WRANGELL-ST. ELIAS A History of the Chisana Mining District, Alaska, 1890-1990

BOOKS

Adney, Tappan. The Klondike Stampede of 1897-1898. New York and London: Harper and Brothers, Publishers, 1900.

Atwood, Evangeline, and Robert N. DeArmond. Who's Who in Alaska Politics. Anchorage: Alaska Historical Commission, 1977.

Barry, Mary J. A History of Mining on the Kenai Peninsula. Anchorage: Alaska Northwest Publishing Company, 1976.

Berton, Pierre. The Klondike Fever. The Life and Death of the Last Great Gold Rush. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1958.

Cairnes, DeLorme D. Upper White River District, Yukon. Geological Survey Memoir 50. Ottawa: Canada Department of Mines, 1915.

Cole, Terrence M. Historic Use of the Chisana and Nabesna Rivers, Alaska. Anchorage: Alaska Department of Natural Resources, 1979.

Day, Beth. Glacier Pilot: The Story of Bob Reeve. Sausalito, Cal.: Comstock Editions, Inc., 1986.

Ferrell, Ed. Biographies of Alaska-Yukon Pioneers, 1850-1950. Bowie, Md.: Heritage Books, Inc., 1994.

________. Biographies of Alaska-Yukon Pioneers, 1850-1950. Volume 2. Bowie, Md.: Heritage Books, Inc., 1995.

Gates, Michael. Gold at Fortymile creek: Early Days in the Yukon. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1994.

Green, Lewis. The Boundary Hunters. Surveying the 141st Meridian and the Alaska Panhandle. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1982.

________. The Gold Hustlers. Dredging the Klondike, 1898-1966. Vancouver: Dacher Printing Ltd., 1994.

Gruening, Ernest. The State of Alaska. A Definitive History of America's Northernmost Frontier. New York: Random House, 1954.

Hicks, John D. The Populist Revolt. A History of the Farmers' Alliance and the People's Party. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961.

Hofstadter, Richard, ed. The Progressive Movement, 1900-1915. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1963.

Hulley, Clarence C. Alaska, 1741-1953. Portland: Binfords and Mort, Publishers, 1953.

Hunt, William R. North of 53°: The Wild Days of the Alaska-Yukon Mining Frontier 1870-1914. New York: Macmillian Publishing Company, 1974.

________. Mountain Wilderness: Historic Resource Study for Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Anchorage: National Park Service, 1991.

________. Golden Places: A History of Alaska-Yukon Mining with Particular Reference to Alaska's National Parks. Anchorage: National Park Service, n.d.

Jackson, Lone. Mudhole Smith: Alaska Flier. Anchorage: Alaska Northwest Publishing Company, 1981.

Johnson, Allen, ed. Dictionary of American Biography. Volume 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1929.

Kari, James, ed. Tatl'ahwt'aenn Nenn' The Headwaters People's Country. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, 1986.

Kettleson, Clara. The Golden Thread. San Diego: North Star Press, 1984.

Kirchhoff, Mark J. Historic McCarthy: The Town that Copper Built. Juneau: Alaska Cedar Press, 1993.

McGuire, J. A. In the Alaska-Yukon Gamelands. Cincinnati: Stewart Kidd Company, 1921.

McKennan, Robert. The Upper Tanana Indians. Yale University Publications in Anthropology No. 55. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Anthropology Department, 1959.

Mowry, George E. The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1958.

Peterson, Knut D. When Alaska Was Free. Port Washington, N.Y.: Ashley Books, 1977.

________. The Lost Frontier. Port Washington, N.Y.: Ashley Books, 1980.

Polk, D. L., and Company. Alaska-Yukon Gazetteer and Directory, 1915-1916. Seattle: D. L. Polk and Company, 1916.

Reckord, Holly. Where Raven Stood: Cultural Resources of the Ahtna Region. Occasional Paper No. 35. Fairbanks: Cooperative Park Studies Unit, 1983.

Simeone, William E. Rifles, Blankets, and Beads: Identity, History, and the Northern Athapaskan Potlatch. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995.

Stuck, Hudson. Voyages on the Yukon and Its Tributaries. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1917.

Tewkesbury, David, and William Tewkesbury. Tewkesbury's Who's Who in Alaska and Alaska Business Index, Vol. 19471. Seattle: Tewkesbury Publishers, 1947.

Wharton, David. The Alaska Gold Rush. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.

Wood, Walter A. A History of Mountaineering in the Saint Elias Mountains. No city: Yukon Alpine Centennial Expedition, [1967].

Young, George O. Alaskan-Yukon Trophies Won and Lost. Huntington, W.V.: Standard Publications, Inc., 1947.

