National Park Service The Origin and Evolution of the National Military Park Idea

PREFACE

¹Lawrence Vail Coleman, Historic House Museums (Washington, D.C.: American Association of Museums, 1933), pp. 3-21.

² Ibid., p. 113.

³ National Trust for Historic Preservation and Colonial Williamsburg, Historic Preservation Today: Essays Presented to the Seminar on Preservation and Restoration; Williamsburg, Virginia, September 8-11, 1963 (Charlottesville, Va.: The University Press of Virginia, 1966), pp. 244-45.

⁴ Charles B. Hosmer, Jr., Presence of the Past: A History of the Preservation Movement in the United States before Williamsburg (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1965), p. 22.

TEXT

¹ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, Study and Investigation of Battle Fields in the United States for Commemorative Purposes, Report No. 1071, 69th Cong., 1st Sess., 1926, pp. 1-8.

² (New York: Columbia University Press, 1946), p. 174.

³ Edmund B. Rogers (comp.), History of Legislation Relating to the National Park System through the 82d Congress (a collection of photostats in 108 vols., deposited in the Departmental Library, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1958), Vol. VII, Appendix A, for copy of S. 1805.

⁴ Allen Johnson (ed.), Dictionary of American Biography, published under the auspices of the American Council of Learned Societies (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1928), XIII, 198-99. Cited here after as DAB.

⁵ Rogers, VII, Appendix A.

⁶ U.S. Congress, House, Joint Committee on the Library, Revolutionary Battle-Fields, Report No. 795, 47th Cong., 1st Sess., 1882, pp. 1-2.

⁷ Rogers, VII, Appendix A, for copy of H.R. 2435.

⁸ DAB, IV, 482.

⁹ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on the Library, Monuments for Battle Fields of the Revolution; Also for Valley Forge and Washington's Headquarters at Morristown, in New Jersey, Report No. 2123, 48th Cong. , 1st Sess., 1884, pp. 1-5. Cited hereafter as Monuments, 1884.

¹⁰ Ibid., p. 2.

¹¹Rogers, VII, Appendix A.

¹² Monuments, 1884, p. 3.

¹³ Ibid., pp. 5-6.

¹⁴ (Boston: Little Brown, 1937), p. 257.

¹⁵ U.S., Department of the Interior, Laws Relating to the National Park Service: Supplement II, May 1944 to January 1963, compiled by Hillory A. Tolson (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963). See pp. 254-58 for the enabling act to create a national military park to be called "Gettysburg National Park," and pp. 227-32 for similar legislation for the "Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park." Such terms were used officially at least as late as 1910.

¹⁶ Samuel Eliot Morison, The Oxford History of the American People (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 747.

¹⁷ U.S. , Congress, House, Gettysburg National Military Park Commission, Annual Reports, 1893-1904, House Doc. 414, 58th Cong., 3d Sess., 1905. See Annual Report for 1893, p. 1. Cited hereafter as Annual Reports.

¹⁸ Ibid., p. 10.

¹⁹ Rogers, XXXII, Appendix A. See H.Res. 185, introduced June 1, 1894.

²⁰ U.S., Congress, House, Gettysburg National Military Park Commission, Annual Reports. See the Commission's report for 1894, p. 15.

²¹ United States v. Gettysburg Electric Ry. Co., 160 U.S. 668 (1896).

²² Ibid.

²³ Buck, pp. 258-61.

²⁴ House Committee on Military Affairs, Study and Investigation of Battlefields, pp. 2-3.

²⁵ New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga, Final Report on the Battlefield of Gettysburg (Albany, New York, 1900), III, 1371-73.

²⁶ DAB, XVI, 383-84.

²⁷ Frederick Tilberg, Historic Cemetery Survey Report: Gettysburg National Military Park, Typewritten manuscript in the files of the Northeast Regional Office, National Park Service, 143 South Third Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Saunders is quoted, pp. 6-8.

²⁸ Ibid., p. 4.

²⁹ Quoted in Curti, Roots, p. 171.

³⁰ U.S., Congress, House, Antietam National Cemetery, Mis. Doc. No. 52, 44th Cong., 1st. Sess., pp. 1-2.

³¹ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, Report No. 2325 58th Cong., 2d Sess., 1904, p. 6. Hereafter cited as House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, with date.

³² Gloria Peterson, Administrative History: Fort Donelson National Military Park, Dover, Tennessee (Report prepared for Division of History, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., June 30, 1968), pp. 13-14.

³³ Ibid., pp. 15-24.

³⁴ Rickey, History of Custer Battlefield. (Billings, Mont.: Custer Battlefield Museum and Historical Association in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1967), pp. 27-28.

³⁵ Ibid., p.29.

³⁶ Rogers, IX, Custer Battlefield National Monument, Appendix C.

³⁷ New York Monuments Commission, Final Report, p. 1374. See also Frederick Tilberg, Gettysburg National Military Park, Pennsylvania, National Park Service Historical Handbook Series No. 9 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1954, rev. 1962), p. 47.

³⁸Ibid., pp. 1374-76.

³⁹ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, Battle Lines at Gettysburgh, Report No. 3024, 51st Cong., 1st Sess., 1890, p. 4. Cited hereafter as House Committee on Military Affairs, Battle Lines at Gettysburgh.

⁴⁰ DAB, VIII, 213-15.

⁴¹ U.S., Congress, Senate, Committee on Military Affairs, Report No. 382, 46th Cong., 2d Sess., pp. 1-2.

⁴² Ibid., p. 3.

