COLONIAL

A Study of Virginia Indians and Jamestone: The First Century

CHAPTER 10:
Decoding the Documents: "Indians" in Selected Seventeenth Century Documents & Secondary Sources

Danielle Moretti-Langholtz

By the mid-seventeenth century thousands of English men and women crossed the ocean to seek their fortune in North America. Out of this effort came the foundation of the United States and with it the destruction of the lifeways and traditional cultures of the Native peoples of the eastern woodlands. Mancall (1995:v) suggests the success and dominance of the English culture and the loss and decline of Indian culture was not a inevitable outcome of the colonial encounter. An examination of the entries that follow permit us to see more closely the unfolding of the story from the perspective of the Indian populations. Native control of the landscape continued for a time as the Powhatan tribes attempted to exert their control over the invading Europeans, first through trade and later through conflict. The early records show us that there was no single response by Native peoples. Some fought, some negotiated and traded, some fought and then quickly negotiated and traded. Native responses were fluid and varied as Native leaders tried their best to maintain the integrity of their communities during the early years of the colonial encounter.

The lens through which the story of the initial years of the colonial encounter is filtered through the writings of the English thus our understanding of Native responses to the settlement at Jamestown and the impact of that settlement on Virginia's indigenous tribes is too often one dimensional. These earliest accounts may be found on-line as the "Personal Narratives from the Virtual Jamestown Project, 1575-1705" <http://extext.lib.virginia.edu> sponsored by the University of Virginia Library's Electronic Text Center. The comprehensive nature of the Virtual Jamestown Project provides the opportunity to review these often cited works for information on early contacts with Virginia Indians. Richter (2001:9) suggests that we not so much seek to "uncover new information" but rather learn to read old documents in a fresh manner and to "reorient our perspectives on the continent's past." The history of Virginia Indians is not contained solely within the initial contact period documents. Native people continued to be part of the story of Virginia although after the Indian uprisings of 1622 and 1644 the Native narrative is harder to follow in the primary documents.

What follows is a chart containing an extensive compilation of primary source data pertaining in some manner to Indians from James City, Charles City, Isle of Wight, and York Counties. The chart was compiled not as an academic exercise but to begin the process of reading old documents with fresh eyes. While the entries are mere fragments of information we are able to glimpse the shadows of individual Native lives during a period of enormous socio-political change in the Native world. Some Indian names in the records are known to us previously, such as "Opochancano" while others such as "Jamey" and "John the Indian" are less familiar. These records speak of trade and commerce, slavery and captivity ( both Indian and non-Indian), peace and conflict, and reveal the words of known personages, such as the Queen of Pamunkey, who petitions for aid on behalf of her tribe after Bacon's Rebellion. In the space of a few generations Native people move from a position of prominence to petitioning the English for land patents on a continent that was once theirs alone. Documents indicate some Native people seek to live among the English, such as Robin of Pamunkey, while other Natives deemed dangerous are rounded up and sold to plantation owners in the Carribean. Indian access to colonial settlements becomes restricted and the colonists institute a system of metal identity badges for purposes of limiting the entry of Indian into the Jamestown environs.

U.S. government policy was formulated and built upon the English experience with Native peoples (Prucha 1984). It is therefore necessary for us to examine more closely the interactions of the two cultures during the seventeenth century to see the roots of this policy formation. The entries in the chart show us that Native people sought redress for wrongs committed against them through the colonial legal system. The Colony of Virginia attempts to avoid conflicts with tribes and to protect the land base of the extant tribes in the second half of the seventeenth century by setting up definable boundaries around Native lands but the colonial government has difficulty keeping settlers away from Native lands. Colonial officials seek to regulate trade with the Indians and attempts to force subdued tribes to serve as buffers against more aggressive Indian nations thus fostering inter-tribal hostilities under the guise of securing peace for the colonists. During the first century of the colonial encounter a policy of "guilt by association" toward Native people emerges. If a colonist maintains he has been wronged by a Native person retaliation against any Native person of the tribe of the perpetrator is sanctioned and legal.

Fear of Native peoples ebbs and flows throughout these records. The colonists attempt to control Native access to English weaponry, while they build fortifications around settlements and respond to their fears with a growing militarism. Permission is required to "entertain" Native people. Yet by 1699 colonist George Ivie at James City asks for the repeal of the Act of Assembly against the English marrying Indians thus pointing to issues surrounding early attitudes regarding race and ethnicity.

A careful reading of these entries suggests that the indigenous languages were extant throughout the seventeenth century thus the need for the paid interpreters appearing in the records. Moreover, we may assume that the political integrity of the tribes, while weakened by conflicts with the English, is nevertheless intact. Evidence for this appears in the terms of address for individual leaders (as Kings and Queens) when these individuals are brought before colonial officials to answer complaints against their tribes or when they appear as petitioners. Additional evidence for tribal integrity is seen in the Charles City documents when the "Drammacho Mongy a chief ruler" of the Chickahominy is mentioned in 1699. Other tribes are mentioned by name (although with various spellings) Mattaponi, Rappahannock, Nansemonds, Tappahannes, Wayonoke, Potomeck, Nanzaatico, Appamauck, Nottoway, Accomack, Pasbehays, Tuscororas, etc. The system of tribute, formerly an internal tribal flow of goods, is redirected to the colonial political hierarchy thereby suggesting that tribes are functioning political units. Even the Paramount Chiefdom maintains some integrity through the Queen of Pamunkey. Throughout the century the amount of tribute being paid by tribes (primarily the Pamukey) is reduced. This reduction is likely due to the diminished economic circumstances of the tribes; but the colonial government would hardly require tribute payments from non-existent tribes. In fact the Pamunkey and Mattaponi Tribes present tribute to the Governor of Virginia annually to this day.

These entries suggest the settlers' preference for obtaining the rights to "Indian fields" (lands previously cleared for planting by Natives) continues throughout the seventeenth century. Conflicts over the killing of hogs by Indians and the restitution given to colonists suggests the process of subsuming Native subsistence and hunting practices under a colonial system founded upon private property. Variances in the colonial laws regarding trade frequently reflect the degree of tension and hostilities between the two cultures, whereas changes in the primary currency of the colony were linked closely with trade and the availability of food. Trade, currency, Anglo-Indian relations, economics, as well as other aspects, such as environmental and cultural differences, are all intertwined during the period presented in the records.

Trade restrictions within the colonial records reflect the degree of peace or hostilities between the colonists and Native people. Although the colonists were generally opposed to trading any type of weaponry or accessories to Indians trade between the English and the indigenous population was generally free and open in the first decade of the seventeenth century. The records from James City County on 4 August 1619 support this view. The uprising led by Chief Powhatan's successor, Opechancanough, in 1622, altered the trading relationship between the colonists and the Indians for years. Although tobacco, crops, and the food supplies of the colonists were devastated as a result of the attack the Assembly at Jamestown quickly prohibited the trading for corn with the Indians. The colonists vowed there would be no peace with the Indians after the 1622 uprising. In 1633 only the Governor was permitted to issue licenses to trade cloth with the Indians. Despite the signing of a Treaty of Peace in October of 1646 colonial statutes in 1660 indicate special licenses were required for the Indian trade. During Bacon's Rebellion only Indians fighting along with the English were allowed to possess guns and ammunition. However, with the signing of the Treaty of 1677 total prohibition of trade between Indians and colonists was deemed to be harmful by the Assembly. Free trade with all friendly Indians resumed, including trade for arms and ammunition (James City County, Acts of Assembly, February and October 1677). However, as late as 1700 Indians were not allowed to carry guns except while fishing or foraging for oysters; both activities requiring a permit.

The colonial records reveal the adoption and use of Native crops, skins and shell beads as currency in the nascent colony. Tobacco becomes a primary currency among the colonists in the years following John Rolfe's success at growing a West Indian variety of the plant. The English pay their taxes and many of their fines with tobacco during most of the seventeenth century. Corn and animal skins are also used as currency in numerous instances. Initially, there is scant mention of the use of English currency in Virginia. Indigenous currency, such as shell beads: peake and roanoke, are more prevalent than English coinage. The value of tobacco, corn and shell money fluctuates during the seventeenth century. In times of food scarcity corn is more valuable than shell money. By 1650, an entry in Surry County shows that peake is deemed more valuable than corn. Although, there is a gradual increase in the use English currency tobacco remains a dominant source of monetary exchange through out the first century of the colonial encounter.

Indian slavery and servitude is probably the single most understudied aspect of Anglo-Indian relations following the establishment of James Fort in 1607. The story of the African-based Atlantic slave trade has held center stage in recent decades. The importation of Africans into the colony of Virginia had an enormous and lasting impact on the lives of millions and is not to be minimized. However, discussions of Indian slavery are typically limited to the history of the involvement of the Spanish and are superficial at best. English participation in the slave trade is generally limited to the so-called "arrival" of enslaved persons from Africa to the colony of Virginia in 1619. Typically the English colonists are portrayed as passive in the face of slavery rather than as active participants in the buying and selling of human beings. Rarely are the English implicated in the Indian slave trade. Colonial records tell a different story. Virginia Indians are kept as slaves, servants, sold and traded by English colonists. We see also that North American tribes participated in the slave trade to some degree as owners of slaves and enslavers as well. A careful search of the early records may shed light on the Indian slave trade in Virginia and create a more balanced presentation of English involvement in this practice. The documents also indicate that colonial policy encouraged a "civilizing" process predicated on the raising of Indian children in the households of the settlers with an eye toward conversion of the Indians to Christianity. However, conversion to Christianity was not the primary feature of English colonialization, nor was the goal the assimilation of Indians into English society. The primary goal of the English was to take and control Indian land (Prucha 1984). In this effort the English were completely successful, and this is abundantly clear in documents from the period.

Virginia Indians, once in control of their own destinies, are by the close of the seventeenth century no longer self-sufficient but exist in a condition of dependency. Once rulers of their own societies they are subject to the laws and rules established by the newcomers. However, the story of Virginia Indians does not end in 1700. The descendant communities of Virginia's indigenous tribes live among us still. The story of the Indians and the English during the seventeenth century creates the foundation for the formulation and implementation of U.S. Indian policy up to the current day. The time has come to present a more complete, accurate and Native-centered history of the first century of relations between Virginia Indians and the colonists at Jamestown.

Key:

£ = British pound
bb. or bbls. = barrells
bu. = bushels
ch. =chains
d = pence

Folder = item in numbered folder
Folio(s =old term for a page, pages or a pair of pages
lb. or lbs. = Pounds, either in tobacco or money
p = poles

PB = Patent Book
r = rods
s = shillings
S = Source

*Note: The sources for this chart are found in various types of Colonial papers such as; land patents, deeds, wills, court records, inventories, tithables, petitions, grievances, private correspondence, and treaties. The sections of the Acts of Assembly pertaining to Indian-non-Indian relations are included in the time-line in Chapter 10. Records are grouped by type, country and date. The counties are arranged alphabetically and in some instances records are summarized by categories of potential interest such as: Indian goods, tobacco, corn, Roanoke and peake, beaver and animal skins. References pertaining to Bacon's Rebellion, news events of the day and treaties are included by county. A list of primary and secondary references is included at the end of the chart. The "C.O." in the Public Record Office microfilms stands for "Colonial Office."

Note on date entries: Gregorian and Julian Calendars: changed from March to Jan. as the starting point of the new year, which is why some records appear to be out of sequence or appear as 1662/3. Abreviations 7br.=Sept., 8br.=Oct., 9br.=Nov. and Xbr.=Dec.

Abstracts: Acts of Assembly

James City County: See "Native Chronology" for entries.

Abstracts: Colonial Papers (Library of Virginia)

Charles City County: Colonial Papers (Library of Virginia)

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment	Servants	Slaves	Details
Folder 6, 1689, #24	Petition to Francis Howard, Lord Effingham by Chickahominy Indians, et al.	Petition	1689				The Chickahominy Indians and various other tribes asked Lord Effingham for protection against other Indian tribes.

James City County: Colonial Papers (Library of Virginia)

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment	Servants	Slaves	Details
Folder 3, 1681-1683, #17	Cornelius Dabney	Petition	16 9br. 1682	Payment			Cornelius Dabney petitioned the Council regarding payment for his services as an interpreter for the Queen of Pamunkey. Stated that the Assemblies at Middle Plantation had promised to pay him 2,800 lbs. of tobo. w/o caske while the other Assembly at James City also had promised to pay him 1,680 lbs. tobo. w/ caske and 10,000 lbs. tobo. w/o caske. Again supposed to be paid 4,000 lbs. tobo. as allowance per annum... 10,960 lbs. of tobo. is now due to him.
Folder 3, 1681-1683, #15	Moses Davis	Petition	7 Dec.1682	Compensation			Provided meat to Mattaponi Garrison; wants payment from House of Burgesses.
Folder 9, 1691, 1692, #28	Interpreter	Document	April 1692	Notification			To notify Indians of possible alarm.
P.R.O. C.O. 5/1312, Pt. 1, folios 318-319	Betty [Ann], Queen of Pamunkey, et al.	Petition	22 May 1701	Land			Betty [Ann], Queen of Pamunkey and her men requested of Gov. Nicholson that their lands be confirmed and a patent be given.
Folder 14, 1701, #7	Council	Order	23 Aug. 1701	Committee			An order by the Council for a joint committee with the Burgesses to discuss the "Indian problem." The Pamunkey Indians are "praying" for a patent.
Folder 14, 1701, 1702, #30	Governor & Council	Document	22 May 1702				Need for arms and ammunition for the militia against the "enemy."
Folder 16, 1706, #27	The "Queen and Great Men" of the Pamunkey Tribe	Petition	1706	Land			Ann, the Queen of Pamunkey and her great men signed their petition to the Lt. Governor, asking for a patent to their lands.
Folder 20, 1709, #29-30	Robin, Indian and President & Council	Petition	27 Oct. 1709	To stay among the English			Robin, a Pamunkey Indian, requested that he be allowed to stay among the English to practice his trade of shoemaking. He does not wish to return to the Pamunkey village because he does not want to be "barbaric," etc. The Council ordered that Robin be permitted to remain among the colonists.
Folder 22, 1710, #18	Ann and men of the Pamunkey	Petition	1710				As much as they wanted to pay their usual annual tribute, Ann and the men of Pamunkey petitioned in this badly faded document for relief from their annual tribute because of great want and famine. Families are either forced to scatter and live among the English or risk withered and disabled bodies from starvation. [Note: Although this document is dated outside the time frame, the document shows its very importance.]

Surry County: Colonial Papers (Library of Virginia)

Source

Name/ Party

Type

Date

Payment/
Action

Servants

Slaves

Details

Folder 8, 1691, #14

Tho. Busby,

interpreter

Petition

May 1691

List of expenses

Public interpreter to Southern Indians in 1677, Middle Plantation.

York County: Colonial Papers (Library of Virginia)

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Folder 8, 1691, #14	Thomas Busby	Petition	May 1691	List of expenses			Public Interpreter to Southern Indians in 1677, Middle Plantation.

Abstracts: Correspondence

James City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Brown 1964: 392 [Vol. 2587, folio 88]	Don Alonso de Velasco to Philip III, King of Spain	Letter	14 June 1610	Hardships of Colony			The ship, Swallow, reported that the "Indians hold the English surrounded in the strong place which they had erected there, having killed the larger part of them." The others were left so completely w/o provisions that they believed it was impossible to escape since the survivors ate the dead." And "they also ate one native (died by fighting) by digging him up two days after burial." Almost all those came in this ship "had died from eating dogs, cat skins and other vile stuff " and the Indians had killed swine brought to Virginia. Unless given provisions soon, all of them will perish.
Brown 1964: 519-521 [Vol. 2588, folio 82 (enclosed in folio 81)]	Duke of Lerma to Secretary Antonio de Arostegui	Document	Enclosed w/ a letter dated 13 Nov. 1611	Defense			Four earthworks: first one is at the mouth of the river w/ stockades, posts, 7 pieces of artillery, 2 of 35 quintales & 30, 20 & 18 (all of iron), & 50 men, women and boys. Second one is 2/3 of a league from the first one while the third a musket shot — both have pieces of artillery for defense against the Indians. The fourth/main settlement is 20 leagues up the river from the first fort, w/ 16 pieces of artillery of __ iron and palisades like the others. There are no interaction w/ the Indians due to times of war & peace. Indians are dressed in deerskins, use bows & arrows and cultivate only maise & nuts. However, they do not bring metals like gold & silver.
Thomson 1965:209 #144	John Chamberlain	Letter	9 July 1612	Bad news from Virginia			Two or three ships have arrived from Virginia, but their news bring only "discomfort," and "that Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale are quite out of heart."
Brown 1964:572 [Vol. 2589, folio 61]	Marquess of Flores to Philip III, King of Spain	Letter	1 Aug. 1612	Marriages			Reported by a source that "some of the people who have gone there, think now some of them should marry the women of the savages of that country; and he tells me that there are already 40 or 50 thus married." Also reported that the other Englishmen, after being put among them, have become savages themselves while the women, whom they took out, also have gone among the savages where they have been received & treated well. A minister who admonished them was "seriously wounded in many places" because "he reprehended them."
Brown 1964: 632-633 [Vol. 2572, folio 10]	Don Pedro de Cunega to Philip III, King of Spain	Letter	22 7br 1612	Marriages			A person (of good credit) reported that "they treate and have a determination to marrie some of ye People that goe thether with the Virginians... fortie or fiftie are already married there." And other English intermingled w/them & women "sent over to live among the Virginians are received & used kindly by them." They wounded a minister after he reprehended them.
Brown 1964: 633-634 [Vol. 2590, folio 66]	Don Alonso de Velasco to Philip III, King of Spain	Letter	30 May 1613	Hardships of Colony			No news from Virginia for several months; great fears are now entertained that the people there may have died from hunger since the Indians were "holding them in such strict confinement that they could not leave their forts without...great danger."
Brown 1964: 638 [Vol. 2590, folio 52]	Don Alonso de Velasco to Philip III, King of Spain	Letter	12 July 1613	Hardships of Colony			No news from Virginia for more than nine months. According to last reports, it is believed that the people must have perished, from disease and starvation; the country is subject... to diseases "while the Indians kept them so closely besieged that they could not come out" of the fort "to search for provisions."
Thomson 1965:210-211 #180	John Chamberlain	Letter	1 Aug. 1613	Pocahontas' kidnapping & ransom			"They have taken a daughter of a king that was their greatest enemy, as she was going afeasting upon a river to visit certain friends, for whose ransom the father offers whatsoever is in his power, and to become their friend, and to bring them where they shall meet with gold mines. They propound unto him three conditions: to deliver all the English fugitives, to render all manner of arms or weapons of theirs that are come to his hands, and to give them 300 quarters of corne. The first two he performed readily, and promiseth the other at their harvest, if his daughter may be well used in the meantime."
Brown 1964: 659-661 [Vol. 2590, folios 118, 119]	Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuña to H.M.	Letter	5 Oct. 1613	Defense & hardships of Colony			Report about five fortifications, named Fort James, Fort Henry (after the prince who died), Fort Charles, Point Comfort and Fort Henry — all surrounded by earth works w/ artillery. Approximately 300 men are there & have nothing to eat other than bread of maize w/ fish and water to drink, contrary to the nature of the English. The Savages & other natives are in "bad relations" with the English, who cannot leave their fort w/o risking their lives; and if the General does go hunting, he takes a guard to protect his person.
MacLean 1860:36	Lord George Carew to Sir Thomas Roe	Letter	June 1616	Pocahontas & John Rolfe and other Indians			Sir Thomas Dale has returned from Virginia, taking with him "divers men and women of that countrye to be educated here" and "one Rolfe, who maried a daughter of Pohetan (the barbarous prince) called Pocahuntus, hathe brought his wife with him into England." The worst of that plantation is now past- there are now good victuals through their industry.
Brown 1964: 789	John Chamberlain to Mrs. Alice Carleton	Letter	22 June 1616	Pocahontas & John Rolfe and other Indians			Sir Thomas Dale brought "some ten or twelve old and younge of that Countrie, among whom the most remarkquable person is Pocahuntas (daughter to Powatan a Kinge or cacique of that Countrie) married to one Rolfe an Englishman."
Thomson 1965:215 #257	John Chamberlain	Letter	18 Jan. 1617	Pocahontas' pending return			"The Virginian woman Pocahuntas, with her father-counsellor, hath been with the King and graciously used, and both she and her assistant well placed at the masque. She is on her return, though sore against her will, if the wind would come about to send them away."
Thomson 1965:216 #259	John Chamberlain	Letter	22 Feb. 1617	Portrait of Pocahontas			"Here is a fine picture of no fair Lady. And yet with her tricking up and high style and titles, you might think her and her worshipful husband to be somebody, if you do not know that the poor company of Virginia, out of their poverty, are fain to allow her four pound a week for her maintenance."
Thomson 1965:216 #262	John Chamberlain	Letter	29 March 1617	Death of Pocahontas			"The Virginian woman whose picture I sent you died this last week at Gravesend as she was returning homeward."
Thomson 1965:225 #411	John Chamberlain	Letter	13 July 1622	1622 Massacre			More news from Virginia: "...ill news that the savages have by surprise slain about 350 of our people there one and other. It was by their own supine negligence, that lived as careless and securely there as if they had been in England, in scattered and straggling houses far asunder, whereby they were so easily subject to the surprise of those naked people, who besides other spoil and booty have possessed themselves of arms and weapons; but the best is they have no skill to use them. Among them that are lost is one Captain Barclay and Captain Thorpe, whme I was well acquainted withal and had been a pensioner." The letter also mentioned that the "disgrace and shame is as much as the loss, for no other nation would have been so grossly overtaken."
VMHB 1899:236-237	Francis Wyatt et al. to the Earl of Southampton	Letter	3 April 1623 James City	English captives & 1622 massacre			Twenty captives from the 1622 massacre at Martin's Hundred held by Opechancanough who wishes peace and ability to plant corn on their own lands at Pamunkey. The English put Comoham, an "actor" in the massacre who was not sent by the Great King, was put in chains as leverage. The English to send home their people and they would return "Mrs. Boys (the chief of the prisoners), appareled like one of their Queens." The rest came not because of threatening speeches according to Robert Poole, interpreter. Terms of negotiation given.
Ferrar Papers 1622-1627: Reel 3: #556	Sir Francis Wyatt & Council	Letter	_ Sept. 1624				Lengthy description of the difficulties in connection with the false rumor of "poisoning" the Indians, due to malice by some parties. Also discussion of its connection to the 1622 massacre.
Mass. Historical Society 1871:11, 95, 98-99, 107-108, 110-113	Capt. Thomas Yong	Letter	13 July 1634 James Towne Cittie	Trade for corn & Interpreter			Capt. Thomas Yong described in his long letter what he observed and heard in Virginia. There was a new fort at the mouth of the James and a "great trade for Indian Corne" between the settlers and the Indians. Captain Mathews is an interpreter and ancient planter. The country is abundant w/ milk, cheese, butter & corne. After the early Starving Time in the history of the colony, the colony now can spare 10,000 bu. of corn to New England for relief. The Palisade is nearly 6 miles long but males above age 14 are destitute regarding all manner of arms and ammunition. Rumors of war are circulating about the Indians "gathering heade" to take advantage to "fall on them."
Mass. Historical Society 1871: 131, 143, 145, 150-151	Mr. Kemp Secretary & The Lords Commissioners	Letter	17 May 1635	Fury of the people			Described Francis Potts' presentation- others feared that the "Gouvernour would bring a second massacre among them." Captain Mathews told the Governor that "the peoples fury is vp against you and to appease it is beyond our power, vnless you please to go for england, there to answer theyr Complaint."
Mass. Historical Society 1871: 131[note]	Captain Samuel Matthews & Sir John Wolstonholme	Letter	25 May 1635	Abuse of power & Indian troubles			Stated that the governor had usurped the power into his own hands; shut out every trade, including that of corn, by complying too far with the Marylanders, what w/ 2000 recent new arrivals into the colony; and that he "made a dangerous peace with the Indians." Contrary to the Council & country's advice, the governor took for his own use "the satisfaction made by the Indians" for the 500 hogs they had killed. If the Indians were to "offer any insult," the colonists would not be able to revenge themselves.

York County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Thorndale 1997:187-188 [Also in Ferrar Papers 1622-1627, Reel 3: #569.]	Thomas Ward & John Jackson to N. Farrar	Letter	20 May 1625 Martins Hundred	Indian dangers			As surviving tenants of Martin's Hundred, they described their desperate conditions and dangers from the Indians. Milk from a cow, more servants, shoes costing less than 5 pounds and better arrangements for tobo. are needed. Mr. Harwood had taken 6 out of 7 pounds of their tobo. There is no powder or shot to "garde our lyves." One of them can only work the ground while the other served as a guard, "or ellse wee shall be in daunger to be killd of the Indyanse..." They have "worne out all our clothse and shertse" and cannot buy any, and now "will not in dure this kynd of liueing any longer. The letter was signed by "Your slause in Virgenyae."
Thorndale 1997:188-189 [Also in Ferrar Papers 1622-1627, Reel 3: # 569.]	Robert Adams to N. Farrar	Letter	6 June 1625 Martins Hundred	1622 Massacre & terror of Indians			Once lived at Harryhatocke. When the "fear bred by the bluddy masaker heare was blown over" in early 1623, he was ordered by the Governor to go to Martins Hundred to strengthen the settlement. He and his wife got there the same day a woman servant was killed by the Indians and he was "assaulted by them shott wth a bullet in the leg." His wife risked her own life getting to the armed Mr. Harwood at his storehouse in the plantation, but he refused to open the door "out of too much feare and neclect." Although the Indians were ultimately driven away, he was busy constructing a "pale or pallisadoe about my house" and described the need for powder. His letter also referred to the poor management of Mr. Harwood as well as Mr. Carles' neglect regarding the protection of the plantation and its operations.

