National Park Service
A History of National Capital Parks
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TABLE I:
OFFICERS OF NATIONAL CAPITAL PARKS, 1791-1951*

Federal Commissioners of the District of Columbia

Thomas Johnson, of MarylandAppointed Jan. 22, 1791
David Stuart, of MarylandAppointed Jan. 22, 1791
Daniel Carroll, of MarylandAppointed Jan. 22, 1791
(Act July 16, 1790, Vol. 1, p. 130)

Daniel CarrollContinued
Gustavous Scott, of MarylandAppointed Aug. 23, 1794
William Thornton, of PennsylvaniaAppointed Sept. 12, 1794

Gustavous ScottContinued
William ThorntonContinued
Alexander White, of VirginiaAppointed May 18, 1795

William ThorntonContinued
Alexander WhiteContinued
William Cranch, of GeorgetownAppointed Jan. 8, 1801

William ThorntonContinued
Alexander WhiteContinued
Tristram DaltonAppointed Mar. 2, 1802

Superintendent of Public Buildings and Grounds

Thomas MunroeAppointed Superintendent
June 1, 1802
J. P. Van Ness, T. Ringold and R. B. Lee were appointed to repair the damages (British burning of public buildings, 1814) to public buildings in the city. Appointed Mar. 13, 1815

Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds

Samuel LaneAppointed May 1, 1816
Joseph ElgarAppointed May 13, 1822
William NolandAppointed Feb. 10, 1834
Andrew BeaumontAppointed Nov. 5, 1846
Charles DouglasAppointed Mar. 15, 1847
Ignatius MuddAppointed April 16, 1849
William EasbyAppointed Mar. 14, 1851
B. B. FrenchAppointed July 1, 1853
John B. BlakeAppointed July 28, 1855
William S. Wood
(not confirmed but acted sometimes)
Appointed July 12, 1851
B. B. French (2nd term)Appointed Sept. 7, 186

Officer in Charge of Public Buildings and Grounds

Gen. N. MichlerAppointed Mar, 13, 1867
Gen. O. E. BabcockAppointed June 1, 1871
Col. T. L. CaseyAppointed Mar. 3, 1877
Col. C. F. RockwellAppointed April 1, 1881
Col. John M. WilsonAppointed June 1, 1885
Col. O. H. ErnstAppointed Sept. 7, 1889
Col. John M. Wilson (2nd term)Appointed April 1, 1893
Lt. John S. SewellAppointed Feb. 8, 1897
Col. Theo. A. BinghamAppointed Mar. 9, 1897
Col. Thomas SymonsAppointed Apr. 30, 1903
Col. Charles S. BromwellAppointed May 31, 1904
Col. Spencer CosbyAppointed Mar. 16, 1909
Col. William W. HartsAppointed Oct. 1, 1913
Col. Clarence S. RidleyAppointed Sept. 24, 1917
Lt. Col. Clarence O. SherrillAppointed Mar. 21, 1921

Director of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital

Lt. Col. Clarence O. SherrillAppointed Feb. 26, 1925
Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, 3rdAppointed Jan. 1, 1926
Col. James A. WoodruffAppointed June 16, 1933

Superintendent, National Capital Parks

Frank T. GartsideAppointed Acting Superintendent Aug. 20, 1933
C. Marshall FinnanSuperintendent Oct. 9, 1933—July 31, 1939
Frank T. GartsideAppointed Acting Superintendent Aug. 1, 1939
Edmund B. RogersAppointed Acting Superintendent Feb. 1, 1940
Francis F. GilenAppointed Acting Superintendent April 18, 1940
Irving C. RootSuperintendent Jan. 2, 1941—Jan. 2, 1950
Edward J. KellySuperintendent July 28, 1950 —

* Sources for the above list of Officers are as follows:

1. The personal Diary of John Stewart, C. E., United States City Surveyor from Sept. 18, 1873 to 1900 or later, covering the years 1791 to 1897, pp. 33-35. Capt. Stewart had charge of the official records of the Office for many years and was perhaps more familiar with said records than any other public servant.

2. From the years 1897 to the present the report of Stanley W. McClure on the Officers of National Capital Parks 1791-1951 was consulted.




TABLE II:
PERSONNEL, 1791-1951

YearOfficeTotal
1791Three Federal Commissioners
1802Superintendent of Public Bldgs.
1816Commissioner of Public Bldgs.
1817Commissioner of Public Bldgs.187
1818Commissioner of Public Bldgs.190
1821Commissioner of Public Bldgs.237
1867Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. & Grounds
1925Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital2,230 as of 6/30/25
1926Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital2,320 as of 6/30/26
1927Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital2,287 as of 6/30/27
1928Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital2,370 as of 6/30/28
1929Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital2,416 as of 6/30/29
1930Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital2,653 as of 6/30/30
1931Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital2,994 as of 6/30/31
1932Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital3,482 as of 6/30/32
1933Director of Public Bldgs. and Public Parks in the National Capital2,978 as of 6/30/33
1934Superintendent, National Capital Parks724 as of 6/30/34
1935Superintendent, National Capital Parks775 as of 6/30/35
1936Superintendent, National Capital Parks856 as of 6/30/36
1937Superintendent, National Capital Parks751 as of 6/30/37
1938Superintendent, National Capital Parks669 as of 6/30/38
1939Superintendent, National Capital Parks781 as of 6/30/39
1940Superintendent, National Capital Parks765 as of 6/30/40
1941Superintendent, National Capital Parks786 as of 6/30/41
1942Superintendent, National Capital Parks874 as of 6/30/42
1943Superintendent, National Capital Parks851 as of 6/30/43
1944Superintendent, National Capital Parks725 as of 6/30/44
1945Superintendent, National Capital Parks705 as of 6/30/45
1946Superintendent, National Capital Parks829 as of 6/30/46
1947Superintendent, National Capital Parks924 as of 6/30/47
1948Superintendent, National Capital Parks899 as of 6/30/48
1949Superintendent, National Capital Parks1,003 as of 6/30/49
1950Superintendent, National Capital Parks1,061 as of 6/30/50
1951Superintendent, National Capital Parks1,073 as of 6/30/51



