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Grant-Kohrs Ranch
Ranchers to Rangers An Administrative History of Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site |
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APPENDIX III:
LEGISLATION
| 92D CONGRESS 2d Session |
} | SENATE | { | REPORT No. 92-1029 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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AUGUST 9, 1972.—Ordered to be printed Mr. METCALF, from the Committee on Interior and REPORT [To accompany S. 2166] The Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, to which was referred the bill (S. 2166) to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with amendments and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass. PURPOSE The purpose of S. 2166, which is sponsored by Senators Metcalf and Mansfield of Montana, is to preserve an example of a working cattle ranch commemorating the role of the cattleman in American history. BACKGROUND The Grant-Kohrs ranch was built in 1862 by Johnny Grant, one of Montana's first major cattlemen. In 1866 he sold the ranch to Conrad Kohrs who, from the time of his purchase of the ranch until the 1890's when the open range cattle industry came to a close, directed a vast cattle kingdom with thousands of animals extending hundreds of miles in northern and eastern Montana. Conrad Kohrs became a leader in the area, helping to organize the Montana Stockgrowers' Association, and serving in the territorial legislature and as a member of Montana's constitutional convention. The ranch is located in Deer Lodge Valley, which was the scene of military activity in 1877 in connection with the Nez Perce campaign and the Battle of the Big Hole. Guests at the ranch, which is the oldest habitation in Deer Lodge Valley, included W. W. DeLacey and S. T. Hauser, explorers of Yellowstone Park. NEED The Grant-Kohrs ranch is perhaps the finest example of a working ranch. In addition to acquiring the physical assets of the ranch, the National Park Service will acquire the ranch records which provide an unbroken record of over 100 years of range and purebred cattle operation. The buildings on the ranch house many implements used at various periods of the ranch's operation, including a rare Doherty wagon which was used as an ambulance to bring wounded from the Big Hole Battlefield, and which is one of only three known to exist. The Chairman of the Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings and Monuments, in a memorandum to the Secretary of the Interior on October 7, 1970, stated:
COMMITTEE AMENDMENTS In accordance with committee policy, the bill has been amended to limit the general authorization in section 2 for acquisition of lands and interests in land. The report of the Department of the Interior states that the Department proposes to acquire 208 acres of land in fee and to acquire interests in land by a scenic easement in an additional 1,280 acres. The latter figure was corrected during the hearings on the legislation to 1,214 acres. The committee, therefore, amended section 2 to provide for the acquisition of not more than 208 acres within the designated area in fee and to acquire a scenic easement of over not more than 1,214 additional acres within the designated area. The committee further amended section 4 to provide a dollar ceiling on appropriations for acquisition and development. In its report, the Department of Interior proposed to spend $350,000 in land acquisition and $1 million in development. During the hearings, the development costs were broken down as follows:
In accordance with committee policy, section 4 was amended to provide a ceiling of $350,000 for land acquisition and $1 million for development. The Department was in favor of this amendment. COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION The Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs in executive session unanimously recommended enactment of S. 2166, as amended. DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS The favorable reports of the Department of the Interior and the Office of Management and Budget on S. 2166 are set forth in full as follows:
Hon. HENRY M. JACKSON, DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Your committee has requested a report on S. 2166, a bill "To authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes". We recommend the enactment of the bill, if amended as suggested herein. The bill authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to designate not more than 2,000 acres in Deer Lodge Valley, Powell County, Montana, for establishment as the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. Within the area so designated the Secretary is authorized to acquire lands and interests therein, and to establish the area at such time as sufficient lands have been acquired. The area is to be administered by the Secretary in accordance with the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), and the Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666). Deer Lodge in western Montana is the county seat of Powell County, approximately 50 miles from Butte and Helena. The Deer Lodge River, tributary to Clark's Fork of the Columbia, meanders through a beautiful mountain valley. The obvious abundance of water, grass, and timber here readily explains its attraction to pioneer settlers. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch, now the Warren Ranch, is some 7 square miles in extent (not all contiguous); portions of it adjoin the town to north and west. The ranch buildings are less than a mile north of town and accessible by a gravel road west from the highway. The ranch was first constructed by Johnny Grant, the first major stockman in the northern Rockies, in 1863. In 1866 Grant moved to Canada after selling his ranch for $19,200 to Conrad Kohrs, a young butcher and cattle buyer from Virginia City. Once settled at Deer Lodge, Kohrs rapidly expanded his holdings of land and cattle, and by the 1880's became one of the established cattle barons of Montana. He was the first to introduce registered purebred cattle in that State. Over the years this ranch became famous for the production of Belgians and other thoroughbred horses as well as purebred cattle. In 1890 Kohrs enlarged the Old Grant home by the addition of a large brick wing (which became the leg of an architectural "T"), which gave the structure the proportions of a mansion. As the oldest habitation in Deer Lodge, the Kohrs Ranch had many historic