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

Brooks, Alfred H. "A Reconnaissance in the White and Tanana River Basins, Alaska, in 1898." In U.S. Geological Survey, Twentieth Annual Report . . . 1898-1899, Part 7, 425-94. Washington: GPO, 1900.

________. "A Reconnaissance from Pyramid Harbor to Eagle City, Alaska, including a Description of the Copper Deposits of the Upper White and Tanana Rivers." In U.S. Geological Survey, Twenty-first Annual Report . . . 1899-1900, Part 2, 331-91. Washington: GPO, 1900.

________. "Placer Mining in Alaska in 1903." In S. F. Emmons and Charles W. Hayes, eds., Contributions to Economic Geology, 1903, 43-59. USGS Bulletin No. 225. Washington: GPO, 1904.

_________. "The Chisana Placer District." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1913, 309-20. USGS Bulletin 592. Washington: GPO, 1914.

_________. "The Alaskan Mining Industry in 1915." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1915, 16-71. USGS Bulletin No. 642. Washington: GPO, 1916.

________. "The Alaskan Mining Industry in 1916." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1916, 11-62. USGS Bulletin No. 662. Washington: GPO, 1918.

________. "The Alaskan Mining Industry in 1920." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1920, 7-67. USGS Bulletin No. 722. Washington: GPO, 1922.

________. "The Alaskan Mining Industry in 1921." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1921, 1-44. USGS Bulletin No. 739. Washington: GPO, 1923.

________. "Alaska's Mineral Resources and Production, 1923." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1923, 3-52. USGS Bulletin No. 773. Washington: GPO, 1925.

Brooks, Alfred H., and Stephen R. Capps. "The Alaskan Mining Industry in 1922." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1922, 3-49. USGS Bulletin No. 755. Washington: GPO, 1924.

Brooks, Alfred H., and George C. Martin. "The Alaskan Mining Industry in 1919." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1919, 59-95. USGS Bulletin No. 714. Washington: GPO, 1921.

Capps, Stephen R. "Mineral Resources of the Chisana-White River District." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska. Report on Progress of Investigations in 1914, 189-228. USGS Bulletin No. 622. Washington: GPO, 1915.

________. The Chisana-White River District, Alaska. USGS Bulletin No. 630. Washington: GPO, 1916.

Fay, Albert H. A Glossary of the Mining and Mineral Industry. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 95. Washington: GPO, 1920.

Gardner, E. D., and C. H. Johnson. Placer Mining in the Western United States. Part I. General Information, Hand-Shoveling, and Ground Sluicing. U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6786. September 1934.

________ Placer Mining in the Western United States. Part II. Hydraulicking, Treatment of Placer Concentrates, and Marketing of Gold. U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6787. October 1934.

International Boundary Commission. Joint Report upon the Survey and Demarcation of the International Boundary between the United States and Canada. Ottawa and Washington: GPO, 1918.

Jackson, Charles F., and John B. Knaebel. Small-Scale Placer-Mining Methods. U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6611, sixth revision. May 1934.

Maloney, William. Report of William Maloney, Territorial Mine Inspector, to the Governor of Alaska for the Year 1916. Juneau: Territorial Department of Mines, 1917.

________. Report of the Territorial Mine Inspector to the Governor of Alaska for the Year, 1917. Juneau: Territorial Department of Mines, 1918.

Martin, George C. "The Mining Industry of Alaska in 1917." In George C. Martin, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1917, 11-42. USGS Bulletin No. 692. Washington: GPO, 1919.

________. "The Alaskan Mining Industry in 1918." In George C. Martin, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report of Progress of Investigations in 1918, 11-52. USGS Bulletin No. 712. Washington: GPO, 1919.

Mendenhall, Walter C., and Frank C. Schrader. "Copper Deposits of the Mount Wrangell Region, Alaska." In S. F. Emmons and Charles W. Hayes, eds., Contributions to Economic Geology, 1902, 141-48. USGS Bulletin No. 213. Washington: GPO, 1903.

________. The Mineral Resources of the Mount Wrangell District, Alaska. USGS Professional Paper No. 15. Washington: GPO, 1903.

Moffit, Fred H. "Mineral Industry of Alaska in 1925 and Administrative Report." In Fred H. Moffit, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska. Report on Progress of Investigations in 1925, 1-39. USGS Bulletin No. 792. Washington: GPO, 1927.

_________. "Recent Mineral Developments in the Copper River Region, Alaska." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1935, 97-109. USGS Bulletin No. 880. Washington: GPO, 1937.