TABLE III:
APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES, 1791-1951

YearOfficeAmount Appropriations or Expenditures
1792Three Federal Commissioners

1793


1794


1795


1796


1797


1802Superintendent of Public Bldgs.

1816Commissioner of Public Bldgs.

1817Commissioner of Public Bldgs.$249,735.22Annual Expenditure
1818Commissioner of Public Bldgs.320,680.42Annual Expenditure
1819Commissioner of Public Bldgs.482,831.74Annual Expenditure
1820Commissioner of Public Bldgs.127,396.14Annual Expenditure
1821Commissioner of Public Bldgs.115,456.28Annual Expenditure
1822Commissioner of Public Bldgs.116,795.72Annual Expenditure
1823Commissioner of Public Bldgs.121,425.32Annual Expenditure
1824Commissioner of Public Bldgs.95,739.23Annual Expenditure
1825Commissioner of Public Bldgs.94,725.90Annual Expenditure
1826Commissioner of Public Bldgs.94,000.00Annual Expenditure
1827Commissioner of Public Bldgs.165,963.52Annual Expenditure
1828Commissioner of Public Bldgs.81,306.09Annual Expenditure
1829Commissioner of Public Bldgs.61,930.64Annual Expenditure
1830Commissioner of Public Bldgs.

1831Commissioner of Public Bldgs.

1832Commissioner of Public Bldgs.64,514.73Annual Expenditure
1833Commissioner of Public Bldgs.173,925.80Annual Expenditure
1834Commissioner of Public Bldgs.72,332.07Annual Expenditure
1835Commissioner of Public Bldgs.12,990.82Annual Expenditure
1836Commissioner of Public Bldgs.65,885.15Annual Expenditure
Covers only Treasury & Patent Office Expenditures
1837Commissioner of Public Bldgs.283,650.99Annual Expenditure
1838Commissioner of Public Bldgs.269,134.36Annual Expenditure
1839Commissioner of Public Bldgs.342,307.78Annual Expenditure
1840Commissioner of Public Bldgs.357,271.93Annual Expenditure
1841Commissioner of Public Bldgs.333,223.68Annual Expenditure
1842Commissioner of Public Bldgs.155,598.57Annual Expenditure
1843Commissioner of Public Bldgs.51,368.85Annual Expenditure
1844Commissioner of Public Bldgs.32,859.26Annual Expenditure
1845Commissioner of Public Bldgs.36,346.64Annual Expenditure
1846Commissioner of Public Bldgs.37,520.29Annual Expenditure
1847Commissioner of Public Bldgs.25,497.08Annual Expenditure
1848Commissioner of Public Bldgs.78,137,77Annual Expenditure
1849Office placed under control of the Secretary of the Interior160,155.98Annual Appropriation
1850Commissioner of Public Bldgs.351,848.92Annual Appropriation
1851Commissioner of Public Bldgs.298,975.08Annual Appropriation
1852Commissioner of Public Bldgs.330,014.16Annual Appropriation
1853Commissioner of Public Bldgs.391,322.89Annual Appropriation
1854Commissioner of Public Bldgs.158,008.39Expenditures from Jan. 1, 1854—June 30, 1854
1855Commissioner of Public Bldgs.332,795.36Fiscal Year Appropriation
1856Commissioner of Public Bldgs.244,340.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1857Commissioner of Public Bldgs.359,272.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1858Commissioner of Public Bldgs.382,622.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1859Commissioner of Public Bldgs.157,903.90Fiscal Year Appropriation
1860Commissioner of Public Bldgs.194,245.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1861Commissioner of Public Bldgs.

1862Commissioner of Public Bldgs.168,043.03Fiscal Year Appropriation
1863Commissioner of Public Bldgs.153,393.20Fiscal Year Appropriation
1864Commissioner of Public Bldgs.147,323.86Fiscal Year Appropriation
1865Commissioner of Public Bldgs.202,297.97Fiscal Year Appropriation
1866Commissioner of Public Bldgs.373,014.38Fiscal Year Appropriation
1867Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds32,000.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1868Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds

1869Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds52,500.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1870Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds120,932.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1871Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds120,822.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1872Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds114,196.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1873Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds112,598.33Fiscal Year Appropriation
1874Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds59,858.61Fiscal Year Appropriation
1875Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds43,234.35Fiscal Year Appropriation
1876Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds51,170.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1877Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds107,460.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1878Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds128,273.37Fiscal Year Appropriation
1879Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds112,488.82Fiscal Year Appropriation
1880Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds130,260.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1881Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds132,480.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1882Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds142,140.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1883Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds210,141.64Fiscal Year Appropriation
1884Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds184,688.14Fiscal Year Appropriation
1885Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds181,490.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1886Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds146,078.66Fiscal Year Appropriation
1887Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds158,493.40Fiscal Year Appropriation
1888Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds155,570.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1889Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds235,873.71Fiscal Year Appropriation
1890Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds181,620.52Fiscal Year Appropriation
1891Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds187,662.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1892Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds200,180.80Fiscal Year Appropriation
1893Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds163,052.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1894Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds266,010.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1895Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds447,862.49Fiscal Year Appropriation
1896Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds427,684.41Fiscal Year Appropriation
1897Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds363,734.85Fiscal Year Appropriation
1898Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds323,185.12Fiscal Year Appropriation
1899Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds307,760.34Fiscal Year Appropriation
1900Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds321,808.84Fiscal Year Appropriation
1901Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds297,767.69Fiscal Year Appropriation
1902Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds311,702.76Fiscal Year Appropriation
1903Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds1,065,929.82Fiscal Year Appropriation
1904Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds600,809.40Fiscal Year Appropriation
1905Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds569,849.26Fiscal Year Appropriation
1906Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds587,668.78Fiscal Year Appropriation
1907Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds728,434.05Fiscal Year Appropriation
1908Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds798,245.73Fiscal Year Appropriation
1909Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds776,919.46Fiscal Year Appropriation
1910Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds734,995.34Fiscal Year Appropriation
1911Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds637,966,68Fiscal Year Appropriation
1912Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds659,161.58Fiscal Year Appropriation
1913Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds

1914Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds

1915Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds610,406.20Fiscal Year Appropriation
1916Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds579,897.03Fiscal Year Appropriation
1917Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds637,027.97Fiscal Year Appropriation
1918Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds3,283,176.75Fiscal Year Appropriation
1919Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds733,504.78Fiscal Year Appropriation
1920Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds

1921Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds1,015,575.46Fiscal Year Appropriation
1922Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds2,990,486.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1923Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds3,172,565.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1924Officer in Charge of Public Bldgs. and Grounds3,395,536.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1925Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital4,179,117.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1926Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital6,373,679.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1927Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital6,943,436.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1928Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital6,120,800.54Fiscal Year Appropriation
1929Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital6,553,254.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1930Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital6,964,899.53Fiscal Year Appropriation
1931Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital9,888,598.86Fiscal Year Appropriation
1932Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital9,542,960.19Fiscal Year Appropriation
1933Director of Public Bldgs. & Pub. Parks in the Nat'l Capital5,853,724.60Fiscal Year Appropriation
1934Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks2,161,731.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1935Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks1,742,981.41Fiscal Year Appropriation
1936Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks3,127,624.48Fiscal Year Appropriation
1937Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks1,946,877.32Fiscal Year Appropriation
1938Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks1,739,391.22Fiscal Year Appropriation
1939Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks2,232,327.22Fiscal Year Appropriation
1940Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks1,626,728.10Fiscal Year Appropriation
1941Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks1,610,999.10Fiscal Year Appropriation
1942Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks2,055,195.31Fiscal Year Appropriation
1943Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks1,765,935.95Fiscal Year Appropriation
1944Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks1,792,775.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1945Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks1,896,500.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1946Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks2,740,570.00Fiscal Year Appropriation
1947Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks2,930,427.30Fiscal Year Appropriation
1948Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks3,617,858.11Fiscal Year Appropriation
1949Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks3,678,719.50Fiscal Year Appropriation
1950Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks5,478,136.43Fiscal Year Appropriation
1951Superintendent, Nat'l Capital Parks8,407,615.85Fiscal Year Appropriation

* Above amounts do not include funds allotted to the Bureau of Public Roads for technical services in connection with National Capital Parks construction projects.




TABLE IV:
STATUES, MONUMENTS, AND MEMORIALS IN NATIONAL CAPITAL PARKS

StatueDescriptionLocation SculptorDedicationRemarks

1. Gen. Andrew JacksonEquestrianLafayette Park Clark MillsJan. 8, 1853Extended below

Cost - $32,000. Act of Mar. 3, 1853, appropriated $20,000; $12,000 was furnished by the Jackson Democratic Association of Washington, D. C.; Cost of pedestal, $8,000, of which $5,000 was appropriated by act of Aug. 31, 1852, and $3,000 by act of Mar. 3, 1853. Act of May 31, 1854 appropriated $500 for completion of pedestal and inclosure.

2. Gen. WashingtonEquestrian Washington Circle
Pa. ave., 23rd & K Sts. NW
Clark MillsFeb. 22, 1860 Extended below

Cost - $50,000, which was appropriated by act of Jan. 25, 1853. Act of Feb. 24, 1860 appropriated $10,000 for transporting and placing statue on pedestal and for expenses incident to the dedication ceremonies.

3. President LincolnStandingJudiciary Park Lot FlanneryApr. 15, 1868Extended below

Originally on high column and taken down when Courthouse was reconstructed in 1919-20. Reerected on a low granite pedestal June, 1923, under joint resolution passed June 21, 1922, which appropriated $5,000 for the purpose.

4. Gen. John RawlinsStanding Rawlins Park
N.Y. ave., E. 18th & 19th Sts., N.W.
J. BaillyCompleted Nov. 1874; no formal dedicationExtended below

Act of Congress June 10, 1872 appropriated $10,000 for statue, and act of June 22, 1874 appropriated $3,000 for pedestal and authorized erection in Rawlins Square, N.W. Ave., and 18th St., NW, from whence it was moved to 9th St. and Pa. Ave., in October, 1866, under authority contained in act of Congress approved May 17, 1886, which appropriated $500 for the purpose. The statue was moved to its present location in Rawlins Park in October, 1931, in accordance with public resolution and act of Mar, 4, 1931, which authorized and appropriated $1,500 for that purpose.

