September 11, 2001, morning: Four commercial airliners are hijacked by al Qaeda terrorists in a planned attack against the United States. Two are flown into the World Trade Center's twin towers in New York City. A third is flown into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. A fourth plane, United Flight 93, a Boeing 757 bound from Newark, New Jersey, for San Francisco, California, is delayed 25 minutes before takeoff.

After 46 minutes flying, when over eastern Ohio, hijackers in first class attack at 9:28 am, incapacitating the captain and first officer. Hijackers turn Flight 93 southeast, headed for Washington, DC, most likely the US Capitol.

Just before 10 am the plane is seen flying low and erratically over southwestern Pennsylvania. At 10:03 it crashes, upside-down, at 563 miles per hour into this Somerset County field. There are no survivors. All 33 passengers, seven crew members, and four hijackers are killed.

CREW MEMBERS
CAPTAIN, JASON M. DAHL • FIRST OFFICER, LEROY HOMER
FLIGHT ATTENDANTS: LORRAINE G. BAY • SANDY WAUGH BRADSHAW • WANDA ANITA GREEN • CEECEE ROSS LYLES • DEBORAH JACOBS WELSH

PASSENGERS
CHRISTIAN ADAMS • TODD M. BEAMER • ALAN ANTHONY BEAVEN • MARK BINGHAM • DEORA FRANCES BODLEY • MARION R. BRITTON • THOMAS E.BURNETT, JR. • WILLIAM JOSEPH CASHMAN • GEORGINE ROSE CORRIGAN • PATRICIA CUSHING • JOSEPH DELUCA • PATRICK JOSEPH DRISCOLL • EDWARD PORTER FELT • JANE C. FOLGER • COLLEEN L. FRASER • ANDREW (SONNY) GARCIA • JEREMY LOGAN GLICK • KRISTIN OSTERHOLM WHITEGOULD • LAUREN CATUZZI GRANDCOLAS AND UNBORN CHILD • DONALD FREEMAN GREENE • LINDA GRONLUND • RICHARD J. GUADAGNO • TOSHIYA KUGE • HILDA MARCIN • WALESKA MARTINEZ • NICOLE CAROL MILLER • LOUIS J. NACKE II • DONALD ARTHUR PETERSON • JEAN HOADLEY PETERSON • MARK DAVID ROTHENBERG • CHRISTINE ANN SNYDER • JOHNTALIGNANI • HONOR ELIZABETH WAINIO

America Attacked

What happened on board Flight 93—why it crashed here and why it did not strike its target—revealed itself as a story of heroic action. When the terrorist-hijackers took over the plane, passengers and crew began phoning family, friends, and authorities to report the hijacking. Their calls—13 people placed 37 calls—told them of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks. Their plane, they now realized, was part of a planned attack. Passengers and crew then made a collective decision, by vote, to rush the terrorists and try to retake the plane.

Recovered from the crash site, the cockpit voice recorder captured the shouts, thumps, crashes, and breaking of glass and plates. The 9/11 Commission reported that the hijackers, although remaining in control of the plane, must have judged that the passengers and crew were mere seconds from overcoming them. To continued sounds of the counterattack, Flight 93 crashed into this field.

The crash site is 18 minutes flying time from Washington, DC. The action of unarmed passengers and crew thwarted and defeated the terrorists' plan.

Flight 93 National Memorial is the nation's memorial to the passengers and crew of Flight 93. The Visitor Center Complex, on the hill above the crash site, introduces their story. Memorial Plaza borders the crash site, which consists of the impact site (marked by a boulder) and the debris field. The fields and woods beyond are the final resting place for the passengers and crew; their remains are still present.

A PARTNERSHIP PARK
Congress designated the crash site as a national memorial in 2002. Paul Murdoch Architects and Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects won the international design competition in 2005. The Memorial has been created through a public-private partnership including the Families of Flight 93, Friends of Flight 93, National Park Foundation, and National Park Service. To learn how you can support the memorial, visit www.flight93friends.org.