associations. Guests here included W. W. DeLacey and S. T. Hauser, explorers of Yellowstone Park. Deer Lodge was the scene of military activity in 1877 in connection with the Nez Perce campaign and the Battle of the Big Hole. The present operator, Mr. Conrad K. Warren, grandson of Kohrs, has conscientiously preserved several early historic structures as well as the later structures which together tell a story of the evolution of ranching operations. In addition, he has preserved much of the historic furniture and furnishings, historic vehicles, objects and written records. At its 63d meeting on October 6, 1970, the Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings, and Monuments recommended the acquisition of the ranch for historic site purposes. The Board found that this ranch is of national historic significance, and termed it a "splendid resource." This Department will acquire 208 acres of land in fee, including the ranch headquarters and outbuildings and a small tract of land for a visitor center. The remaining acreage, approximately 1,280 acres, would be covered by a scenic easement permitting the continuation of agriculture and ranching activities. The owner has agreed to include all of the historic wagons, buggies, sleighs, and other ranching equipment as part of the acquisition. Land acquisition costs are expected to total $350,000, which includes reimbursement of $257,554 to the National Park Foundation. In 1970 the Foundation acquired the ranch buildings for eventual transfer to the National Park Service for administration of the proposed national historic site. The estimated cost of operation and maintenance is expected to be $133,400 annually, by the fifth year after establishment. Development costs are estimated to be $1.8 million, based on July 1971 prices. In order to relate any appropriation limitation on development costs to the actual cost at the time development takes place, we recommend the following amendment to S. 2166: On page 2, line 22, change the period to a comma and add the following:
A man-year and cost data statement is enclosed. The Office of Management and Budget has advised that there is no objection to the presentation of this report from the standpoint of the administration's program. Sincerely yours, NATHANIEL P. REED Hon. Henry M. Jackson Enclosure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 92D CONGRESS 2d Session |
} | HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES | { | REPORT No. 92-1222 |
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JULY 18, 1972.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed Mr. TAYLOR, from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, submitted the following REPORT [To accompany H.R. 9594] The Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 9594) to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with amendments and recommend that the bill as amended do pass. The amendments are as follows: Page 2, lines 6 and 7, strike out "with donated or appropriated funds, or by" and insert "or". Page 2, lines 20 through 22, strike out all of Section 4 and insert in lieu thereof the following:
PURPOSE The purpose of H.R. 9594, by Representative Shoup, is to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana. LOCATION, DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY, BACKGROUND, AND NEED Location.—The lands involved in the proposed Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site are located adjacent to the town of Deer Lodge, Montana, the county seat of Powell County. It is on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains, roughly midway between Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks and about 50 miles from Butte and Helena. Description.—As proposed, the new national historic site would include scattered historic structures and log buildings of doubtless antiquity constructed on a low bench above the Deer Lodge River bottomlands. In the background, the forested foothills and mountains contrast with the beautiful, lush pastures along the meandering river. Cottonwood and aspen trees add splashes of color to the picturesque setting during the fall months, and stacks of hay and grazing cattle will make the setting authentic. The natural scene is sometimes enhanced by the sight of a wandering elk, or an occasional moose. Except for its location in the proximity of Deer Lodge, this area would be the classical setting of a romantic ranch spread of the Old West. Background and Need.—The significance of this area to the National Park System, however, is its potential contribution to public understanding and appreciation of the contributions of such cattle operations to life on the frontier. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch headquarters, with its century-old structures, can tell this story to the visiting public when it is properly restored, furnished, and developed. The principal feature of the historic site will be the main historic house. It is a "T-shaped" building which was constructed in two stages. The first stage—constructed in 1862 by the original owner of the ranch—is a large, hand-hewn, log-framed dwelling with lap siding, 24 windows, and green gables. In its day, it was the finest house in the region. Later, in 1890. a two-story, brick addition was constructed by the second owner of the ranch to form the leg of the "T". Maintenance of the integrity of this structure and of the entire site has been possible because of the continuous family ownership of the property until its purchase by the National Park Foundation in 1970. To add to the authenticity of the place, the last family owner of the property has donated a vast number of artifacts associated with ranching operations since the 1850's. Valued at over $100,000 these irreplaceable items will help visitors visualize the life-style of the late 1800's. The old furnishings—carpets, draperies, victorian furniture, books, paintings, statuary, stoves, kitchenware, linens, etc.