5. Gen. Winfield ScottEquestrian Scott Circle
Mass. & R.I. Aves., 16th & N Sts., N.W.
Henry BrownReceived by Government informally in 1874 Extended below

$20,000 appropriated by Congress in March 1867; an additional
$15,000 appropriated for the statue on July 15, 1870;
$42,000 appropriated for the pedestal on June 10, 1872.

6. President LincolnStanding Lincoln Park
East Capitol, bet. 11th & 13th Sts. NE
Thomas BallApr. 14, 1876 Extended below

Erected by the emancipated citizens of the United States, who subscribed $18,000 for the statue. Its erection in public grounds was authorized by act of Congress, June 23, 1874, which also appropriated $3,000 for a pedestal.

7. Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson Equestrian McPherson Square
Vermont Ave., 15th & K Sts., NW
Louis RebissoOct. 18, 1876 Extended below

Cost - $23,000. Paid by the Society of the Army of the Tennessee; cost of pedestal - $25,000, which was appropriated by Congress, act of Mar. 3, 1875.

8. Gen. Nathanael Greene Equestrian Stanton Park
Mass. & Md. Aves., 5th & C Sts. NE
Henry BrownReceived by Government informally 1877Extended below

$40,000 appropriated for statue by act of Congress, June 23, 1874;
$10,000 appropriated for completion of statue including pedestal by act of Mar. 3, 1875.

9. Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas Equestrian Thomas Circle
Mass. & Vermont Aves., 14th & M Sts. NW
J.Q.A. WardNov. 19, 1879 Extended below

Cost - $35,000. Paid by the Society of the Army of the Cumberland; cost of pedestal $25,000, appropriated by Congress, act of July 31, 1876.

10. Admiral FarragutStanding Farragut Square
17th & K Sts. NW
Mrs. Vinnie (Ream) HoxieApr. 25, 1881 Extended below

Cost - $20,000 appropriated by Congress, act of Apr. 16 1872.

11. Prof. Joseph HenryStanding Smithsonian GroundsW. W. StoryApr. 19, 1882 Extended below

Cost of statue and pedestal - $15,000; appropriated by Congress, June 1, 1880.

12. Washington Monument Obelisk of marble 555' high, square at the base Monument GroundsModification of design of Robert Mills Cornerstone laid July 4, 1848; capstone set Dec. 6, 1884; dedicated Feb. 21, 1885 Extended below

Built to height of 152 feet by the Washington National Monument Society with funds raised by popular subscription. Completion taken over by U. S. Government, act of August 2, 1876. Total cost of foundations and shaft was $1,187,710, of which the Society raised $300,000.

13. President GarfieldStanding 1st and Md. Ave., S. W.J.Q.A. Ward May 12, 1887Extended below

Appropriated by Congress $7,500 for statue, act of Mar. 11, 1882; $30,000 for pedestal by act of July 7, 1884; $25,039 subscribed for the statue by the Army of the Cumberland.

14. General LafayetteStanding Lafayette Park
S.E. Corner
Alex. Falquiere & Antonin Mercie Completed April 1891; no ceremonyExtended below

Cost - $50,000; appropriated by Congress, act of Mar, 3, 1855.

15. Pa. Volunteers of Civil War,
98th Regiment
ColumnBattleground Cemetery Delos Smith1891Extended below

Cost - $5,000; erected by the State of Pennsylvania after permit was issued by the Quartermaster Corps for its erection.

16. General Winfield Scott HancockEquestrian 7th & Pa. Ave. NWHenry Ellicott May 12, 1896Extended below

Cost of statue and pedestal - $50,000; appropriated by acts of March 2, 1889 and March 3, 1891.

17. L. J. M. DaguerreBust Smithsonian GroundsJohnathan S. Hartley Set in position 1897Extended below

Presented to the Government by the Photographic Association of America. Unveiled in the National Museum, August 15, 1890.

18. Dr. Samuel D. GrossStanding Smithsonian GroundsA. Sterling Calder May 6, 1897Extended below

Presented by the physicians and surgeons of the United States; act of Congress, Mar. 2, 1895 authorized its erection in public grounds and appropriated $1,500 for the pedestal.

19. Daniel WebsterStanding Mass. & R.I. Aves.
bet. 16th & 17 Sts.
G. TrentanoveJan. 19, 1900 Extended below

Presented by Mr. Stilson Hutchins to the United States. Act of Congress July 1, 1898 authorized its erection in public grounds and appropriated $4,000 for a pedestal.

20. Dr. Samuel HahnemanSitting East of Scott Circle,
Mass. & R.I. Aves. & N St., NW
Charles Henry NiehausJune 21, 1900 Extended below

Erected by the American Institute of Homeopathy. Act of Congress Jan. 31, 1900 authorized its erection in public grounds and appropriated $4,000 for a foundation.

21. General John LoganEquestrian Logan Circle
Vt. & R.I. Aves. & 13th & P Sts., N.W.
Franklin SimmonsApr. 9, 1901 Extended below

Cost - $65,000. $50,000 appropriated by Congress; $15,000 paid by the Army of Tennessee.

