NORTH CASCADES Historic Resource Study North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington

1. United States Forest Service, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Seattle, Washington. Unaccessioned historical files. Hereinafter cited as USFS-Mt. Baker.

USFS-Mt. Baker. "Highlights in the History of the North Cascades including Selected Key Events, Acts of Congress, Legislative Proposals, and Administrative Decisions." Unpublished outline. Photocopy, n.d.

United States Forest Service, Umpqua National Forest, Roseburg, Oregon. Unaccessioned historical files. Hereinafter cited as USFS-Umpqua n.d.

USFS-Umpqua n.d. "Significant USDA-Forest Service Events by Time Period." Unpublished outline. Photocopy, n.d.

2. Ayres, H.B. The Washington Forest Reserve. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899: p. 283-4.

3. USFS - Umpqua n.d.

4. Brown, Harold E.D. Papers. University of Washington Libraries, Manuscripts, Seattle, Washington. Hereinafter cited as Brown Papers 1944.

Brown Papers 1944. "Forest Facts and Figures: Mt. Baker National Forest, Washington." Typed, 6 pp. Photocopy:p. 1.

5. USFS - Umpqua n.d.

6. Brown Papers 1944, 5.

7.United States Department of Interior. "Northern Cascades Area Report." National Park Service, November 1937. Numerous reports and appendices contained within. Hereinafter cited as USDI.

USDI. "Editorials and newspaper clippings: USFS Press Release for Whatcom Primitive Area," Appendix K, 1931.

8. Brown Papers 1944, 4.

9. USDI. "The National Forests" by C.J. Buck, Regional Forester, 1937. Published in The Puget Sounder, July 1937. Hereinafter cited as USDI 1937.

10. University of Washington. Pamphlet file, Northwest Collection. "Partly Unexplored Cascade Wilderness made 'Refuge,'" 1934.

11. Mount Baker National Forest Maps. Numerous dates. Hereinafter cited as MBNF.

MBNF map 1922.

12. United States Department of Agriculture. "Mount Baker National Forest, Washington." USDA, Forest Service, North Pacific Region, 1932.

13. USDI 1937.

14. Federal Archives and Records Center, Seattle, Washington. Records of the Department of Agriculture, United States Forest Service, Record Group 95. Portland Regional Office. Unaccessioned historical files. Hereinafter cited as FARC-RG 95-POR.

FARC-RG 95-POR. Supervisor's Inspection Report, Skagit River Ranger District, by C.H. Park, 26 November 1921, Section 8. Hereinafter cited as FARC-RG 95-POR 1921.

15. Chelan Valley Mirror, 30 September 1926. Hereinafter cited as CVM.

16. Federal Archives and Records Center, Seattle, Washington. Records of the Department of Agriculture, United States Forest Service, Record Group 95. Chelan National Forest. Unaccessioned historical files. Hereinafter cited as .FARC-RG 95-Chelan.

FARC-RG 95-Chelan. Supervisor's Inspection Report, Stehekin Ranger District, 28 November 1931.

17. United States Forest Service, Okanogan National Forest, Okanogan, Washington. Unaccessioned historical files. Hereinafter cited as USFS-Okanogan.

USFS-Okanogan. "Historical Summary, Chelan National Forest," by P.T. Harris, 11 March 1939. Photocopy.

18. Buckner, Harry. Taped interview, Stehekin, Washington, 3 November 1973. University of Washington Libraries, Manuscripts, Seattle. Hereinafter cited as Buckner 1973.

19. United States Department of Agriculture, United States Forest Service, Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Sedro Woolley, Washington. Lands Division. General Land Office survey notes. Hereinafter cited as USDA-Lands.

USDA-Lands. "Land Ownership-Skagit" notebook, n.d. Hereinafter cited as USDA-Lands n.d.

Frank Backus' homestead was patented in 1897.

20. Clark, Donald H. Papers. University of Washington Libraries, Manuscripts, Seattle. Concrete Herald, 50th Anniversary Edition, 1901-1951, 21 June 1951: p.6. Hereinafter cited as Clark Papers.

21. Thompson, Thomas Papers. Washington State University Library, Pullman. Numerous dates. Hereinafter cited as Thompson Papers.

Thompson Papers. November, 3 December 1915.

22. FARC-RG 95-POR 1921, Section 5.

23. Luxenberg, Gretchen A. Historic Structures Inventory: North Cascades National Park Service Complex. Seattle: National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region, 1984: Marblemount, pp. 1-5. Hereinafter cited as Luxenberg 1984.