—used in the house will remain as they were. Outside, in the other buildings of equal antiquity, a fine collection of wagons, buggies, and sleighs will be displayed along with various tools, saddles, and other ranching equipment. This vast collection of commonly used articles will make the ranch an authentic time capsule of the Western Frontier. In addition to the main house, there is a row of bunkhouses—including what is believed to be the original cabin of Johnny Grant constructed in 1853—and various other outbuildings. The family ranching records and papers, which, taken together, will give a complete century of the history of the cattle ranching business, are to be accessible to aid persons developing programs for the interpretation of the site. The objective of this historic site is to describe livestock ranching as it matured and contributed to the western culture and not to memorialize the individuals directly involved. It is interesting to note, however, that Johnny Grant, the original owner of the ranch, is considered to be the first major stockman in the Northern Rockies. His successor on the property, Conrad Kohrs, expanded the holdings of land and cattle rapidly so that in just two decades he and his partner in the Pioneer Cattle Company were running 30,000 cattle on a huge open range. In addition to being one of Montana's established cattle barons by virtue of the size of his operation, he was the first to introduce registered purebred cattle into the State. His background as a stockman and community leader caused him to be selected as one of three Montanans in the Cowboy Hall of Fame in Oklahoma City. At present, no other place in the National Park System represents this phase of American life. While cattle ranching has a romantic popular appeal, it is difficult to locate a genuine, well-preserved historically important cattle ranch which is typical of the period of the open range. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch, however, offers an excellent opportunity to capture that period in a suitable setting with the original structures and artifacts of one of the West's most famous cattle empires. If approved as recommended, it will be the first unit of the National Park System to be devoted primarily to the role of the cattleman and cowboy in American history. LAND OWNERSHIP As contemplated by the purposed legislation, the historic site would be limited in size to no more than 2,000 acres. Most of the lands involved would continue to be used for limited agricultural and grazing purposes so that only the acquisition of scenic easements would be necessary, but it is anticipated that about 208 acres would be acquired in fee. At the present time, the National Park Foundation—a charitable, nonprofit corporation chartered by the Congress in 1967 to encourage private support for parks, programs and activities of the National Park Service—holds title to the basic ranch headquarters, including 130 acres of land held in fee, and it has acquired scenic easements covering approximately 953 acres. Sufficient interest to attain the objectives of the legislation in the remaining privately held lands would be acquired by purchase, donation, or exchange. COST As recommended by the Committee, the legislation limits the amount authorized to be appropriated for land acquisition to no more than $350,000. Of this amount, $257,544 would be used to acquire the interest of the National Park Foundation in the area (an amount equal to the investment made by the Foundation, exclusive of interest), and the remainder would be used to purchase the remaining lands and easements which are deemed necessary for the purposes of this project. For development, the bill provides for the appropriation of not more than $1,800,000. This money, when appropriated, will be used for the installation of necessary visitor facilities (including parking, roads, trails, and related facilities) and for time restoration and stabilization of the historic structures. Too often in the rush to make material improvements, old structures that depict the life of bygone eras are removed from the scene rather than making the effort to preserve them and utilize them for the edification and enjoyment of the public. With this investment now, future generations will have an opportunity to better understand the nature of ranching operations of the old cattle kingdoms. It is anticipated that the Grant-Kohrs Ranch will be a living memorial to the pioneers of the West, and that a concentrated effort will be made to preserve and recreate the historic ranch scene of the 1880-1900 period. COMMITTEE AMENDMENTS Two amendments to H.R. 9594 are recommended by the Committee. The first merely deletes unnecessary language which has been construed as a direct appropriation. The second contains the usual provision limiting the amounts authorized to be appropriated for land acquisition ($350,000) and for development ($1,800,000). SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS Section 1 authorizes the designation of up to 2,000 acres of land as the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. Section 2 authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to acquire lands or interests in lands for the purposes of the historic site and permits him to establish the site when he determines that sufficient lands have been acquired for this purpose. Section 3 extends the usual administrative authorities applicable to units of the National Park System to this area. Section 4 limits the amounts authorized to be appropriated for land acquisition to no more than $350,000. For development, no more than $1,800,000 is authorized to be appropriated. COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION By a voice vote, the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs recommended the enactment of H.R. 9594, as amended. DEPARTMENTAL REPORT The favorable report of the Department of the Interior, dated April 25, 1972, follows:
Hon. WAYNE N. ASPINALL, DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Your Committee has requested a report on H.R. 9594, a bill "To authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes." We recommend the enactment of the bill, if amended as suggested herein. The bill authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to designate not more than 2,000 acres in Deer Lodge Valley, Powell County, Montana, for establishment as the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. Within the area so designated the Secretary is authorized to acquire lands and interests therein, and to establish the area at such time as sufficient lands have been acquired. The area is to be administered by the Secretary in accordance with the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), and the Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666). Deer Lodge in western Montana is the county seat of Powell County, approximately 50 miles from Butte and Helena. The Deer Lodge River, tributary to Clark's Fork of the Columbia, meanders through a beautiful mountain valley. The obvious abundance of water, grass and timber here readily explains its attraction to pioneer settlers. