 30, 1977, Park files, Young Adult Conservation Corps.
10. Press release, July 29, 1983, Park files, Yearly Activities, 1983.
11. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Regional Director [Merrill D. Beal], Midwest Region, February 29, 1983; Dale News, May 20, 1977; and Jasper Herald, May 21, 1977, in Park files, Yearly Activities, 1977.
Chapter 9
1. Superintendent [Robert Burns] to Director [George Hartzog], January 29, 1964, Park Files, Publications and Interpretive Services; and Evansville Press, undated clipping, ca. 1963—64, Park Files, Clippings.
2. Superintendent [Albert W. Banton, Jr.] to Staff, Lincoln Boyhood, June 27, 1965, Park Files, Publications and Interpretive Services.
4. Dale News, July 31, 1964, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1964.
5. Superintendent [Robert Burns] to Director [George Hartzog], January 30, 1965, Park Files, Publications and Interpretive Services.
6. Robert Burns, letter to author, January 1986.
7. Ibid.; and unidentified news clipping, Park Files, Clippings.
8. Albert W. Banton, Jr., interview with author, September 19, 1985, Indianapolis.
9. Charlotte N. Baird, interview with author, July 10, 1985, Lincoln City.
10. Washington Star, February 11, 1968, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1968.
12. Acting Superintendent to Regional Director [Lemuel Garrison], Northeast Region, September 11, 1968, Park Files, Living Historical Farm, Construction and Staff.
13. Superintendent (Albert W. Banton, Jr.] to Regional Director [Lemuel Garrison], Northeast Region, April 30, 1968, Park Files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
14. Banton interview; and Baird interview.
15. Superintendent [Albert W. Banton, Jr.] to Assistant to the Regional Director, Cooperative Activities and Public Affairs, Northeast Region, September 2, 1969, Park Files, Chronological Reports, Reports to Region; and [Albert W. Banton, Jr.,] "Lincoln Living Historical Farm" (Lincoln City, 1969, Typescript).
16. See Park Files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
18. "Lincoln Living Historical Farm."
20. Barry Mackintosh, Interpretation in the National Park Service: A Historical Perspective (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, History Division, 1986), 68; and Park Files, Chronological Reports: Reports to Region.
21. Banton interview; Baird interview; and Operations Evaluation Report, July 18, 1972, Park Files, Park Files.
22. Acting Superintendent to Assistant Director, Cooperative Activities, January 19, 1973, Midwest Region files, Central Files.
23. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Assistant Director, Cooperative Activities, February 8, 1974, Midwest Region Files, Central Files.
24. The words quoted are those of Bureau Historian Barry Mackintosh, in a note to the author, June 4, 1985. The opinion is shared by others within the National Park Service.
25. Telephone conversation, Superintendent Norman Hellmers with author, November 14, 1986.
26. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Regional Director [Merrill D. Beal], January 23, 1976, Midwest Region files, Central Files.
27. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Regional Director [Merrill D. Beal], Midwest Region, February 22, 1986, Midwest Region files, Central Files.
28. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Assistant to the Director for the Bicentennial, July 29, 1975; Franklin S. Roberts and Wendy Appleton to [Acting Superintendent] Jim Burnett, n.d.; and press release, n.d., all in Park files, Unites States Bicentennial.
29. Superintendent [John C. W. Riddle] to Regional Director [Merrill D. Beal], Midwest Region, March 7, 1975, Park files, United States Bicentennial.
30. Warren D. Beach, letter to author, December 1985.
31. Press release, n.d.; and Jasper Herald, June 28, 1980, both in Park files, Yearly Activities, 1980.
32. Press release, n.d., Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1980.
33. Rockport Journal—Democrat, September 24, 1981, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1981.
34. Rockport Journal—Democrat, May 20, 1982, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1982.
35. Press release, June 17, 1982, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1982.
36. "Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial Special Summer Events Program" (National Park Service, n.d., Flier), Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1983.
37. "Arbor Day" (National Park Service, April 8, 1983, Program), Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1983.
38. Dubois County [Indiana] Herald, May 5, 1983, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1983.
39. Rockport Journal—Democrat, July 28, 1983, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1983.
40. Rockport Journal—Democrat, March 10, 1982, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1982.
41. Eastern National Park & Monument Association Newsletter, (Spring/Summer 1983), Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1983.
42. Banton interview; Beach, letter to author, December 1985; and Norman D. Hellmers to author, December 5, 1986.
43. Burns, letter to author, January 1986; Banton interview; Dale News, August 22, 1980, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1980; Santa's Country, July 6, 1977, Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1977; and Park Files, Yearly Activities, 1983
44. Memorandum, Park Ranger [Don F. Adams] to Superintendent, November 21, 1986.
45. Interview, Mrs. Glenn (Freda) Schroder with Don F. Adams, Lincoln City, November 20, 1986.
47. Lincoln Boyhood Drama Association, Quality of Play and Production Committee, Statement of Purpose and Guidelines, (Lincoln Boyhood Drama Association, [1985,] Draft), 2.
48. Superintendent [Norman Hellmers] to Regional Director [Charles H. Odegaard], Midwest Region, April 23, 1985, Midwest Region files, Central Files; Lincoln Boyhood Drama Association, "Quality of Play and Production Committee, Statement of Purpose and Guidelines" (Lincoln Boyhood Drama Association, [1985,] Draft). Specifically, the Lincoln Boyhood Drama Association hoped to show that Abraham Lincoln's life was not overly tragic, his family was not poor, Thomas Lincoln was a responsible father, Nancy Hanks Lincoln was not illegitimate, and that the boy was called Abraham in his pre-law years.
50. Superintendent [Norman Hellmers] to Regional Director [Charles Odegaard], Midwest Region, April 23, 1985, Midwest Region files, Central Files.
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