_________. "Geology of the Nutzotin Mountains, Alaska." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1940, 103-99. USGS Bulletin No. 933. Washington: GPO, 1943.

_______. Geology of the Eastern Part of the Alaska Range and Adjacent Area, 65-218. USGS Bulletin No. 989. Washington: GPO, 1954.

Moffit, Fred H., and Adolph Knopf. "Mineral Resources of the Nabesna-White River District." In Alfred H. Brooks, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1907, 161-80. USGS Bulletin No. 379. Washington: GPO, 1909.

________. Mineral Resources of the Nabesna-White River District, Alaska. USGS Bulletin No. 417. Washington: GPO, 1910.

Orth, Donald J. Dictionary of Alaska Place Names. USGS Professional Paper 567. Washington: GPO, 1971.

Purington, Chester W. Methods and Costs of Gravel and Placer Mining in Alaska. USGS Bulletin 263. Washington: GPO, 1905.

Rohn, Oscar. "Report of Oscar Rohn on Exploration in Wrangell Mountain District." In Capt. William R. Abercrombie, ed., Alaska, 1899. Copper River Exploring Expedition, 105-30. Washington: GPO, 1900.

Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Hearings, Alaska Native Land Claims, S. 2906, and S. 1964, S. 2690, S. 2020, and S. 3586, Related Bills, Part 2. 90th Cong., 2d sess., July 12, 1968.

________. Hearings, Alaska Native Land Claims, S. 1830. 91st Cong., 1st sess., April 29, 1969.

Smith, Philip S. "Mineral Industry of Alaska in 1924." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1924, 1-30. USGS Bulletin No. 783. Washington: GPO, 1926.

________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1926." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1926, 1-50. USGS Bulletin No. 797. Washington: GPO, 1929.

________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1927." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1927, 1-64. USGS Bulletin No. 810. Washington: GPO, 1929.

________ "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1928." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1928, 1-72. USGS Bulletin No. 813. Washington: GPO, 1930.

________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1929." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1929, 1-81. USGS Bulletin No. 824. Washington: GPO, 1932.

_________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1930." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1930, 1-83. USGS Bulletin No. 836. Washington: GPO, 1931.

________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1931." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1931, 1-117. USGS Bulletin No. 844. Washington: GPO, 1933.

_________ "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1932." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1932, 1-91. USGS Bulletin No. 857. Washington: GPO, 1934.

________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1933." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1933, 1-94. USGS Bulletin No. 864. Washington: GPO, 1936.

_________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1934." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1934, 1-91. USGS Bulletin No. 868. Washington: GPO, 1937.

_________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1935." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1935, 1-95. USGS Bulletin No. 880. Washington: GPO, 1937.

_________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1936." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1936, 1-107. USGS Bulletin No. 897. Washington: GPO, 1938.

_________ "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1937." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1937, 1-113. USGS Bulletin No. 910. Washington: GPO, 1939.

_________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1938." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1938, 1-113. USGS Bulletin No. 917. Washington: GPO, 1939.

_________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1939." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1939, 1-106. USGS Bulletin No. 926. Washington: GPO, 1939.

________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1940." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1940, 1-102. USGS Bulletin No. 933. Washington: GPO, 1942.

________. "Mineral Industry in Alaska in 1941 and 1942." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigation in 1941 and 1942, 1-23. USGS Bulletin No. 943. Washington: GPO, 1944.

Stewart, Benjamin D. Annual Report of the Mine Inspector to the Governor of Alaska, 1923. Juneau: Alaska Territorial Department of Mines, 1923.

________. Report on Cooperation Between the Territory of Alaska and the United States in Making Mining Investigations and in the Inspection of Mines for the Biennium Ending March 31, 1931. Juneau: Territorial Department of Mines, 1931.

________. Mining Investigations and Mine Inspection in Alaska: Biennium Ending March 31, 1933. Juneau: Territorial Department of Mines, 1933.

________. Report of the Commissioner of Mines to the Governor for the Biennium Ended December 31, 1946. Juneau: Territorial Department of Mines, 1947.

Wayland, R. G. "Gold Deposits Near Nabesna." In Philip S. Smith, et al., eds., Mineral Resources of Alaska: Report on Progress of Investigations in 1940, 175-99. USGS Bulletin No. 933. Washington: GPO, 1943.

Wimmler, Norman L. "Placer Mining in Alaska in 1923." In Benjamin D. Stewart, ed., Annual Report of the Territorial Mine Inspector to the Governor of Alaska, 1923. Juneau: Territorial Department of Mines, 1924.

________. Placer-Mining Methods and Costs in Alaska. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 259. Washington: GPO, 1927.