(click for larger map)

VISITING THE MEMORIAL
The Visitor Center Complex includes exhibits, a viewing window, a bookstore, the Flight Path Walkway, and Overlook. Call or check the park website for programs at The Learning Center. The complex connects with the Memorial Plaza by paved road and walkway.

You can also explore the story of Flight 93 through outdoor exhibits, a cell phone tour, ranger-led programs, and conversations with rangers and park volunteers.

WHILE YOU ARE HERE
Water is only available at the Visitor Center Complex. • Be alert to changing weather. • Stay on walkways and roads. • Pets allowed only in parking areas. • For firearms regulations ask a ranger or check the park website. • We strive to make our facilities, services, and programs accessible to all.

Thank you for helping to honor and respect the story of Flight 93.

Source: NPS Brochure (2015)

Establishment Flight 93 National Memorial — Sept. 24, 2002

For More Information Please Visit The OFFICIAL NPS WEBSITE

The contents of brochures, site bulletins and trading cards (denoted with a colored caption) can be viewed by clicking on the cover. Most modern-day brochures, however, are cover only (denoted by a white caption) due to photograph copyrights. These items are historical in scope and are intended for educational purposes only; they are not meant as an aid for travel planning. The dates under each brochure do not reflect the complete range of years that a particular brochure was issued.

cover only 2004		December 2007		January 2010
cover only 2011-2012		cover only 2012-2014		cover only 2015-2017
2018		cover only 2021
Memorial Plaza Fact Sheet Date Unknown		Design Elements 9/2018		Plant a Tree at Flight 93 Date Unknown
Date Unknown	2011	2012	2013	2014	2016
September 11th National Memorial Trail c2020	Orientation 2013		Know Before You Go 2014

A Socioeconomic Atlas for Flight 93 National Memorial and its Region (Jean E. McKendry, Cynthia A. Brewer and Steven D. Gardner, 2004)

Climate Change Trends and Vulnerabilities at Flight 93 National Memorial, Pennsylvania (Patrick Gonzalez, March 21, 2018)

Enabling Legislation: September 11th National Memorial Trail P.L. 117-48 (October 13, 2021)

Flight 93 National Memorial: An International Design Competition (2004)

Foundation Document, Flight 93 National Memorial, Pennsylvania (June 2018)

Foundation Document Overview, Flight 93 National Memorial, Pennsylvania (June 2018)

General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement, Flight 93 National Memorial (Final, June 2007)

Junior Ranger Journal for Older Children, Flight 93 National Memorial (Date Unknown; for reference purposes only)

Natural Resource Condition Assessment, Flight 93 National Memorial NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/FLNI/NRR-2019/2059 (Mary Ann Furedi, Adam Hnatkovich, Ephraim Zimmerman and Jaclyn Braund, January 2020)

Newsletter (Planning for the Flight 93 National Memorial): No. 2, May 2004 • No. 3, May 2005 • No. 5, July 2006

Flight 93 National Memorial

The following visual bibliography is just a sampling of the handbooks and books which have been published for this park. NPSHistory.com does not endorse these, but are merely presenting them for informational purposes only. As most are copyrighted, we are only able to provide the covers, and not contents, of these publications.

cover only Among the Heroes: United Flight 93 and the Passengers and Crew Who Fought Back Jere Longman 2002	cover only Courage After the Crash: Flight 93 Aftermath — An Oral and Pictorial Chronicle Glenn J. Kashurba 2002	cover only Heroes Were Made: The Story of Flight 93 — The Victims, the Memorial and the Community of Supporters 2011	cover only Flight 93 National Memorial Visitors Guide Jerry Spangler 2015
cover only Flight 93: The Story, the Aftermath, and the Legacy of American Courage on 9/11 Tom McMillan 2015	cover only From Memory to Memorial: Shanksville, America, and Flight 93 J. William Thompson 2017