⁴³ Rogers, XXXII, Appendix A.

⁴⁴ House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, 1904, Appendix C, p. 17.

⁴⁵ U.S., Congress, Senate, A Biographical Congressional Directory: With an Outline History of the National Congress, 1774-1911 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1913). Senate Doc. 654, 61st Cong., 2d Sess., 1912, p. 586. Hereafter cited as Biographical Congressional Directory.

⁴⁶ House Committee on Military Affairs, Battle Lines at Gettysburgh, p. 4.

⁴⁷ Ibid., p. 6.

⁴⁸ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, Gettysburg Battlefield, Report No. 2188, 52d Cong., 2d Sess., 1892, p. 1.

⁴⁹ DAB, XVII, pp. 150-51.

⁵⁰ See Note 15.

⁵¹ Gettysburg National Military Park Commission, Annual Reports, 1900, p. 62.

⁵² Ibid., 1904, p. 99.

⁵³ Morison, Oxford History, p. 686.

⁵⁴ J. M. Palmer, Dedication of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, September 18-20, 1895, compiled by H.V. Boynton. Senate Report No. 637, 54th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 318.

⁵⁵ Ibid., pp.317-29

⁵⁶ U.S.,Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, Chickamauga Battlefield, Report No. 643, 51st Cong., 1st Sess., p. 1. Hereafter cited as House Committee on Military Affairs, Chickamauga.

⁵⁷ House Committee on Military Affairs, Study and Investigations of Battlefields, p. 4.

⁵⁸ House Committee on Military Affairs, Chickamauga, p. 5.

⁵⁹ Ibid., p. 5.

⁶⁰ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Parks, Report No. 374, 54th Cong., 1st Sess., pp. 1-3. Hereafter cited as House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Parks.

⁶¹ House Committee on Military Affairs, Chickamauga, p. 5.

⁶² For the enabling act see Note 15.

⁶³ Buck, Road to Reunion, pp. 261-62.

⁶⁴ DAB.

⁶⁵ Tolson, Laws Relating to the National Park Service, Supplement II, pp. 282-85.

⁶⁶ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park at the Battlefield of Shiloh, Report No. 1139, 53d Cong., 2d Sess., pp. 1-5.

⁶⁷ Biographical Congressional Directory, p. 536.

⁶⁸ U.S., Congress, House, Committee of Military Affairs, National Military Park Near Vicksburg, Miss., Report No. 596, 55th Cong., 2d Sess., p. 1.

⁶⁹ Ibid., p. 2.

⁷⁰ Ibid., pp. 2-3.

⁷¹ Ibid., pp. 3-4.

⁷² House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Parks, p. 2.

⁷³ Ibid., pp. 2-3.

⁷⁴ DAB, VIII, 421-22.

⁷⁵ Congressional Biographical Directory, p. 907.

⁷⁶ House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, 1904, Appendix C, pp. 23-24.

⁷⁷ Ibid., pp. 5-7.

⁷⁸ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, Report No. 2043, 57th Cong., 1st Sess., 1902, pp. 2-3.

⁷⁹ DAB, V, 115.

⁸⁰ House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, 1904, Appendix C, p. 9.

⁸¹ Ibid., pp. 9-10.

⁸² Ibid., pp. 13-14.

⁸³ Ibid., pp. 11-12.

⁸⁴ House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, 1902, pp. 4-5.

⁸⁵ Rogers, VII, Appendix A.

⁸⁶ House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, 1904, Appendix C, pp. 16-24.

⁸⁷ Ibid., p. 21.

⁸⁸ Ibid., p. 24.

⁸⁹ Ibid., p. 20.

⁹⁰ Ibid., p. 1-2.

⁹¹ Rogers, VII, Appendix A.

⁹² House Committee on Military Affairs, National Military Park Commission, 1904, p. 4.

⁹³ For this legislation see Tolson, Laws Relating to the National Park Service, Supplement II.

⁹⁴ For this bill see Rogers, LXIV, Appendix C.

⁹⁵ Tolson, Laws Relating to the National Park Service, pp. 9-10.

⁹⁶ House Committee on Military Affairs, Study and Investigation of Battlefields, 1926, p. 1.

⁹⁷ Ibid., pp. 9-10.

⁹⁸ Ibid., p. 4.

⁹⁹ Ibid., pp. 5-8.

¹⁰⁰ U.S. Congress, Senate, Study of Battle Fields in the United States for Commemorative Purposes, Senate Doc. No. 187, 70th Cong., 2d Sess., 1928; and Senate Doc. No. 46, 71st Cong., 2d Sess., 1929.

¹⁰¹ For this legislation see Tolson, Laws Relating to the National Park Service, Supplement II.

¹⁰² U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, Establishment of National Military Parks--Battle Fields: Hearings before the Committee and Subcommittee No. 8 of the Committee on Military Affairs, House of Representatives, March 21 and February 8, 1930, 71st Cong. , 2d Sess. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1930), pp. 1-31.

¹⁰³ U.S., Congress, House, Committee on Military Affairs, Commemoration of Certain Military Historic Events, and for Other Purposes, Report No. 1525, 71st Cong., 2d Sess.

¹⁰⁴ For this legislation see Tolson, Laws Relating to the National Park Service, Supplement II.

¹⁰⁵ Reports with Recommendations from the Committee on Study of Educational Problems in National Parks: January 9, 1929 and November 27, 1929 (a printed report of thirty pages, available in the Director's Office, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.). For Dr. Wissler's statement see page 24.