ARTICLES

"Andy Taylor--A Man of the Region." Alaska Geographic 8, no. 1 (1981): 107.

Barry, Mary J. "The Recollections of Neil Finnesand." Anchorage Today. October 29, 1975.

Bell, R. R. "Shushana Rush." Alaska Sportsman 30, no. 12 (December 1964): 39-51.

De Laguna, Frederica, and Catharinne McClellan. "Ahtna." In June Helm, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 6, Subarctic, 641-63. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1981.

Harrison, S. E. "Great Copper Zone in Alaska." Alaska-Yukon Magazine 3, no. 4 (1907): 339-41.

_______ "Alaskan Copper." Alaska-Yukon Magazine 4, no. 6 (1908): 449-55.

Hayes, Charles W. "An Expedition through the Yukon District." The National Geographic Magazine 4 (May 1892): 118-62.

Hickathier, Bud. "Chisana Mail Bag." Alaska Sportsman 31, no. 6 (June 1965): 20-21.

Hicks, John D. "Populist Origins." In Arthur Mann, ed., The Progressive Era. Liberal Renaissance or Liberal Failure?, 17-27. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963.

"High Peaks of the Wrangell and Saint Elias." Alaska Geographic 8, no. 1 (1981): 98-106.

John, Fred. "Mendaes Nenn' Shallows Lake Country." In James Kari, ed., Tatl'ahwt'aenn Nenn' The Headwaters People's Country, 194-206. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, 1985.

Johnson, George. "Chisana." Alaska Sportsman 32, no. 5 (May 1966): 31-33.

Justin, Jack J. "Naabia Tl'aat Upper Nabesna River." In James Kari, ed., Tatl'ahwt'aenn Nenn' The Headwaters People's Country, 208-11. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, 1985.

Kirchhoff, Mark J. "Shushanna: Alaska's Last Great Gold Rush." Alaska Geographic 16, no. 3 (1989): 47-69.

Mangusso, Mary C. "Tony Dimond. Alaska Journal (Autumn 1982): 11-23.

McClellan, Catharine. "Tutchone." In June Helm, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 6, Subarctic, 493-505. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1981.

McKennan, Robert. "Tanana." In June Helm, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 6, Subarctic, 562-76. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1981.

Tower, Elizabeth A. "Hazelet's High Road to Chisana: Tapping a Gold Mine for Cordova." Alaska History 6, no. 2 (Fall 1991): 1-15.

________, ed. "Railroad Fever in Valdez, 1898-1907: An Account by George C. Hazelet." Alaska History 9, no. 2 (Fall 1994): 34-43.

MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS

Alaska District Court Records. Third Division. Chitina Recording District, 1945-1948. Record Book Volume 13. Glennallen, Alaska.

Alaska Road Commission Records. RG 30. National Archives-Alaska Region. Anchorage, Alaska (hereafter cited NA-AR).

Best, Fred W. Best Collection. Alaska State Library and Archives. Juneau, Alaska (hereafter cited ASL).

Bufvers, John. Valdez Trail Days." Typed manuscript. Bufvers Collection. ASL.

Dimond, Anthony J. Dimond Collection. Rasmuson Library. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, Alaska (hereafter cited UAF).

Donohoe, Thomas J. Donohoe-Ostrander-Dimond Collection. UAF.

Lindblom, Ruben. "A Cheechaka's First Stampede." Typed manuscript. Historical files. Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Copper Center, Alaska (hereafter cited WRST).

Medary, Milton B., Jr. "A Hunting Trip in Alaska." Medary Collection. UAF.

INTERVIEWS

Joe, Bell. Interview conducted by Geoffrey Bleakley. September 16, 1995. Chistochina, Alaska. Audio tape in WRST files.

Starbuck, Stuart. Interview conducted by Geoffrey Bleakley. August 25, 1995. Skagway, Alaska. Audio tape in WRST files.

Strunk, Georgia. Personal communication with Geoffrey Bleakley. March 15, 1996. Glennallen, Alaska. Notes in author's files.

Thorall, Ivan R. Personal communication with Geoffrey Bleakley, Steve Lang, and Amy Gallaway. July 20, 1995. Chisana, Alaska. Notes in author's files.

________. Personal communication with Geoffrey Bleakley. August 8, 1996. Chisana, Alaska. Notes in author's files.

PHOTOGRAPH COLLECTIONS

Best, Fred W. Best Collection. ASL.

Cairnes, DeLorme D. Cairnes Collection. Earth Sciences Information Centre. Earth Sciences Sector. Natural Resources Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Capps, Stephen R. Capps Collection. USGS Photographic Library. Denver, Colorado (hereafter cited USGS).

