Geological Survey Bulletin 204 Fossil Flora of the John Day Basin, Oregon

Family JUGLANDACEAE.

JUGLANS RUGOSA Lesq.

JUGLANS RUGOSA Lesq., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XI, p. 22, 1888.

Represented by two fragments that are more or less obscure and doubtful. There is also a single fragment obtained by the expedition of the University of California of 1900.

Locality.—Cherry Creek, Crook County, Oregon. Collected by Maj. Charles E. Bendire (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 2489) and by Merriam's party of 1900 (Mus. Univ. Cal., No. 188).

JUGLANS ? BENDIREI n. sp.

Pl. III, fig. 3.

Ilex? longifolia Heer. Lesquereux, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XI, p. 21, 1888.

Leaflet coriaceous in texture, lanceolate, apparently wedge-shaped at base and acuminate at apex; margin irregularly and rather obscurely toothed; midrib very thick, straight; secondaries numerous, rather close, about 20 pairs, alternate, at an angle of about 45°, somewhat arching upward, camptodrome, arching near the margin and each joining the one next above by a thin branch, with their nervilles on the outside passing to the marginal teeth; nervilles numerous, percurrent, at right angles to the secondaries; finer nervation producing a close areolation.

This particular specimen, as noted above, was referred to Ilex longifolia Heer, a species from the Miocene of Piedmont, but a comparison with the figure given by Heer shows that it is undoubtedly different. The original seems to have been a much shorter leaf, and while the Oregon specimen resembles it in a general way, there are important differences. The teeth are different, the secondaries more numerous, and the finer nervation is of a totally different character.

The question of the proper generic reference of this leaf or leaflet is an open one. It is not greatly unlike things that have been variously referred to Ilex, Quercus, and Juglans, but on the whole seems to have closest relationship with the latter. It will, however, need more and better material to settle the matter definitely.

Locality.—Cherry Creek, Crook County, Oregon. Collected by Maj. Charles E. Bendire (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 8545, On same stone with 2424).

JUGLANS SCHIMPERI ? Lesq.

JUGLANS SCHIMPERI Lesq., Tert. Fl., p. 287, Pl. LVI, figs. 5—10, 1878.

A single example that seems to be identical with this species, yet as the specimen is broken and is the only one, I have preferred to question it.

Locality.—Bridge Creek, Grant County, Oregon. Collected by Merriam's expedition of 1900 (Mus. Univ. Cal., No. 196).

JUGLANS ACUMINATA ? Al. Br.

Pl. III, fig. 5.

JUGLANS ACUMINATA? Al. Br., Neues Jahrb., 1845, p. 170.

The Bendire collection contains a single example that was referred by Lesquereux to this species. It does resemble this, but may not be the same.

Locality.—Bridge Creek, Grant County, Oregon. Collected by Maj. Charles E. Bendire (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 3006).

JUGLANS CRYPTATA n. sp.

Pl. VI, figs. 4, 5.

Leaflets membranaceous, broadly lanceolate, narrowed and unequal-sided at base, apparently acuminate at apex; margin denticulate throughout, the teeth short; rather blunt; midrib very thick; secondaries numerous, 15 or more pairs, thin, alternate, close below, more remote above, mostly camptodrome and sending fine branches from the outside to the teeth; nervilles mainly percurrent and at right angles to the secondaries.

This form is represented by three leaflets, none of which is quite perfect. The largest, which is not figured, was probably about 14 cm. long and is 5 cm. wide at a point evidently some distance above the middle. The one next in size, shown in fig. 4, was 13.5 cm. long and is 3.5 cm. wide. The smallest one, shown in fig. 5, is about 10 cm, long and a little more than 2.5 cm. in width. Neither base nor apex is preserved in any case.

This species appears to find its greatest affinity with Juglans Crossii Knowlton,a from Green River, Wyoming, and other localities. The leaflets, however, are smaller, relatively narrower, less unequal-sided, and are toothed on both sides.

Locality.—Bridge Creek, Oregon. Collected by Merriam's expedition in 1900. Types in Mus. Univ. Cal., Nos. 2502, 2503.

JUGLANS, nut of.

This is clearly a nut of Juglans, but the specimen is not well enough preserved to permit of specific determination. Lesquereux, through whose hands this specimen once passed, was inclined to identify it doubtfully with J. troglodytarum Heer,b but it seems best not to venture giving it a name at present.

Locality.—Bridge Creek, Grant County, Oregon. Collected by Maj. Charles E. Bendire (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 8492).

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a Cat. Cret. and Tert. Pl. N. A., p. 122, 1888.

b Fl. Tert. Helv., Vol. III, p. 92, Pl. CXXVII, fig. 45, 1859.

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JUGLANS CRASSIFOLIA n. sp.

Pl. IV, fig. 3.

Juglans n. sp., Knowlton in Merriam, Univ. Cal., Bull. Dept. Geol., Vol. II, No. 9, p. 303, 1901.

Leaflets thick in texture, lanceolate-acuminate in shape, rather abruptly narrowed at base; margin perfectly entire; midrib thick, rather strong; secondaries 9 to 12 pairs, strong, mainly alternate, at an angle of about 45° much curving upward, camptodrome, passing near the margin and often joining the one next above; finer nervation nearly or quite obsolete.

This species is represented by a large number of leaflets, all more or less broken, preserved in a tangled mass on two or three pieces of matrix. The length is from 9 to 11 cm. and the width about 2.5 cm., with occasionally one somewhat smaller.