Abstracts: County Records

Charles City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Hotten 1983:190	List of the Dead	Enumeration	16 Feb. 1623	List of the dead at West & Sherlow Hhundred			"2 Indians, one Negar, and Christopher Harding, kild..."
Hotten 1983:192-3	List of the Dead	Enumeration	16 Feb. 1623	List of the dead At Martin's Hundred			John Pattison, ux Pattison and Edward Windor killed.
Hotten 1983:209	List of the Dead	Enumeration	1624	List of the dead at West & Sherley & Sherley Hundred			James Rolfe Liuetennt. Gibb's man, John Michaell and Francis, Capt. Madison's man} slaine by the Indians.
Hotten 1983:215	List of the Dead	Enumeration	1624	List of the dead at Chaplins Choise			Henery Wilson, Nicholas Sutton, Nicholas Baldwin were killed by the Indians.
Fleet, 1945A:10	Indian & Capt. Wm. Rothwell	Employment	17 Sept. 1655 Westover	10,000 lbs. tobo. bond			Allowed to employ Indian to kill wolves & do other service; they are to do no harm to the English & their estates.
Fleet 1945A:41	Indians & James Reyner	Payment for military service	25 June 1656 Westover	700 lbs. tobo to cure wound.			Reyner was wounded during late service agst. Indians. Thomas Culmer is to attempt a cure.
Fleet 1945A:46	Indian & Capt. David Peibils	Employment	25 June 1656 Westover				Permitted to retain & keep Indian according to law.
Fleet 1945A:47	Indians & King of Weynoke and Militia	Intelligence & raising militia	25 July 1656 at Buckland	Militia			Strange northern Indians called Mastehocks have arrived to fight the Richohockans. Reports of a sudden invasion intended and the killing of hogs. In case of war, militia and arms to be raised immediately.
Fleet 1945A:49	Indian & John Dibdall	Keeping Indian	1 Sept. 1656 Westover				Allowed to keep this Indian according to law.
Fleet 1945A:58	Indian & John Banister	To have Indian	27 Oct. 1656 Westover	Service			To have Indian in his service.
Fleet 1945A:58	Indian & Capt. Daniel Llewellyn	To have Indian	27 Oct. 1656 Westover	Service			To have Indian in his service.
Fleet 1945A:58	Indians & Major Abra. Wood	To have Indians	27 Oct. 1656 Westover	Service			To have two Indians.
Fleet 1945A:58	Indian & Capt. Robert Wynne	To keep Indian	27 Oct. 1656 Westover	Service			To keep an Indian.
Fleet 1941A:14	Indian & John Pratt	Employment	20 March 1657 James City				Pratt ordered to employ an Indian under the hands of Mr. Drewe and Mr. Wyatt.
Fleet 1945A:79	"Comon Enemy"	Order	24 June 1657 Merchants Hope	Defense			Every company of this regiment to provide & prepare 10 men "victualld and armed" for offence and defense agst. the Common enemy & expeditions.
Fleet 1945A:82	Indian & George Potter	Employment	3 Aug. 1657 Merchants Hope				Permitted to employ an Indian according to law.
Fleet 1945A:87	Indian & Thomas Drewe	Employment	3 8br. 1657 Merchants Hope				Permitted to employ and keep an Indian.
Fleet 1941A:64	Indian & Capt. Edward Hill	Employment	3 Feb. 1659 Merchants Hope				Permitted to keep an Indian.
Fleet 1941A:43	Indian & John Howell	Employment	3 Aug. 1659 Westover				Allowed to employ Indian.
Fleet 1941A:43	Indian & John Drayton	Employment	3 Aug. 1659 Westover				Allowed to employ Indian.
Fleet 1941A:43	Indian & Richard Parker	Violation of law	3 Aug. 1659 Westover	2,000 lbs. tobo. & costs.			Parker had given a gun to an Indian contrary to law. 1,000 lbs.. penalty to county commissioners. Also 1,000 lbs. of tobo. penalty to Lt. John Howell, informant, and costs of suit.
Fleet 1941A:46	Indian & John Holmwood	Employment	3 Aug. 1659 Westover				Permitted to employ an Indian according to law.
McIlwaine 1914:4	John Beauchamp & Indian boy	Petition	13 March 1659/60 James City	Indian boy			Beauchamp, merchant, wants to bring his Indian boy to England. If he can show consent of the Indian boy's parents to do so to the county court in Charles Cittie County, then his request shall be granted.
Fleet 1941A:97-99	Militia & Indians	Court	12 June 1661 James City	Defense. Penalty for false rumors: 5,000 lbs. tobo. & 1 year imprison-ment			Unsettled militia/uncertainties of alarms and want of fixed arms caused fears and terrors among inhabitants along with rumors of Indians. Issued 8 points dealing with problem.
Fleet 1941B:5	Indians	License	14 Sept. 1661 Westover				Licenses to keep Indians revoked.
Fleet 1941B:48	Thomas Busby & Wm. Rollinson	Deed	4 March 1661/2 [sic]	Sale			Busby of Surry County sold an Indian boy, aged about 5, to Rollinson.
Fleet 1941B:40	Theodrick Bland Esqr. & Maj. Gen. Manwaring Hammond	Judgement	3 Feb. 1662 Westover	Estate			The service of an Indian girl sold to Hoe per contract under hands of Rees Hughes, agent for Hammond.
Fleet 1941B:42	John Monke, 35	Deposition	4 Feb. 1662/3 Westover	Witness	Elizabeth, an Indian woman		While at house of Capt. John Wall, he saw Elizabeth strike Mrs. Wall.
Fleet 1941B:42	Henry Tame, 30	Deposition	4 Feb. 1662/3 Westover	Witness	Elizabeth, Indian		At house of Capt. John Wall & family: Elizabeth was "so violent." She bit Mrs. Wall's breast and thrust her head into a red-hot oven ready for bread.
Fleet 1941B:43	Elizabeth, a Christian Indian	Verdict	4 Feb. 1662/3 Westover	More service	Elizabeth, Indian		Elizabeth has "violently and disobediently resisted and assaulted" her mistress, Mrs. Wall, with "blows and bitings." Additional service as per act provided for such cases for her "insolent resistance and opposicon." [Elizabeth is not "Elizabeth Christianna" as incorrectly cited in the book. The original record revealed the error.]
Fleet 1941B:51	Indian youth & Rice Hoe	Court	20 April 1663 Westover	Complaint			Indian complains of illegal detention by Hoe. To dwell with Mr. Theo: Bland 'till settlement.
Fleet 1941B:56	Thomas, Indian & Rice Hoe	Court	3 June 1663 Westover	Complaint			Case for illegal detention deferred to next court.
Fleet 1941B:62	Thomas, Indian & Rice Hoe	Court	3 Aug. 1663 Westover	Complaint	Served 3 years.		Hoe to provide Thomas two new canvas shirts & one pair of new canvas drawers; and pay all costs of suit.
Fleet 1941B:79	John Compton	Petition	3 Feb. 1663/4 Westover	Exempt from taxes & public services.			Due to great age, industry, and "great hurts losse of blood and the consequent debility"...occasioned "by his service in the last war with the Indians," Compton is to be free of taxes & services except for parish dues.
Fleet 1942:1	Indian & Thomas Tomlinson	Order	3 Aug. 1664 Westover	Bond re gun & Richard Pace, security, 1,000 lbs. tobo.			Tomlinson to keep gun taken from an Indian by him, and Pace to provide security. Also to produce gun if cause requires it.
Fleet 1942:17	Indians & Thomas Marston vs. George Harris	Court	9 Aug. 1664 Green Spring	Suit			Non-appearance in court due to late rumors of the Indians. Requested rehearing in next court.
Fleet 1942:57	Indian boy & Mary Bird, 23, servant	Deposition	10 Oct. 1665 court	Witness	Thomas Hooper, a Gerrard & Indian boy		3 servants of Capt. Edw. Hill drove hogs of Mr. Llewellyn's out of the yard at Shirley Hundred. Dogs killed one barrow by the water-it was then dressed by the servants. They and other servants "did eate it."
Fleet 1942:55	Indians & soldiers	Service	10 Nov. 1665 Westover	Pay for 6 days work			Neighbors of soldiers to pay 6 days work for soldiers pressed or employed agst. Indians.
Fleet 1942:79	Indian & Wm. Irby	Order	Court orders 1672-1674	Security			To entertain an Indian.
Fleet 1942:79	Indian & John Sturdivant	Order	Court orders 1672-1674	Security			To entertain an Indian.
Fleet 1942:82	Thomas Hamlin vs. William Irby	Court	Court orders 1672-1674	Complaint			To appear on complaint of Wm. Irby about Indian.
Ayres 1968:11	Indian & Edward Richards	Court	13 Sept. 1677 Westover	Gun issue			Presented gun in court-pretends he took it from an Indian upon his land. To keep gun until further hearing from Govenor and Council.
Ayres 1968:47	Mr. William Randolph, John Lawrence & Tero, Indian	Judgement	14 Feb.1677/8 Westover	Witness			Reference to Lawrence's non-appearance as a witness in Randolph vs. Tero, an Indian.
Ayres 1968:57	Mr. Henry Batte	Register	3 June 1678 Westover				Two Indian children: George, aged 6 and Bess, aged 5.
Ayres 1968:69	Francis Leadbetter	Informant	15 Aug. 1678 Westover	Sale			Said Henry Newcomb bought 1 horse, 1 mare from the Indians- the latter exchanged with Peter Rowland. Newcomb ordered to appear in next court.
Ayres 1968:77	Henry Newsom	Register	3 Dec. 1678 Westover			Indian boy	Slave for life, aged 7.
Ayres 1968:93	John Smith	Informant	18 Feb. 1678/9 court	Verdict			Said Henry Burton & Ed. Gilley entertained & dealt with the Indians. Verdict: "Not guilty."
Ayres 1968:119	Mr. Henry Batt	Guardianship	3 Dec. 1679 Westover	Estate			Henry Odum, admr. of John Peterson (dec'd.) was removed & replaced by Batt who wants court to remove liability. Mill is the largest estate & subject to attacks by Indians and fire. Batt will only then accept adm. & guardianship of orphan.
Weisiger 1992:13-14	Joseph Bradley	Court	7 March 1687 court	Accidental killing of Indian. Bail to be first given-then given liberty.			Wants relief from strict confinement in prison; killing of Indian man was "accidentally done & no malice forethought."
Weisiger 1992:15	Solomon Crooke	Register	3 April 1688 Westover				Matt, Indian, aged 10.
Weisiger 1992:17	Owen Row	Claim	13 April 1688 Westover			An Indian	Indian slave of Wm. Harrison's.
Weisiger 1992:17	Clerk and James Blancks	Certificate	13 April 1688 Westover	Certificate			Blanks lost horse in journey agst. Indians last July.
Weisiger 1992:24	David Williamson	Register	3 Aug. 1688 Westover				Robin, Indian, aged 7.
Weisiger1992:28	Thomas Harnison	Register	3 Oct. 1688 Westover		Ned		Indian aged 8.
Weisiger 1992:33	Capt. Daniel Llewellyn	Payment	4 Oct. 1688 Westover	From Levy			Paid 133 lbs. for inquest on Mrs. Shipley's Indian.
Weisiger 1992:45	Zacheus Ellis vs. Francis Reeves	Suit	3 April 1689 Westover	Claims	2 men & Indian boy		Ellis claimed that Reeves owed him 85 days wages per Ellis' 2 men & 16 days wages per Ellis' Indian boy. Reeves' appeals to next court.
Weisiger 1992:53	James Denson	Register	5 Aug. 1689 Westover		Jenny		Indian aged 5.
Weisiger 1992:61	John Mattux	Register	3 Oct. 1689 Westover		Besse		Indian aged 6.
Weisiger 1992:69	Roger, Indian & Richard Bradford	Runaway	3 Dec. 1689 Westover	To serve 1 mo. for 10s & more time per law.			Roger was absent 6 months. Master spent 10s on recovery.
Weisiger 1992:84	Ralph Jackson	Register	4 Aug. 1690 Westover				Jenny, Indian, aged 6.
Weisiger 1992:84	Joseph Pattison	Register	4 Aug. 1690 Westover		Jack		Indian aged 8.
Weisiger 1992: 85	John Williams	Petition	4 Aug. 1690 Westover	Case dismissed			Said his Indian woman is guilty of "sin of fornication" & wants "benefit of the law." Case is not w/in their law.
Weisiger 1992:101	John Royston	Insolvency	3 Feb. 1690 Westover	Tax			Jeffrey, Indian boy, is insolvent.
Weisiger 1992:95	John Evans	Register	8 Dec. 1690 Westover				Thomas Mayo, Indian, aged 14.
Weisiger 1992:107	Solomon Crooke	Register	3 Aug. 1691 Westover			Jacke	Indian aged 6.
Weisiger 1992: 107	Rineer Anderson, dec'd.	Court	3 Aug. 1691 Westover	Estate			Robert, Indian, aged 10.
Weisiger 1992:114	William Jones	Court	10 Nov. 1691 Westover	Summons			Jones, a trader in Appomattux, is summoned to show why he is not listed as a tithable.
Weisiger 1992:120	John Fontain	Register	3 Feb. 1691 Westover				Joan, Indian, aged 7.
Weisiger 1992:125	James Parham	Court	24 March 1691 Westover	Certificate		An Indian woman	Certificate from Capt. Batt returned. Indian belongs to Wm Lux of Isle of Wight.
Weisiger 1992:201	Peter Perry	Document	9 Jan. 1692	Receipt			Acknowledged delivery of 4 "shotes" through Capt. Busby's Indian- 393 lbs. in all.
Weisiger 1992:128	James Howard	Register	3 June 1692 Westover		Jenny		Indian aged 6.
Weisiger 1992:128	John Evans	Register	3 June 1692 Westover		Doll		Indian aged 10.
Weisiger 1992:130	William Wilkins	Register	3 Aug. 1692 Westover				Indians named Hannah, aged 8; Jack, aged 12; and Ned, aged 10.
Weisiger 1992:131	Thomas Chapell	Register	3 Aug. 1692 Westover				Jack, Indian, aged 7.
Weisiger 1992:131	Mingo, Negro & Thomas Harnison	Court	3 Aug. 1692 Westover	Complaint. Mingo is not free.			Once belonged to James Blamore whose will states that 4 yrs. after his death, Mingo and an Indian boy "to be free if the law will admit." Otherwise Mingo goes to exors (Harnison). Court notes law barring Negroes their freedom.
Weisiger 1992:134	Benjamin Foster	Register	15 Sept. 1692 Westover				Robin, Indian, aged 5.
Weisiger 1992:137	Thomas Harnison	Register	3 Oct. 1692 Westover				Jenny, Indian, aged 11.
Weisiger 1992:148	John Parrish	Claim	16 Feb. 1692 [sic] Westover	Certificate			Certificate dated 10 May 1689 from Maj. Stith, for Hector, Indian, who was taken up 5 miles away from his master Samuel Eale.
Weisiger 1992:150	John Williams	Court	13 April 1693 Westover	Summons			Complaint of Indian woman belonging to Williams.
Weisiger 1992:155	Samuel Tatem	Register	5 June 1693 Westover				Mary, Indian, aged 7.
Weisiger 1992:156	James Jones	Register	3 Aug. 1693 Westover				Indians named as Sue, aged 7, and Sarah, aged 4.
Weisiger 1992:158	Franck, Indian & John Williams	Order	3 Aug. 1693 Westover				Ordered to pay Indian woman Franck accustomed corn & clothes, with costs.
Weisiger 1992:163	John Pybus	Register	4 Dec. 1693 Westover				Thom, Indian, aged 10.
Weisiger 1992:163	John Heath	Register	4 Dec. 1693 Westover				Jack, Indian, aged 7.
Weisiger 1992:169	Joseph Patison	Register	5 Feb. 1693 [sic] Westover				Tom, Indian, aged 4.
Weisiger 1992:174	___ Howard	Register	3 April 1694 Westover				Hannah, Indian, aged 5.
Weisiger 1992:176	Daniel Sturdevant	Register	4 June 1694 Westover				Peter, Indian, aged 5.
Weisiger 1992:176	Robert Hix	Register	4 June 1694 Westover				Jenny, Indian, aged 8.
Weisiger 1992:180	John Lewis	Register	3 Aug. 1694 Westover				Sarah, Indian, aged 12.
Weisiger 1992:180	Mathew Parham	Register	3 Aug. 1694 Westover				Dick, Indian, aged 7.
Weisiger 1992:180	John Winingham	Register	3 Aug. 1694 Westover				Jack, Indian, aged 7. Robin, Indian, aged 4.
Weisiger 1992:181	Thomas Thrower	Register	3 Aug. 1694 Westover				Will, Indian, aged 5.
Weisiger 1992:193	Richard Denis	Payment	9 Nov. 1694 court	From Levy			Paid 100 lbs. tobo. for his Indian.

Isle of Wight County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Hotten 1983:194	List of the Dead	Enumeration	16 Feb. 1623	List of the dead at Warwick's Squarak
Hotten 1983:243	List of the Dead	Enumeration	1624	List of the dead in Wariscoyack			Servants of Mr. Bennett's men, slain by the Indians}5.
Isle of Wight Co. 2:111	Thomas Harris	Will	31 March 1672				Some of his lands are at the "Indian Towne."