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch, now the Warren Ranch, is some 7 square miles in extent (not all contiguous); portions of it adjoin the town to the north and west. The ranch buildings are less than a mile north of town and accessible by a gravel road west from the highway. The ranch was first constructed by Johnny Grant, the first major stockman in the Northern Rockies, in 1863. In 1866 Grant moved to Canada after selling his ranch for $19,200 to Conrad Kohrs, a young butcher and cattle buyer from Virginia City. Once settled at Deer Lodge, Kohrs rapidly expanded his holdings of land and cattle, and by the 1880's became one of the established cattle barons of Montana. He was the first to introduce registered purebred cattle in that State. Over the years this ranch became famous for the production of Belgians and other thoroughbred horses as well as purebred cattle. In 1890 Kohrs enlarged the Old Grant home by the addition of a large brick wing (which became the leg of an architectural "T"), which gave the structure the proportions of a mansion. As the oldest habitation in Deer Lodge, the Kohrs Ranch had many historic associations. Guests here included W. W. DeLacey and S. T. Hauser, explorers of Yellowstone Park. Deer Lodge was the scene of military activity in 1877 in connection with the Nez Perce campaign and the Battle of the Big Hole. The present operator, Mr. Conrad K. Warren, grandson of Kohrs, has conscientiously preserved several early historic structures as well as the later structures which together tell a story of the evolution of ranching operations. In addition, he has preserved much of the historic furniture and furnishings, historic vehicles, objects and written records. At its 63d meeting on October 6, 1970, the Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings, and Monuments recommended the acquisition of the ranch for historic site purposes. The Board found that this ranch is of national historic significance, and termed it a "splendid resource." This Department will acquire 208 acres of land in fee, including the ranch headquarters and outbuildings and a small tract of land for a visitor center. The remaining acreage, approximately 1,280 acres, would be covered by a scenic easement permitting the continuation of agriculture and ranching activities. The owner has agreed to include all of the historic wagons, buggies, sleighs, and other ranching equipment as part of the acquisition. Land acquisition costs are expected to total $350,000, which includes reimbursement of $257,554 to the National Park Foundation. In 1970 the Foundation acquired the ranch buildings for eventual transfer to the National Park Service for administration of the proposed national historic site. The estimated cost of operation and maintenance is expected to be $133,400 annually, by the fifth year after establishment. Development costs are estimated to be $1.8 million, based on July 1971 prices. In order to relate any appropriation limitation on development costs to the actual cost at the time development takes place, we recommend the following amendment to H.R. 9594: On page 2, line 22, change the period to a comma and add the following: "not to exceed, however, $1,800,000 (July 1971 prices) for development, plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctuations in construction costs as indicated by engineering cost indices applicable to the type of construction involved herein." A man-year and cost data statement is enclosed. The Office of Management and Budget has advised that there is no objection to the presentation of this report from the standpoint of the Administration's program. Sincerely yours, NATHANIEL P. REED , Enclosure. | ||||
| NATIONAL PARK SERVICE—GRANT KOHRS NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE, MONT. (PROPOSED) | |||||
| 19CY | 19CY+1 | 19CY+2 | 19CY+3 | 19CY+4 | |
| Estimated expenditures: | |||||
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Personnel services All other |
$82,192 25,908 | $81,604 26,796 |
$80,406 29,494 | $90,295 34,705 |
$97,115 36,285 |
| Total | 108,100 | 108,400 | 109,900 | 125,000 | 133,400 |
| Estimated obligations: | |||||
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Land and property acquisition Developments Operations (maintenance protection and management) |
350,000 74,000 108,100 |
------ 684,000 108,400 |
------ 320,000 109,900 |
------ 280,000 125,000 |
------ 292,000 133,400 |
| Total | 532,100 | 792,400 | 429,900 | 405,000 | 425,400 |
| Estimated man-years: | |||||
| Total, executive direction, substantive and seasonal | 7.2 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 11.5 |
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Excerpts from
United States of America Congressional Record Proceedings and Debates of the 92d Congress Second Session House of Representatives Volume 118—Part 21 GRANT-KOHRS RANCH NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE, MONT. Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the immediate consideration of the bill (H.R. 9594) to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes. The Clerk read the title of the bill. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Colorado? There was no objection. The Clerk read the bill as follows: H.R. 9594 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That, in order to provide an understanding of the frontier cattle era of the Nation's history, to preserve the Grant-Kohrs Ranch, and to interpret the nationally significant values thereof for the benefit and inspiration of present and future generations, the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is hereby authorized to designate not more than two thousand acres in Deer Lodge Valley, Powell county, Montana, for establishment as the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. SEC. 2. Within the area designated pursuant to section 1 of this Act, the Secretary is authorized to acquire lands and interests in lands, together with buildings and improvements thereon, by donation, purchase with donated or appropriated funds, or by exchange. The Secretary shall establish the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site by publication of a notice to that effect in the Federal Register at such time as he deems sufficient lands and interests in lands have been acquired for administration in accordance with the purposes of this Act. SEC. 3. Pending such establishment and thereafter, the Secretary shall administer lands and interests in lands acquired for the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in accordance with the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535; 16 U.S.C. 1, 2-4), as amended and supplemented, and the Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666; 16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.), as amended, SEC. 4. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act. With the following committee amendments; Page 2. lines 6 and 7, strike out "with donated or appropriated funds, or by" and insert "or", Page 2. lines 20 through 22. strike out all of Section 4 and insert in lieu thereof the following: "SEC. 4. There are authorized to be appropriated $350,000 for land acquisition and not to exceed $1,800,010 (July, 1971 prices for development plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctuation in construction costs as indicated by engineering cost indices applicable to the type of construction involved herein." The committee amendments were agreed to. Mr. ASPINALL, Mr. Speaker, the purpose of the legislation which is now before the House (H.R. 9594) is to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana. BACKGROUND The size of the historic site proposed by our colleague from Montana (Mr, SHOUP) is limited by the terms of the bill and dated 1971, a copy of which shall to no more than 2,000 acres. It is contemplated that a substantial portion of this area will be subjected to scenic easements and that cattle grazing will be continued as part of the historic setting. While this area will symbolize a 19th century ranch spread, it Is only a small portion of what was once one of the huge cattle empires of the northern Rocky Mountain region. The site would include several historic structures which made up the ranch headquarters and the personal property used in the day-to-day operation of the ranch will be used to give the place an authentic atmosphere. The estimated value of the old furnishings, ranching equipment, and the collection of wagons, buggies, and sleighs which were donated by the heirs of Conrad Kohrs is $100,000. The basic property, including the ranch headquarters, was acquired by the National Park Foundation—a nonprofit, federally chartered corporation—and it is being held for the purpose of conveying it to the National Park Service if the historic site is authorized. Mr. Speaker, I want to emphasize that this historic site is not being created to memorialize any particular individual. The significance of this site is that it symbolizes an important element in the heritage and growth of the West—it is, in effect, the "Home on the Range" that we think about when we reminisce about the Old West. Naturally, it is difficult to separate the ranch from its operators and I expect that a great deal will be told concerning Conrad Kohrs, who was a distinguished Montana citizen, and his family when the historic site is established. COMMITTEE AMENDMENTS The committee amendments to H.R. 9594 merely make it clear that any funding of this project is subject to the usual appropriation process and that the funds authorized to be appropriated are limited to the amounts specified. COST The most important lands are already owned by the National Park Foundation and it holds scenic easements covering some of the other property. It is contemplated that some additional lands within the 2,000 acre maximum will be needed but the $350,000 authorized by the legislation includes the reimbursement of the Foundation for the cost of its holdings and any additional lands which may be acquired. Restoration and stabilization of the historic structures, as well as the construction of appropriate visitor facilities, will require the investment of an additional $1,800,000. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Mr. Speaker, this historic site represents a significant contribution to the story of the growth and development of the West and I am pleased that we have this opportunity to consider this legislation. The Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs considered this matter carefully and recommended it without opposition. I commend H.R. 9594, as amended, to my colleagues and urge its approval. Mr. SHOUP. Mr. Speaker, evidence of the desire and need of Americans to relate to the past is widespread. Replicas and reproductions of pilgrim villages, forts, and frontier ghost towns both public and private give evidence of our desires to recognize, retain, and restore historical events and sites. History is new in our part of the country when compared with Georgetown or Williamsburg, and because it is new, because our history is still fresh in our minds makes it imperative that we act now to insure that our children and our children's children will understand and appreciate their heritage. To the layman and historian alike, one of the outstanding aspects of the western scene pivots on the cattle industry, the Grant-Kohrs Ranch is such a historic and cultural legacy. This ranch was created in 1863 by Johnny Grant, the first major stockman in the northern Rockies. He subsequently sold the ranch to Conrad Kohrs who rapidly expanded his holdings of land and cattle and by the 1880's became one of the established cattle barons of the Northwest. He was the first to introduce registered purebred cattle in Montana and over the years this ranch has become famous for the production of Belgians and other thoroughbred horses as well as purebred cattle. Conrad Kohrs became a leader in Montana, serving in the Territorial Legislature, helping to organize the Montana Stockgrowers Association, and serving as a member of Montana's Constitutional Convention. The ranch we speak of today is living history. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch has been in the same family since 1866. The present day rancher is Conrad K. Warren, grandson of Conrad Kohrs. Mr. Warren converted the operation in the 1930's to a purebred Hereford operation and has been engaged lately mostly in raising feeder cattle. This is a successful cattle operation of over 109 years, duration. As I said this is living history. Mr. Speaker, this bill authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to designate not more than 2,000 acres for the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. Specifically the Department will acquire 208 acres of land in fee, including the ranch headquarters and outbuildings and a small tract of land for a visitor center. The remaining acreage, approximately 1,280 acres, would be covered by a scenic easement permitting the continuation of ranching activities. In addition to the ranch headquarters, the ranch records are intact, giving an unbroken record of the entire operation. Also included are all of the historic wagons, buggies, sleighs, and other ranching equipment. Land acquisition costs are expected to total $350,000. Development costs are estimated to be $1.8 million. Estimated cost of operation and maintenance is expected to be $133,400 annually by the fifth year after establishment. Mr. Speaker, let us not let this chance to preserve history slip through our fingers. I urge passage of this legislation, H.R. 9594. Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, the bill which is presently before the House provides for the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana. BACKGROUND Just about a year ago, several members of the Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation visited this site. At that time, we had an opportunity to go through the home and to see the setting of the proposed historic site. What impressed us most about the area was that it offers an opportunity to present to the American people a symbol of a passing way of life. If H.R. 9594, by our colleague from Montana (Mr. SHOUP) is adopted, it will preserve a part of the heritage of the pioneer West. At one time, the Grant-Kohrs Ranch headquarters was the hub of a vast unfenced cattle empire which was running some 30,000 head of cattle. No other place in the national park system represents this aspect of America life, but it has definitely played a role in our culture. As presently contemplated, the new historic site would include the main ranch headquarters buildings, including the original homestead cabin of Johnny Grant which was constructed in 1853 and the main house which was constructed in stages between 1862 and 1890. Adding to the authenticity of the site, the heirs of Conrad Kohrs have donated a vast number of historic objects associated with ranching operations since the 1850's, including a fine collection of wagons, buggies and sleighs which were used in connection with the ranch. All of the old furnishings in the house will remain in place so that the visiting public can get a realistic impression of life during the times of the cattle barons. COST Mr. Speaker, this national historic site would be limited to no more than 2,000 acres. Most of this land would continue to be used to graze cattle and would add to the ranch setting of the historic site, however, the ranch buildings would be acquired in fee open to public visitation. Presently, the National Park Foundation, a nonprofit, federally chartered organization, holds fee title to approximately 130 acres of land—including the ranch headquarters and related buildings—and it holds assessments covering an additional 953 acres. These lands, and, interests in lands, would be transferred to the Government at cost. Altogether, it is estimated that the lands needed for the project can be acquired for no more than $350,000. An additional amount will be required in order to install necessary visitor-use facilities and to restore and stabilize some of the historic structures. It is anticipated that these development costs will not exceed $1,800,000. As usual, the committee has recommended that the appropriations be limited to the amounts estimated to be necessary. CONCLUSION As one who visited the proposed national historic site and participated in the deliberations on the legislation during the various stages of committee consideration, I can assure my colleagues that this proposal merits their favorable consideration, and I am pleased to recommend the enactment of H.R. 9594, as amended, Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker. I rise in support of H.R. 9594, the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana. The establishment of this ranch as a national historic site will preserve and interpret another segment in the historic and cultural development of our national heritage. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch in Deer Lodge Valley, Mont., portrays in its natural setting the frontier life and spirit of the Old West and its principal industry, livestock ranching. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch is the surviving center of a once wide-ranging cattle empire. Johnny Grant, a trapper, hunter and trader, settled in Deer Lodge Valley in 1859. In 1866 he sold the ranch to Conrad Kohrs, a cattle buyer and butcher. From the time of the purchase of the ranch until the 1890's, when the open range cattle industry drew to a close, Conrad Kohrs and his associates directed a vast cattle and livestock empire extending for miles in northern and eastern Montana. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch has been in the same family since purchased from Johnny Grant in 1866, and the present rancher is the grandson of Conrad Kohrs. In addition to the ranch headquarters, the ranch comprises several old and historic structures, including wagons, buggies, other vehicles and ranching paraphernalia. The ranch records are intact, giving an unbroken historical record of the range and purebred cattle operations for over 100 years. The purpose of this bill is to establish the Grant-Kohrs National Historic Site and restore the structures and area to a condition to accept visitors into an operating cattle ranch scene. The bill provides for the site to comprise not more than 2,000 acres and authorizes the appropriation of $350,000 for land acquisition and $1.8 million for development of the site. There is no unit of the National Park System, at the present time, that represents this historical and cultural phase of our history. For this reason, I think it most fitting and appropriate that we take this opportunity to preserve and establish the Grant-Kohrs National Historic Site. I urge my colleagues to support the passage of this bill. Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of H.R. 9594, to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs National Historic Site in the State of Montana. The bill authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to designate not more than 2,000 acres of land in Deer Lodge Valley, Powell County, Mont., for this historic site. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch was first constructed in this valley in 1863, by John Grant. In 1866, Grant conveyed the ranch to Conrad Kohrs. Mr. Kohrs expanded both the ranch and cattle operations to become one of the famous cattle barons of Montana and the early west. Through the years these historic ranch structures have been conscientiously preserved to include historic furniture and furnishings, vehicles, and wagons, and written records. The purpose of this bill is to preserve this area and its historic structures and objects to illustrate and create a public understanding and appreciation of livestock ranching and the frontier life. At the present time, there is no such unit of the National Park System which represents this phase of American life. The Grant-Kohrs Ranch is a genuine, well-preserved, historic cattle ranch, and presents an excellent opportunity to place in the National Park System a unit which uniquely portrays one of the most famous cattle empires of the Old West. The bill as recommended by the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs provides that most of the 2,000 acres proposed for this historic site will remain in limited agriculture and grazing uses. Some 208 acres will be acquired in fee which will include the ranch headquarters, other structures and a small tract for a visitor center. The bill limits the amount of money authorized for land acquisition to $350,000 and provides for not more than $1,800,000 for development of the visitor center, parking, roads, trails, and related facilities and the restoration of some of the structures. The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs be discharged from further consideration of a similar Senate bill (S. 2166) to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes, and ask for immediate consideration of the Senate bill. The Clerk read the title of the Senate bill. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Colorado? There was no objection. The Clerk read the Senate bill as follows: S. 2166 An act to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana and for other purposes Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That, in order to provide an understanding of the frontier cattle era of the Nation's history, to preserve the Grant-Kohrs Ranch, and to interpret the nationally significant values thereof for the benefit and inspiration of present and future generations, the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is hereby authorized to designate not more than two thousand acres in Dear Lodge Valley. Powell County, Montana, for establishment as the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. SEC. 2. Within the area designated pursuant to section 1 of this Act, the Secretary is authorized to acquire not to exceed 208 acres in fee and other interests in lands not to exceed 1,214 acres, together with buildings and improvements thereon, by donation, or exchange. The Secretary shall establish the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site by publication of a notice to that effect In the Federal Register at such time as he deems sufficient lands and interests in lands have been acquired for administration in accordance with the purposes of this Act. SEC. 3. Pending such establishment and thereafter, the Secretary shall administer lands and interests in lands acquired for the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in accordance with the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535; 16 U.S.C. 1, 2-4), as amended and supplemented, and the Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat, 666; 16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.), as amended. SEC. 4. There are authorized to be appropriated $350,000 for land acquisition and not to exceed $1,800,000 (July 1971 prices) for development plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctuation in construction costs as indicated by engineering cost indices applicable to the type of construction Involved herein. AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. ASPINALL Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I offer an amendment. The Clerk read as follows: Amendment offered by Mr ASPINALL: Strike out all after the enacting clause of S. 2166 and insert in lieu thereof the provisions of H.R. 9594, as passed, as follows: That, in order to provide an understanding of the frontier cattle era of the Nation's history, to preserve the Grant-Kohrs Ranch, and to interpret the nationally significant values thereof for the benefit and Inspiration of present and future generations, the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is hereby authorized to designate not more than two thousand acres in Deer Lodge valley. Powell County, Montana, for establishment as the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. SEC. 2. Within the area designated pursuant to Section 1 of this Act, the Secretary is authorized to acquire lands and interests in lands, together with buildings and improvements thereon, by donation, purchase, or exchange. The Secretary shall establish the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site by publication of a notice to that effect In the Federal Register at such time as he deems sufficient lands and interests in lands have been acquired for administration in accordance with the purposes of this Act. SEC. 3, Pending such establishment and thereafter, the Secretary shall administer lands and interests in lands acquired for the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic site in accordance with the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat, 535; 16 U.S.C. 1, 2-4), as amended and supplemented, and the Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat, 666; 16 U.S.C. 461 at seq.), as amended. SEC. 4, There are authorized to be appropriated $350,000 for land acquisition and not to exceed $1,800,000 (July 1971 prices) for development plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctuation in construction costs as indicated by engineering cost indices applicable to the type of construction involved. The amendment was agreed to. The Senate bill was ordered to be read a third time, was read the third time, and passed, and a motion to reconsider was laid on the table. A similar House bill (H.R. 9594) was laid on the table. GENERAL LEAVE Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that any Member desiring to do so may insert his remarks in explanation of the bill preceding the passage of the House bill. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Colorado? There was no objection. |
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Excerpts from