The affinity of this species is undoubtedly with certain of the forms of J. Schimperi Lesq.,a of the Green River group, being of the same size and shape as the figures quoted above, but different in having a less number of secondaries and a distinct finer nervation. These species are closely related and a larger series might show them to be identical.

Locality.—Three and one-half miles south of Lone Rock, Gilliam County, Oregon. Collected by Merriam's expedition of 1900 (Mus. Univ. Cal,, Nos. 1326—1331).

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a Tert. Fl., p. 287, Pl. LVI, fig. 6, 1878.

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JUGLANS OREGONIANA Lesq.

JUGLANS OREGONIANA Lesq., Foss. Pl. Aurif. Gravel, p. 35, Pl. IX, fig. 10, 1878.

Rhus Bendirei Lesq., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XI, p. 15, 1888. (The small leaflet described.)

Juglans hesperia Knowlton, Eighteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, Pt. III, p. 723, Pl. XCIX, fig. 8, 1898.

This species was described by Lesquereux in his Flora of the Auriferous Gravels. As to the locality whence the type specimen came he says: "On soft laminated clay with Aralia Whitneyi, evidently of the same age as the Chalk Bluffs of California, without definite locality but Oregon." From these remarks it has been assumed that the specimen actually was from the Auriferous gravels, and that the label on it was wrong. Fortunately this type is preserved in the paleontological collection of the University of California (No. 1798), where I recently had opportunity of seeing it. It was at once seen that it was on the characteristic matrix of the Van Horn's ranch locality, and indeed the obscure labeling on the back of the specimen so indicates.

In both the older and more recent collections from Van Horn's ranch and vicinity I find a number of specimens, which I refer with little hesitation to Juglans oregoniana. Most of them are smaller than the type, being often only 7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, although occasionally there is one that approaches it in size. In shape, marginal teeth, and nervation they are practically identical.

In 1888 Lesquereux a established his Rhus Bendirei on two specimens, one of which is figured and is to be taken as the type of the species. Regarding the other he says: "To these I refer a small oblong-lanceolate leaflet, rounded in narrowing rapidly to the point of attachment, very short petioled, with small teeth and areolation identical." This specimen (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 2582) is identical with certain of the smaller leaflets of Juglans oregoniana, and is referred to it.

In my paper on the plants of the Payette formation of Idaho I ventured to describe,b under the name of Juglans hesperia, a fine, large leaflet. Attention was called at the time to the fact that it was very close to, if not identical with, Juglans oregoniana. Since that time I have again gone over the Payette material and have decided that the differences are not sufficient to warrant keeping them separate.

Locality.—Van Horn's ranch, about 12 miles west of Mount Vernon, Grant County, Oregon. Type in Mus. Univ. Cal, collected by C. D. Voy. Obtained by Maj. Charles E. Bendire (U. S. Nat, Mus., No. 2582), Merriam's expedition of 1900 (Mus. Univ. Cal., No, 891), and by Knowlton and Merriam, July, 1901 (U. S. Nat. Mus., Nos. 9049, 9050, 9054). One mile northeast of Belshaw's ranch. Collected by Knowlton and Merriam, July, 1901 (U. S. Nat. Mus., Nos. 9043—9048). Two miles southeast of Marsh post-office, Boise County, Idaho (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 8290).

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a Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XI, p. 15, Pl. IX, fig. 2.

b Eighteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, Pt. III, p. 721, Pl. XCIX, fig. 8, 1898.

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HICORIA ? OREGONIANA n. sp.

Pl. V, figs. 3, 4.

HICORIA n. sp., Knowlton in Merriam, Univ. Cal., Bull. Dept. Geol., Vol. II, No. 9, p. 289, 1901.

Leaflets subcoriaceous in texture, ovate-lanceolate, obtusely wedge shaped and slightly unequal-sided at base, acuminate at apex; margin finely serrate, the teeth short, sharp; midrib thin, straight; secondaries numerous, about fifteen pairs, alternate and at somewhat irregular distances, thin, arising at various angles (45°±) and considerably arching upward, craspedodrome, ending in the marginal teeth; nervilles numerous, thin, percurrent, about at right angles to the secondaries; finer nervation perfect, forming a fine, irregular network.

This is represented at present by two examples. One is 13 cm, long and 6 cm. wide, and the other is 12 cm. long and 5 cm, wide.

Locality.—Cherry Creek, Crook County, Oregon, collected by Merriam's expedition in 1900 (type in Mus. Univ. Cal., No. 172. Additional specimen, No. 190).

HICORIA sp?

Pl. V, fig. 2.

The single fragment figured is all that was found of this form. Lesquereux would call it Hicoria (Carya) elaenoides (Ung.) Knowlton, but it seems too small a fragment on which to base a specific determination.

Locality.—Bridge Creek, Grant County, Oregon. Collected by Maj. Charles E. Bendire (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 2978).

HICORIA ELÆNOIDES (Unger) Knowlton.

HICORIA ELÆNOIDES (Unger) Knowlton, Cat. Cret. and Tert. PL. N. A., p. 117, 1898 Carya elœnoides (Unger) Heer. Lesquereux, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XI, p. 18, 1888.

A single example that may be this species. It is oblong in shape, 2.25 cm. in long, and 1.5 cm. in short, diameter.

Locality.—Van Horn's ranch, about 12 miles west of Mount Vernon, Grant County, Oregon. Collected by Maj. Charles E. Bendire (U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 2446).