James City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Brown 1964: 115	East India Company	Court minute	4 Sept. 1607	£3, 5s			Beads & moth-eaten cloth sold to Gov. Sir Thomas Smythe...for the Virginia voyage.
Brown 1964: 178	Henry Percy, Earl of Northumber-land	Memorandum	1607-1608	3s			"For the rings and other pieces of copper given to the Virginia Prince 3s"
Gray 1937 (1609): [between C3-D]	Robert Gray	Manuscript: "A Good Spede to Virginia"	28 April 1609				It is believed that "these Savages have no particular propertie in any part or parcell of that countrey, but only a generall residencie there, as wild beasts have in the forest..."
Strachey 1953 (1612): Appendix A	William Strachey	Dictionary	1612	Indian Language			Published as "A Short Dictionary, added unto the former Discourses, of the Indian Language, used within the Chessiopioch Bay; more perticularly about the Tract and amongst the Inhabitantaunts of the first River, called by them Powhaton, and by us, the Kings River, whein as yet our Townes, and Fortes, ar seated. By which, such who shall by Imployed thether may know the readyer how to confer, and how to truck and Trade with the People."
Brown 1964:1005	John Smith of Nibley et al. to Sir George Yeardley & George Thorpe's Virginian Indian boy	Indenture & Patent	3 Feb. 1618/19	Patent			John Smith et al. to Gov. Yeardley, 18 Feb. 1619: "Since your departure, we have procured our patent for plantation in Virginia (a copy whereof we herewith send unto you, written by the Virginian boy of me..." [of George Thorpe's]...)"
Thorndale 1995:165, 169	Indians	Census	1619				"Indians in the service of seu[er]all planters."
Ferrar 1936:112-113	Nicholas Ferrar	Will	23 March 1619	Bequest			Will cites £300 for the education of ten "Infidel children in the college now being erected."
McIlwaine 1915:5	Court, seamen & Opochancano	Order	30 July 1619 James City	Complaints & trade			Complaint lodged agst. Capt. Martin for certain outrages which could endanger the Colony. Ensign Harrison affirmed to Thomas Davis of Paspaheighs, Gent. that he had been told under Martin's orders to take the shallop, that they would have made a "harde voiage," if they had not met w/ a canoe coming out of a creek. When the Indians refused to sell their corn, armed men entered their canoe and took the corn by force, measuring it w/ a basket they had into their shallop. They gave them "satisfaction" in "Copper, beades, and other trucking Stuffe." Opochancano made complaint to the Governor about this outrage. Concerned for the safety of the colony as well as the outrage being committed agst. the Indians, the Governor decreed that that Martin should have obtained "leave" to enter the bay to trade and ordered him to take "leave" and give good security to ensure that his men will not commit "no such outrage any more."
McIlwaine 1915:9	Court & Indians	Order	2 Aug. 1619 court	Act			The English shall not make injury or oppression agst. the Indians, thus disturbing the peace and potentially revive "antient quarrels." The Chiccohomini are "not to be excepted out of this Lawe" until further orders from England, or that they provoke us by some new injury.
McIlwaine 1915:10	Court	Order	2 Aug. 1619 court	Assimilation of Indians			Desirable that the "better disposed" Indians learn to converse w/ our people, live & labor among them and convert to Christianity. Indians who voluntarily come to well-peopled places to do service such as killing of deer, fishing, beating corn and other helpful work, then five or six of them can be admitted to each place and no more w/ the Governor's consent. Although "many proove good," a guard should be kept at night since they generally "are the most trecherous people" who quickly disappear when "they have done a villainy." It is also thought fit to provide them a separate house for them to lodge in by themselves. No lone inhabitant is to "entertaine them." Lastly, each town, city, borough or plantation shall take in Indian children to learn Christianity and "civile course of life." The most "towardly boyes in witt & graces of nature" are to be brought up "in the firste Elements of litterature" and thus be fitted for college intended for them.
McIlwaine 1915: 12	Court & Indians	Order	4 Aug. 1619 court	Trade			Every man is free to trade with the Indians but not servants. The offender shall risk whipping or payment "of an Angell" -one fourth each to the Provost Marshall, the discoverer, and "the other moyty" to the public use of the local incorporation.
McIlwaine 1915:13	Court & Indians	Order	4 Aug. 1619 court	Arms			No man is to give Indians any "piece shott, or poulder, or any other armes offensive or defensive." Otherwise, he will be considered a traitor to the Colony and be hanged w/ proof and no redemption.
McIlwaine 1915:13	Court & Indians	Order	4 Aug. 1619 court	Canines & hoes			No inhabitant shall give greater "howes" or any English dog of quality, such as "Mastive, Greyhound, Blood hounde land, or water Spaniel" or any other English dog to the Indians. Punishment is the forfeiture of 5 lbs. sterling for the public use in the local incorporation.
McIlwaine 1915:13	Court & Indians	Order	4 Aug. 1619 court	Indian towns			None of the English are to "purposely goe to any Indian townes, habitations, or places of resort," w/o leave from the Governor or commander of the person's area. Forty shillings towards the local incorporation is the penalty if this decrees is not followed.
McIlwaine 1915:13	Court & Indians	Order	4 Aug. 1619 court	Canoes			Anyone who takes boats, oares or "canoas" w/o leave of his neighbors shall be considered a felon. No one is to take away by violence or stealth any of the Indian canoes or other things. If he does, he shall pay "valuable restitution" to the Indians. He also shall forfeit, if a freeholder, 5 lbs. and if a servant, 40s, or be whipped. Furthermore, anything that is under the value of 13d will be labeled as "Petty larceny."
McIlwaine 1915:14	Court & Indians	Order	4 Aug. 1619 court	Trade in the Bay			No one is to trade in the Bay in any ship w/o license from the Governor and security that he or his company shall not "force or wrong" the Indians. Otherwise, they shall face censure upon their return from the Governor and Council of Estate.
McIlwaine 1915:14-15	Court, Capt. Henry Spelman, Robert Poole & Opochancano	Order	4 Aug. 1619 court	Complaint			Robert Poole, interpreter, vs. Henry Spelman: Spelman spoke "very unreverently & maliciously agst. the Governor" at Poole's meeting (& thus the Governor's honor, dignity, person and Colony be brought in contempt) and mischief by Indians thus might ensue. Spelman confessed to a few of the charges but denied the majority of the complaints. The only exception what that he had informed Opochancano that w/in a year, there will be a more powerful Gov. in a year, who shall replace this one. Since Opochancano and other Indians thus appeared to hold the Gov. in "much disesteem," the Colony may be in "danger of their Slippry designes." Instead of possibly putting Spelman to death according to a law, the General Assembly decided that Spelman was to be demoted from Captain and perform seven years service to the Indians as the Governor's interpreter.
The Antient Planters 1874 (1624):72	Court	Narrative	1623	Defense & Housing			Construction of two small forts was near the mouth of the river at Kicoughtun, with two bark-covered houses built by Indians as well as a few thatched cabins of the settlers. Other Indian houses that were not useful were burnt while twelve or fourteen Indians were killed. The surviving settlers consumed as much corn as they found growing "of their plantinge" and at harvest, reaped 150 bu. of corn. The corn, ordered by Lord La Ware, was sent to Jamestown.
The Antient Planters 1874 (1624):73	Court	Narrative	1623	Indian troubles			Men skilled at finding mines were killed by the Indians while eating meat and other victuals at the invitation of the Indians. As a result, some Indians were killed while their houses were burned as revenge.
McIlwaine 1915:33	Court	Narrative	1623	Defense			Only four pieces of ordinance were mounted for defense agst. the "Salvages." Soon after, the settlers were seated at Charles Hundred and Sir Thomas Dale went to the Pamonkey River to form either a friendship pact or to make war w/ them. While they saw Dale's intent was peace, they agreed out of fear rather than love. In spite of "great want and scarcity" in the settlement, they caught and executed those who mutinied and would have done harm.
McIlwaine 1915:33	Court	Narrative	1623	Defense & departure of Dale			Sir Thomas Dale impaled some necks of land for defense agst. the "Salvages" and for fishing for the settlers relief. He also made "spoile of the Keschiacks and Wariscoyacks" before his departure from Virginia. His successor was Capt. George Yardley who held the helm of government.
McIlwaine 1915:33	Court	Narrative	1623				At Christmas then following, the Indians of Chiquohomini complained of various abuses and derided our demands. They had agreed w/ Sir Thomas Dale to pay a yearly tribute-i.e., a bushel of corn for every bowman and in exchange, receive one piece of copper and one iron tomahawk. Each of the eight chiefs were to receive a suit of red cloth, "which clothes and truckinge stuffe" the English "esteemed of more worth then their corn." These abuses led Yardley to take a company of eighty-four men to revenge themselves "upoon those contemptous Indians." As a result, a "more firm league" was concluded and peace was possible for two years. Our people, including women & children, could move freely from town to town w/o arms and lodge in Indians' houses, where they were "every way kindly intreated and noe way molested."
McIlwaine 1915:36-37	Court	Narrative	1623	1622 Massacre			Indians had shown themselves "insatiable and covetous" while "we" were "punished for our greedy desires of present gaine and profit." On March 22, 1622, as we entertained them "friendly" in "our houses," they suddenly took opportunities and "fell upon us, killing and murdering very many of our people." Houses and plantations were destroyed while other accomplishments in the Colony were seriously damaged. "This deadly stroake being given to the great amazement and ruine of our State," and led the Governor & Council to act at top speed to take the rest of the Colony towards safety from further reprisals of the Indians. Survivors were then held at fewer strongholds but the resulting harvest was "slender." We had hoped for relief by trading w/ the more "remote" Indians but supplies had miscarried enroute from England. The Indians instead were "our most treacherus ennemies, cunninglye circumeventing and cruellie murderinge such as were employed abroade to gett relief from them," and led to "great want and scarcity." The Governor & Council and others have since conducted revenge on the Indians, started to restore the Colony and now hope to "clean drive" the Indians "from these partes."
McIlwaine 1915:37	Court	Inquiry	1623	Defense			Inquiries made by the Governor and Council: 1) what places are the best in terms of fortification or maintenance agst. the Indians or enemies by sea and 2) how the Colony now stands w/ respect to the "Savadges."
Hotten 1983:191	List of the Dead	Enumeration	16 Feb. 1623	At James Cittie			William Spence and Mrs. Spence "lost." [Note: They were in captivity.]
Hotten 1983:190	List of the Dead	Enumeration	16 Feb. 1623	List of the dead at the Neck of Land			"Thomas Fernley kid [killed]."
McIlwaine 1915:38	Court	Order	2 March 1623 court	Defense			The best solution for the Colony's defense is to run "a pale from Martins hundred to Chiskiacke wch is not above sixe miles" along with "planting" on both rivers, the Pamunkey river being more defensible. However, the relationship between the Colony and the Indians are "irreconciliable." The nimble-heeled Indians take advantage of the forests and carry out sudden ambushes and incursions. While none of the Englishmen have been killed since the massacre, they could not have a "safe range of the Countrye" for cattle, game, etc. and have to keep constant watch agst. the Indians. To achieve their security, there is a need for a "runninge armye continually a foote" which would prevent Indians from coming near them and enable them to put the arrivals here for the winter w/ a year's supply of cattle and provisions.
Neill 1869: 407-411	Court	Narrative	1623/4	Starving Time			Each man was permitted only 8 oz. of meal and half a pinte of pease for a day, although "mouldy, rotten, full of Cobwebs and Maggots." Starvation forced many to flee "for relief to the Savage Enemy, who being taken againe were putt to sundry deaths as by hanginge, shootinge and breakinge uppon the wheele & others were forced by famine to filch for their bellies." "...many...being weery of life, digged holes in the earth and hidd themselves till they famished." Moreover, after consumption of Doggs, Catts, ratts, Snakes, Toad-stooles, horesehides and wtnott" and cannibalism, the "happyest day that euer some of them hoped to see," was "when the Indians had killed a mare..." The settlers wished, while the mare was being boiled, that Sir Tho:Smith was "uppon her back in the kettle."
McIlwaine 1979B:48	Court, Ensign Thomas Savage & Capt. William Eppes	Order	7 March 1624 court	200 lbs. Sterling per bond			Ensign Thomas Savage is to be an interpreter for the good of the plantation at Accomack under conditions set by Capt. William Eppes, or to enter into bond for 200 lbs. sterling & security to Eppes and not have any conference or familiarity w/ the Indians of those parts.
McIlwaine 1979B:8	Court & Capt. Epps	Order	7 March 1624 court	Trade			Anyone who trades w/ the Indians for corn above the Eastern Shore w/o special license from the Governor & Council shall be sent to "James Cyttie" by Capt. Epps for censure and seizure of the corn by measure. If there is any "extreeme" need of corn on that plantation, Epps will be removed like the example with Capt. Hamer.
McIlwaine, 1979B:28	Robert Poole, Gent., et al. and Apochankeno, Coos, Chacrow, Kissacomas (?), Morassane, Nemetenew and other Indians	Deposition	1 Nov. 1624 court	Witness to arms training			During the time of Sir. Thomas Dale, Poole first lived w/ Apochankeno who showed him certain trees where certain bullets had been shot by the Indians who had been personally taught w/ "a small peternell" by Capt. John Smith. Sir Thomas Dale also gave unto Kissacomas (?) a snaphance. The powder & shot was given to him through Poole and Kissacomas (?) often shot fowl & deer. After Sir Thomas Dale's term, an Indian named Coos was taught to shoot w/ a "peece" by John Powell, a servant of Capt. Webb per Webb's "appointment." Another Indian, Chacrow, living w/ Lieut. Skarse, Capt. William Powell and Capt. William Pierce, learned to shoot w/ a "peece." Under Sir Samuel Argall's government, the Indians had killed 6 Englishmen and carried to Pamunkey their pieces & shot where they were used by Morassane and Nemetenew. Poole further testified that Sir George Yardley sent him to "steel a wye the feathers of the locks of those peeces" so that they would be dysfunctional and end up being brought by Apochankeno to him for mending. However, once received, these pieces were kept. Yardley forbade one Indian, employed to shoot by William Pery, to have a piece and had it taken away. Furthermore, he never gave pieces to any Indian.
McIlwaine 1979B:28	Edward Grindon & Nanticos	Deposition	1 Nov. 1624 court	Witness to arms training			Nanticos, an Indian, was the first he knew to be taught to shoot a piece, but by whom he did not know. Another Indian, Coss, was taught to shoot w/ a piece by Capt. Webb at Kickatan during the time of Sir Thomas Dale. Grindon also knew that Shacrow, who lived w/ Lt. Skarse at Jamestown, did use & shoot a piece and so did Kiffacomas (?) who would come to Jamestown to obtain powder & shot during Dale's time as well. However, Grindon never remembered Yardley ever giving a piece to any Indian.
McIlwaine 1979B:36	John Fisher & Apochankeno	Order	13 Dec. 1624 court	Payment			Fisher is to be paid 90 lbs. tobo. For 5 weeks worth of work about Apochankeno's house.
McIlwaine 1979B:51	Thomas Pawlett, Gent., Symon Turgis, Rise Hoe, William Bayley, & Indian	Deposition	4 April 1625 Court	Witnesses	Andrew Dudley		They were living at Sherly Hundred when servant Dudley was "slayne by the Indyans" on 18 March 1623 and had viewed his body after the "enymie was fowle vppon."
McIlwaine 1979B:80	Joseph Chard & ffrancis Michell	Deposition	12 Dec. 1625 court	1622 Massacre			Within three or four days after the massacre, Joseph Chard was in possession of the houses but was forced to leave w/ the others. The houses burned shortly afterwards by the "Indyans" and thus "ffrancis Michell" never possessed the houses.
McIlwaine 1979B:128	George Graves & Robert Lynsey	Deposition	8 Jan. 1626 James City	Inventory			Graves stated that the inventory in court is the true & perfect inventory of Robert Lynsey who was "last spring carried by ye Indians to Pamunky."
McIlwaine 1979B:128	John Jaxson & Robert Lynsey	Deposition	8 Jan. 1626 James City	Goods			Last April, he and Lynsey went from Martins Hundred w/ certain Indians to Pamunky. Jaxson allowed to go home but Lynsey was detained there and told Jaxson that whatever goods he had at home were to go to Sara Snowe, dau of Ellenor Graves if he never came back. Indians also would not let Lynsey give the key to his chest to Jaxson.
McIlwaine 1979B:129	Thomas Harris, Luke Boise, Capt. John Martin & Indians	Deposition	9 Jan. 1626 James City	Cow			Harris sworn that a cow, named "brooken leggs", was in the possession of Luke Boise and killed by the Indians at "Necke of Land." It was one of eight cows once owned by Capt. John Martin.
McIlwaine 1979B:36	Court	Plan	13 Jan. 1626 court	Defense			A sufficient party to be seated at Kiskyacke, to serve as a retreat in case of being overpowered by the "forreine enemy" and to "annoy ye Indians."
McIlwaine 1979B:138	Christopher Barker & Capt. Epes	Deposition	5 Feb. 1626 court	1622 Massacre	Servants		Capt. William Epes received the servants of Capt. John Ward and had nothing after the massacre other than "a bed & a rugg." The houses & goods in them were burned four days later.
McIlwaine 1979B:139	William Munn	Deposition	5 Feb. 1626 court	1622 Massacre			There were no tobacco crops reaped the year after the massacre, and only half an acre of corn was about the house.
McIlwaine 1979B:106	Assembly	Act	7-8 Aug. 1626 court	Defense			No man can go abroad for fowling, fishing or similar activities w/o a sufficient party of well-armed men. Nor can any man in the Colony go out to his "woorke & labor" w/o arms and a sentinel to watch over him.
McIlwaine 1979B:483	Court	Order	26 Aug. 1626 court	Proclamation			No one is to go abroad but in parties or work w/o a continual watch to be kept at night throughout the Colony. Also powder not to be spent during drinking events.
McIlwaine 1979B:111	William Claybourne	Proposition	4 Sept. 1626 court	Guides			Claybourne's proposal regarding the safe keeping of Indians he planned to use as guides who are "always ready to be ymployed," and other services is accepted. No other man can do the same-only Claybourne's "invention" will be tested presently w/ one Indian.
McIlwaine 1979B:116	Capt. William Epps & Weanoke Indian	Court	10 Oct. 1626 court	Weanoke Indian & Bond 500 lbs. tobo.			A Weanoke Indian, taken at Sherly Hundred in the spring, has since been w/ Capt. Epps who shall bring the Indian from Eastern Shore to Jamestown for the Governor to be employed in any service. Permission granted to Epps to either take Indian w/ him to England next spring or deliver him up to the Governor.
McIlwaine 1979B:120	Assembly	Order	13 Oct. 1626 James City	Defense & Fine of 100 wt. tobo. or more.			All dwelling houses through the Colony is to be "palizadoed or paled about" against the Indians by 1st of May. Fines in tobo. if this is not carried out.
McIlwaine 1979B:147	Court	Plan	3 April 1627 court	Defense			From information shared by other Indians, our Indian enemies are planning to make "a general assault vppon of all the plantations this Spring." Reference to earlier proclamation to "palizadoing the houses." Men are to keep guard, keep sentinel on their workmen and watch at night. Fort gates must be fast and no man shall "stragle abroad" alone to prevent dangers.
McIlwaine 1979B:483	Court	Order	12 April 1627 court	Proclamation			Proclamation: To be careful of the Indians. The English have discovered their intentions to "go to warr next spring."
McIlwaine 1979B:151	Court	Plan	4 July 1627 James City	Attack			All parties from all plantations to go "vppon the Indians & cutt downe their corne" on 1 Aug. Necke of Land & Colledge vs. Tanx Powhatans; Sherley Hundred, Jordaines Jurney, Chaplaines Choise & Perseys Hundred vs. towns of the Weianoacks and Appamatucks; James Citty vs. the Chicahominies & Tappahannaes; Warwicke-River, Warosquoiacke & Newport News vs. Warosquoyacks; and Elizabeth Citty vs. Nansamungs & Chesapeiacks. [Various parties to be led under listed names of men.]
McIlwaine 1979B:151	Court	Plan	4 July 1627 James City	Attack			Lt. Peppet to go in ship Virgin into the Pamunky River and put Indians "in expectation of our comeing thither." And beginning in Oct. next, a number of men from all the plantations to go to Pamunkey or other parts to "take & spoile as much corne as they shall light on" and other forms of harm or damage to the Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:153	Edward Albourne & John Throgmo[r]ton	Deposition	17 Sept. 1627 James City	Will			Albourne testified that Throgmorton was wounded & shot in the body by the Indians on 23 June last. Before his death, he made bequests to certain people concerning his goods, house and servants.
McIlwaine 1979B:155	Court & Capt. Sampson	Court	11 Oct. 1627 court	Carib Indians			Carib Indians: Capt. Sampson had brought into the colony some Indians from the Carib Islands, who have since run away, hid in the woods, joined Indians here, stole goods and likely killed some people according to some Carib Indians who confessed to the same. After some deliberation, it is ordered that these Carib Indians shall be hanged "till they be dead."
McIlwaine 1979B:155	Court & Capt. Mathews	Court	12 Oct. 1627 James City	Voyage			Capt. Mathews is to do his best to procure volunteers throughout the Colony to go to Pamunkey or other Indian enemies. Commission shall then be granted to Mathews for voyage.
McIlwaine 1979B:174	Court	Opinion	18 ___1628 James City	Plan			It is the court's opinion to proceed concerning the same course about the Indians, which had been held back until there was "better opportunity to sett vppon them."
McIlwaine 1979B:184-185	Court & Indians	Order	Last day Jan. 1628 James City	Defense & Treaty			Severe punishment for those who do not follow the rules. Treaty w/ the Indians continued since last August to be disannulled since people are neglecting to keep their guard against Indians and the Indians themselves have become "extreamly false and...offered some Iniuries in dyvers of our plantacons." To prevent a second massacre, Indians are to be viewed as enemies after 20th of Feb. and people must not only guard themselves but also not "Ply or Converse" with them. Captains & commanders of these plantations are ordered to make sure no persons or planters work w/o a constant force of men or go abroad w/o sufficient parties. Mr. Secretary also given commission to go to the Susquesahanos.
McIlwaine 1979B:189	Court & Indians	Plan	4 March 1628 James City	Warning			To spread word of plan. A particular Indian came voluntarily and suddenly among us just after our breaking off the former treaty of peace. Reference to the weaknesses of the straggling plantations. Since they have not begun w/ us or killed any of our men first, he shall be "delivered vpp to the hands of his Countrymen. ' He is to inform them that we are resolved to break off the treat of peace since they have been so false unto us in the conditions cited therein. They frequent our plantations, pressed upon our house contrary to the first and principal Article, kill our hogs & cattle, and do "iniuries" to our men hunting in the woods.
McIlwaine 1979B:484	Gov. & Commissioners	Commission	20 March 1628 court	Trade			Gov. signed "Comcons" to trade w/ the Indians in the bay & rivers.
McIlwaine 1979B:172	English captives & Indians	Court	24 April 1628 James City	Plan			Indians at Pasbehayes sent a piece of bark with writing from English captives held at Pamunky. Plan regarding rescue of these captives was discussed. Need to learn where the Indians plant their corn and "make them somewhat secure of us" in order to live more quietly. Opportunity for revenge for their treachery but no peace or dishonorable treaty is to be made w/ them, nor shall any of them come to our plantations.
McIlwaine 1979B:483	Court	Order	30 April 1628 court	Proclamation			Powder not to be spent at meetings, drinkings, marriages & entertainment because "a warr is expected with Indns. next spring" like it happened last summer.
McIlwaine 1979B:484	English captives & Indians	Order	12 Aug. 1628 court	Proclamation			Several Englishmen taken prisoners by the Indians. Peace is to be made until these Englishmen are delivered. It is to be known that the Indians are not to be taken as friends but care must be taken as if they are enemies in actual war.
McIlwaine 1979B:198	Court & Indians	Message	1629 James City	Compensation			In view of the massacre of Mr. Pooly & 4 men w/ him and the fact that an Indian came among us contrary to agreement. Sent him back w/o harm to the great King w/ our strict warning, etc. From now on, Indians come to the Governor or commander — they had been instructed to come to an appointed place at Pasbyhey. Even though the Indians have not followed the rules, we have not yet "offered them any violence but haue vsed them well and Courteously notwthstading all wch they ha[ve] killed five of our men." We demand satisfaction from their King for the theft of hoes, killing of hogs and other damage. If he refuses, then we shall avenge the deaths of the five men and repair "wrongs." In addition, Robert __ is to be an interpreter in court between the Indians "until next Christmas (?)" for 1,000 lbs. tobo.
McIlwaine 1979B:484	Gov. & Commissioners	Order	July (or 6 Nov.) 1629	Plans			Gov. gave Comcons. to go agst. the Indians according to order of court 9th instant & "utterly destroy them." The commander also has power in punishing them, etc. as the King's Comcon. shall give him.
McIlwaine 1915:52-53	Court	Order	16 Oct. 1629 court	Plans & Defense			The commanders of several plantations are given authority by the governor to employ men agst. the Indians if they assault the English or to clear the woods in order to see Indians more clearly if they come near the plantations. Several marches are also to be conducted for the months of November, December, March, June, July or August. The plantations are to "doe all manner of spoile and offence to the Indians that may be possibly bee effected." The plantations at Accawmacke shall assist them agst. the Pamunky Indians in the summer w/ "every fit man out of the inhabitants."
McIlwaine 1915:53	Court	Order	16 Oct. 1629 court	Maintenance of Indians			Three Indians who reside here are to be maintained by the "general charge of the whole colony."
McIlwaine 1979B:480	Court & Indians	Document	9 Jan. 1632 court	Minutes			"...mischiefs done by said Indians & every 20th man sent to Ply wth 'em."
McIlwaine 1979B:480	Governor & Chickahominy Indians	Court	14 June 1632 court	Minutes			"Govr. to Ply with Chickahominy Indians."
McIlwaine 1979:480	Pamunky & Chickahominy Indians	Court	30 7ber 1632 court	Minutes			A "peace" w/ "pamunkys" and "Chicka. Indians but a pcl issues not to Ply wth or trust them."
McIlwaine 1979B:480	Indians & Englishmen	Court	5 June 1633 court	Minutes			"Two men ordd to serve ye Governor each a month for dealing & Pling wth Indians & to give each witness against them a daies work."
McIlwaine 1979B:480	Governor	Exchange	31 Aug. 1633 court	Land			500 acres of land at Archers Hope is given by the Governor in exchange for 500 acres at Powhatan's Swamp, near Powhatan's Tree.
McIlwaine 1979B:481	Court	Order	1634 court	Minutes			Lieutenants to be appointed the same as in England & in a more "especial manner to take care of ye warr agt Indians."
McIlwaine 1979B:484	Indians	Order	July 1634 court [?]	War			Several "Com's" to go to war w/ the Indians, "our irreconcilable enemies in July 1634."
McIlwaine 1979B:481	Court	Order	29 April 1635 court	Minutes			During vacancy of the governor, the secretary...should manage "ye affairs of the Indians."
McIlwaine 1979B:483	Nicholas ffarrar	Will	8 April 1640 James City	Minutes			Will in London: Gave a stock of £300 sterling- the interest to be pd to anyone who would bring up 3 Indian children in learning & Christianity.
McIlwaine 1979B:478	Arthur Price & Indian	Court	23 June 1640 court	Complaint			Price complained and believed that the Indian, who once lived w/ Mr. Anthony Panton, is the one who stole his gun, pair of breeches & shirt. Price has right to detain in his custody the next Indian who comes to his house & inform the Indian his knowledge of that Indian who stole these items — until they be brought back by that Indian.
McIlwaine 1979B:478	John Burton & Indian	Court	23 June 1640 court	Complaint			Burton killed an Indian he thought was the one who stole his goods, but this was not the case. Since much danger may arise to Burton or the other English from some revenge for the death of this particular Indian, Burton shall remove his habitation out of this county where he now liveth and pay a fine 20 lbs. sterling to stay committed and security for good behavior.
McIlwaine 1979B:478	John Burton & Indian	Petition	23 June 1640 court	Fine			Burton fined 20 lbs. sterling last Saturday for his contempt in killing of an Indian. Petition for remission to the board- "some of his great men" interceded to the board on Burton's behalf and stated that they are satisfied concerning the same. Court therefore remitted fine, provided he enters recognizance for good behavior. [Note: footnote #58 indicated that the Indian leader might be Opechancanough.]
McIlwaine 1979B:478	Accomack Indians & Philip Taylor	Order	15 Dec. 1640 court	Patent			Patent granted to Accomack Indians for 1500 acres of land lying upon the easternmost shore of the seaboard side. A new survey to be done, including Taylor's 200 acres, which is not to be infringed. After survey is completed, patent is to be made for the Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:477	Nicholas ffarrar, Mr. George Menefie, Esqr., Capt. William Perry & Indian boy	Court	31 March 1641 court	Education & maintenance			An Indian boy of the county of Tappahannock was presented by Mr. George Menefie to court. For ten years he was brought up among the English by Capt. William Perry (dec'd.) and Menefie, and is well instructed in the principles of religion, reading and writing per instructions of Nicholas ffarrar of London's will. Menefie wishes to obtain certificate for the better support of Indian boy & instruction. Court granted 8 lbs. per annum for allowance and 24 lbs. for maintenance of youth on 10 June 1640 at James City.
McIlwaine 1915:70	Court	Order	1 July 1642 James City	Peace			General Assembly: The settling of peace w/ friendship w/ the Indians "by mutual capitulation and articles" are agreed, concluded and put in writing after much editorial work.
McIlwaine 1979B:499	Court	Trade	6 Oct. 1642 court	Comission			Commission granted to trade in the bay.
McIlwaine 1979B:500	Court & Indian boy	Permission	10 Oct. 1642 court	Education			Permission to keep an Indian boy and instructing him in the Christian religion.
McIlwaine 1979B:500	Court	Order	1 June 1643 court	Trade			General order: persons cannot trade w/ the Indians w/o commission.
McIlwaine 1979B:501	Court	Order	30 April 1644 court	Order			Particular directions given for marching against the Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:501	Court	Order	May 1644 court	Estates			Matters concerning the cattle & goods and servants of persons lately slain by the Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:501	Court	Order	June 1644 court	March			Provisions for various marches against the Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:501	Court	Opinion	June 1644 court	March			Claiborne's opinion is different from the others regarding the "propriety of War upon the Indians between the Rappahannock and Potomac.'
McIlwaine 1979B:501	Court	Plan	June 1644 court	Prisoners			Many prisoners taken among the Indians. Need to decide what course should be persued.
McIlwaine 1979B:501	Court	Army	29 June-4 Aug. 1644	Militia			"Pticulars of the return of the Pamunky army and about raising another army."
McIlwaine 1979B:502	Court	Order	6 July 1644 court	March			Claiborne, general of the Pamunkey march, requested provisions.
McIlwaine 1979B:502	Court	Session	10 Aug.1644 court	March			Meeting of "lieutenants and deputy lieutenants and 50 soldiers levied to march against the Chickahomonies."
McIlwaine 1979B:502	Court	Order	3 Sept. 1644 court	Attack			"Authority" to go "against the corn" of the Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:502	Court	Order	23 Oct. 1644 court	March			More soldiers to be levied and prepared to go agst. the Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:502	Court	Order	3 Dec. 1644 court	Attack			Lt. Nicholas Stillwell is permitted to "go against the Indians."
McIlwaine 1979B:502	Court	Order	20 Jan. 1644 [sic] court	Defense			Men, powder and shot to be sent to "middle plantation" to defend the forest.
McIlwaine 1979B:563	Capt. Claiborne, court, Pamunkey and Rappahannock Indians	Order	Feb. 1644/5 court	March			Court made further arrangements for Capt. Claiborne to conduct another march against the Pamunkeys on York River. He is to "treat the Rappahannocks or any other Indians not in amity with Opechancanough" with respect to "serving the country against the Pamunkeys."
McIlwaine 1979B:564-565	Sir William Berkeley, Kemp & Indians, et al.	Order	7 June-9 Aug. 1645 court	Indians shipped overseas			Upon his return from England, Sir William Berkeley took up the work laid out by Kemp; "prosecuted the expedition against the Indians, designated for the 10^th of July; and took several prisoners. On 9 August, it was decided that all prisoners over the age of eleven shall be shipped to the Western Island on Sir William Berkeley's ship. This is to prevent their return and strengthen "their respective tribes." In addition, Lt. Nicholas Stillwell, "an active and intrepid forest ranger," is to have increased forces against the "savage enemy." Berkeley also declined to help Maryland's request for help, citing his own "daily opposition by the Indians" which made such assistance impossible.
McIlwaine 1915:90	Court & Tottopottomoy	Order	1653	Claim			During last Assembly, the land in York River desired by Tottopottomoy, was discussed further and is to remain in force as formerly. He is to live on the same but if he leave it, then the land is to "devolve" to Col. Willaim Clayborne according to an order of court. Clayborne to make clear which of the two choices of land he preferred in the next court, and Capt. John West w/ Mr. William Hockaday are to give a "safe conduct" to Tottopottomoy and his Indians for "their coming to towne and his returne home." In addition, the commissioners of York are required to remove persons who are seated upon the land of the Pamunkey or Chickahominy Indians according to a late Act of Assembly to that purpose. Col. John Fludd also go to Tottopottomoy to "examine" the business proceedings and deliver it upon oath.
McIlwaine 1915:91	Court	Order	1653	Indemnity			An act of "indempnitie" shall be granted to all who have "lent gunns to the Indians." Any offender w/ proof hereafter shall suffer "severely" according to aforesaid act.
McIlwaine 1979B:503	Court & Totapotamoy, Indian	Order	7 June 1654 court	Complaint			Totapotamoy complained that his brother was slain by an Englishman.
McIlwaine 1979B:504	Court	Order	3 Oct. 1654 court	Complaints			Complaints "Orders upon complaints by the indians."
McIlwaine 1979B:504	Court	Order	6 June 1656 court	Land			Land is not deserted until three years after removal of Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:505	Court	Order	8 Oct. 1656 court	Hunting			"Where Indians may hunt."
McIlwaine 1979B:505	Samuel Mathews, Gov. & Indians	Order	27 April 1657 court	Complaint			Complaint lodged against the "Nessan (?) Indians." Soldiers to be raised.
McIlwaine 1979B:505	Court	Order	6 June 1657 court	Case	An Indian		Case of Indian servant.
McIlwaine 1979B:505	Court	Order	7 Oct. 1657 court	Sale			Case concerning the sale of powder to Indians. Party bound over.
McIlwaine 1979B:505	Court	Order	12 Oct. 1657 court	Servant			Indians who are detaining a servant are to be arrested.
McIlwaine 1979B:505	Court	Order	13 Oct. 1657 court	Hunting			Orders permitting persons who want to keep Indians for hunting.
McIlwaine 1979B:506	Court	Order	17 March 1657/8 court	Protection			Destruction of our friends, the Indians, are to be prevented.
Hening (II) 1823:34	Harquip, Mangai of the Chickahomini	Petition	23 March 1660/1 James City	Lands			Harquip, Mangai of the Chickahomini Indians, wanted to have all the lands from Mr. Malory's boundaries to the head of the Mattaponi River and into woods per patent. He also desired that no Englishman will disturb or purchase the same unless the majority of the "great men" shall "freely and voluntarily" give consent in the quarter court or assembly.
Hening (II) 1823:35 [Also in McIlwaine 1914:12.]	Major General Manwaring Hamond & Chickahomini Indians	Petition	23 March 1660/1 James City	Lands			A grant has been given to the Chickahomini Indians for certain lands, upon which Major General Manwaring Hamond claims a two-thousand acre devident by patent. He is ordered to purchase the same of the Indians or to procure their consent for the preservation of the "countrey's honour and reputation."
McIlwaine 1914:19	Edward Dennis & Indian town of Chickahomini	Order	23 March 1660/1 James City	Warrant for Dennis			Dennis seated himself in the Indian town of Chickahomini w/o title or claim. Warrant issued by governor for him to appear in court to hear his case of "continuance or removal."
Hening (II) 1823: 39	Chesskoiack Indians	Court	23 March 1660/1 James City	Lands			For the benefit of the country by the Chesskoiack Indians who are "kindly used by us." They are "sensible that with the few gunns they have amongst them, "and that "they cannot prejudice us being a small inconsiderable nation." They shall "quietly hold and enjoy the land" that they live on and have the free use of the guns they now have, notwithstanding any order or order to the contrary. This is to show other Indians "how kind wee are to such who are obedient to our laws."
Hening (II) 1823:39	Harquip, Mangoi of the Chickahomini Indians et al.	Court	23 March 1660/1 James City	Lands			On behalf of himself and other Indians, Harquip on 4 April 1661 acknowledged the sale of a parcel of land located between the cliffs to the little creek by Mr. Philip Mallory. It had been surveyed twice by Lt. Col. Abrahall & James Cole and George Morris containing 743 acres for Mr. Mallory.
McIlwaine 1914:16	King of Mattaponi Indians	Court	23 March 1661/2 James City	Complaint			The King of the Mattaponi Indians made complaint about the burning of his "English house." Lt. Col. Goodridge is to appear in the next quarter court to answer the charge and that the King of the Mattaponi will also be present.
McIlwaine 1914:16	King of Wainoke, Mettapin & Eliz. Short	Court	23 March 1661/2 James City	Freedom			The King of the Wainoke Indians did not have the power to sell Mettapin, a Powhatan Indian, to Elizabeth Short, since he was "of another nation." Mettapin is to be free- the court noted that Mettapin could speak the English tongue perfectly and desired baptism.
McIlwaine 1914:16	Court	Order	23 March 1661/2 James City	Lands			The governor is to grant a commission to look into the matter regarding several claims "made to any part of our neighbouring Indians land." The commission shall confirm just cases while removing other persons who do not. All appeals shall be open for all persons who feel "agreived" by such proceedings.
McIlwaine 1979B:493	Attamahune, great king of Noncottecoe	Deed	27 July 1662 court	Land			Attamahune's deed for a tract of land.
McIlwaine 1979B:508	Court	Order	25 March 1663/4 court	Complaints			Complaints of Pamunkey Indians.
Hening (II) 1823:202-203	Court	Order	13 Sept. 1663 court	Theft by Indians			On the south side of the James River, the Indians have been stealing hogs, tobacco, and the corn out of the fields as well as robbing hedges at night. Neighboring Indians are also "taxed therewith." They said that it is the Tuscarora Indians who are skulking about the English plantations and conducting "underhand dealings" with the English. For these reasons, these Indians cannot come to the English plantations w/o badges, and if found in the house of an Englishman, the Englishman shall pay the penalty of the same value as given to Indians. Half of each party's payment will be given to the informer.
McIlwaine 1979B:508	Court	Order	26 Sept. 1664 court	Lands			Many Indians as possible to be located in one place and enough land laid off for them.
McIlwaine 1979B:508	Court	Order	28 Sept. 1664 court	Compensation			The value of guns taken from the Indians is to be paid to them.
McIlwaine 1979B:509	Court	Order	24 Nov. 1664 court	Interpreter			An interpreter is to live near the Pamunkey Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:509	Court	Order	12 Oct. 1665 court	Patent			Indian is allowed to patent for land.
McIlwaine 1979B:509	Court	Order	19 Oct. 1665 court	Release			Indians on a pirate's ship are declared free.
McIlwaine 1979B:485	Whiteing & Indians	Order	19 Oct. 1665 court	Release			Whiteing brought in Indians who were taken in a Spanish ship. They are declared free and to have their liberties.
McIlwaine 1979B:509	Court	Order	20 Oct. 1665 court	Complaint			Complaint made by the Queen of Pamunky.
