Rainbow Bridge A Bridge Between Cultures: An Administrative History of Rainbow Bridge National Monument

Central Files
Cultural Resources Archive Files
Interpretation Files

College Park, MD
Denver, CO
Laguna Niguel, CA
San Bruno, CA

Denny Davies. July 27. 2000, Springdale, Utah.

Tom Dougi. December 19, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Celone Dougi. December 19, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Stephanie Dubois. July 27, 2000, Cedar City, Utah.

Phil R. Geib. June 19, 2000 and January 15, 2001, Window Rock, Arizona.

Velta E. Luther. December 19, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Leo Manheimer. December 18, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Sylvia Manygoats. December 19, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Buck Navajo. December 18, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Jack Owl. December 20, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

Bessie Owl. December 20, 2000, Navajo Mountain, Arizona.

John Ritenour. July 24, 2000, Page, Arizona.

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Bernheimer, Charles L. Rainbow Bridge: Circling Navajo Mountain and Explorations in the "Bad Lands" of Southern Utah and Northern Arizona. Garden City: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1924.

Boyce, George A. When the Navajos Had Too Many Sheep: The 1940s. San Francisco: The Indian Historian Press, 1974.

Clemmer, Richard O. Roads in the Sky: The Hopi Indians In A Century of Change. Boulder: Westview Books, 1995.

Crampton, C. Gregory. Standing Up Country: The Canyon Lands of Utah and Arizona. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964.

Crampton, C. Gregory. Outline History of the Glen Canyon Region, 1776-1922. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1959.

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Euler, Robert C. Southern Paiute Ethnohistory. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1966.

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Geib. Phil R. Glen Canyon Revisited. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1996.

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Grey, Zane. Tales of Lonely Trails. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1922.

Hall, Ansel F. General Report on the Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Expedition of 1933. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1934.

Harvey, Mark W.T. A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.

Hassell, Hank. Rainbow Bridge: An Illustrated History. Logan: Utah State University Press, 1999.

Hintze, Lehi F. Geologic History of Utah. Provo: Department of Geology, Brigham Young University, 1988.

Hoofnagle, Keith. "Frank 'Boss' Pinkley: 1881-1940." In National Park Service: The First 75 Years, ed. William H. Sontag. Eastern National Park & Monument Association, 1990.

Iverson, Peter. The Navajo Nation. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1981.

Judd, Neil M. Men Met Along the Trail: Adventures in Archaeology. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.

Kelly, Isabel T. Southern Paiute Ethnography. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1965.

Levy, Jerrold E. In The Beginning: The Navajo Genesis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Luckert, Karl W. Navajo Mountain and Rainbow Bridge Religion. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona, 1977.

Martin, Russell. A Story That Stands Like A Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1989.

McNitt, Frank. Richard Wetherill: Anasazi. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1957.

McPherson, Robert S. The Northern Navajo Frontier 1860-1900: Expansion Through Adversity. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988.

Nuwuvi: A Southern Paiute History. Intertribal Council of Nevada, 1976.

O'Connell, Daniel T. The Geology of Rainbow Bridge, Utah: The Largest Natural Bridge in the World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1936.

Ortiz, Alfonso, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 10, Southwest. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1983.

Perry, R.J. Western Apache Heritage. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

Richardson, Gladwell. Navajo Trader. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986.

Rothman, Hal K. The Greening of a Nation? Environmentalism in the United States Since 1945. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998.

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Rothman, Hal K. Preserving Different Pasts: The American National Monuments. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

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Shepardson, Mary and Blowden Hammond, The Navajo Mountain Community: Social Organization and Kinship Terminology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970).

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Topping, Gary. Glen Canyon and the San Juan County. Moscow: University of Idaho Press, 1997.

Towner, Ronald H. and Jeffrey S. Dean. "Questions and Problems in Pre-Fort Sumner Navajo Archeology." In The Archeology of Navajo Origins, ed. Ronald H. Towner. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1996.

Trafzer, Clifford E. The Kit Carson Campaign: The Last Great Navajo War. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1982.

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Underhill, Ruth M. The Navajos. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.

White, Richard. The Roots Of Dependency: Subsistence, Environment, and Social Change Among the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983.

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Yazzie, Ethelou, ed., Navajo History. Rough Rock: Rough Rock Demonstration School, 1971.

Zolbrod, Paul G. Dine bahane: The Navajo Creation Story. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1984.

Bolton, Herbert E. "Pageant in the Wilderness: The Story of the Escalante Expedition to the Interior Basin, 1776," Utah Historical Quarterly 18 (1950).

Cummings, Byron. "The Great Natural Bridges of Utah." National Geographic Magazine 21 (February 1910).

Hall, Jr., E.T. "Recent Clues to Athabaskan Prehistory in the Southwest," American Anthropologist 46.

Heald, Weldon F. "Who Discovered Rainbow Bridge?" Sierra Club Bulletin 40 (October 1955).

Jett, Stephen. "The Great Race to Discover Rainbow Natural Bridge in 1909." KIVA 58 (1992).

Jett, Stephen. "Testimony of the Sacredness of Rainbow Natural Bridge to Puebloans, Navajos, and Paiutes." Plateau 45 (1973).

Judd, Neil M. "The Discovery of Rainbow Bridge." National Parks Bulletin 54 (November 1927).

Lockett, Hattie Greene. The Unwritten Literature of the Hopi, University of Arizona Social Science Bulletin 4, no. 2 (1933)

Madsen, David B. and Steven R. Simms, "The Fremont Complex: A Behavioral Perspective," Journal of World Prehistory 12, no. 3(1998).

Richardson, Elmo R. "Federal Park Policy in Utah: The Escalante National Monument Controversy of 1935-1940." Utah Historical Quarterly (Spring 1965).

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Scher, Zeke. "Rainbow Bridge Ain't What It Used To Be." Empire Magazine (Denver Post) (September 17, 1978).

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Smith, Chris, and Elizabeth Manning. "The sacred and profane collide in the West." High Country News (May 26, 1997).

Arizona Daily Sun
Arizona Republic
The Denver Post
Deseret News
The El Paso Times
Navajo Times
New York Times
Daily Spectrum
Salt Lake Tribune
San Francisco Chronicle

Baker, Arthur A. Geology of the Monument Valley-Navajo Mountain Region, San Juan County Utah. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1936.

Carr, Neita V. and Robert T. Trotter, II. "Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Rainbow Bridge National Monument." Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University. Prepared for the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, March 10, 1992.

Downer, Alan, Rena Martin. Timothy Begay, and Richard Begay. Summary of Remarks, "Navajo Cultural Concerns and NPS Management," in "Report of the Navajo Nation/Navajo Lands Area Superintendents Summit Meeting, April 16-17, 1997." Capitol Reef National Park.

Geib, Phil R., Helen C. Fairley, and Peter W. Bungart. Archaeological Survey in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Year 1 Descriptive Report, 1984-1985. Northern Arizona University Archaeological Report No. 983a (November 1986). U.S. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Rocky Mountain Regional Office.

Rainbow Bridge National Monument: General Management Plan, Development Concept Plan, Resource Management Plan, Interpretive Prospectus, and Environmental Assessment. [Denver], 1993.

Johnson, Christopher G., The Significance of Rainbow Bridge: From Prehistory to the Present, M.A. Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 1996.