22. General Albert PikeStanding Indiana Ave., 3rd & D Sts., NWG. Trentanove Oct. 23, 1901Extended below

Erected by the Masonic Fraternity of the United States; Act of Congress, April 9, 1898, authorized its erection in public grounds and states its cost shall not be less than $10,000.

23. Marshall Count de Rochambeau StandingLafayette Park
SW corner
M. Hamar, of ParisMay 24, 1802 Extended below

Cost of statue and pedestal - $22,500; $7,500 appropriated by act of Mar. 3, 1901; $15,000 appropriated by act of Feb. 14, 1902. By the acts of Mar, 21, 1902 and May 15, 1902 Congress also appropriated $10,000 for the expenses of members of French Government and Rochambeau's and Lafayette's families to attend the dedication.

24. General William T. Sherman EquestrianSherman Plaza
South of Treasury building
C. Rohl-Smith Oct. 15, 1903Extended below

Appropriated by act of Congress July 5, 1892, $50,000; appropriated by act of Mar. 2, 1895, $30,000; subscribed by the army of the Tennessee for statue, $11,000. Additional amounts aggregating $40,055.05 have since been appropriated for subfoundation, mosaic work, granite curb, and improvement of grounds.

25. Peace Monument (Naval) StandingPa. Ave. & 1st St., N.W. F. SimmonsErected by Navy Dept. 1877; transferred to this office, Mar. 29, 1902Extended below

Sundry Civil Act approved July 31, 1876, appropriated the sum of $20,000 for completing the statue of "Peace" and provided for the selection of a site on the public grounds in the city of Washington for the erection of the statue. Mainly paid by subscriptions made by Naval personnel.

26. N. Y. Volunteers of the Civil War,
122nd Regiment
ColumnBattleground Cemetery J.F. Manning & Co.July 12, 1904 Extended below

Cost - $800. A permit was issued by the Quartermaster Corps for its erection in the Battleground Cemetery. The Battleground National Cemetery was transferred by the War Department to the Interior Department, September, 1933. The Column was erected by the State of New York.

27. CO. K, 150th Ohio Nat'l Guard Infantry ColumnBattleground Cemetery J. F. Manning & Co.July, 1904 Extended below

Cost - $1,000. Erected by the State of Ohio. A permit was issued by the Quartermaster Corps for its erection in Battleground National Cemetery.

28. Gen. George B. McClellan EquestrianConn. & Calif. Aves. & Columbia Road Frederick MacMonniesMay 2, 1907 Extended below

Authorized by Congress, act of Mar. 3, 1901, which appropriated $50,000. $2,500 for unveiling, act of June 30, 1906. Funds for improvement of site provided by Society of the Army of the Potomac.

29. Gen. Philip H. SheridanEquestrian Sheridan Circle
Mass. Ave. & 23rd St. NW
Gutzon BorglumNov. 25, 1908 Extended below

Act of Mar. 2, 1889 appropriated $40,000 for preparation of site and erection of pedestal. Act of Mar. 3, 1891, appropriated $10,000 for completion of pedestal and statue. Act of May 27, 1908, appropriated $4,000 for unveiling and improving site. Statue was furnished by the Army of the Cumberland.

30. Henry W. LongfellowSitting Conn. Ave. & 18th & M Sts., NW William CouperMay 7, 1909 Extended below

Pedestal provided by the United States at a cost of $4,000 in joint resolution June 8, 1906. Statue presented by the Longfellow Memorial Association.

31. John WitherspoonStanding Conn. Ave. & 18th & M Sts., NW William CouperMay 20, 1909 Extended below

Pedestal provided by the United States at a cost of $4,000 appropriated by public resolution May 29, 1908. Statue presented by the Witherspoon Memorial Association.

32. Stephenson Grand Army Memorial MonumentalCircle at La. Ave., 7th & C Sts. NW J. Massey RhindJuly 3, 1909 Extended below

Pedestal provided by the United States at a cost of $10,000 appropriated by public resolution Mar. 4, 1907. Memorial presented by Stephenson Grand Army Memorial Association.

33. Gen. Count PulaskiEquestrian Triangle, at Pa. Ave., 13th & E Sts. NW Kazimeirz ChodzinskiMay 11, 1910 Extended below

Cost of statue and pedestal $40,000. Act of Feb. 27, 1903 appropriated $50,000 for statue and erection of pedestal; act of Feb. 25, 1910, $5,000 for unveiling, preparing site, and improving grounds.

34. Gen. Thaddeus KosciuskoStanding Lafayette Park
Northeast corner
Antoni Popiel May 11, 1910Extended below

Presented to the Government by the Polish American Alliance and Polish American people of the United States, under joint resolution Apr. 18, 1904. Act of Congress Feb. 25, 1910, appropriated $3,500 for preparing and improving site and unveiling the statue.

35. Gen. Baron von SteubenStanding Lafayette Park
Northwest corner
Albert Jaegers Dec. 7, 1910Extended below

Act of Congress, Feb. 27, 1903, appropriated $50,000 for procuring and erecting statue and pedestal; act of June 25, 1910 appropriated $2,500 for dedication.

36. Commodore John Paul JonesStanding Foot of 17th St. Driveway on shore of Tidal Basin in West Pot. Park Charles Henry NiehausApr. 17, 1912 Extended below

Act of Congress, June 8, 1906, appropriated $50,000 for statue and pedestal and authorized its erection on public grounds; act of Mar. 4, 1911, appropriated $2,500 for unveiling ceremonies.