McIlwaine 1979B:510	Court	Order	28 March 1666 court	Survey of lands			No land can be surveyed w/in five miles of an Indian town.
McIlwaine 1979B:510	Court	Order	10 July 1666 court	War			Murders by Indians, contrary to treaty of peace, means war of extermination against them.
McIlwaine 1979B:488	Court	Plan	10 July 1666 James City	Attack			For the last four years, many inhabitants have been killed by the Indians-contrary to the articles of peace. Our demands for satisfaction have not been answered. For their breaches of the peace, revenge, and prevent future mischiefs, the towns of Monzation, Nansimond and Port Tobacco w/ the whole nation of Doegs & Potomacks are to be utterly destroyed, if possible. Their women, children & goods shall be taken & disposed of according to Governor's instructions. War to be managed by officers and men as the Governor shall think fit.
McIlwaine 1914: 37	Court	Order	31 Oct. 1666 court	Proposition			Proposition concerning Indians, criminals and attorneys.
McIlwaine 1979B:510	Court	Order	17 April 1668 court	Confirmation			Confirmation of land granted to Pamunky Indians on the north of James River.
McIlwaine 1979B:513	Court	Order	24 Sept. 1668 court	Lands			"Lands delivered up" by Indians "granted over other side."
McIlwaine 1979B:513	Court	Order	23 April 1669 court	Servitude			Indian is brought in to be free after serving five years.
McIlwaine 1979B:230	Henry Newcomb, William Woodward, John Devorax & John King	Court	14 8br. 1670 court	Interpreters			These four men were sworn in court to be interpreters between the Indians & Col. Scarburgh.
McIlwaine 1979B:517	Court	Order	13 Oct. 1670 court	Horse			Horse, saddle & bridle to be given back to Indian.
McIlwaine 1979B:517	Court	Order	13 Oct. 1670 court	Servitude			Indian servant is to be free after serving six years.
McIlwaine 1979B:233	Gawin, Indian & Mr. Thomas Bushrod	Order	18 Oct. 1670 court	Servitude for 6 more years	Gawin		Gawin, servant to Bushrod, is to serve his master for six more years before he is set free.
McIlwaine 1979B:238	Lt. Col. George Jordan vs. Col. Edmond Scarburgh	Order	25 Oct. 1670 court	Complaint			Upon examination and trial of certain misdemeanors shown by Jordan about the Indians and other charges, the Gov. & Council ordered that Scarburgh is to be suspended from all offices, military & civil, until his future obedience and fidelity is assured & restored by Gov.
McIlwaine 1979B:353	Chingoskin Indians & Thomas Harmonson	Order	24 Oct. 1673 court	Survey			Surveyor in Accomack to survey 650 acres of land belonging to the Chingoskin Indians. If Harmonson has run w/in their bounds, the Indians to have possession and Harmonson is to be turned out.
McIlwaine 1979B:361	Col. Abrahall	Order	8 Nov. 1673 court	Investigation			Abrahall is required to look into the death of the Englishman and the Indian lately killed in the premises and make report. Concerned parties also to be present.
McIlwaine 1979B:518	Court	Order	8 Nov. 1673 court				"Justice done to an indian."
McIlwaine 1979B:365	Court & Notoway Indians	Petition	4 April 1674 court	Trespass			The English who have seated w/in the bounds of the Indians' lands mentioned in an Act of Assembly are to "Come offe." No surveyor is to survey any more land w/ their bounds as aforesaid and sheriffs of several counties are to give public notice & prevent such actions.
McIlwaine 1979B:369	Accomack Indians, Mr. Savage & Mr. Harmonson	Order	7 April 1674 court	Patent			Examination of evidence re Indians' claims vs. bounds of Mr. Savage and Mr. Harmonson by four named men. Theyare to send report back to court.
McIlwaine 1979B:370	Court	Order	7 April 1674 court				Indian lands out of "Great care of the Peace and Safety of this Colony," is enacted an act to prevent encroachments upon bounds so assigned, and that it should "not be in the power of any Indian" to "fell or alienate" any of the lands w/in bounds. Such bargains are by act declared null & void. Heard that several persons have eluded the act by taking lease from the Pomunki and Chickahominy Indians. Ordered that no person take any lease from Indians and seat any lands until cases are determined in next Assembly what course should be taken. This is to prevent any "illegal disturbances of the Indians." Sheriffs in all counties to give public notice to that effect.
McIlwaine 1979B:380	Court	Jury	25 Sept. 1674 court	Verdict: "guilty."			Harry, an Indian, was tried in court for stabbing a person. He is to be hanged by the neck until dead.
McIlwaine 1979B:518	Court	Order	25 Sept. 1674 court	Minutes			Indian to be put to death per sentence.
McIlwaine 1979B:381	Court & Accomack Indians, et al.	Order	28 Sept. 1674 court	Land boundaries			These Indians "have always beene in peace with us" and thus is necessary that they are secured in their possessions. Titles of Savage and Indians to be examined and portion of Savage's land to be given to Indians who shall give Savage and his heirs "one yeare of Indian Corne yearly for Acknowledgement." While Harmonson was acquitted from court, Kendall, who had possessed part of Savage's land, is to give good security. He will no longer threaten, disturb or frighten the Indians.
McIlwaine 1979B:384	Court & Major General Wood	Order	29 Sept. 1674 court	Public notice			Sheriffs who border these Indians were ordered to make public the court's order but failed to do so. Major General Wood is ordered to make inquiry to the same and report back to court.
McIlwaine 1979B:400	Nanzaticoe Indians & Thomas Prosseer	Petition	21 Nov. 1674 court	Lands			The Nanzaticoe Indians have deserted their lands laid out for them by Public Authority and have not lived there last two years. Prosser can have the liberty to seat his land within the said bounds if his petition is true.
McIlwaine 1979B:401	Bartholomew Austin & Guardians of Conquest Wyatt	Order	3 March 1674/5 James City	Suit re lands			The named guardians of Conquest Wyatt vs. Austin: The lease let by the Cheskyake Indians to Austin was found to be good and 150 acres of land is to be laid out by the surveyor.
McIlwaine 1914:64	Court	Act	7 March 1675 James City	Defense			"An act for the Safeguard and defence of the Country against the Indians" was discussed along w/ the distribution of 3051 pounds of ammunition for certain forts.
McIlwaine 1914:64	Court	Order	7 March 1675 James City	Protection			Sir William Berkeley is to be protected w/ a standing guard of twenty-four men who shall be paid at the rate of 1,500 lbs. tobo. w/ cask per annum by the public. 24,000 lbs. shall be paid Berkeley if he is willing to accommodate them at Green Spring w/ provisions.
McIlwaine 1914:64	Peracuta & Appomattuck Indians	Petition	7 March 1675 James City	License			The Appomattuck Indians requested that Peracuta, King of the Appomattuck, be given license to plant and clear any land that is not taken up by the English. They also asked that "their old Towne" be "not fired by the English" and that the English not fire into the woods "to the prejudice of those Indians." They wish to fish and gather rushes on the heads of rivers w/o any disturbance, provided that they come unarmed and in a peaceful manner. Lastly, they wished to have liberty grant "to all other, who are ready to give hostages."
McIlwaine 1979B:518	Court	Order	7 Oct. 1675 court	Complaint			Complaint of an Indian against his master.
McIlwaine 197B:425	Benjamin, Indian & Charles Dunn	Order	8 Oct. 1675 court	Complaint			Benjamin the Indian is to return to his master Dunn, but Dunn must appear in next court to answer Benjamin's complaint.
McIlwaine 1979B:425	George & Chickahominy Indians	Order	8 Oct. 1675 court	Estate			Ordered that Interpreter George to the Indians that belong to the Great Munguy & "Charge them to Admitt the Said Munguy into the Same degree he vuse? to be in & Restore him his Estate." If they deny the same, the English shall take it amiss since Munguy has "always" been a "faithful friend to the English."
McIlwaine 1979B:426	John Rawlins & Indian woman	Jury	9 Oct. 1675 court	Murder			John Rawlins, accused of murdering an Indian woman, was acquitted by proclamation since the Jury found "Ignoramus."
McIlwaine 1914:70	Chesecake Indians & Court	Order	20 Feb. 1676 Green Spring	Peace			The Chesecake Indians may "quietly and safely return to, and abide in their townes, and haue and Inioy equall liberty," w/ all other neighboring friende Indians" as long as they conduct themselves submissively and peaceably.
McIlwaine 1979B:450	Mrs. Sarah Kirkman, dau ffrances & Indians	Petition	21 March 1675/6 court	Lands			They cannot seat lands in Potomock, which belonged to her decd husband Mr. Ffrancis Kirkman, because of "Reason of the Warr with ye Indians." She was given seven years' liberty to seat lands.
McIlwaine 1914:107	Court	Order	N.D. [c. 1676?]	Resolutions			Peace to be made w/ the Indians to the best advantage, w/ the exception of the Doegs- the Indians who make peace to be brought in at a convenient time. After they make peace, no one can keep, directly or indirectly, any Indian to hunt or otherwise. Furthermore, 1000 men should be raised for the Indian wars out of the respective counties in this country. Each county is to pay for their soldiers and provisions- this Act was once nullified by the violence of Nathaniel Bacon, but now the Act be provided again to enable payment to soldiers which is "leavyed against the Indians & for their Provision, &c."
McIlwaine 1914:107-108	Inhabitants of James City County to King Charles II	Petition	6 Feb. 1676?	Trade			They formerly had free access "of the Indians amongst us by their painting, & disfiguring themselves not to be knowne" which caused "agrievance." They now desire that there be peace made w/ their neighboring Indians, have clear boundaries and that the Indians who come among them be required to wear badges as formerly provided by the 4^th Act of Assembly in September 1663. They also wish to advance themselves by trading w/ the Indians, but restraint is needed w/ respect to powder, shot and ammunition to the Indians per Act of Assembly in 1665- since the Indians "have bin therewith better p'vided than ourselves." [10 issues enumerated in document.]
McIlwaine 1914:107-108	Inhabitants of James City County to King Charles II	Petition	6 Feb. 1676?				One of the above mentioned 10 issues concerned "several Indian slaves" who were taken by the charge & expense of the whole Cuntry, in the late Indian Warrs, but is in the hands of severall private Psons." Proposal: these Indians should be used only for public, not private, profit.
McIlwaine 1914:69	Court	Order	20 Feb. 1676 Green Spring	War			Each county shall pay for provisions, arms, ammunition, horses, horse furniture, and other necessaries that are raised in their county for the Indian warr.
McIlwaine 1914:69	Court	Order	20 Feb. 1676 Green Spring	Indian prisoners			Soldiers, who have taken or shall take any enemy Indian prisoners or Indian plunder or goods, shall be under "a lawful Comand" that they keep all "such Indian Slaues, or other Indian goods," as they have taken or shall take, to their proper use. This is for "their better Encouragment to such service."
McIlwaine 1914:89-90	Queen of Pamunky	Petition	20 Feb. 1676 Green Spring	List of proposals			The Queen of Pamunky made a number of petitions: 1) that her lands restored to her, provided that she shall comply w/ the Acts of Assembly made last March and other injunctions as these arise by the Grand Assembly; 2) that her Indians may not be entertained or employed by the English; 3) that the goods be restored to her which she had left at her "Towne" when "shee fledd" and were taken away by the English; 4) that not too many of her Indians be required on service at once; 5) that any of her Indians who are now employed in the English service may have the plunder they get from other Indians; 6) that liberty be given to gather bark from trees on any man's land to build cabins; 7) that they be given permission to hunt on the frontier lands and plantations; 8) that they be given liberty to fish at Powhite; 9) that her Indians not be abused by the English; and 10) that liberty also be given to redeem her Indians and goods. Responses of the court: 1) provided that she complay w/ the Acts of Assembly made last March & other injunctions, it is thought "reasonable" that her lands be restored; 2) no Englishman shall under any pretense employ any of her Indians to hunt or entertain them in their houses above one night w/o certificate from her or by pcuremt since the penality is 30 lbs. tobo. for each night any Indian is entertained; 3) what goods can be found shall be restored and she is obligated to deliver all the horses and goods taken that she or any of her Indians took from the English; 4) no more than one-third of her Indians shall be required regarding service; 5) all Indians employed in the country's service shall have what plunder they can get from other Indians except for horses, arms & ammunition- these are to be returned to the Governor or some other authority; 6) she shall first have leave from the owners of such land to gather the bark; 7) she can hunt on the frontier lands once she has delivered her hostages according to Act, & her other Indians can hunt or walk the same, but not painted; 8) she and her Indians can fish in all "convenient places" as long as they first give notice to Capt. William Bird or others in the area; 9) if the English abuse them, they are to have recourse to the Justice of the Peace whose warrant may command the offender or offenders to court and redress the injury; and 10) if she can, she can have the liberty to redem her Indians and goods, and if she cannot, then the court shall determine the matter.
McIlwaine 1914:115	Queen of Pamunkie	Petition	10 Oct. 1677 court	Lands			The Queen of Pamunkie petitioned to have confirmation of the lands she sold to several of the English for certain payments "in part thereof." Since this is not consistant w/ the Laws of the country or beneficial for the public good & safety, the English purchasers are required to come to court to make good their claims. Those w/ no valid claims shall lose the benefits or payments in connection w/ such claims. Until then, the Queen is not to be molested or have proceedings against her in any way.
McIlwaine 1979B:520	Court	Plan	27 Nov. 1678 court	Sentence & plan			Sentence given for a violent assault upon an Indian. If Indian invasions continue, then war is to be "vigorously" carried out.
McIlwaine 1979B:520	Court	Order	23 Jan. 1679/80 court	Indian problems			Concerning murders committed by Indians and existence of prisoners. Provisions need to be provided for the future.
McIlwaine 1925:40	Court & Indians	Order	13 March 1682 court				Indians shall not come to "Town" at the expense of the counties, except for emergencies.
McIlwaine 1925:488-489	Court & Indians	Court	10 May 1682 court				The present state of the country is extremely poor and forces kept in pay to prevent sudden mischiefs. The people propose that the Indian's trade should be confined under the Governor's direction to two persons of integrity and ability for five years. No Indians should be slaves that "the Bounds of the Country may not be encroacht on as had been attempted by the Md. and N.C. governors."
McIlwaine 1979A:41	Court	Order	8 Xbris 1682 court	Acts			"An Act declaring Indian women servants tythable" and "An Act repealing a former Law making Indians and others free."
McIlwaine 1925:53	Court, Mattapony Towne & Chickahominy Fort	Order	21 Nov. 1683 James City	Indian forts			The Senecas have made "great Spoiles" on the "stocks" of this Government, "riffled" a number of houses, reduced and took the Mattapony Indian Town. At present, they are besieging the Chickahominy Fort. Col. Wm. Byrd is to to either the "Chicahominy or Rappa: Indian Fort" to treat w/ them.
McIlwaine 1914:205	Court	Order	1 May 1684 court	Defense			Question concerns whether the militia officers & soldiers should perform their duties to the utmost w/o pay. Court decreed that they should defend their county to their "utmost power and strength" w/o any allowance from the public for the same.
McIlwaine 1914:233-234	Lord Effingham	Order	16 May 1684 court	Instructions			The issues concerning Indian affairs are the most important concerning the security of the country. Since they were not satisfied w/ his "last well grounded Resolution," they are now instructed to conduct a conference w/ the Council as he shall appoint and that they also nominate to him the names of some members to the house. There is to be no further delay since Indian matters must be quickly resolved. Names are given to Effingham as requested.
McIlwaine 1914:234	Court	Order	19 May 1684 court	Amendment to bill			Words "vizt either in burning or forcible entring into our houses or by killing maiming or Carrying away any of ye Inhabitants" are to be inserted between lines 14 and 15 in the bill concerning defense of the country. Bill read three times in court, assented and now sent up to the Governor & Council.
McIlwaine 1925:79	Gov. & Council, George Smith & Successor to the Queen of Pomunkey	Order	1 July 1686 at house of Col. Nathaniel Bacon	Succession & loss of Indians			George Smith, interpreter to the Pomunkey Indians, stated that the Queen of Pomunkey was "lately dead" and the Indians wanted her neice to be the next ruler. The Queen's neice and great men are to come to the Governor at James City. The "Indian Harries wife, being a Pomunkey Indian," is to attend as well to state what she knows of the fate of her husband and other Indians lost "from Col. Byrd's." Smith also to find out what happened to these Indians.
McIlwaine 1925:134-135	Gov. & Council & Chickahominy Indians	Act	24 Oct. 1690 court	Lands			Several persons have purchased & taken leave of Chickhominy Indians to live on the land at Pamunkey Neck. Land was given to the Chickahominies by the Order of Assembly in 1660. These persons are to leave, remove their stocks, etc. Otherwise, their houses built w/in the last three years shall be burnt after the last of January.
McIlwaine 1925:146-147	William Duckingfield, Tuskaroo & Maherin Indians & Daniel Pugh	Complaint & Deposition	26 Jan. 1690/1 York Courthouse	Illegal shipping of Indians			Deposition of William Duckingfield: A Maherin Indian informed the Tuskaroo Indians that their two missing men were not killed by the English but that a Daniel Pugh of Nansimond County had sent four of them to Barbadoes and "other Islands." The Tuskaroo threaten revenge but agree to have Duckingfield talk to the Governor on their behalf to prevent the English warring on them if attacked by them. They shall see the Governor themselves in warmer weather. Pugh is ordered to come to court to answer complaint.
McIlwaine 1925:157-158	Thomas Tyler, Indians & Daniel Pugh	Deposition	19 Feb. 1690/1 James City	Indians on ship			Thomas Tyler, Master of the Brigantine Swallow of Barbadoes: He carried out two Indians last year as per instructions and bill of Lading signed to Daniel Pugh of Nansimond County for these Indians. Pugh has absconded and sheriff is to find & take him into custody.
McIlwaine 1914:343	Appamatack Indian Queene	Petition	24 April 1691 court	To dwell among the English			The "Appamatack Indian Queene" petitioned on the behalf of her people and herself to suffer to dwell "among the English." This request was referred to the Governor & Council, read and then sent to "the Committee of grievances & propositions."
McIlwaine 1914:343	Nicholas Witherington	Petition	24 April 1691 court	Claim			Witherington's claim for 980 lbs. tobo. regarding "ferriage of Indians over James River" is read in court and referred to the Committee for Public Claims.
McIlwaine 1914:343	Thomas Busbey	Petition	24 April 1691 court	Payment			Busbey's request for "allowance as interpreter to the Southern Indians to be levyed" so that no deduction is made for cask. Read in court and referred to the Committee of Propositions.
McIlwaine 1914:343	Chicohomimy Indians	Petition	24 April 1691 court	Lands			The Chicohominy Indians' petition to continue living on the land "of Mr. Ben. Arnold" is read in court and also given to the Committee of Propositions.
McIlwaine 1914: 349, 353-354	Court & Indians	Order	5, 7 & 9 May 1691 court	Bill			A bill concerning free trade with the Indians is read in court for the second and third time, and passed.
McIlwaine 1979A:141	Court	Order	8 & 9 May 1691 court	Bill			"A Bill for a ffree trade with Indians."
McIlwaine 1914:359	Court	Order	14 May 1691 court	Bill			Bill concerning free trade w/ Indians was sent to the Council for concurrence and then received w/ a proposal of a clause to be added. The bill w/ the clause sent back to the Council, who agreed to it.
McIlwaine 1979A:144	Court	Order	14 May 1691 court	Bill			"A Bill for a free trade with ye Indians, to which they adhered with ye Several additions."
McIlwaine 1979A:179	Court	Order	16 March 1692 court	Trade			Clerk of the General Assembly is ordered "to carry the following Answer to the Address about the Instruction for the Free trade with the Indians to the house of Burgesses." He is also to carry the answer to the above address.
McIlwaine 1979A:181-183	Court	Order	23, 24 & 28 March 1692 court	Bill re hogs			A Bill which concerned hogs belonging to the Indians was read in court three times, and agreed to, "as Sent."
McIlwaine 1914:426	Committee	Order	16 March 1692/3 court	Propositions			1) No persons shall be admitted to go out to trade but only at certain times and places in every county for the Indians to bring in their "trucke." This became the 9^th Act of Assembly. 2) Each town or nation of Indians shall receive certain marks for their hogs to prevent theft. 3) No English person shall trade, deal or receive any pork from any Indian w/o proper mark, the penalty being 1,000 lbs. of tobo. This is in connection w/ the 6^th Act of Assembly made in 1674 regarding the same. Dispute lies in what county court should assign the marks to the "Weynonokes & Notoway Indians." And 4) A clause is to be inserted in the bill authorizing Surry County court to assign a particular mark for hogs of the "Weyonoakes & Notoway Indians."
McIlwaine 1914:427-428	E. Andros	Document	16 March 1692/3	Request granted			Free trade w/ the Indians, "preferring ye particular benefit of their people" before any advantage that might "accrew unto them by restraining said Trade" is granted. This would be beneficial for the colony.
McIlwaine 1914: 433-434, 436	Court	Order	20-22 March 1692/3 court	Hogs			Bill concerning the marking of Indians' hogs read three times in court and passed. The title of the bill shall be "An Act Concerning Indians hogs."
McIlwaine 1979A:184	Court	Order	29 March 1693 court	Clerk & bill re hogs			The clerk of the General Assembly shall carry the bill concerning the Indians' hoggs to the House of Burgesses "endorst thus."
McIlwaine 1914:442	Court	Order	30 March 1693	Hogs			Bill concerning the Indians' hogs were delivered at table and then returned from the Court w/o any further amendments.
McIlwaine 1979A:189	Court	Order	3 April 1693 court	Act			"The honoble Councill have been pleased with the Burgesses to agree upon severall Acts which they have Judged Conducible to the Peace Defence and Welfare of this their Mas. Dominion...": "2. An Act concerning Indians hoggs."
McIlwaine 1979A:189	Court	Order	3 April 1693 court	Act			[Same as above but with] "6. An Act for continueing the Rangers at the heads of the four great Rivers."
McIlwaine 1914:454	Comittee	Report	16 Oct. 1693 court	Defense			The Committee's report concerns a proposal that the Rangers at "the heads of Great Rivers" be continued.
McIlwaine 1914:460	Queen of Weyonoake	Petition	21 Oct. 1693 court	Hogs			Queen of Weyonoake and her Indians would like to have two years' time to kill & dispose of their hogs, which at present are under another mark than what was assigned lately by Surry County Court. Petition read in court and referred to the Committee of Public Claims for consideration.
McIlwaine 1914:465	Queen of Weyonoake	Petition	25 Oct. 1693 court	Resolutions			Resolutions to the Queen of Weyonoake's petition are read twice, both before the committee and the court, before being agreed to by the house. They are to add a clause to the Act made at the last Assembly to mention "the same for liberty to ye Weyonoake Indians to kill & dispose of their hogs under ye marke they now are until the last of January 1694."
McIlwaine 1914:474	Court & Indians	Order	30 Oct. 1693 court	Bill			Bill read in court about Indians for the first time.
McIlwaine 1914:473 & 476	Court	Order	31 Oct. 1693 court	Bill			A bill which declared "Negroes, Moores, Molattoes, & Indian slaves" read in court three times and passed.
McIlwaine 1914:475-476	Court	Order	31 Oct. & 1 Nov. 1693 court	Bill			Bill concerning Indians was read in court three times, amended and passed.
McIlwaine 1979A:198	Court	Order	1 Nov. 1693 court	Act			Readings in court of "An Act for Continuing the Rangers att the heads of the four greate Rivers."
McIlwaine 1979A:198, 203	Court	Order	1 & 2 Nov. 1693 court	Act			"An Act declaring Negros, Moores Molatto's & Indian Slaues" read in court more than once.
McIlwaine 1979A:198, 199, 205	Court	Order	1 & 14 Nov. 1693 court	Act			"An Act Concerning Indians" read aloud in court three times.
McIlwaine 1925:320	Court & Chickohomony Indians	Petition	25 Oct. 1694 court	Lands			The lands on the north side of the Mattapony River in King & Queen County are so poor that it will no longer yield corn or wood for the Chickahomonies to survive. They pray to have a tract called Quaynohomock that "lye's over against them in Pomunkey Neck, not Improved and formerly theirs."
McIlwaine 1913:72	Thomas Blunt & William Stone	Petitions	2 Oct. 1696 court	Allowances			Blunt, as interpreter to the Indians on the south side of the James River, asked for allowance for his services. Stone had served the Pamunkey Indians as their interpreter and now requested allowance.
McIlwaine 1913:72	Giles Webb and George Mason	Petition	2 Oct. 1696 court	Allowance			As captains for 2 months' worth of service of the "18 Additional Rangers," they also requested allowance.
McIlwaine 1913: 73, 75-76, 78, 82	Court	Order	2, 3, 5, 7,10 Oct. 1696 court	Bill			Bill concerning giving rewards to Indians for killing wolves: the Council agreed w/ the bill, but added one amendment. The same is agreed by the house and made into a bill.
McIlwaine 1979A: 235-237, 244	Court	Order	5, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 13 & 31 Oct. 1696 court	Bill & Act			Readings of "A bill giving a reward to Indians for Killing of Wolves" in court. At one of the last readings, "some amendments assented it." The bill was then presented as final and assented by the House of Burgesses on the 13^th.
Duvall 1957:21-22 [Ambler Ms. #65]	William Sherwood	Will	18 Aug. 1697	Freedom & 50s Ster.			"My Indian woman Dorothy Jubille to be free Immediately after my decease being satisfied she is no slave and in full of corn and clothes I give her fifty shill. Sterl."
McIlwaine 1913:105	Indian troubles	Investigation	25 Oct. 1697 court	Murder			Two Indians at Apamatucke were questioned and cleared about the murder of an Englishman from South Carolina by some unknown Indians near Roanoke River. These same two Indians were later killed that evening by other Indians w/in our settlements and habitations.
McIlwaine 1927:41	Gov. & Council & Indian tribes	Investigation	22 Feb. 1699 James City	Indian peace treaty			Court learned that the Great Men of the Nottoway, Meheren, Nansemund, Pamunkey, Chickahomini, Rappahanock, and Nantiatico Indians intended to make peace w/ some foreign Indians w/o the knowledge or consent of the Gov. & Council. Indians confessed that they had designed a Treaty of Peace w/ the Tawittawayes & others & each had prepared a Peake belt (being the token that usually passes between them when they desire a treaty of peace). The Nantiaticos planned to take these to the foreign Indians but since the Gov. & Council are not pleased, they shall not do so. Interpreters to tell each of the nations that the next time they pay their tributes, they shall get back the peake belts.
McIlwaine 1925:415	Court & Indians	Court	25 Feb. 1698/9 court	Tribute			Indian interpreters on 1^st of May to bring several nations of Indians in order to pay tribute to his Excellency at Middle Plantation. They to bring some of the "best and most active of the youth of their severall nations" with "their bowes and arrows."
McIlwaine 1979A:261	Court	Order	8 May 1699 court	Clerk & proceedings			Clerk of the General Assembly is ordered "to carry all the papers concerning the Rangers, Indians and their trade to the House of Burgesses."
McIlwaine 1979A:261	Court	Order	9 May 1699 court	Complaint			The complaints of the Queen of Pamunky and other Indian nations are to be referred to the consideration of an appointed committee, which will hear & determine the disputes and controversies with respect to claims & titles to land on Pamunky Neck and south side of Blackwater Swamp. Their opinion to be reported.
McIlwaine 1979A:262	Thomas Davis & Indians	Petition	11 May 1699 court	Allowance			Davis' petition for an allowance to bring Indians & their interpreter over the James river is read aloud by the House of Burgesses for consideration.
McIlwaine 1979A:262	George Ivie et al.	Petition	11 May 1699 court	Allowance			Ivie's request for the repeal of the Act of Assembly agst. the English marrying w/ negroes, Indians or molattoes is read & referred to the House of Burgesses for consideration.
McIlwaine 1979A:262	Committee, Queen of Pamunky and Robert Peasley	Court	12 May 1699 court	Complaint & Interpreter			The Queen of Pamunky complained that several of the English have encroached upon the "Libertyes of her people Contrary to the Articles of Peace" and other Orders of the General Court. Committee requested their Excellency to have two or three great men of the Pamunky Indians & their interpreter to attend and show the said Articles of Peace and Orders as the basis for their complaint. Robert Peasely, "the Indian Interpreter," is to get & bring these great men as soon as possible to James City to prosecute the same and that Peasely is to be w/them.
McIlwaine 1913:169, 172	Court	Order	19 May 1699 court	Bill			A bill declaring whether "the Negroes, Mulatto or Indian Woemen" are bond or free for tithables. Read in court, debated, and passed in the afirmative.
des Cognets 1981:62 [Title Upon Indian Leases]	Pamunkey Indians & Council	Articles of the Peace and 136^th Act of Assembly	June 1699 court	Claims			Titles & claims of the Pamunkey to be null & void due to the true intent of the Articles of Peace and the 136^th Act of Assembly. Moreover, the peopling of the colony as well as the claims of many people for lands would improve the colony for the King.
des Cognets 1981:66	Drammacho Mongy, Ruler of Chickahominy	Pamunkey Neck and Blackwater Land (Claims)	2 June 1699 court	Petition			Drammacho Mongy, chief Ruler of the Chickahominy, petitioned that lands in Pamunkey Neck should, by the Articles of Peace May 1677, belong to them. Any sales they had should be confirmed. The Committee rejected the claim on the grounds that only land "within 3 miles of the Indian Town was Indian property." Sales made by them are thus null & void, except in cases for lands they hold by his Majesties' subjects by exchange and confirmed.
McIlwaine 1927:22	Mr. Robert Peasely, Mr. Marshall, the Chickahominy, Pamunkey, et al.	Order	2 Nov. 1699 James City	Interpreter & Indians			Peasely, interpreter to the Indians in the northern parts of the colony to bring to court on the 10^th of Nov. the following Indians: Mr. Marshall, a Pamunkey Indian of the Pamunkeys, Chickahominyes, Rapppahanocks, and Nantiaticoes- twogreat men of each Nation. Peasely also to find two Nottoway Indians who went to the northern parts and bring them to court. He himself must also be present in court.
McIlwaine 1927: 154	John Ide & Thomas Bage	Court	April 1700 court	Murder			John Ide, condemned for the murder of Thomas Bage of Surry County, was executed.
McIlwaine 1927:104	Court & Emperor of Pomonker Indians, et al.	Conference	4 Sept. 1700 James City				By command of his Excellency of Md.: Phillip Hoskins & William Dent, Esqrs. of Md. & the Emperor of Pomonker Indians in a conference.
McIlwaine 1927:226	Court & Drammacho, Ruler of the Chicahominies	Order	12 March 1701 court	Petition re lands			Drammacho, Munguy & Ruler of the Chicahominy Indians, on his and his people's behalf, on matters of land. Interpreter to bring them to court and a copy of their petition be sent to the sheriff of King & Queen County.
McIlwaine 1927:148	Court, Nanzsemond & Pomonkey Indians	Complaint	10 June 1701 court	Indian captives			Nanzemond Indians complained that the Pomonkey Indians had carried away two of their men. Court wishes to promote amity, peace, etc. & prevent feuds. Ordered that the interpreter of the Pomonkeys to have them surrender these two captives and return them to their own Nation.
McIlwaine 1979A:298	Thomas Blunt	Petition	14 Aug. 1701 & 24 Sept. 1701 courts	Salary			Blunt, an interpreter to the Nottoway & Nansemond Indians, petitioned for a salary, which was read in court and referred to the House of Burgesses.
McIlwaine 1913:285	Pamunkey & Chickahominy Indians	Order	4 Sept. 1701 court	Claims & Lands			The chain carriers and ax men who laid out the lands for the Pamunkey Indians make claim for their work. Committee for Public Claims shall add the expenses to their book concerning claims. In addition, the Chickahmominy Indians are to enjoy the same priviledges and immunities like the Pamunkey Indians and that they will have land laid out for them in Pamunkey Neck between the branches of Herring Creek. This is in accordance w/ the Articles of Peace made on 29 May 1677.
McIlwaine 1913:169, 172	Court & Pamunkey Indians	Order	4 Sept. 1701 court	Lands			It appeared that the said lands are contained w/in the boundaries of Pamunkey Indians' land. Resolved that a patent should be issued to the Pamunkey Indiuans and their posterity for their lands according to a survey made by Mr. James Ming. Ming is to be paid 3,292 lbs. tobo. for laying out the Pamunkey Indian lands. The same is to be entered to the book of reports of the Committee for Public Claims.
McIlwaine 1913:.285	Pamunkey & Chickahominy Indians	Order	4 Sept. 1701 court	Claims & Bill			Mr. Robert Beverley is to examine the claims for services done in behalf of the Pamunkey & Chickahominy Indians. A bill for the "Quieting the Possessions of the Several persons Seated w/in the bounds of the land" which was laid out for the Pamunkey Indians is considered and prepared. The Chickahominy Indians also shall live on the lands once the lands are laid out.
McIlwaine 1913:290	Two strange Indians	Order	6 Sept. 1701 court	Deportation			Two strange Indians, prisoners sent by Mr. Peter ffield, are considered enemies of this Government. They are to be guarded, brought down and sent to Barbadoes.
McIlwaine 1913:291	Pamunkey Indians and Enemies	Orders	9 Sept. 1701 court	Bills			Bill concerning the quieting of lands w/in the bounds of land laid out for the Pamunkey Indians are read three times and resolved. The other bill, concerning the strengthening of frontiers and discovery of "the approaches of an Enemy" also read in court for the third time.
McIlwaine 1979A:306, 308, 313	Court & Pamunky Indians	Order	9, 10, 12 & 23 Sept. 1701	Bill			"A bill for Quieting ye possescon of Sevll persons Seated Within ye bounds of ye Land laid out for ye Pamonky Indians" is read a number of times in court before it is passed.
McIlwaine 1979A:306	Court	Order	10 Sept. 1701 court	Clerk & Proceedings			Proceedings agst. the "Two Strange Indians Prisoners" and rest of papers and charges are to be carried by the clerk of the General Assembly to the House of Burgesses for their consideration and how the charge shall be paid.
McIlwaine 1979A:308	Court	Order	12 Sept. 1701 court	Defense			House of Burgesses agreed w/ the amendment concerning "an Act or the better Strengthening the ffrontiers, and discovering ye Approaches of an Enimie."
McIlwaine 1979A:308, 313, 324-325	Court	Bill	12, 23 Sept. and 1, 2 Oct. 1701 court	Lands			Bill entitled "An Act for Quieting ye Possession of severall Persons seated wthin ye bounds of ye Land Laid out for ye Pamunkey Indians" read three times and now is agreed to by the Council and ordered to pass w/o any amendments.
McIlwaine 1979A:325	Court & Governor	Bill	2 Oct. 1701 court	Lands			Governor objected to the above referenced bill, since he found this to be "very Contrary to ye Articles of peace made wth ye Indians" and more specifically to the instructions he had received from the Commissioners of Trade and Plantation on this very subject. Thus cannot give his assent to bill.
McIlwaine 1913: 349	Chickahominy and Pamunkey Indians & Court	Document	20 May 1702 court	Message			Will Robertson's presentation to the House of Burgesses from his Excellency and Council: Discussion of the irregular shape of the Chickahominy Indians' lands between the two Herring Creeks. It is 3 miles in one place and narrower in another, so that they are laid out in a row one mile in length. There is a need for a center. This problem must be resolved w/ speed so that the Chickahominy Indians will not be "disappointed of what was intended them...and justly due them." The petition of the Chickahominy Indians was also presented in court along with a plat showing the Pamunkey Indians' land.
McIlwaine 1927:314-315	Court, Thomas Wynne, Thomas Blunt & Indians	C omplaint	24 April 1703 court	Petition			Thomas Wynne is to replace Thomas Blunt as the interpreter of the King and Great Men of the Nattoway and Maherin Indians who are dissatisfied w/ Thomas Blunt.
McIlwaine 1979A:396-397, 399, 407, 415	Court	Order	5, 6, 8, 12 May and 26 April 1704 court	Bill			A bill was introduced and read a number of times as an act to "prevent Indians hunting and ranging upon patented lands."
McIlwaine 1927: 364, 380	Tom Perry et al.	Complaint	3 May & 9 Aug. 1704 court	Damages			Tom Perry, a Chickhominy Indian, complained that Coscotrunk & James Mush, fellow Indians, came to Chicahominy Town & burnt his cabin w/ all of his corn & goods. In view of their submission, their punishment is remitted & forgiven, provided they behave peaceably in the future.
McIlwaine 1979A:401-402	Capt. Perry, Indian vs. James Must and Coscohunk	Suit	10 May 1704 court	Complaint			Capt. Perry, a Chicahominy Indian, against James Must and Coscohunk of the same town re damages: they burned his cabin and had threatened to join the Senequas to help "destroy the English." The House of Burgesses determined that they have "provisions amongst them" to punish those that "offend their Laws or Rules" and that the Governer "will be pleased to consider" the threats agst. the government and give directions as he thinks fit.
McIlwaine 1979A:402	Court & French Refugees	Order	10 May 1704 court	Lands at Manakin Town			The Council agreed to several of the "Resolves" by the House made on the 3^rd with respect to lands to be appropriated for the French Refugees at Manakin Town.
McIlwaine 1927:380	King of the Nattoways, etc.	Complaint	9 Aug. 1704 court	Prisoner			The King of the Nattaways was taken captive last summer, presumably by the Senequa Indians. The Nattaways, Maherine, Nansemond, Pamunkie, Chicahominy and Nansiatico Indians each wish to send two men to conclude peace w/ them & get him back by payment of a ransom. Interpreters and two Tuscoruro Indians also to go north w/ them.
McIlwaine 1927:389-390	Court, interpreters & Indian tribes	Order	28 Sept. 1704 court	Trial			The interpreter to the Maherine, Nattoway & Nansemond Indinans & the interpreter to the Pamunkey & Chicahominy Indians are to attend an Oyer and Terminor session concerning the trial of the Nansiatico Indians at Richmond County courthouse on 5^th of Oct. next.
McIlwaine 1979A:414	Court & Indians	Plans	26 April 1705 court	Servitude here & overseas for 7 years	servants		To secure the peace of the country: an old Indian man named Madox Will and woman Betty to be set at liberty. Other men and youths, about 12 years old, and women named Sarah & Monasta are to be transported "to some of the islands" and sold as servants for seven years. When free, they shall "never return to this Governmt. on pain of forfeiting their Lives." Other women and girls about 12 years old are to go to the Eastern Shore and be bound to servitude also for seven years. They cannot be outside the counties of Accomack or Northampton w/o forfeiting their lives. Those who are under the age of 12 are to be bound out among the English as servants until the age of 24.
McIlwaine 1979A:414	Court & Indians	Order	26 April 1705 court	Injuries to Indians			If an Englishman causes an injury to an Indian upon complaint "made to the next Magistrate," and if the matter is w/in his "Cognizance," he shall carry out the same rights to the Indian as those accorded to an Englishman. However, if not w/in his Cognizance, he shall bind the offender to the next County Court who then will carry out the same redress to the Indian just like an Englishman "upon regular process."
McIlwaine 1979A:415	Thomas Wynne	Petition	26 April 1705 court	Interpreter salary			As "interpreter of the Nottoway Maherine & Nansemd Indians," Wynne asked for "allowance" for his salary.
McIlwaine 1979A:415	James Adams	Petition	26 April 1705 court	Interpreter salary			James Adams, an Interpreter to the Pamunky & Chicahominy Indians" requested "allowance" for his salary.
McIlwaine 1979A:417	John Redwood	Account	8 May 1705 court	Charges			"The accot of the Charges of the Nottoway Maherin & Pamunky Indians" which are due to John Redwood.
McIlwaine 1979A:417	Edward Ross	Claim	8 May 1705 court	Compensation			Ross submitted a claim to the court for ferrying twenty nine Indians over the James River.
McIlwaine 1979A:420	Court	Order	9 May 1705 court	Amendment			While deliberating amendments to a bill concerning "Nansatico & other Indians," a motion was made to expunge the amendment for Madox Will and Betty, Indians, who were declared free. After more deliberations and considerations, Madox Will and Betty are to remain free "from transportation" and are to be "sett at liberty."