24. USFS-Okanogan, "Ranger Districts, Lookouts, Etc." by George Wright, n.d. Photocopy.

Chelan Electric Company map, Chelan, Washington, 1913. Hereinafter cited as CE 1913.

25. USDA-Lands. Map of T33N R17E, ca. 1910. Hereinafter cited as USDA-Lands 1910.

USFS-Okanogan. Letter to F.F. Vetzke, 9 October 1908.

26. Luxenberg 1984, 100-103.

27. FARC-RG 95-Chelan. Report on Improvements: Buildings, 3 December 1935.

28. Luxenberg 1984, 101.

29. MBNF 1926.

30. USFS-Okanogan. List of reserved sites on Chelan National Forest, 20 September 1932.

31. Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, Washington. Plat of USMM No1139, Cascade Mining District, n.d. Microfiche.

32. Washington National Forest Map 1913. Hereinafter cited as WNF 1913.

33. MBNF 1926.

34. Luxenberg 1984, 66.

35. Luxenberg 1984, 62-65.

36. Chelan National Forest Map 1937. Hereinafter cited as CNF 1937.

37. WNF 1913.

According to former Stehekin resident Curt Courtney, the barn at Bridge Creek was built by John Gladney in 1939 for the USFS. (NOCA memo from Wilsey to Douglass, 4-14-86)

38. MBNF 1926, 1931.

39. FARC-RG 95-POR. Letter from C.H. Flory to Regional Forester, 13 November 1937.

40. FARC-RG 95-POR. Memo from M.L. Merritt, 24 January 1938.

41. Chriswell, Harold C. "Historical Sketch of Mount Baker National Forest." The Mountaineer, Volume 57, No. 4, 15 March 1964: p. 50.

42. Luxenberg 1984, 29.

43. Seattle Lighting Department. Papers. University of Washington Libraries, Manuscripts, Seattle, Washington Numerous dates. Hereinafter cited as SLD.

SLD. Letter from L.B. Pagter to City Engineer, 9 April 1930.

44. Berry, Fred J. Taped interview by Jim Harris, Bayview, Washington, 25 January 1985. Hereinafter cited as Berry 1985.

Major changes to the late 1920s residence include the enclosure of the front porch by Berry, a USFS employee stationed there.

45. USFS - Mt. Baker, Memo to SCL, 21 January 1954.

46. Field, Newton. The Mount Baker Almanac: Mount Baker National Forest: A Book of Historical Facts and Figures. Mount Baker National Forest, 1950: p. 146. Hereinafter cited as Field 1950.

47. MBNF 1926, 1931.

48. MBNF 1936 - 37.

49. Metsker Map of Whatcom County, 1942.

50. Farrer, Charles M. Papers. University of Washington Libraries, Manuscripts, Seattle, Washington. "By Trail to Wilderness Area of North Cascades," Seattle Times, 25 November 1945. Hereinafter cited as Farrer Papers 1945.

51. Luxenberg 1984, 23.

52. Berry 1985.

53. FARC-RG 95-POR. Memo from USFS to SCL, 20 May 1947.

54. Farrer Papers 1945.

55. Luxenberg 1984, 17.

56. Field 1950, 147.

A second source, a 1933 SCL map of the "Skagit Project: Topography of Ruby Reservoir," shows Boundary Ranger Station located across from Arctic Creek.

57. FARC-RG 95-POR. USFS memorandum, 19 December 1946.

58. Luxenberg 1984, 26.

59. Thompson Papers 1918, 1920, 1941.

60. Thompson Papers.

61. Chelan Leader, 21 June 1907. Hereinafter cited as CL.

62. DeBorde, Mary. "Glacier: A History." Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Glacier Ranger District, Glacier, Washington, 15 January 1981: p. 69. Unpublished manuscript. Photocopy.

63. FARC-RG 95-POR. "Specifications for Forestry Lookout Stations," 25 January 1939.

64. Kresek, Ray. Fire Lookouts of the Northwest. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, 1984: p. 11-12.

Spring, Ira and B. Fish. Lookouts-Firewatchers of the Cascades and Olympics. Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1981: pp. 5-18. Hereinafter cited as Spring 1981.

65. Thompson Papers.

66. FARC-RG 95-POR. "Washington Hatchet," 1 April 1916.

Hereinafter cited as FARC-RG 95-POR 1916.

67. USFS-Mt. Baker. USFS Memorandum, 28 May 1926.

68. Luxenberg 1984, 6, 10, 15, 37.

Berry, Fred, Taped interview. University of Washington Libraries, Manuscripts, Seattle, Washington, 24 August 1973.