37. Christopher ColumbusStanding Union Station PlazaLorado Taft June 8, 1912Extended below

Act of Congress, Mar. 4, 1907, appropriated $100,000; District of Columbia Commissioners donated $456.42 toward construction of foundation; total cost $100,456.42. Act of Dec. 22, 1911 appropriated $2,500 for unveiling.

38. Commodore John BarryStanding Center of west side of Franklin Park, 14th St., bet. I & K Sts. NW John J. BoyleMay 16, 1914 Extended below

Act of June 8, 1906 authorized erection on public grounds and appropriated $50,000 for the statue and pedestal. Act of June 23, 1913, appropriated $2,500 for unveiling and improving the grounds.

39. New York Volunteers,
the 125th Cavalry
StandingBattleground Cemetery McGibbon & CurrySept. 19, 1914 Extended below

Cost $7,500. Erected by the State of New York.

40. DuPont Memorial Monumental Fountain Dupont Circle
Mass. & Conn. Aves., 19th & P Sts., NW
Daniel Chester FrenchMay 17, 1921 Extended below

Total cost $77,521.33 paid by members of Admiral DuPont's family. Erected by authority of Joint resolution Feb. 26, 1917 to replace a pedestrian statue of Admiral DuPont by Launt Thompson.

41. DanteStanding Meridian Hill Park,
lower garden
E. Ximenes, of RomeDec. 1, 1921 Extended below

Presented by Carlo Barsotti, New York, in the name of Americans of Italian birth living in the State of New York. Erected on public grounds under public resolution Feb. 14, 1922.

42. Jeanne D'ArcEquestrian Meridian Hill Park,
center of Grand Terrace
Copy of original by Paul DuboisJan. 6, 1922 Extended below

Presented by Societe des Femmes de France a New York. Erection on public grounds authorized by act of Mar. 20, 1922.

43. Gen. Ulysses S. GrantEquestrian Mall and 1st St. NWHenry M. Shrady Apr. 27, 1922Extended below

Act of Feb. 23, 1901, authorized erection on public grounds, limited cost to $250,000 and appropriated $10,000 for plans and models for base, pedestal, and statue. Act approved June 28, 1902, appropriated $50,000 for commencing work. Acts of June 30, 1906, Feb. 9 and Mar. 4, 1909, June 25, 1910, June 23, 1913, and Aug. 1, 1914, appropriated a total of $190,000 for erection of memorial. Act of Aug. 1, 1914 appropriated $5,000 for dedication.

44. Lincoln Memorial Monumental Building containing Statue of Lincoln West Potomac Park Daniel Chester French, sculptor; Henry Bacon, architect; Jules Guerin, interior decorationsMay 30, 1922 Extended below

Act of Feb. 9, 1911 authorized its erection at a cost not to exceed $2,000,000, and appropriated $50,000 for plans and designs. Act of Feb, 28, 1916 increased limit of cost to $2,594,000 and act of Mar. 4, 1921 further increased limit of cost to $2,957,000. Act of June 23, 1913, appropriated $300,000 for commencing the work. Acts of Aug. 1, 1914, Mar. 3, 1915, and Feb. 28, and July 1, 1916 appropriated a total of $1,963,000 for continuing work. Act of June 12, 1917 appropriated $331,000 for completing erection, Act of Mar. 4, 1921 appropriated $345,720 for additional work on approaches and terrace, including foundations. Act of Mar. 4, 1921, appropriated $100,000 for construction of roads and walks. Acts of July 19, 1919, June 5, 1920, Mar. 4, 1921, and June 30, 1922 appropriated a total of $584,000 for construction of reflecting pool. Act of July 19, 1919 appropriated $5,000 for the dedication ceremonies.

45. Edmund BurkeStanding Mass. Ave., 11th & L Sts., NW Havard ThomasOct. 12, 1922 Extended below

Presented to the United States by the Sulgrave Institution of Great Brittain and America. Erected on public grounds under authority of public resolution of April 25, 1922.

46. The Zero Milestone Granite Shaft
4 feet high
North side of Ellipse, south of White House grounds - - -- - - Extended below

On June 28, 1919, permit was granted the National Highway Marking Association to erect temporary plaster monument to mark starting point of a motor convoy trip to San Francisco, which started from Washington July 7, 1919. Joint resolution June 5, 1920, authorized replacement of temporary monument by permanent one without expense to the United States. The Lee Highway Association then carried this project to conclusion. Permanent monument was completed in January, 1922 and dedicated on June 4, 1923 with elaborate ceremonies.

47. Joseph J. Darlington Memorial FountainJudiciary Square - - -Erection completed, Oct. 1923 Extended below

Presented as a gift to the people of the City of Washington without expense to the United States. Public Resolution, Mar. 3, 1923.

48. Nuns of the Battlefield Granite Shaft
with bronze figures
R.I. Ave. & M St. NW Jerome ConnorSept. 20, 1924 Extended below

Erected by Ladies' Auxiliary of Ancient Order of Hibernians, in America. Public resolution, Mar. 29, 1918, authorized erection on public grounds.

49. First Division, AEF World War I Granite Shaft
bronze figure
South of Executive Office Bldg. 17th St. & N.Y. Ave. Daniel Chester FrenchOct. 4, 1924 Extended below

Public resolution, Dec. 16, 1921, authorized erection on public grounds without expense to the United States. Erected by the Memorial Association of the First Division of the U. S. Army in the World War.