Surry County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Hotten 1983:236	List of the Dead	Enumeration	16 Feb. 1623	At ye Plantacon over against James Cittie			George Gurr & William Comes were slain by the Indians.
Haun 1986:23-24	John Saines & John Berrye	Articles & Agreement	1 Jan. 1653	3 barrells of corn	Indian boy		John Berrye and wife (on occasion) shall cultivate the crops of corn & tobo. and shall not misuse the servants who instead will be persuaded to work by "gentle & quiet means." He also will receive three barrells of corn for his wife's service along with other livestock and a house for his own work.
Haun 1986:18	Thomas Woodhouse & John Zaynes	Deed	22 March 1653	Sold Indian boy			Sold for a valuable consideration.
Haun 1986:16	Henry Randolph & Richard Attkins	Deed	17 May 1653	Sell 5 cows & an Indian boy unless he does pay 5,180 lbs. tobo. on time.			Attkins of Chard, Gloucestershire, England. Agreement to be void if debt is paid on time.
Haun 1986:37	Humpherey, Indian & Robert Warren	Indenture	1 Dec. 1654	To serve master 3 years	Humpherey		Warren to provide meat, drink, apparel & lodgings, washing & other necessaries that are "suffi't for an Indian servant" — i.e., 1 heifer, 1 sow & 3 barrels of corn.
Haun 1986:37	Robert, Indian & Samuel Hubye	Indenture	30 Dec. 1654	To serve master 4 years & receive 1 heifer, 1 sow, & 3 bbls. corn at end of service.	"Robert"		Indian boy of the Seacocks called Highamaccounte, or "Robert." To be provided w/ meat, drink, apparel, washing, lodgings, etc.
Hening (I) 1823:393-395	Grand Assembly	Acts Concerning Indians	10 March 1655 James City	Defense and wolves heads			Due to dangers of potential invasions by bordering Indians due to pressures on them or want of something, and to prevent injuries in the future as well as benefitting the colony, this will help civilise them & make them Christians. Commanding Indians will thus watch their own men and do not risk injury. For 8 wolves heads, the King shall receive a cow at public charge.
Hening (I) 1823:396	Grand Assembly	Acts Concerning Indians	10 March 1655 James City	Servitude	Indian children		If Indians bring their children as signs of good intentions and amity towards the English, then parents to choose persons to whom the care of such children shall be entrusted. Children will not be used as slaves but brought up in Christianity and knowledge of necessary trade. Each county do intend the bettering of these children and a salary shall be allowed to such as deserve & require it.
Hening (I) 1823:396	Grand Assembly	Acts Concerning Indians	10 March 1655 James City	Lands			To prevent continual allotment of lands to Indians & possessions, whether by purchase, grants or enforcement. This Act is not to prejudice any Christian who has land already granted by patent. Lands that Indians shall be possessed of, by this or other Assemblies, shall not be alienable or available for purchase by Indians to any man or any Christian who has land already granted by patent.
Haun 1986:82	King of Waineoakes & Elith./ Elizth. Short	Deed	2 July 1659	Sold to Short & heirs a "boy of my nacon" & Short to deliver a young foal aged 1 year.			Indian boy named Weetoppin-to serve until the full term of his life.
Haun 1987:5	Thomas Lillicropp	Petition	5 Sept. 1664	Has Major Marriott's bond agst. him.	Defense		Said he dare not come to court w/o his rapier, pistol & knives in order "to defend my selfe from Indians or any other enemy." Business takes him up & down the county-for want of sword/pistoll, "I may be killed."
Haun 1987:26-27	John Corker, Gent., Capt. William Corker and Mr. William Marriott	Deed	2 Nov. 1665	Sale			John Corker, Gent. and Capt. William Corker sold land to Mr. William Marriott- described the land as "easterly upon Rolph's land."
Haun 1987:44	Richard Lawrence and "Gentem. & Right Wors.:"	Notification	19 Feb. 1667	Journey			Richard Lawrence of "James Citty" cites his "urgent occasions" which compels him "to take a Journey to Rappahannock & Potomack Rivers..."
Haun 1987:89	William Sherwood, Sub Sheriff	Informant	Recorded 6 May 1671	Fine 1,000 or 4,000 lbs. tobo. or 1 yr. Imprisonment for offenders.			Contrary to Act of Assembly, 10 Oct. 1665, Joseph Rogers, tanner, entertained & harbored Indians in his house w/o license in 1670-1.
Haun 1987:100	Governor and Council	Document	N.D.	Articles of peace & safety issues.			To receive new come Indians; neighboring Indians to aid them as part of the Articles of peace. Reference to safety of the English & their arms and ammunition. Gov. & Council to send messages to Totopotomoy, the Chickahominies and other Indians & to treat with them, as they in their wisdoms & discretions think fit.
Haun 1987:102	Com. of Parliament	Document	N.D.	Levy: 6 lbs. per poll.			Men to be commissioners & charge of militia. To suppress all violent meetings and insurrections of Indians or other enemies.
Haun 1987:106	Act of Assembly, 29^th.	Document	N.D.	If any servant runaway is found with piece, powder or shot w/o leave with the Indians, he is to be tried.			Danger of seafaring runaways, etc. If lawfully convicted of these crimes, to be judged as felons and suffer death as in cases of felonies.
Haun 1987:106	Act of Assembly [30^th?]	Document	N.D.	Persons who sell pieces, powder or shot to Indians shall forfeit their whole estates. Persons who barter or trade w/ Indians shall suffer imprisonment at discretion of Gov. & Council. First offense is 2,000 lbs. tobo.			Lending pieces to Indians: half of estate is to go to the informer while the other half is for the use of the county. Divers persons are said to entertain Indians to kill deer or other game by furnishing them with such pieces, powder & shot. Such abuses endanger the colony. Any man can remove the same from the Indians,and give it to the commissioners for __. The commissioner is to make inquiries about these English offenders and bind them to the Gov. and court.
Haun 1987:116-117	Act, ye 16^th.	Act	N.D.	In what case Indians to be killed. Oath of party by whom the Indian shall be discovered or killed shall be full and ___.			Ref. "to act in 6 __ 1656 (?)," which it is lawful for any person to kill an Indian w/in certain limits; except those employed "uppon messages" having badges, now to be restrained. Due to colony's many prejudices "by Reason of the Late __ & gennerallitye of such allowance," and "rashness and unadvised__ of Divers persons... ___ some private mallice..." etc., now enacted that no man shall hereafter kill any Indian w/in limits afsd. Unless in case of trespass or other harm.
Haun 1987:117	Act ye 17th	Act	N.D.	Indians not to be assigned over. At age 25, Indian to free, etc. Act to be effective henceforth.			In case Indians dispose of their child to any person or persons for either education, instruction in Christian religion, or learning the English language, or some other cause, the person or persons cannot assign or transport child to anyone else upon any pretence of Rights or during service. Indian child shall be free and at his own disposing at the age of 25.
Haun 1987:117	Act ye 18th	Act	N.D.	Agst. purchase & theft of Indians. No person or persons hall dare or presume to buy any Indian or Indians from or of the English. If transgression of this law occurs (with proof), the person shall return such Indian or Indians w/in 10 days to the place from where he was taken. Offenders who breach the law shall pay informants 500 lbs. tobo., recoverable in any court.			Have information about several persons who have corrupted some Indians to steal and convey away some other Indians' children; and pretending to buy or purchase Indians of their parents or some of the Great men. Have violently or fraudulently forced them from them to the great scandal of Christianity and of the English nation by such "perfidious dealings" and making religion contemptible and the name of Englishmen odious to them. Also dangerous consequences to colony if not timely prevented.
Haun 1987:117-118	Act ye 19^th & Indian Kings Asconnowett and Osattaka	Act	N.D.	Patent to Indian Kings. Assembly for many reasons of State thought fit...should be consigned & granted to them according to their petns. Also means and fair opportunities [for] civility & hopeful progress to them [in] their conversion to Christianity, wch. Is the principal & primary intent of this Act.			Asconnowett, King of the South Indians, Vizt: Waianoake, petn . Assembly & subscribed under his owne hand Writinge; and Osattaka (?), King of the North Indians and Totopolomey, Commander and Leader over the Pymanakee Indians by their petns. They acknowledge themselves "tributaries to his Sacred Majestye and ye soveraignitye of the land where they live" and doth belong to his Majesty. They prayed that ancient proportion of land be granted unto them by patent, whereupon they and their people may inhabit and enjoy priviledges of range and hunting and be free of molestation and encroachments of any persons, either Indians or English. Court had enacted & assigned for Asconnowett the Southern King 5,000 acres on south side of James River w/in bounds limited by treaty known & to be called by ye name Warreko (or Warrecko), w/ priviledge to hunt upon all waste land thereunto adj. w/out bounds as afsd. Priviledge to be inserted in his patent. Also 5,000 acres to be laid out & surveyed for Totopolomey where he now liveth, and patent granted to him. Also 5,000 more acres to be laid out & surveyed forOsiatticain (?), King of the North Indians, more or less, wherein he now liveth. To be separated from Mr. Heugh __ mer's land by a small creek. Patent to be granted to him. If land is found already given in the form of patents to former patentees, they to receive 1,000 lbs. tobo for every 500 acres from the public [levy?] at the next Assembly. Patentees shall have the same right to take up the like quantity of land any place not formerly granted, along with a reservation of the accustomed rents to his Majesty, with the usual limitations of seven years for payment. Mr. James Cockett (?) to be the surveyor of the lands.
Haun 1987:118	Act ye 8th	Act	N.D.	Granting Indians land in the first place. No grants of land are to be given to the Englishmen in the future until the Indians are first served in the proportion of 50 acres of land for each bowman. The proportion of each particular bowman to lie together to be surveyed as well as wood land & cleared land- to be land not previously pantented w/ liberty of all wasted and unfenced land for hunting for the Indians.			When land of any Indian or Indians are found to be included in any patent already granted for land at Rappahannock or parts adj. to such, the patentee shall either purchase the sd. land of the Indians or relinquish the same. He shall be allowed & satisfied by the English inhabitants of the sd. place, the sd. Satisfaction to be proportioned equally between them.
Haun 1987:119	Act ye 8th	Act	N.D.	Indians hired to kill wolves. Commissioners of each county shall employ Indians or other men for the destruction of wolves. Indians not to be provided with arms or guns, however. Granted to all counties, particularly to Gloucester County.			Multiplying wolf population cause great losses and decrease of cattle & hogs.
Haun 1987:119-120	Act ye 22	Act	N.D.	Frontier counties treating w/ Indians. Anything of greater import to be brought to the Governor and Council- otherwise this is granted to all counties that are frontiers upon the Indians.			Request of inhabitants of Northumberland & Northampton that commissioners have power to settle peace w/ the Indians in their counties and to treat w/ them upon all occassions and keeping the peace among them.
Haun 1987:120	Assembly	Complaint	25 9ber 1652 James City	Wrong done to the Indians in taking away their lands or forcing them to such narrow straits or places that they cannot subsist either by planting or hunting. May justly be driven to despair and attempt some desperate course for themselves- "wch. Inconveniencye though they were Endeavoured to be Remedyed by form_ Acts of Assembly.			Many English still encroach on Indian lands, contrary to justice & true intent of English planters since the Indians might be reduced to cruelty & not know the true worship of God. Therefore all the Indians of this colony shall hold and keep their seats of land that they now have, and no person or persons shall encroach or plant upon such places w/o leave from the Gov.& Council or commissioners of that place. Act is not to prejudice the English on seated lands w/ Indians' former consents. The English who have lately seated near the Pamunckyes and the Chickahominies on the north side of the Pamunckye River shall be recalled and they to choose other seats elsewhere. No patents shall be adj. sufficient or valid wch. has lately been passed or shall pass, contrary to this Act. The Indians who wish to seat to live or remove to any places void or not taken up, they shall be assisted and confirmation granted them. No Indians to sell their land but at Quarter Court. Indians by a former Act granted them shall have the free liberty of hunting in the woods w/o the English fences planted in those places except between York River and James River and the blackwater, the Man _ he_ Towne and James River.
Haun 1987:122	Act	Act	N.D.	Employment of Indians w/ guns. To prevent disorderly employment of Indians w/ guns under pretence of being servants.	Indian servants		No person shall employ any Indian servant w/ guns, unless they have allowance from the county court where they live, or from the Gov. & Council.
Haun 1987:122-123	Act 12? [sic]	Act	N.D.	__ Indians to be killed & Indian children how to __. No Indian or Indians coming w/in our land or bounds shall be killed unless they were taken in any act or acts of mischief. All Indian children by leave of their parents shall be taken as servants for a agreed-upon term by said parents & masters. Such covenants to be confirmed before two justices of the peace.	Indian children as servants		For peace between English and Indians, no person or persons shall entertain or receive an Indian or Indians w/out obtaining leave first from the county court or from two commissioners. Indian children with due respect & care to be educated & brought up in Christian religion.
Haun 1987:127	Act	Act 14th	N.D.	Guns, powder waste & alcohol issues-after publication hereof, no one to have a gun while drinking except for weddings & burials. Fine is 100 lbs. tobo. Also to be disposed of by Militia in ammunition towards a county.			Fear of sudden invasions & plots which are encouraged by reason of the English shooting guns under the influence of drinking during celebrations, including weddings and funerals. No "allarums" about any potential Indian troubles would be possible due to wasted powder, etc., an action that needs to be prevented.
Haun 1987:127-128	Assembly	Act 16th	N.D.	March toward Indians — these new Indians are not to seat themselves there or near us. In respect to our own safety, Col. Edward Hill is to ___ in these two counties.			Westward & inland Indians are driven from the Mountains & lately settled by the Falls of the James River, about 600-700 in all. Cost a lot of blood to "expell & extirpate those perfidious and Treacherous Indians" who were there "formerly," and a good place to invade us. Reference to "Just Warr" formerly won by us and reserved at the last conclusion of peace with the Indians.
Haun 1987:129 and Haun 1989:1	Coppahunek Indians & Christopher Holiman	Complaint	5 March 1671 Southwarke	Capt. Pipscoe w/in 3 mos. to pay Holiman 6 bush & 6 doe well drest skins for the killing of his 2 hogs.			Coppahunek Indians killed two of Holiman's hogs. Hereafter, any Indian who kills any Englishman's hog or hogs must pay 20 buck skins for each hog. [Entry was repeated in both books.]
Haun 1989:2	Indian/Mr. Arthur Jordan	Certificate	5 March 1671 Southwarke	Certificate granted to Jordan, who carried slaves to Mr. Place's home.		An Indian	Took up at his plantation at Blackwater -3 slaves of Mr. Rowland Place's- 1 negro, 1 maletto & 1 Indian.
Haun 1989:5	Mr. Nicolas Meriwether & Francis Sorsby	Court	2 July 1672 Southwarke	Plea and Sorsby to pay the penalty thereof & costs to Merriwether			Mr. Nicolas Meriwether impleaded in court that Francis Sorsby was "trading & trucking" with his servants, which is contrary to the Act of Assembly. The court ruled that Sorsby has committed a breach of the Act and is ordered to pay Meriwether the cost of the penalty and court costs.
Haun 1989:8	Arthur Jordan	Payment	5 Nov. 1672 court	From Levy	1 "hd." & 100 lbs. tobo.		Arthur Jordan to be paid for "1 hd. by India."
Haun 1989:8	John Rawling	Payment	5 Nov. 1672 court	From Levy	1 "hd." & 100 lbs. tobo.		John Rawling, miller, to be paid for "1 hd. p: Inda."
Haun 1989:18	Mr. Thomas Busby	Payment	25 Nov.1673	From Levy			2 heads p Indyans}00200
Haun 1989:19	Capt. Baker	Payment	25 Nov.1673	From Levy			3 heads p Indyans}00500 lbs. tobo.
Haun 1989:19	Mr. Harrison	Payment	25 Nov.1673	From Levy			1 head p Indyans}__
Haun 1989:41	Waynoake Indians & the English	Informant	16 March 1674 Southwarke	Mr. John King empowered to go to the Nottaway Indians & charge their allegiance to ensure their appearance in next court. Other Indians concerned also to appear in court.			The Waynoake Indians and several of the English informed the court that several hogs belonging to the English were killed by the Nottoway Indians.
Haun 1989:29	Warnoake Indians/Mr. Arthur Jordan & Lt. Thomas Busby, et al.	Complaint	5 May 1674 Southwarke	Warnoake Indians ordered to kill all of their dogs that can hurt hogs & their remaining dogs shall be judged requisite by next court.			Jordan, Busby & other English inhabitants on the Blackwater suffered greatly by these Indians' killing & driving away of their hogs.
Haun 1989:33	Lt. Thomas Busby	Order	2 7br. 1674 Southwarke	Order is renewed & to be put into execution.			The order obtained by Busby in last court agst. the Indians is renewed.
Haun 1989:48	Richard Harris	Payment	2 Nov. 1674 court	From Levy	2 hds. per Indians		Value missing on document.
Haun 1989:48	Mr. Harrison	Payment	2 Nov. 1674 court	From Levy	1 hd. per Indians		Value missing on document.
Haun 1989:48	Col. Jordan	Payment	2 Nov. 1674 court	From Levy	1 hd. per Indians		Value missing on document.
Haun 1989:37	Lt. Busby	Payment	4 9br. 1674 court	From Levy			2 heads p: Indyans}200 lbs. tobo.
Haun 1989:37	Col. Swann	Payment	4 9br. 1674 court	From Levy			1 head p. Indyans}100 lbs. tobo.
Haun 1989:43	Indians/the English	Order	4 May 1675 Southwarke	No inhabitant of this county to go to Blackwater to kill hogs w/o English company "for Pfe. as shall be sufft."			They will answer the contrary at their peril.
Haun 1989:81	Mr. Nicolas Merriwether & Francis Sowerby	Judgement	2 Jan. 1677 court	Sowerby found by previous order "guilty" of a breach of Act re trade			Francis Sowerby declared guilty by the court for trading w/ Mr. Nicolas Merriwether's servants. Merriwether is due 632 lbs. tobo. & cask, but Sowerby appeals to the next court.
Haun 1989:89	Mr. Robert Caufield	Certificate	2 July 1678 Southwarke	Grant certificate for 350 acres of land from Secretary's Office.			7 headrights, one being Jacob, an Indian.
Haun 1989:104	Thomas Turner & Lt. Thomas Busby	Judgement	6 May 1679 Southwarke	Judgement granted Turner agst. Busby for 190 lbs. tobo & cask.			His share of the plunder they took from the Chickahominy Indians with costs, etc.
Haun 1989:106	Act of Assembly	Order	6 May 1679 Southwarke	Act for the defense of this country agst. the invasions of Indians. Men to be paid w/ bushells of corn			Nine Justices of this County w/ Col. Swann who voluntarily offered to ___ each: corn. Swann also to divide shot & deliver meat in a chest to a waterman.
Haun 1989:112	Lt. Thomas Busby	Payment	2 7br. 1679 Southwarke	To keep a true intelligence with the Indians & expenses paid by him to several Indians for ranging upon the frontier of this county and for ferriage & provisions for sundry Indians going to & from the Gov. Also paid each of the soldiers who were at Nottoway Town 275 lbs. tobo. & caske for themselves & horses.			Certificate is granted for 6,460 lbs. of tobo. & cask, for due attendance of 15 men & horses with himself, 11 days at the Nottoway Towne by order of Gov. and other related expenses.
Haun 1989:114	Thomas Busby	Deed	4 9br. 1675 Southwarke	Sale of an Indian girl			Acknowledgement of deed concerning sale of Indian girl to Elias Osborne, attorney of William Archer.
Haun 1989:164	Thomas Busby	Payment	7 9br. 1682 Southwarke	Certificate is granted in next Assembly for 1,000 (?) lbs. tobo & cask			For his charge of __ for ye __ fort (?) of the Tuskarora (?) Indians and __ at his house of him & __ attendants & the sd. Busby's going w/ them to James City by Gov.'s Special Order.
Haun 1989:165	Major Swann	Payment	2 Jan. 1682 Southwarke	From Levy			For skins}0318 lbs. tobo.
Haun 1989:165	William Edwards	Payment	2 Jan. 1682 Southwarke	From Levy			For Id., 0318 lbs tobo.
Haun 1989:165	Mr. Maldin	Payment	2 Jan. 1682 Southwarke	From Levy			For Id, 383 lbs. tobo.
Haun 1989:165	Thomas Busby	Payment	5 Jan. 1682 Southwarke	From Levy			Interpreter for 2 yrs. Half of which 1000 (?) & cask is assigned to Mr. William Sherwood under his hand}9,000 lbs. tobo.
Haun 1989:165	Thomas Busby	Payment	5 Jan. 1682 Southwarke	From Levy			Indians' accomodations at Doctor Lee's}1330
Haun 1989:165	Thomas Busby	Payment	5 Jan. 1682 Southwarke	From Levy			Indians' accomodations at Rabley's}0340
Haun 1989:165	Thomas Busby	Payment	5 Jan. 1682 Southwarke	From Levy			For "4 M___ pd. Ye Indyans by Rt. Honoble the Govrnors. ordr."}0432
McIlwaine 1914:171	Thomas Busby	Payment	10 Nov. 1682	From Levy			Paid for 4 Matchcoates paid Indians by the Governor's order}432
Haun 1990:10	Mr. Benjamin Harrison	Register	6 9br. 1683 Southwarke		Franck		An Indian girl aged 10.
Haun 1990:20	Mr. Robert Caufield	Register	1 (?) July 1684 [sic] Southwarke		Thomas Busby		An Indian boy aged 10.
Haun 1990:37	Waynoake Indians & Richard Washington	Complaint	1 7br. 1685 Southwarke	Queen & great men of Waynoake to appear in next court to answer the sd. complaint.			Agst. Waynoake Indians for several misdemeanors. Mr. Thomas Busby, the Indian Interpreter, to give the Queen & great men of Waynoke notice to appear in the next court & answer complaint.
Haun 1990:37	Edward Greene	Register	1 7br. 1685 Southwarke		George		An Indian aged 5.
Haun 1990:22	James Cane	Register	2 7br. 1685 (?) [sic] Southwarke		Harry		An Indian aged 3.
Haun 1990:49	George Jordan	Complaint	6 July 1686 Southwarke	King & four great men to appear in next court to answer complaint.			The Nottoway Indians have done great harm to him by damaging his cattle & hogs. Mr. Thomas Busby to order the King & 4 great men to appear in next court.
Haun 1990:51	George Jordan	Complaint	16 (?) 7br. 1686 [sic] court	They confessed that they killed his shoat, etc. & offer to pay him for also taking a young calf in the woods to towne (until it died). They to pay in full of all trespass & 10 "good well drest doe skins."			Claimed that the Nottoway Indians had killed his hogs and a shoat-proved the latter. Also claimed that they took his calves from the cows & marked them. Thomas Busby, the Interpreter is to order the King & 4 great men of the Nottoways to appear in court and answer sd. complaint.
Haun 1990:71	Indians & His Excellency	Propositions	8 9br. 1687 Southwarke	Propositions			The Gov.'s propositions to the Indians in New York are read in court.
Haun 1990:99	John the Indian & Mr. John King	Suit	5 Jan. 1688 Southwarke	To pay John King 50 lbs. tobo. w/ costs, etc.			John the Indian did not appear in court to prosecute his account agst. Mr. John King. Case is thus non-suited.
Haun 1990:101	John Barnes	Register	5 Jan. 1688 Southwarke		Tom (?)		An Indian aged 6.
Haun 1990:121	Council & Sheriff	Order	6 Jan. 1690 Southwarke	Proclamation			Sheriff to take account & serve the P__ [Public?] that those found in possession of any Indian trade ___ or others be published in court.
Haun 1990:115	William Chambers	Register	1 July 1690 Southwarke		Jack		An Indian aged 8.
Haun 1991:7	Gov. & Council	Proclamation	7 9br. 1691 Southwarke	Published in court.			Proclamations about keeping Indians w/o license and one about rights. Also reference to stones belonging to fort at Tindalls Point.
Haun 1991:14	Nicholas Witherington	Deposition	15 March 1691 Southwarke	Never received satisfaction for his services. Certified to the Genl. Assembly for allowance.			On 25 April 1691, he carried 6 Maherin Indians to James City and back. On 27 April 1691, he also carried 6 Nansimond Indians w/their Tribute to James City & back.
Haun 1991:14	Thomas Davis	Certificate	15 March 1691 Southwarke	Certificate by Mr. Robert Ruffin, 3 Jan. 1690. To be given allowance.			On 22 April 1691, Davis took up an Indian man in Isle of Wight belonging to Roger Tilman of Charles City. Indian more than 10 miles from master.
Haun 1991:26-27	John Page & Mrs. Eliza. Caufield	Complaint	4 Jan. 1692 court	Trade penalty: Page to be imprisoned for 1 month & give bond w/ security.			According to Mrs. Eliza. Caufield, John Page conducted "tradeing and trucking with her servants contrary to Law" and that she be paid 4 times the value of the items - 500 lbs. of tobo. She wants Page to be imprisoned for 1 month according to the 105^th Act & give bond. Page pleaded not guilty, but court agreed with Caufield. Jury's verdict: value of goods was actually 50 lbs. of tobo.
Haun 1991:27	Capt. Thomas Swann	Deposition	17 Feb. 1692 Southwarke	For April General Court 1692, his ferryman never received satisfaction for services and the same is therefore certified to the Genl. Assembly for allowance.			His ferryman carried 9 Waynoake Indians to James City & back and also 5 Maherin & 10 Appamattock Indians to James City & back.
Haun 1991:34	Thomas Blunt & Nottoway and Weyonoke Indians	Order	4 July 1693 Southwark	Act re Indian hogs. Thomas Blunt, interpreter, is to notify these Indians about marking their hogs.			Act entitled "An Act concerning Indians Hoggs" made "2 March last:" 6 months after proclamation, the court is empowered to assigne a particular mark for the towns of the Nottoways and the Waynoke Indians.
Haun 1991:37	Indians & Act of Assembly	Act	5 7br. 1693 Southwarke	Indians' hogs. Thomas Blunt, interpreter, to give these Indians notice to appear in the next court so that their marks for hogs may be assigned them as Assembly directs.			Genl. Assembly held 2 March last- county court to be appointed, authorized & empowered w/in 6 mos., after publication, to assign a particular mark for hogs to each of the Townes of the Nottoways & Weyonoke Indians.
Haun 1991:37-38	Weyonoak & Nottoway Indians	Court	5 7br. 1693 Southwarke	Weyonoak Indians present in court. Their mark for hogs is a slit in the left ear, the right ear left whole, and the tail cut. The mark for the Nottoway Indians is a slit in the right ear, the left ear intact & tail cut.			Reference to above Act and Thomas Blunt, Indian interpreter. Due to Nottoway Indians' failure to appear in court to learn their mark, Blunt is to give them notice to appear in court on Monday, 18 ___.
Haun 1991:38	Nottoway Indians	Court	18 7br. 1693 Southwarke	Two Nottoways appeared in court & acquainted w/ their assigned mark for hogs.			Reference to previous notice by Blunt and Act. The Nottoways alledge that the Indian who was appointed to come was sick & the rest "a hunting."
Haun 1991:39	Capt. Thomas Swann & Francis Clements	Certificate	18 7br. 1693 Southwarke	Certificated dated 26 June 1693. Certified to Genl. Assembly for allowance according to law.	Doll		Francis Clements took up a runaway Indian woman more than 10 miles from her master, Mr. Peter Goodrich of James City & took up Indian at his own house. Made oath in court.
Haun 1991:39	Capt. Thomas Swann	Deposition	18 7br. 1693 Southwarke	Ferryman never received satisfaction for services. Certified to Genl. Assembly for allowance.			On 16 & 17 April last, his ferryman carried 29 Indians to James City, & on 18April, carried 8 Indians from James City.
Haun 1991:51	Sheriff & Edward Grantham	Court	Sept. 1694 court	Grantham to appear in next court to answer the same.			Edward Grantham presented by Grand Jury for entertaining Indians contrary to law & not attending church.
Haun 1991:79	William Chambers	Register	Nov. 1696 court		Harry & Ned		Harry aged 7. Ned aged 4.
Haun, 1991:87	John Kicotan, wife Margaret & Robert Swett	Court	May 1697 court	Estate			John Kicotan & wife Margaret, admx. of Robert Swett (dec'd.) failed to present an account of estate. Sheriff to summon them to next court.
Haun, 1991:88	John Kicotan, & Robert Swett	Court	July 1697 court	Estate			John Kicotan's account of Robert Swett's estate is examined by the court & admitted to record.
Haun 1991:90	John Kicotan, wife Margaret and Robert Swett	Court	7br. 1697 court	Estate			Court ordered John Kicotan and his wife Margaret, admrs. Of Robert Swett, to appear at the next court to provide security for the deceased's orphan's estate.
Haun 1991:93	Mr. Benjamin Harrison	Payment	9br. 1697 court	From Levy			1 wolves head — he pd. an Indian}80 lbs. tobo.
Haun 1991:93	Richd. Washington	Payment	9br. 1697 court	From Levy			1 wolves head-he pd. an Indian}80 lbs. tobo.
Haun 1991:107	Capt. Thomas Swann	Deposition	20 April 1699 Southwarke	Ferryman never received satisfaction for services. Certified to Genl. Assembly for allowance.			For April 1697 court, his ferryman carried 20 Indians to Jamestown & back; in Feb. 1697, he carried 5 Indians to Jamestown & back. In April 1698, he also carried 13 Indians to Jamestown & back.
Haun 1991:122	Benjamin Harrison Esqr.	Claim	20 Sept. 1699 court	Surveyor of county to lay out the 300 acres after 6^th day of next Genl. Court, he producing such rights as shall be allowed by Genl. Court. Survey to be returned on first Tuesday in April next.			Claims that the 300 acres were purchased from the Waynoak Indians in about the year 1646 (?) — (1686?), and seated ever since in his possession.
Haun 1991:1	Jamey & Estate of Thomas Bage	Murder	March 1699/1700 court	Murder: Jamey to be hanged on Monday the 12^th instant.		Jamey	"A Comon. Of Oyer and Terminor" for the "tryall of Jamey an Indian." Indian slave indicted & presented for murder of Thomas Bage. Indian did not have the feare of God before his eyes, but was moved by the instigation of the Devil on 28 Jan. in 11^th yr. of Sovereign. Jamey held a gun of the value of 5 shillings, charged w/ powder & loaded w/ shot. With malice forethought, he did feloniously discharge gun... and willfully murder his master. Bage suffered several wounds on his left side, about half an inch below his navel. Bage had languished for two hours before death. Jamey pleaded guilty. A scaffold is to be constructed for him, which was done accordingly.
Haun 1991:139	Jemmy & Elizabeth Bage, Admx.	Petition	Oct.-Nov. 1700 court	Compensation		Jemmy	Jemmy was executed in March- he was part of her dec'd husband Thomas Bage's estate. Widow is to be certified in next Genl. Assembly for allowance regarding loss of Jemmy, Indian slave.
Haun 1991:139	Thomas Hart	Payment	Oct.-Nov. 1700 court	He never received satisfaction for services. Certified to Genl. Assembly for allowance.			On 21 April last, ferried 20 Indians to Jamestown & back.
Haun 1991:143	Capt. Thomas Holt	Payment	11 Jan. 1700/1	From Levy		Jamey	For services as late sheriff about 2 prisoners, one being Jamey, Indian. Paid 2,658 lbs. tobo. for both.
Haun 1991:143	Capt. William Browne	Payment	11 Jan. 1700/1	From Levy		Jamey	For services as sheriff about 2 prisoners-one is Jamey, Indian. Paid 590 lbs. tobo. for both.
Haun 1991:143	Thomas Davis	Payment	11 Jan. 1700/1	From Levy		Jamey	For Ferrying Jamey & guard to Jamestown} 30 lbs. tobo.