United States of America Congressional Record Proceedings and Debates of the 92d Congress Second Session Senate Volume 118—Part 22 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GRANT-KOHRS RANCH NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE, MONT. Mr. BIBLE. Mr. President, I ask the Chair to lay before the Senate a message from the House of Representatives on S. 2166. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BEALL) laid before the Senate the amendment of the House of Representatives to the bill (S. 2166) to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes", which was to strike out all after the enacting clause, and insert: That, in order to provide an understanding of the frontier cattle era of the Nation's history, to preserve the Grant-Kohrs Ranch. and to interpret the nationally significant values thereof for the benefit and inspiration of present and future generations, the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to the as "Secretary") is hereby authorized to designate not more than two thousand acres in Deer Lodge Valley, Powell County, Montana, for establishment as the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. SEC. 2, Within the area designated pursuant to section 1 of this Act, the Secretary is authorized to acquire lands and interests in lands, together with buildings and improvements thereon, by donation, purchase or exchange. The Secretary shall establish the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site by publication of a notice to that effect in the Federal Register at such time as he deems sufficient lands and interests in lands have been acquired for administration in accordance with the purposes of this Act. SEC. 3. Pending such establishment and thereafter, the Secretary shall administer lands and interests in lands acquired for the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in accordance with the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat, 535; 16 U.S.C. 1, 2-4), as amended and supplemented, and the Act of August 21. 1935 (49 Stat. 666; 16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.), as amended. SEC. 4. There are authorized to be appropriated $350,000 for land acquisition and not to exceed $1,800,000 (July 1971 prices) for development plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctuation in construction costs as indicated by engineering cost indices applicable to the type of construction involved herein. Mr. BIBLE. Mr. President, the amendments of the House to S. 2166. to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, are technical in nature and do not change in any way the substance of the bill as passed by the Senate. Therefore, Mr. President, I move that the Senate concur in the amendments of the House of Representatives to S. 2166. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the motion of the Senator from Nevada. The motion was agreed to. |
| 86 STAT. 632 | PUBLIC LAW 92-406 |
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August 25, 1972 [S. 2166] |
AN ACT To authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes. |
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Grant-Kohrs Establishment. |
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That, in order to provide an understanding of the frontier cattle era of the Nation's history, to preserve the Grant-Kohrs Ranch, and to interpret the nationally significant values thereof for the benefit and inspiration of present and future generations, the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is hereby authorized to designate not more than two thousand acres in Deer Lodge Valley, Powell County, Montana, for establishment as the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. |
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Land and
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SEC. 2. Within the area designated pursuant to section 1 of this Act, the Secretary is authorized to acquire lands and interests in lands, together with buildings and improvements thereon, by donation, purchase or exchange. The Secretary shall establish the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site by publication of a notice to that effect in the Federal Register at such time as he deems sufficient lands and interests in lands have been acquired for administration in accordance with the purposes of this Act. |
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Administration. |
SEC. 3. Pending such establishment and thereafter, the Secretary shall administer lands and interests in lands acquired for the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in accordance with the Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535; 16 U.S.C. 1, 2-4), as amended and supplemented, and the Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666: 16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.), as amended. |
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Appropriation. |
SEC. 4. There are authorized to be appropriated $350,000 for land acquisition and not to exceed $1,800,000 (July 1971 prices) for development plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctuation in construction costs as indicated by engineering cost indices applicable to the type of construction involved herein. Approved August 25, 1972. |
| excerpts from PUBLIC LAW 95-625 | 92 STAT. 3471 |
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(11) Grant Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Montana: Section 4 of the Act of August 25, 1972 (86 Stat. 632), is amended to read as follows: "SEC. 4. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act, but not to exceed $752,000 for land acquisition and not to exceed $2,075,000 for development." ; the additional sums herein authorized for land acquisition may be used to acquire the fee simple title to lands over which the United States has acquired easements or other less than fee interests. |
November 10, 1978 |
| excerpts from PUBLIC LAW 96-607 | 94 STAT. 3545 |
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TITLE XI GRANT-KOHRS RANCH NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE SEC. 1101. The Act entitled "An Act to authorize the establishment of the Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in the State of Montana, and for other purposes", approved August 25, 1972 (86 Stat. 632) is amended—
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December 28, 1980 |
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