50. Bishop Francis Asbury Equestrian16th & Mt. Pleasant Sts., NW Augustus LukemanOct. 15, 1924 Extended below

Joint resolution Feb. 28, 1919 authorized Francis Asbury Memorial Association to erect the memorial on public grounds without expense to the United States.

51. SerenitySitting figure Meridian Hill Park,
west side
Jose Clara Erected in July 1925; no ceremony Extended below

Presented by Charles Deering as a gift to the people of the United States. Public resolution Mar. 12, 1924 authorized on public grounds.

52. General San MartinEquestrian Judiciary SquareCopy of original by Dumont Oct. 28, 1925Extended below

Public resolution, June 7, 1924, authorized erection on public grounds without expense to the United States.

53. John Ericsson Sitting
with allegorical group
West Potomac Park J. E. FraserMay 29, 1926 Extended below

Authorized by act of Aug. 31, 1916. Appropriated by act of June 12, 1917, $35,000. Received by private subscription $25,000. Appropriated by act of Mar. 3, 1925, $3,500 for dedication.

54. General George Gordon Meade StandingBotanic Garden grounds Charles A. GraflyOct. 19, 1927 Extended below

Erected by the State of Pennsylvania without expense to the United States. Public resolution Jan. 21, 1915, authorized its erection on U. S. property at Third Street and Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.

55. Butt-Millett Memorial Monumental Fountain Juncture of West Executive Ave. & Ellipse Road Daniel Chester French- - - Extended below

Authorized by public resolution approved Aug. 24, 1912, to be placed on public grounds at no expense to the United States.

56. Cuban FriendshipMonumental Urn (location pending)

Extended below

Acceptance authorized by public resolution approved May 22, 1928. Presented as a gift to President Coolidge from Hon. Gerardo Machade y Morales, President of the Republic of Cuba. The urn was made from a fragment of one of the columns of the monument to the "Maine" in Havana, Cuba. It is made of marble, weighing 7 tons, and was set up in the Rose Garden, in West Potomac Park, about Dec. 15, 1928.

57. Women of the World War Monumental Building E St., bet. 17th & 18th Sts., NW Trowbridge & Livingston, architects Mar. 19, 1930Extended below

Authorized by public resolution approved June 7, 1924 to cost not less than $300,000. This resolution also authorized an appropriation of $150,000, payable when a like sum is raised by private subscription. Public resolution approved Mar. 8, 1928 authorized an additional appropriation of $50,000. Plans approved by a special commission and by the Commission of Fine Arts. Total cost $556,214.10

58. President BuchananSitting Meridian Hill ParkHans Schuler June 26, 1930Extended below

Erected by trustees of the estate of Mrs. Harriet Lane Johnston. Public resolution approved June 27, 1918, authorized its erection on public grounds, without expense to the United States. Plans, design, and location approved by the Commission of Fine Arts.

59. Women's Titanic MemorialMale Figure N.H. Ave. & E St. west of 27th St. NW Harriet P. WhitneyMay 26, 1931 Extended below

Erected by the Women's Titanic Memorial Association on public grounds, without expense to the United States, by authority of the act approved Mar. 3, 1917. Site and design approved by Joint Commission of the Library and Commission of Fine Arts.

60. District of Columbia
World War Memorial
Circular Marble TempleW. Potomac Park Frederick H. BrookeNov. 11, 1931 Extended below

Erected by District of Columbia Memorial Commission, without expense to the United States, by authority of the act approved June 7, 1924. Site and design approved by Joint Committee on the Library and Commission of Fine Arts.

61. Cardinal GibbonsSitting 16th & Park Rd. NWLeo Lentelli Aug. 14, 1932Extended below

Erected on public grounds by the Knights of Columbus, without expense to the United States. Design and site approved by Commission of Fine Arts. Public resolution approved April 23, 1928, authorized its erection.

62. Arlington Memorial Bridge Monumental Bridge Across Potomac river on line joining Lincoln Mem. with entrance to Arlington National Cemetery McKim, Mead & White of New York City, architects Jan. 16, 1932Extended below

Erected by the Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission and its successor, the Office of National Parks, Buildings and Reservations of the Department of the Interior under authority of act of Congress approved Feb, 24, 1925 (43 Stat., 974), at a cost not to exceed $14,750,000; memorial symbolical of the union of the North and South and to those who died in the service of their country.

63. Lee Mansion National Memorial Historic HouseArlington National Cemetery George Hadfield, architect House transferred from War Dept., to Interior Dept., 1933 Extended below

In 1802 George Washington Parke Custis began construction of the House. Following his marriage to Mary Ann Randolph Custis, Robert E. Lee called the Arlington House his home. During the Civil War federal troops occupied the Mansion. In 1883 the United States acquired clear title to the property, and Congress appropriated $150,000 for purchase of the Mansion. By act of Mar. 4, 1925 Secretary of War was authorized to undertake the restoration of the Mansion. In 1933 the Arlington House was transferred from the War Department to the Interior Department. The house stands today as a memorial to memory of Robert E. Lee.

64. Lincoln Museum Collection of Lincolniana 511 10th St., NW, in Ford's Theater building James G. Gifford, original architect of Ford's Theater Lincoln Museum opened Feb. 12, 1932 Extended below

The United States Government rented the Ford's Theater Bldg. for a time after Lincoln's assassination in 1865. The old theater was converted into a three-story building to be used by various agencies of the War Department. An act of Congress approved April 7, 1866 appropriated $100,000 for purchase of the building. In 1932 the Osborn Oldroyd collection of Lincolniana was placed on exhibit on the first floor of the building. The Lincoln Museum was officially opened to the public on Feb. 11, 1932, and the building dedicated for Museum purposes.