York County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Fleet 1961A:10	Andrew Whowell	Will	10 March 1631				Barrells of corn and Indian corn.
Fleet 1961A:51-52	Thomas ___	Dues	30 Jan. 1645/6 court	To be paid in corn			Robert Vaus, family & others to pay Thomas. Robert Halsey to be first to pay his salary due for service in 1644 at the Middle Plantation garrison.
Fleet 1961B:9	William Baulke	Estate	24 Nov. 1645 Quarter court James City	Debts & Credits			Augustine Warner: 5 pd. Of beaver & 100 lbs. tobo.}600 Other expenses, etc. at Jamestown, York, & Kiccotan.
Fleet 1961B:11	Edward Percivall	Inventory	24 Nov. 1645 Quarter court James City	Estate			One cannowe 30 foote long.
Fleet 1961A:69	Lt. Smalecombe	Inventory	Last of Feb. 1645/6				20 arms length of Roanoke at __; one Indian girl, aged 3.
Fleet 1961A:73	Thomas Shaw	Suit	26 March 1646 court	Capt. Ralph Wormeley to pay plus 50 lbs. tobo.			Reference to 6 bbl. corn to be "fetched over amediatly after the Masacre from the house of Thomas Shaw on north side of York River."
Fleet 1961A:80	Thomas Doe & Capt. John West	Power of Attorney	27 March 1646 court				To adm. his estate for dau Ann Doe. Writings in chest at Steven Giles' house in Jamestown to be delivered to West- "now finding the tymes Dangerous giving my __ to goe over the forrest alone."
Fleet 1961A:81-82	Lts. and Deputy Lts.	Order	10 April 1646 York				To press 16 men to march agst. the Indians under the command of Lt. Francis Poyethres & to be ready for a rendevouz. Men's crops to be protected as well.
Fleet 1961A:84	William Whitby & Richard Lee	Deed	25 May 1646				"On the North side of Yorke river at the head of tindalls Creek where the said Lee lived before the Massacre"; devident part of land purchased by George Ludlowe Esqr. and William Whitby of Argoll Yeardly, Esqr. This grant of 100 acres is a firm "alienation."
Fleet 1961A:86-87	Thomas Smallcombe	Estate	10 March 1645/6 and 26 June 1646	Debts & Credits			Two bbl. corn; diet at ordinary at James Citty; tobo. is allowed him by Assembly for going at Fort Royall; 2 Indians each sold to Sir Wm Berkeley, John Hammon and Capt. Thomas Pettus.
Fleet 1961A:91	Robert Higginson	Suit	26 June 1646 York				Case vs. John Witherford to be deferred to July 1^st. "Dangerousness of this time will not permit his leaving his charge and care at Midle Plantation for this Court."
Fleet 1961B:5	Francis Peper	Order	25 July 1646 court	40 men to make payment of half a day's work upon demand & same regarding 100 lbs. tobo.			40 men ordered & listed to pay work to Peper for his last march agst. the Indians.
Fleet 1961B:26	Divers men	Complaint	5 Nov. 1646 court	Men to pay Higginson 35 lbs. tobo. per pale.			Men at lower end of York are delinquent in sending a man to Middle Plantation in the general work of setting up a pale. Capt. Robert Higgenson forced to put a man "in his Rome" due to men's delinquency.
Fleet 1961B:29	Nicholas Sebriell	Debt	26 Nov. 1646 court	Ordered to pay Brooke 300 lbs. tobo. and 1 bbl corn			Owes Nicholas Brooke Jr. regarding soldiers' wages and diet at Fort Royall in 1645.
Fleet 1961B:33	Council of War	Order	21 Dec. 1646 court	Men to pay 100 lbs. tobo each to Lewis for work.			6 days work for "the soldier which was prest for Rappahannock."
Fleet 1961B:35	Robert Jackson & Edward Adcocke	Bill	22 Dec. 1646 court	Jackson to pay 1,200 lbs. tobo on 10 Nov. 1648.	Mall		Bill dated last day of Nov. 1646. Mall, Indian maid, is security along with 3 cows and 1 heifer.
Fleet 1961B:53	Robert Jackson	Inventory	9 Feb. 1646/7	Estate			3 cows and an Indian girl to Edward Adcock.
Fleet 1961B:65	Thomas Wallis, doctor.	Mortgage	16 Dec. 1647	Secure payment of 6000 , tobo			Of Warwick Co. Wallis binds to George Ludlow, negro Sebastine, an English boy named Nathaniel Chambers, and an Indian woman, beds, etc.
Fleet 1961B:77	Wm. Taylor	Document	25 Jan. 1647/8 court		Indian girl		Indian kept by Taylor to serve till 18.
Fleet 1961B:88	Constables	Order	25 May 1648 court				To "take exact veiw" of all the corn planted in every plantation and make list of tithable persons, etc.
Fleet 1961B:90	Council of War	Order	12 Aug. 1645	The work of the man "to be made good by those he went for."			A man of Wm. Light was pressed to cut up the Indians' corn. 19 days of work due from a number of individuals as payment of the said work unto said Light re each man's due, share and part.
Fleet 1945B:10	Arthur Price	Informant	25 July 1648 court	It is lawful for anyone to kill such Indians & apprehend or prosecute the offenders any time hereafter.			Said some inhabitants on York River "above Skiminnynoe" do entertain Indians day & night in their houses, which is contrary to an Act of Assembly.
Fleet 1945B:38	Nicholas Brooke, the elder & Samuell Fenn	Indenture	17 Feb. 1651/2	Sells 200 acres out of a 500-acre parcel.			Gives history of ownership of parcel, which is commonly called "Midle Plantation" upon the "old Pallasadoes."
Fleet 1945B:55-56	Samuel Fenn & Wm. Morris	Deed	27 March 1654	Sale of 50 acres out of 200-acre parcel.			By the old Pallyzadoe, near land of Major George Read.
Duvall 1961:73	William Baker & Richard ffare	Deed	13 May 1655	Sale			Baker sold 50 acres in the Parish of Hampton to Richard ffare, formerly called Cheasequiacke.
Fleet 1945B:50	George Read & John Page	Indenture	25 June 1655	Sells 100 acres for 4,000 lbs. tobo.			Gives history of ownership. Land on the Pallizadoe of the Middle Plantation.
Fleet 1945B:55	George Read & John Dickinson	Indenture	24 Sept. 1655	Sells 50 acres for 4,000 lbs. tobo.			Gives history of ownership. 50 acres is on "the Pallyzadoe" of the Middle Plantation.
Fleet 1945B:55	George Read & John Dickinson	Indenture	24 Sept. 1655	Concerns entry error in No. 1 re name.			Same information as above but to John Dickinson.
Duvall 1961:35	Rowland Williams & Robert Jones	Deed	8 Oct. 1655	Sale			For 3,200 lbs. tobo. paid to Robert Jones, Rowland Williams received 130 acres at Chiscake, next to land of Robert Baldrey.
Duvall 1961:65	Stephen Page, Alexander Tire & James Read	Deed	27 Dec. 1655 court	Sale			Page sold land in Hampton Parish to Alexander Tire & James Read, up to Cheesecake Path.
Fleet 1945B:63	James Harris & Thomas Mekins	Deed	4 Jan. 1655/6	Sale of 100 acres.			On old Mill Swamp...over Rickahock Path.
Fleet 1945B:73	Henry Tyler, Robert Bourne & John Horsington	Indenture	24 April 1657	Sale of 300 acres by an amt. of tobo.			Reckahock (Rickahock) Path.
Duvall 1961:5	Adam Holland, Thomas Baxter & Edward Diggs	Indenture	5 Nov. 1657	Sale			Holland sold Baxter for 35 lbs. sterling a 700-acre tract of land on the north side of Mattapony River, once ownded by Edward Diggs in 1653.
Duvall 1961:11-12	Thomas Spencer & John Page	Indenture	4 Dec. 1657	Sale			Spencer sold 50 acres to Page, being located "upon the Pallisado of Middle Plantation," now in the tenure of Spencer. Previous owners mentioned.
Duvall 1961:12	George Read & John Page	Sale	Recorded 20 Dec. 1657 court	Land			Reade sold a parcel of land to Page, and referred to the Pallisado of Middle Plantation and history of ownership
Duvall 1961:41	Thomas Rea	Court	9 Sept. 1658	Inheritance			Portion of orphan Thomas Rea's inheritance includes an Indian woman.
Duvall 1961:57	Rice Jones, Alexander Walker et al.	Bill	13 Oct. 1658	Payment			Jones and Walker are to pay Smith 8,000 lbs. tobo. and cask. The tobacco is to be conveyed to the landing of Richard Thorpe on Queens Creek, and if William Newman lived on the land until the payment is made...otherwise, the tobacco is to be carried to Thomas Pinkethman's tobacco house on Skimino Creek.
Duvall 1961:44	Thomas Baxter & Adam Holland	Order	25 Oct. 1658 court	Estate			Late Mr. Thomas Baxter had purchased land of Mr. Adam Holland on the Mattapony River, w/ general cattle, and 60 lbs. sterling to pay for the same. Court ordered Holland to have the land.
Duvall 1961:64	Anne Page, widow	Deed	24 Feb. 1658 [sic]	Land			Page gives her two daughters, named Anne and Dorothy, her right & title to 400 acres of land in Cheesecake in Hampton Parish. Land is to be divided between them.
Fleet 1945B:80	Court	Order	7br. Court & 12 Nov. 1660				Acquomack March.
Weisiger 1989:48	Acquomuck Indians & soldiers	Order	13 Nov. 1660 court	Defense & costs			Soldiers have served for 10 weeks against the Acquomuck Indians last year and either are totally or partly satisfied. Request allowances for their service. Court decreed that they will be paid after 23 Aug. from officers. Any inhabitant who refused to pay the officers shall pay not only the allowance but also 40 lbs. in damages. Cost of Acquomuck March: 3341, thus 30,881 lbs. for James City.
Weisiger 1987:75	Ralph Graves	Will	25 May 1667	Land			Wife to receive the land known as "Indian Field," which later will descend to son Ralph. Mentioned another seat of land located at Mattapony, consisting of 1000 acres.
Weisiger 1987:32	Jack & Mr. John Page	Register	24 Oct. 1672 court		Jack		Indian boy servant, Jack, aged 7, is to serve master Page according to law.
Weisiger 1987:67	Indian, Owen Davis & Robert Penrice	Document	29 Nov. 1673 court	Loss of child			"Whereas it is manifest and apparent that an Indian, through Robert Penrice's means, caused the wife of Owen Davis to miscarry, it is ordered he pay her 1,000 lbs. tobo."
Weisiger 1987:120	Dick & William Backhouse	Register	24 June 1675 court		Dick		Indian boy servant named Dick, aged 6, shall serve his master according to law.
Dorman 1975:67	Edward Foliott	Will	4 March 1683/4	Indian land			Foliott's will referred to a line from Robert Harris...next to the "Indian field on the west side of my land in New Kent County."
Palmer, 1875:19	Crawford, Thomas Ballard et al.	Court	14 April 1685	Petition		Woman, boy & girl	In suit of Crawford by Thomas Ballard vs. Roger Jones: Jones harbored an Indian woman, boy & girl who had been purchased by Crawford & used as slaves.
Dorman 1975:84-85	Council	Order	24 8ber. 1690 court	License			Board is informed that many inhabitants keep Indians w/o license from the Governor, contrary to law, and which may lead to disturbance w/in the Colony. From this point hence, no person shall presume to keep an Indian w/o obtaining a license as the law directs.
Dorman 1976:46	Council	Order	27 Oct. 1691 court	License			Extract from Journals of the Council on required licenses to keep Indians, etc. Published in court.
Dorman 1976:101	Mrs. Elizabeth Diggs	Inventory	24 Sept. 1691 court order	List			Inventory of Diggs referred to an "Indian Field Quarter" w/ 13 slaves and a crop of Indian corn.
Dorman 1977:52	Mrs. Elizabeth Diggs	Estate	11 Xber. 1691 court	Division			Diggs' house is located at "Indian Field."