69. CVM, 9 September 1926.

70. CVM, 8 July 1937.

71. Darvil, Fred. Stehekin: The Enchanted Valley. Edmonds, Washington: Signpost Books, 1981: p. 11-12

FARC-RG 95-POR. "Surplus Improvements Disposed of (or Pending) on Chelan National Forest during period 9/1 /49-9/1 5/52."

72. FARC-RG 95-Chelan. Fire Protection file, 1953.

73. Spring 1981, 17.

74. Ibid., 187-198.

75. Steen, Harold K. The U.S. Forest Service: A History. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1976: pp. 113-122. Hereinafter cited as Steen 1976.

76. Thompson Papers, 1 August 1914.

77. FARC-RG 95-POR 1916, 18, 19.

78. Ibid.

79. Okanogan National Forest Map 1917.

80. Steen 1976, 209.

81. Luxenberg 1984, 58, 61, 104.

82. American Automobile Association. Mount Baker Quadrangle map, 1929. University of Washington Libraries, Maps, Seattle, Washington.

United States Forest Service, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Sedro Woolley, Washington. Unaccessioned historical files. Hereinafter cited as USFS-SW.

USFS-SW. "Trails Shelter Plan-Skagit District," c. 1958.

83. FARC-RG 95-POR 1916, 32-34.

84. Thompson Papers, 20 July, 25 August 1937.

North Cascades National Park, Sedro Woolley, Washington. Memorandum from Kevin Mullen to files, 13 July 1977.

85. FARC-RG 95-POR. "War Emergency Protection Plan," 31 January 1942.

86. Simons, David R. "Brief: The Need for Scenic Resource Conservation in the Northern Cascades of Washington." Sierra Club Conservation Committee, San Francisco, 1958. Typed Manuscript: p. 4. Photocopy.

Steen 1976, 246-77.

87. Thompson Papers, December 1941.

88. Thompson Papers, April, July 1942.

89. USFS-SW. "Historical Record-Skagit District," 1946. Typed manuscript. Photocopy.

90. SLD. Cooperative Agreement with USFS, 27 May 1951.

91. Luxenberg 1984, 29-30.

92. SLD. Letter from L.B. Pagter to J.D. Ross, 11 October 1933.

93. Merrill, Perry H. Roosevelt's Forest Army: A History of the Civilian Conservation Corps 1933-1942. Montpelier, Vermont: Perry H. Merrill, 1981: p. vii. Hereinafter cited as Merrill 1981.

94. Ibid., 187.

Steen 1976, 213-216.

95. Merrill 1981, 16.

96. FARC-RG 95-Mt. Baker. CCC Inspection and Progress Report, 9 September 1933.

97. FARC-RG 95-Mt. Baker. CCC Inspection Record, 19 August 1933.

98. Thompson Papers, 14 July 1935. Luxenberg 1984, 34.

99. FARC-RG 95-Mt. Baker. CCC Inspection Record, 19 August 1933.

100. Thompson Papers, 27 May 1940, 1 April 1941.

101. FARC-RG 95-POR. "Memorandum of Inspection, Chelan National Forest," 7-8 June.

102. Luxenberg 1984, 58, 61, 104.

103. CVM, 29 July 1937.

104. FARC-RG 95-Chelan. "CCC Progress Report," 7 August 1938.

105. FARC-RG 95-Mt. Baker. CCC Camp Inspection Report, 1936-37.

106. Luxenberg 1984, 21, 23.

107. Herron, William Harrison. Profile Surveys in 1915 in Skagit River Basin, Washington. Washington: Government Printing Office, Department of Interior, 1916: p. 7.

108. FARC-RG 95-POR. Special-use permits: Listing of USGS Cabins, n.d.

SLD. Letter to G.E. Quinan from Fred Veatch, USGS, 26 April 1943, p. 2.

109. North Cascades National Park, Stehekin, Washington. Special-use Permits file. Letter from C.R. Mohler to J.K. Blair, 27 October 1955.

110. CE 1913.

111. CL, 21 August 1903.

Lake Superior white fish and great trout, all kinds of small stream trout, perch, black bass, and other species of game fish were propagated in it.

112. Wenatchee World, 1 May 1915. Hereinafter cited as WW.

113. MBNF 1926.

114. CNF 1937.

115. Luxenberg 1984, 86.

116. WW, 22 July 1953.

117. Tharp, Jack. Telephone interview with author, 14 September 1984.

118. SLD, 12 November 1937.

119. FARC-RG 95-Mt. Baker. USFS memorandum for files, 28 September 1948.

120. Luxenberg 1984, 12.