________. Capps Collection. UAF.

Moffit, Fred H. Moffit Collection. USGS. Ranta, T. W. Ranta Collection. USGS.

Stanley, Lewis V. Stanley-Mason Collection. Tacoma Public Library. Tacoma, Washington.

________. Stanley Collection. ASL.

Wayland, R. G. Wayland Collection. USGS.

Zacharias, Lorain Roberts. Zacharias Collection. ASL.

UNPUBLISHED STUDIES AND REPORTS

Bleakley, Geoffrey T. "Gold Hill Historic Mining District." Draft National Register Nomination, 1996. Copy in WRST files.

Buzzell, Rolfe. "Big Eldorado Creek Drainage History." Typescript in WRST files.

Craig, Clarence. "Post Office Ledger. Volume II. 1908-1920." Dawson City Museum. Dawson City, Yukon Territory, Canada.

Hovis, Logan. "Historic Mining Sites Typology." Typescript in WRST files.

Mangusso, Mary C. "Anthony J. Dimond: A Political Biography." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Texas Tech University, 1978.

Pilgrim, Earl R. "Placer Mines Visited 1930." Report to the Territorial Department of Mines. U.S. Bureau of Mines Microfilm Records, roll 9, item 21. Alaska Resources Library, Anchorage, Alaska (hereafter cited ARL).

Prescott, Dorothy H. M. "The Alaska Story of Fred Best." Unpublished typescript. Best Collection. ASL.

Roehm, John C. "Investigations: McCarthy, Nizina River, Bremner and Chisana Mining Districts." Report to the Territorial Department of Mines. U.S. Bureau of Mines Microfilm Records, roll 7, item 25. ARL.

_________. "General Conditions Relative to Mining in the Chisana District, August 1936." U.S. Bureau of Mines Microfilm Records, roll 2, item 45. ARL.

________ "Preliminary Report of Peterson's Lode Prospect, Big Eldorado Creek, Chisana Mining District, August 23, 1936." U.S. Bureau of Mines Microfilm Records, roll 2, item 39. ARL.

_________. "Summary Report of Mining Investigations in the Nizina, Bremner, Chisana, Tiekel, Nabesna, and Prince William Sound Districts . . . August 22 to September 1, 1938," Report to the Territorial Department of Mines, U.S. Bureau of Mines Microfilm Records, roll 7, item 35. ARL.

Spude, Robert L. "Historic Chisana Townsite Land Claims." Typescript in WRST files.

Spude, Robert L., and Michael Lappen. "Chisana Historic District." National Register Nomination, 1984. Copy in WRST files.

Stanley, Kirk W. "Nabesna Gold Mine Historic District." National Register Nomination, 1978. Copy in WRST files.

Thomas, Bruce. "Report of Mining Investigations--September 1946." Report to the Territorial Department of Mines. U.S. Bureau of Mines Microfilm Records, roll 10, item 40. ARL.

Walker, George E. "Residents of the Chisana District, March 24-27, 1920." Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920. Microfilm roll 2031, listing 670, 111-13. NA-AR.

Waller, Harold H. Survey map. "Placer Claims in the Shushana Gold Fields Alaska, 1913." Copy in WRST files.

Wimmler, Norman L. "Placer Mining in Alaska in 1926." Report to the Territorial Department of Mines. U.S. Bureau of Mines Microfilm Records, roll 23, item 6. ARL.

_________. "Placer Mining in Alaska in 1929." Report to the Territorial Department of Mines. U.S. Bureau of Mines Microfilm Records, roll 22, item 1. ARL.

NEWSPAPERS

Alaska and Northwest Mining Journal. 1913-1914.

Alaska Daily Dispatch. 1913.

Alaska Prospector (Valdez). 1905.

Alaska Weekly (Seattle). 1955.

Anchorage Daily Times. 1966.

Avalanch (McCarthy). 1916.

Chitina Leader. 1913-1923.

Cordova Daily Alaskan. 1913-1915.

Cordova Daily Times. 1915.

Dawson Daily News. 1905, 1913-1914.

Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. 1914.

Fairbanks Times. 1913-1914.

Juneau Dispatch. 1914.

McCarthy Weekly News. 1918-1925.

Nenana Daily News. 1920.

Nome Daily News. 1915.

Pathfinder (Valdez). 1921.

Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 1913-1914.

Seattle Times. 1913.

Tundra Times. 1966.

Valdez Weekly Miner. 1913-1915.

Valdez News. 1913.

Vancouver Sun. 1913.

Weekly Star (Whitehorse). 1913-1914.