Patents:

Charles City: (CC) All by Nugent, vol. as indicated; followed by original patent citation.

Source	Patentee	County	Acres	Date	Headrights	Details
Nugent 1992 (I): 21 PB1/162	Thomas Causey	CC	150	18 April 1635		In the "Indian field."
Nugent 1992 (I): 25 PB1/206	David Jones	CC	300	4 July 1635	6	Tapahannock Marsh & Matticoe Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 32 PB2/295	Pierce Lemon	CC	300	6 Nov. 1635	5	Near Weyenoke & Matchocoe Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 32 PB1/296	James Merriman	CC	150	6 Nov. 1635	1	Near Weyanoke.
Nugent 1992 (I): 34 PB1/314	Edward Sparshott	CC	100	20 Nov. 1635	1	Land at Merchants Hope Creek, and on the north side of the Indian field.
Nugent 1992 (I): 50 PB1/395	Mrs. Elizabeth Stephens	Inheritance	1,000	15 Oct. 1636		Flowerdew Hundred, Weyonoake; inheritance from father Abraham Piersey.
Nugent 1992 (I): 68 PB1/443	John Woodlife	Inheritance	550	24 Aug. 1637		Territory of great Weyanoake; Charles Hundred where the pale ran...is an inheritance from father Capt. John Woodlife Esqr. (in 1620).
Nugent 1992 (I): 74 PB1/495	Thomas Wheeler	CC	200	29 Sept. 1637	4	Weyanoke land.
Nugent 1992 (I): 87 PB1/550	William Hayward	CC	200	5 May 1638	4	Appamattuck River; Conjurer's field.
Nugent 1992 (I): 86 PB1/546	Edward Sparshott	CC	350	6 May 1638	4	Property at the north side of a small Indian field about 2 miles up Merchants Hope Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 87 PB1/549	John Merryman	CC	150	10 May 1638		Weyanoke.
Nugent 1992 (I): 87 PB1/550	Thomas Bagwell	CC	150	12 May 1638	6	Apamattuck River;Conjurer's field.
Nugent 1992 (I): 88 PB1/555	Henry Rowan	CC	300	22 May 1638		Weyanoke.
Nugent 1992 (I): 98 PB1/602	Richard Milton	CC	400	3 Oct. 1638	8	Great Weyonoake Towne.
Nugent 1992 (I): 152 PB1/951	Pierce Lennon	CC	200	28 Feb. 1642	4	Land between two creeks at Martins Brandon, opposite against Tapahanna Marsh.
Nugent 1992 (I): 145 PB1/893	Thomas Wheeler	CC	990	23 Aug. 1643	2	Reference to "old towne," near Merchants Hope.
Nugent 1992 (I): 150 PB1/933	James Merryman	CC	100	20 Dec. 1643	2	Martins Brandon, opposite against Weyanoke.
Nugent 1992 (I): 167 PB2/94	David Jones	CC	650	20 Nov. 1646	7	Two creeks opposite against Taphanna Marsh.
Nugent 1992 (I): 175 PB2/140	John Saynes	CC	250	3 July 1648	5	Near Smith's Fort.
Nugent 1992 (I): 183 PB2/248	Capt. Jose Johnson	CC	639	6 June 1649		Reference to former patent in 1643; Weynoke.
Nugent 1992 (I): 199 PB 2/252	George Pace	CC	1,700	1 Aug. 1650	34	On s. side of James River, commonly called Mattocks.
Nugent 1992 (I): 198 PB2/263	Richard Tye & Charles Sparrow	CC	2,500	12 Aug. 1650	50	Next to land called "Weynoake old Town," and trees called "the great Maukes."
Nugent 1992 (I): 202 PB2/263	Richard Jones	CC	950	30 Aug. 1650	19	Mention of "ould Towne"; land back of Merchants Hope.
Nugent 1992 (I): 203 PB2/266	Mr. Stephen Hamelin	CC	1,250	26 Oct. 1650	25	At head of Weynoke or Wionoke, Matshcoes Creek [or Matsrwes?].
Nugent 1992 (I): 226 PB2/___ [not given]	Gov. George Yardley & Samuel Jordan, Gent.	CC	50	[No date]	5	To Samuel Jordan, ancient planter, the main land, south upon John Rolfe.
Nugent 1992 (I): 273 PB3/171	Mr. James Warradine	CC	1,070 ½	13 Oct. 1652	12	Patented lands included "an Indian field commonly called Mr. Mathews his upper Indian field &c."
Nugent 1992 (I): 255 PB 3/77	Major Abraham Wood	CC	1,557	9 June 1653	20	Lying at Fort Henry on south side of Appamattuck River. 600 acres part of 1 Oct. 1646 grant by Assembly & 957 acres for headrights.
Nugent 1992 (I): 250 PB3/54	Major John Westrope	CC	600	24 Nov. 1653	12	Old Towne.
Nugent 1992 (I): 303 PB3/322	William Lea	CC	500	6 Feb. 1654	10	On W. side of an Indian Swamp known as Ohoreek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 411 PB4/40 (486)	Col. Abraham Wood	CC	2,073	16 Sept. 1663	10	Fort Henry — part of it is renewal of 1653 patent.
Nugent 1992 (I): 566 PB5/537 (657)	William Justice	CC	21, 2r, 11 p.	20 Oct. 1665		In Weynock; Kittawan Branch; confirmed by order of the Genl. Court.
Nugent 1992 (I): 566-567 PB5/537 (658)	William Justice	CC	143 & 24 poles	20 Oct. 1665		In Weynock...on other side of Kittewan.
Nugent 1977 (II): 3 PB6/7	Edmund Cowles	CC	125	29 Sept. [1666?]		Westover Path, Kemige's Creek are part of devident.
Nugent 1977 (II): 31 PB6/109	Mr. Charles Roane	CC	50	7 Aug. 1667	9	S. side of Kittowan Cr.; lowermost end of Weyanock upon James River.
Nugent 1977 (II): 30 PB6/109	Mr. Charles Roane	CC	401 & 4ch	7 Aug. 1667	9	Kittawan & Moyses Creeks.
Nugent 1977 (II): 95 PB6/265	Mr.Charles Roane	CC	451	7 July 1671	2	Oystershell landing in Mapscoe Cr. and ...Wyanoake.
Nugent 1977 (II): 47 PB6/473	William Pebles	CC	862	3 Nov. 1673	7	Tract near the "old Towne Land &c."
Nugent 1977 (II): 146 PB6/510	Hugh Lee	CC	2,000	8 April 1674	40	Warrick Path on s. side of Appomattock River.
Nugent 1977 (II): 154 PB6/154	Edward Richards	CC	1,528	26 Sept. 1674	16	A "small Indian field" is situated within the parcel.
Nugent 1977 (II): 165 PB6/563	Mr. Thomas Cock	CC	1,983	4 Oct. 1675	40	Mongoies Run; run of Chickahominy.
Nugent 1977 (II): 163 PB6/555	Mr. John Stith	CC	636, 1r, 24p	11 May 1675	13	Land leads to a western "Gr. Branch to the Indian Cabbin point."
Nugent 1977 (II): 170 PB6/590	Rowland Place Esqr.	CC	5,579	24 Feb.1675/6	112	Balistan's Path; Indians named John and Toby.
Nugent 1977 (II): 184 PB6/643	John Turner	CC	1,036, 2r, 32p	20 May 1678	21	Place called Arrow Reads; Chickahominy Path.
Nugent 1977 (II): 223 PB7/101	Mr. John Smith	CC	306	28 Sept. 1681	6	A place called Worrockhocke.
Nugent 1977 (II): 279 PB7/381	John Smith	CC	748	26 April 1684	15	Notoway and Tonotara Paths.
Nugent 1977 (II): 279 PB7/387	Francis Leadbeter	CC	548	26 April 1684	11	S. side of Appomattock River at Worrockhock.
Nugent 1977 (II): 213 PB7/545	Mr. George Blighton	CC	1,010	16 Nov. 1686	21	An old Indian field , not far from Southern Run, was located on this property.
Nugent1977 (II): 341 PB8/38	Major Thomas Chamberlin	CC	856	21 April 1690	18	A place called Rehoweck.
Nugent 1977 (II): 349 PB8/78	Adam Taply & William Harryson	CC	1,068	21 April 1690	22	Arroccock Path.

Isle of Wight: (IW). Includes the earlier name of Warrosqoyack, etc.

All by Nugent, vol. as indicated; followed by original patent citation.

Source	Patentee	County	Acres	Date	Headrights	Details
Nugent 1992 (I): 27 PB1/233	Thomas Jordan	Warras-quioake	900	2 July 1635	18	Land near head of Warrasquioke River, and on the westerly side of an old Indian town "at an oake marked with 3 notches."
Nugent 1992 (I): 26 PB1/222	Thomas Butler, clerk & pastor	Warras-quioake	1,000	11 July 1635	18	Within a river falling into the Nansemond Bay, the land ran southerly by an Indian town and Cedar Point.
Nugent 1992 (I): 47 PB1/382	Christopher Reynolds	Warris-quick	450	15 Sept 1636	9	Reference to Pagan shore and an old Indian field belonging to the land.
Nugent 1992 (I): 51 PB1/400	Richard Young	Warwicks-quieck	350	25 Nov. 1636	7	Up the river, south from the "great Indian field."
Nugent 1992 (I): 53 PB1/407	Richard Preston	IW	150	22 Dec. 1636	2	4 miles up the Warwickquick River...bounded by 2 creeks and land know by the Indian name of Husquamps.
Nugent 1992 (I): 98-99 PB1/605	Lt. John Upton	IW	1,500	10 Nov. 1638	30	Land, adjacent to Ambrose Bennet's, includes an Indian path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 329 PB4/25 (39)	Nicholas Smith, Gent.	IW	200	13 March 1655	2	Indian Spring on the James River is at the beginning point of the parcel.
Nugent 1992 (I): 386 PB4/256 (357)	Thomas Harris	IW	1,000	2 Mar. 1658	20	Upon a swamp by the W. branch of the Nansemond River and 2 Indian fields.
Nugent 1992 (I): 516 PB5/375 (414)	Robert Flack (Flake)	IW	200	18 Oct. 1664	4	Land by marked white oak "by John a Pough his Indian Quarter."
Nugent 1977 (II): 59 PB6/232	Mr. Robert Flake	IW	2,400	21 Sept. 1666	9	By John a pouch quarter below the bridge; reference to former patent.
Nugent 1977 (II):13 PB6/45	Thomas Woodward Jr.	IW or Nansemond	1,100	17 April 1667	22	Chawon or Chawonoe River, old Indian field called Mountsack.
Nugent 1977 (II): 53 PB6/207	Capt. Joseph Bridger	IW	1,000	21 Sept. 1668	20	Tract includes "2 Indian fields."
Nugent 1977 (II): 66 PB6/261	Edward Brantley	IW	675	30 Oct. 1669		The Dancing place, a pocoson, Ashen Swamp, Cart path, mill, etc.
Nugent 1977 (II): 77 PB6/300	Mr. Thomas Moore	IW	2,400	10 May 1670	40	Third swamp of Blackwater, Coppahunk Swamp. Reference to former patent.
Nugent 1977 (II): 205 PB7/18	William Scott Jr.	IW	24	21 Jan. 1679	1	North side of Indian Creek Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 206 PB7/21	Thomas Parnell	IW	1,100	20 April 1680	22	Mention of former owners; Currawaugh Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 207 PB7/25	Richard Book	IW	560	20 April 1680	12	Curawaugh Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 217 PB7/72	John Roberts	IW	1,450	23 April 1681	13	Previous owners mentioned; land at head branches of Indian Creek.
Nugent 1977 (II): 232 PB7/139	Mr. William Bush	IW	390	20 April 1682	8	Branch of Currawaugh Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 236 PB7/156	Charles Man	IW	22	20 April 1682	1	Northeast side of Currawaugh Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 237 PB7/158	John Sellaway	IW	250	20 April 1682	5	Branch of Indian Creek Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 238 PB7/164	Mr. John Moor	IW	490	20 April 1682	4	Reference to an earlier patnet; branch of Indian Creek Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 243 PB7/182	John Drake	IW	100	22 Sept. 1682	2	Southwest side of Currawaugh Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 270 PB7/333	Col. Arthur Smith	IW	1,100	20 Nov. 1683	22	South side of Currawaugh Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 288 PB7/446	Mr. Robert Flake	IW	170	20 April 1685	4	Near the "dancing place."
Nugent 1977 (II): 326 PB7/672	William Baldwin	IW	67	20 Oct. 1688	2	Two headrights were Mary, an Indian, and Lan, a Negro.
Nugent 1977 (II): 358 PB8/128	William Fowler	IW	100	28 April 1691	2	Former owners mentioned; southwest side of Currawaugh Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 366 PB8/174	Major Arthur Allen	IW	170	20 Oct. 1691	4	Near the Daning place; former owner.
Nugent 1977 (II): 390 PB8/347	Mr. Richard Reynolds	IW	720	20 April 1694	15	On Cabbin Branch.

James City: (JC) All by Nugent, vol. as indicated; followed by original patent citation.