65. House Where Lincoln Died Historic House516 10th St., NW - - -Apr. 21, 1932 Extended below

The Petersen House was purchased by the Government for $30,000 on Nov. 10, 1896. The Oldroyd collection of Lincolniana was housed in this home until Dec. 11, 1931, at which time it was removed to the first floor of the Ford's Theater building. The first floor of the Petersen House was restored with furnishings of the Civil War period, and opened to the public as the House Where Lincoln Died on Apr. 21, 1932.

66. Samuel GompersSitting 10th & Mass. Ave. NWRobert Aitken Oct. 7, 1933 Extended below

Cost - $117,408. Erected on public grounds without cost to the United States Government. The statue, a gift of the American Federation of Labor.

67. Francis G. Newlands Memorial FountainChevy Chase Circle Edward W. Donn, Jr.Oct. 12, 1933 Extended below

Cost - $12,000. A gift to the City of Washington. Erected under the authority of public resolution No. 15, 72d Congress, Senate joint resolution 47, and Joint resolution, April 8, 1932.

68. William Jennings Bryan Standing West Potomac Park,
Riverside Dr. & 26th St.
Gutzon BorglumMay 3, 1924 Extended below

Cost - $46,615. Erected on public grounds without cost to the United States Government. A gift of the William Jennings Bryan Association.

69. Navy-Marine Memorial Bronze Gulls in FlightColumbia Island Ernest Begrri del PiattaOct. 18, 1934 Extended below

Cost - $396,600. A gift to the city of Washington by the United States Government.

70. Original PatenteesShaft Ellipse Grounds south of White House Delos SmithApr. 25, 1936 Extended below

Cost - $1,000. Erected by the National Society of the Daughters of the American Colonists.

71. Second Division A.E.F. Memorial Flaming Sword
of Gold Leaf
President's Park James E. FraserJuly 18, 1936 Extended below

Cost - $60,000. Erected by the Second Division Association as a memorial to their Dead. The memorial erected under authority of Joint Resolution of the Congress approved in 1931.

72. General Artemas WardStanding Nebraska & Mass. Aves., NWLeonard Crunelle Nov. 3, 1938Extended below

Cost - $50,000. The statue presented to the people of the United States by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Ward was first Commander-in-Chief of the American forces in the War of Independence and a graduate of Harvard, class of 1748.

73. Guglielmo Marconi Bronze portrait statue & pedestal 16th & Lamont Sts., NWAttilio Piccirilli Sept. 8, 1941Extended below

Cost - $32,560. Erected on public grounds by the Marconi Memorial Foundation, Inc.. The foundation was granted authority to erect the memorial in park reservation by act of Congress approved April 13, 1938.

74. Thomas Jefferson Memorial Monumental BuildingThe Tidal Basin John Russell Pope, architect; Rudolph Evans, sculptor of Jefferson statue Apr. 13, 1943Extended below

Provision for building the memorial to Jefferson was made by act of Congress in 1934 by authority of Public Resolution No. 49, 73rd Congress, approved June 26, 1934. Thomas Jefferson Commission was organized to plan and supervise this work. Ground-breaking ceremonies, Dec. 15, 1938; cornerstone laid Nov. 15, 1939; the dedication April 13, 1943.

75. Jose ArtigasStanding 18th & Constitution Ave., NW Mario Paysse Reyes, Uruguayan architect June 19, 1950Extended below

Cost - $29,000. Erected on public grounds as a gift to the people of the United States and especially the school children from the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Accepted by the United States of America, under authority of Public Law No. 788, approved June 26, 1948.

76. "Peace and the Arts of Peace"
and "Valor and Sacrifice"
Monumental Equestrian Statues Arlington Memorial Bridge Plaza James E. Fraser
Leo Friedlander
Sept. 26, 1951Extended below

The two monumental equestrian statues at the entrance of Arlington Memorial bridge symbolize the arts of War and are called "Valor" and "Sacrifice." They are the work of Leo Friedlander. The two monumental equestrian statues at the entrance to the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway symbolize the arts of peace and are called "Music and Harvest" and "Aspiration and Literature." They are the work of James Earle Fraser. The statues were cast in Italy as a gift to the people of the United States of America from the people of Italy. After a National competition the designs of the respective statues were approved by the Commission of Fine Arts.




TABLE V:
RESERVATION LIST OF NATIONAL CAPITAL PARKS

Table V is omitted from this copy of A History of National Capital Parks. Copies of this table may be secured from Miss Stratton, of N. C. P.




TABLE VI:
POPULATION OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1800-1950

Census YearPopulation Increase over preceding census
NumberPercent
18003,210

18108,2084,998155.7
182013,2475,03961.4
183018.8265,57942.1
184023,3644,53824.1
185040,00116,63771.2
186061,12221,12152.8
1870109,19948,07778.7
1880147,29338,09434.0
1890188,93241,63928.3
1900278,71889,78647.5
1910331,06952,35118.8
1920437,571106,50232.2
1930486,86949,29811.3
1940663,091176,22236.2
1950802,178139,08721.0

This table was compiled by C. W. Heine from official figures of the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, April 9, 1952.



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