Source	Patentee	County	Acres	Date	Headrights	Details
Nugent 1992 (I): 31 PB1/283	Thomas Gray	JC	550	6 Nov. 1635	5	Rolf's Creek & references to the time of Sir Thomas Dale.
Nugent 1992 (I): 40 PB1/354	John Dunston	JC	600	1 June 1636	12	Mention of Arroe Reed Swamp & Chippokes Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 40 PB1/372	Humphrey England	JC	200	12 July 1636	4	Chichahominy River & Checkeroes Neck.
Nugent 1992 (I): 58 PB1/428	Richard Bell & Christopher Lawson	JC	500	23 May 1637	5	Indian field.
Nugent 1992 (I): 58 PB1/428	Theodore Moyses	JC	2,000	23 May 1637	40	"Tanks Pasbye hayes" Creek; Chickahominy River.
Nugent 1992 (I): 58 PB1/431	John Dansey	JC	100	25 May 1637	2	"Tanks Pasbye hayes" Creek; Chickahominy River.
Nugent 1992 (I): 61-62 PB1/443	William Mills	JC	350	19 July 1637	7	Smiths Fort.
Nugent 1992 (I): 69 PB1/469	Thomas Ellis	JC	50	24 Aug. 1637	1	Land butts upon Clay bank at the creek mouth and runs up to old Pasbye Hayes called by the name of "Trucking Point."
Nugent 1992 (I): 74 PB1/493	Samuel Curbye	JC	200	29 Oct. 1637	2	Tanks Pasbye Hayes Creek & Chickahominy River.
Nugent 1992 (I): 85 PB1/541	Henry Thompson	JC	150	16 Dec. 1637	2	Previous owners cited; Smith's Fort Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 105 PB1/632	Richard Kemp	JC	1,200	3 Jan. 1638	2	Rich Neck, in Archers Hope Cr.; Pallisadoes of Middle Plantation.
Nugent 1992 (I): 106 PB1/635	Edward Whitaker	JC	100	8 Feb. 1638	2	Pallisadoes of the Middle Plantation.
Nugent 1992 (I): 103 PB1/624	Robert Holt & Richard Bell	JC	500	2 March 1638	8	Checqueroes Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 89 PB1/564	Christopher Lawson	JC	400	1 May 1638	8	Rolph's Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 98 PB1/604	Thomas Crowtch	JC	150	10 Nov. 1638	3	Tappahannock Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 107 PB1/640	Edward Oliver	JC	450	16 April 1639	6	N. side of Chickahominy River, called by Indians "Custipa."
Nugent 1992 (I): 107 PB1/6 41	William Bassett	JC	150	18 April 1639	1	The woods are called Pottacocock by the Indians.
Nugent 1992 (I): 108 PB1/642	Edward Travis	JC	300	25 April 1639	6	Chickahominy River & Warrany Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 127 PB1/762	Richard Brookes	JC	189	22 Jan. 1641		Pasbyhaies. 7 ¼ bb. Mer. Indian corne (rent) at State House.
Nugent 1992 (I): 128 PB1/772	Capt. Robert Hutchinson	JC	100	20 May 1642		Pasbyhaies. Lease- 4 bbls. Mer. Indian corn.
Nugent 1992 (I): 128 PB1/775	Jeremiah Grey	JC	150	22 May 1642	3	Old fort.
Nugent 1992 (I): 139 PB1/855	Steven Webb	JC	128	14 Nov. 1642	3	Upon Lower Chippokes Cr.; called by Indian natives "Potoback."
Nugent 1992 (I): 145 PB1/891	Anthony Coleman	JC	82 ½	21 Sept. 1643		3 bbls. & 1 bu. Of Mer. Indian corn at State House. 21-year lease.
Nugent 1992 (I): 147 PB1/905	Georg Gilbert	JC	50	29 Sept. 1643		Powhetan bridge.
Nugent 1992 (I): 145 PB1/889	Capt. Robert Hutchinson	JC	200	30 Dec. 1643		21-year lease. Pasbyhaies, 8 bbls. Mer. Indian corn at State House.
Nugent 1992 (I): 161 PB2/54	George Wiatt	JC	250	4 Oct. 1645	5	Middle Plantation-along the Pallisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (I): 159-160 PB2/46	Thomas Hill, Gent.	JC	600	10 Oct. 1645		Rich Neck, adj. the Pallisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (I): 160 PB2/[between 48-50]	Gov. William Berkeley & place of Governor	JC	1,090 & 3,000	5-6 June 1646	35	Lease of 70 acres for 21 years; confirmation of 1090 acres to Berkeley due to headrights; Chickahominie Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 175 PB2/140	John Saynes	JC	250	3 July 1648	5	Near Smiths Fort.
Nugent 1992 (I): 176 PB2/145	Thomas Hart	JC	100	3 July 1648	4	Smiths Fort.
Nugent 1992 (I): 177 PB2/151	James Mason	JC	60	8 July 1648	2	Smiths Fort.
Nugent 1992 (I): 177 PB2/150	Wm. Drummond	JC	25	10 Sept. 1648		Annual rent 1 bbl Mer. Indian Corn shelled at Statehouse, James City.
Nugent 1992 (I): 179 PB2/161	Wm. Batt	JC	128	11 April 1649	3	Upon Lower Chipokes Cr., called by "natives of the Indian pacotacke."
Nugent 1992 (I): 202 PB2/264	Edward Knight	JC	400	25 Sept. 1650	8	Richahock Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 202 PB2/264	Edward Knight	JC	140	25 Sept. 1650	8	Chiskroes Creek and Chickahominy River; reference to Bell's patent.
Nugent 1992 (I): 202 PB2/264	Joseph Knight	JC	1,600	25 Sept. 1650	32	Warrany Creek &Chickahominy River. Location close to Richahock Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 215 PB2/320	Mr. Robert Holt	JC	470	20 Jan. 1651	10	Ricahoc Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 228 PB3/3	John Flood	JC	[Not stated]	1 March 1652	3	Powhatan bridge.
Nugent 1992 (I): 277 PB3/200	Mrs. Jane Bland	JC	4,300	9 May 1652		Reference to deceased spouse Edward Bland who purchased former grant to Thomas Hill. Land near head of upper Chippoaks Creek and a path from Swan Bay to the "Indian Fields."
Nugent 1992 (I): 415 PB4/59 (513)	Sir William Berkeley	JC	2,090	9 Oct. 1652		1,090 acres known as Green Spring; 1,000 acres assigned to Berkeley by former owner Robert Wetherell, 11 May 1652. Chickahominy Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 319 PB3/389	John Bromfeild	JC	650	Last of March 1653	13	Nicadawances Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 229 PB3/5	Joseph Knight	JC	2,000	1 July 1653		Mention of former owners; reassigned lands. Close to Ricohoake or Rickohoake Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 282 PB3/225	Richard Vardy	JC	650	Last Nov. 1653	5	Powetan Swamp, Poetan Beaver Swamp, and reference to a patent.
Nugent 1992 (I): 231 PB3/8	Major Robert Holt	JC	1,550	6 April 1654	22	Near Sir William Berkeley; Rickohauke Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 242 PB3/29	Francis Peale	JC & York	50	21 May 1654	1	By the Pallisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (I): 306 PB4/335	John Lynge	JC	300	1 April 1655	6	At head of branch called Tyascond, and near a great Indian field upon the land of Margaret Barrett.
Nugent 1992 (I): 317 PB3/381	Capt. William Whitacre	JC	90	5 June 1656	2	York Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 317 PB3/381	William Dormer	JC	1,100	6 June 1656	20	Mr. Rolfe's Indian field.
Nugent 1992 (I): 336 PB4/52 (77)	William Crumpe & Mr. Humphry Vaulx	JC	1,000	26 Jan. 1656	20	Near Richohock Path; begin at Kiseohonsicke Swamp and head of Weekenoskeekicke (?) Swamp.
Nugent1992 (I): 386 PB4/256 (358)	Mr. John Bromfeild	JC	1,000	5 March 1658		History of former owners such as Thomas Towner & reassignment of lands. References to Mattahuncks Neck, Toorihams Branch, Wickwas Run, Nickadewans Path and a small Indian field in the bottom of Musconte.
Nugent 1992 (I): 361 PB4/155 (227)	Mr. Christopher Harris	JC	450	21 April 1658	9	Richohock Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 378 PB4/219 (316)	John Linge	JC	300	6 Oct. 1658	6	Renewal of patent at head of Tyascond "neere the great Indian field," which is close to the land of Margaret Barrett.
Nugent 1992 (I): 408 PB4/(468) [sic]	Mr. Francis Burnell	JC	1,000	18 Feb. 1660		A branch called by Indian name "Toweywinch"
Nugent 1992 (I): 409 PB4/(478) [sic]	Edmund Price	JC	600	3 May 1661	12	Tract is located near Towywick or Weywick Swamp and begins at "Richard Scruggs corner gum by an Indian path."
Nugent 1992 (I): 392 PB4/281 (384)	Capt. John Underwood	JC	1,200	25 Nov. 1661	24	Land on Ely. Side of Tyascon, Nly. On Rockahock Path. Part of patent, 390 acres, is the remainder of a 7 Feb. 1658 patent by "another."
Nugent 1992 (I): 487 PB5/287 (246)	Major Robert Holt	JC	1,550	8 Jan. 1662		Rickahock Path. Renewal of patent.
Nugent 1992 (I): 474 PB5/247 (174)	Robert Weekes	JC & York	50	18 March 1662		By the Palisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (I): 475 PB5/250 (181)	Roger Womsley	JC & Charles City	900	18 March 1662	18	Nickadewans Path above Pease Hill Run.
Nugent 1992 (I): 492 PB5/303 (275)	Capt. Daniel Parke	JC	528	24 March 1662/3		Former owners cited. Rickahock and Cart Paths & Path that goes to Chickahominy Gate.
Nugent 1992 (I): 502 PB5/332 (331)	William Peawde & George Sanders	JC	1,000	11 Feb. 1663 [sic]		Reference to the same history & descriptions of property (as PB4/256 above) & Thomas Towner who willed property to parties. Includes Nickadewans Path, Muscout, etc.
Nugent 1992 (I): 540 PB5/452 (545)	William Knight	Inheritance	809, 16 ch, .5	14 Sept. 1665		Old Rockahoc Path, Arrow read Swamp, great cart Road to Yorke. Willed to him from father Mr. Joseph Knight.
Nugent 1977 (II): 25 PB6/90	David Crafford	JC	86	7 Aug. 1667		Martins Hundred; Church path; "Dead Man's Stake."
Nugent 1977 (II): 44 PB6/169	Thomas Maples & William Hitchman	JC	200	10 Sept. 1668	4	Property on branches of Warrany Creek.
Nugent 1977 (II):103 PB6/389	William Drummond	Reassigned	1,442	167_	5	Former owners Wm Taylour and Edmond Cowles w/ Phillip Charles named for the years 1638 and 1666 respectively. 5 headrights due Edmund Cowles & Philip Charles.
Nugent 1977 (II): 103 PB6/389	William Drummond	Lease	200	167_		Lease for 99 years in Pasbehayes. Ref. to act, 14 June 1638, to better strengthen James City; the Mayne Land in Pasbehayes to be leased for 21 yrs. Annual rent of 8 bbls. Merchantable Indian corn shelled, at Drummond's house.
Nugent 1977 (II): 150 PB6/519	Phillip Freeman	JC	650	10 March 1673/4		Westham Path. Originally patented, 2 May 1661.
Nugent 1977 (II): 169-170 PB6/586	Thomas Hone Jr. & Thomas Hone	JC	736	5 Oct. 1675	15	Reference to Warrany Swamp and an Indian field.
Nugent 1977 (II): 200 PB6/690	Mr. Henry Hartwell	JC	736	20 May 1679	15	Mention of Warrany Creek, and an Indian field.
Nugent 1977 (II): 211-212 PB7/49	Gingas, King & Indians	Patent	650	10 July 1680		A long narrative about the land they have possessed since 1641 as appeared per "Ancient Pattent" and made mention of Capt. John Savage, et al. Reference made to a court held at James City, 28 Sept. 1674 to settle issue. The Indians were always "in amity with us." Survey made and patent issued by court.
Nugent 1977 (II): 210 PB7/43	Garrett Johnson	Original lost	1,140	10 July 1680	23	Records search for date of original patent, but "by ye miscarriage of some part of ye Records in ye late troubles many matters are missing..."
Nugent 1977 (II): 22 PB7/96	William Browne	JC	970	23 April 1681	2	The Fort land once Thomas Rolfe's, dec'd. Granted to Rolfe 8 Aug. 1653, 25 April 1656, & 16 Oct. 1658.
Nugent 1977 (II): 229 PB7/124	William Peawde	JC	1,000	20 April 1682		Mattahancks Neck; Nickedewans Path; to Indian field in the bottom of Muskout/Maskout. Due to right of survivorship.
Nugent 1977 (II): 251 PB7/221	Mr. John Dean	JC & New Kent	285	22 Dec. 1682		Rickahack Path and Arrow Reed Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 263 PB7/292	Mr. Edward Chilton	JC	2 & 17 chs.	16 April 1683	1	Down James River bank to stake near the brick fort.
Nugent 1977 (II): 265 PB7/300	Nath. Bacon, Esq.	Forfeited land	3 3/8	29 May 1683		Once belonging to Richard Lawrence, "guilty of high treason...not daring to abide a legal tryal, fled for ye same...all goods forfeited."
Nugent 1977 (II): 280 PB7/388	Mr. John Soanes	JC	710	21 April 1684	14	"...down the sound to potters field..." [Indian?]
Nugent 1977 (II): 293 PB7/481	John Turner	JC	134	4 Nov. 1685	3	Chickahominy Gate; Chickahominy Path.
Nugent 1977 (II): 300 PB7/515	Wm. Peawde	JC	400	30 Oct. 1686	5	1663 patent for 1,000 acres; 250 acres residue...partly surplassage land w/in bounds of patent. Nicketewances Path.
Nugent 1977 (II): 313 PB7/597	John Soane	JC	66	27 April 1687	2	Potters field [Indian?].
Nugent 1977 (II): 331 PB7/701	Henry Hartwell	JC	2, 1 rod, 24 ½ poles	20 April 1689	1	"...trench which faceth 2 of the E. bastions of an old ruined turf fort..."
Nugent 1977 (II): 346 PB8/64	John Wade	JC	34	21 April 1690	1	Rockahock and Arrow Reed Paths.
Nugent 1977 (II): 368 PB8/187	Mr. Henry Randolph	JC	66	20 Oct. 1691	2	Deserted by former patentee Soane. Potters Field [Indian?].
Nugent 1977 (II): 387 PB8/323	Mr. Edward Wade	JC	83	20 April 1694	2	Rockahock Path.
Nugent 1977 (II): 387 8/323	Henry Thomson	JC	10	20 April 1694	1	Rockahock and Hotwater Road.
Nugent 1979 (III): 9 PB9/51	Thomas Nesham	JC	168	29 Oct. 1696	4	Nicketowaneos Path.

Surry Patents: (S) All by Nugent, vol. as indicated; followed by original patent citation.

Source	Patentee	County	Acres	Date	Headrights	Details
Nugent 1992 (I): 267 PB3/140	Nicholas Williams	S	200	12 Oct. 1652	4	Land up Smiths Fort Creek, Reedy Swamp, etc.
Nugent 1992 (I): 281 PB3/222	John Bishop & James Mason	S	50	27 Feb. 1653	1	Land located on S.E. side of Tapahanock Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 326 PB4/15 (22)	Samuel Huby & John Carter	S	500	25 Jan. 1655	10	Mention of cart path, bridge and Indian Path along the "black water main branch."
Nugent 1992 (I): 340 PB4/72 (105)	Ralph Dunston	S	350	27 Feb. 1656	7	Reference to Sheapards plantation and an Indian path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 334-335 PB4/47 (71)	Mary Stephens	S	150	17 Dec. 1656	3	Land on a branch of Blackwater; half a mile above the Indian Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 365 PB4/168 (250)	Thomas Harris	S	850	13 Feb. 1657	11	Reference to former owner Mr. John Holmwood's 300 acres in 1650 & 550 acres for headrights. Chipoaks Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 374 PB4/206 (301)	John Corker	S	1,150	20 March 1657		On south side of Grayes Creek called Wayer necke; opposite to the mill, over the swamp to Mr. Rolfe's line. 500 acres purchased of John Kemp on 24 Oct. 1639.
Nugent 1992 (I): 353 PB4/120 (178)	William Edwards	S	490	17 Sept. 1657	120	Land on south side of James River, opposite James City, west upon Crouches Creek which divides it from land once Thomas Rolfe's.
Nugent 1992 (I): 487 PB5/289 (249)	Nicholas Williams	S	200	9 Jan. 1662		Renewal of patent dated 12 Oct. 1652. Land situated up "Smiths fort Cr."
Nugent 1992 (I): 511 PB5/360 (386)	Andrew Robinson & Peleg Dunstand	S	30	20 July 1663	7	Nly. On Major Sheppards plantation, about 3 mi. being on branch of Black Water from the Indian Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 457 PB5/194 (87)	William Seward	S	300	29 Sept. 1664	6	Part of land taken up by Thomas Swan Jr. Located at mouth of white marsh & Indian spring.
Nugent 1977 (II):12-13 PB6/44	Thomas Hunt	S	836	14 March 1666	17	Field known as "King of Weynocks old field."
Nugent 1977 (II):13 PB6/46	Mr. Nicholas Meerewether	S	651	25 April 1667	14	Land begins at white march, upon Indian Spring Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 41 PB 6/155	William Harris	Inheritance	850	2 June 1668		Adj. Rich Neck. Chipoakes Path.
Nugent 1977 (II): 351 8/88	John Whitson	Forfeiture	200	14 Sept. 1672		Real & personal estate to be forfeited. "...so seized committed rebellion & high treason & was for the same legally convicted & executed & also legally attainted, as appears by Act of Assembly of 1680."
Nugent 1977 (II): 125 PB6/452	Bartholomew Owen	S	648	14 May 1673	13	John Chewakins Swamp; previous owners mentioned.
Nugent 1977 (II): 171 PB6/[blank]	Lt. Col. George Jordan	S	690	N.D. [c. 1675/6?]	14	An Indian Path is located on this tract of land near Little Marsh and Cyprus Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 187 PB6/3	Mr. Francis Mason	Inheritance	300	26 Sept. 1678		Tappahannock Creek.
Nugent 1977 (II): 187 PB6/653	William & John Gray	Inheritance	800	28 Sept. 1678		Smith's Fort.
Nugent 1977 (II): 216 PB7/67	Mr. William Edwards	S	590	2 Oct. 1680	1	Tappahannock or Crouche's Creek.
Nugent 1977 (II): 237 PB7/159	Robert Caufield	S	2,250	29 April 1682	26	History of previous owners and deserted lands. Among headrights was an Indian named Jacob.
Nugent 1977 (II): 276 PB7/367	Thomas Smith	S	200	20 April 1684	4	Cypress Swamp of John Chokuck Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 277 PB7/379	Richard Jordan	S	260	20 April 1684	6	Northeast of John Checokuck Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 277 PB7/371	Mr. Henery Baker	S	350	20 April 1684	3	Mention of previous owners & John Chokehocunt Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 278 PB7/376	John Parsons Junr.	S	740	20 April 1684	15	Southwest side of Johnchecohunk Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 287 PB7/439	Mr. Robert Ruffin	S	2,250	20 April 1684	55	Once Joseph Rogers' Pokatinek land.
Nugent 1977 (II): 290 PB7/463	William Rogers & Joshua Proctor	S	900	20 April 1685	18	John Chehockan Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 312 PB7/595	Mr. Henry Hartwell	S	1,960	20 April 1687	40	Previous owners mentioned; Smith's Fort Landing.
Nugent 1977 (II): 329 PB7/671	Richard Jordan	S	200	20 April 1688	4	Johnchounk Swamp.
Nugent 1977 (II): 331 PB7/699	Peter de Berry	S	100	20 Oct. 1688		Previous owners mentioned; escheated land; Smith's Fort.

York County: (Y) Includes the earlier name of Charles River (CR).

All by Nugent, vol. as indicated; followed by original patent citation.

Source	Patentee	County	Acres	Date	Headrights	Details
Nugent 1992 (I): 44 PB1/369	Capt. John West to [unknown person or persons]	CR	50 and 20 by poll	8 Oct. 1630		Fragmentary record: a tract of land called "the forrest" which borders "the cheife residence of the Pamunky King the most dangerous head of the Indian Enemie." Potential settlers are encouraged to seat lands on the south side of the Pamunkye River, now called Charles River, and "then knowne by the Indian name of Chiscake."
Nugent 1992 (I): 79 PB1/513	John Dennett	CR	400	15 Jan. 1637	8	Path from "little Town to Chiskiake," Martin's Hundred.
Nugent 1992 (I):75 PB1/499	John Judson	CR	225	21 Nov. 1637	2	Chiskeiake.
Nugent 1992 (I): 76 PB1/503	John Broche	Y	400	24 Nov. 1637	6	Indian Cabin on Queens Creek
Nugent 1992 (I): 102 PB1/618	Stephen Hamblyn	Y	250	25 Feb. 1638	4	Queens Creek...the marsh to the Pallisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (I): 120 PB1/704	Georg Minifye Esqr.	CR	3,000	9 March 1639	60	Property on W. side of the "Indian fields" and opposite Queens Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 117 PB1/686	John Wilsonn	CR	50	8 Oct. 1639		Land on the S. side of the Pamunkie River (also known as the Charles River) is named Chiskiake by the Indians.
Nugent 1992 (I): 161-162 PB2/59	Capt. Richard Popeley, George Lake, & George Wyatt	Y	400	12 April 1642		Lake & Wyatt, coopers...adj. the "Midle House...W. upon the Pallisadoes, etc."
Nugent 1992 (I): 186 PB2/192	Nicholas Brooke Sr.	Y	500	12 July 1642		Middle Plantation...S.W. upon the Palisadoe.
Nugent 1992 (I): 167 PB2/94	John Broach	Y	300	9 July 1646	6	Near the Middle Plantation, upon the Horse Path, and..."E. upon the Indian Spring."
Nugent 1992 (I): 167 PB2/90	Nicholas Brooke the Younger	Y	500	13 Aug. 1646		Lying S.W. upon the Palisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (1): 224 PB2/360	Nicholas Brooke the Younger	Y	500	13 Aug. 1646		Middle Plantation.bound S.W. by the Pallisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (I): 162 PB2/62	Richard Lee, Gent.	Y	1,250	20 Aug. 1646	25	A neck of land between two branches where the "foot company" met w/ the boats "when they went pomunkey March" under the command of "Capt. William Clairborne."
Nugent 1992 (I): 175 PB2/141	William Barrett	Y	700	7 June 1648	14	Easternmost side of Chickahominy River, "Warrany ould town," and Warrany Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 187 PB2/195	Manwarring Hamon, Esqr.	Y	3,760	15 March 1649	63	S. side of York River, called Fort Royall.
Nugent 1992 (I): 181 PB2/169	Mr. William Hoccaday	Y	1,346	6 June 1649	18	York River and Warreny Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 210-211 PB2/304	Thomas Gibson	Y	900	3 April 1651	6	A branch of the swamp known as Queens Creek includes "some Indian fields."
Nugent 1992 (I): 222 PB2/352	Joseph Croshaw	Y	1,000	10 Dec. 1651	20	Patented lands known as Poplar Neck is S.W. of the Indian field.
Nugent 1992 (I): 272 PB3/165	Henry Tyler	CR	254	7 Jan. 1652	6	Bounded S.E. upon the Pallisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (I): 246-247 PB3/39	James Besouth	Y	98	19 March 1652	1	Indian Spring Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 258 P B3/93	Capt. John West, Esqr.	"Narrows of Yorke River"	850	3 July 1652	17	Reference to a creek called Tancks Maccadegums and Armogotegue (or Annogotegue).
Nugent 1992 (I): 227 PB3/1	Mr. Joseph Croshaw	Y	700	2 March 1653	14	By old mill...to Ricohock Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 250 PB3/54	Mr. Joseph Croshaw	Y	700	2 March 1653	14	Ricohack Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 235 PB3/16	Major Wm. Lewis	"S. side the freshes of York River"	362	1 July 1653	8	"Totopotomoy his fort called Asiskewincke."
Nugent 1992 (I): 242 PB3/29	Francis Peale	Y & JC	50	21 May 1654	1	By the Pallisadoes.
Nugent 1992 (I): 241 PB3/28	Thomas Holmes	Y	434	25 May 1654	3	Tract begins "at head of a branch issueing into Pachimon tree branch" and S. by an "Indian path als. Indian field path."
Nugent 1992 (I): 288 PB3/263	Robert Wild	Y	800	10 June 1654		References to former owners, Old Mill Swamp at head of Queens Creek, Old Mill Path and Richohock Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 291 PB3/274	Phillip Chesly & Daniel Wild	Y	750	10 June 1654	15	Reference to Old Mill on Queens Creek, Skemino Swamp & Ricohock Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 310 PB3/354	Phillip Chesly & Nicholas Merywether	[Not stated]	1,000	7 June 1655	20	Skemeno Swamp, adj. to Robert Wild; Ricohock Path.
Nugent 1992 (I): 324 PB4/10 (14)	Mr. Robert Bourne & Mr. Daniel Parke	Y	580	8 Oct. 1655	12	Warreny, Hot Water, Richohock Paths.
Nugent 1992 (I): 480 PB5/268 (213)	Lt. Col. William Barber	Y	596	18 March 1662	2	Reference to former patents. Land near the head of Felgates Marsh, the Indian field and next Canoes land.
Nugent 1992 (I): 474 PB5/249 (178)	Daniel Wild	Inheritance	800	18 March 1662		Land granted to Robert Wild & willed to Daniel Wild.
Nugent 1992 (I): 478-479 PB5/263	John Horsington, Gent.	Y	350	18 March 1662	1	Rockahock Path; reassigned land; 1 headright.
Nugent 1977 (II): 34 PB6/123	Daniel Wild	Y	1,484	19 March 1662		Rickahock, Hott Water & Warranie Paths.
Nugent 1992 (I): 440 PB5/140 (7)	Thomas Meekins	[Not stated]	125, 4 ch, .25 decimal parts	20 March 1662		Former owners cited- reassigned land; Mill Swamp, Rickahock Path from Queens Creek.
Nugent 1992 (I): 399 PB4/308 (422)	Capt. Daniel Parke	Y	580	20 Sept. 1662	12	Warrany, Hot Water, Richahock Paths.
Nugent 1992 (I): 480-481 PB5/269 (215)	Gabriell Jones	Y	300	8 Sept. 1664		References made to previous grants and escheated lands. Near Middle Plantation. Land is "N. by E. upon Indian Spring," which once belonged to his father Richard Jones and now granted to him through his mother Elizabeth Jones and court.
Nugent 1977 (II): 122 PB6/441	James Besouth	Y	176	15 Dec. 1672	2	Indian Spring Path.
Nugent 1977 (II): 261-262 PB7/280	John Page, Esqr.	Y	330	16 April 1683		One of Majestie's Council; reference to "old pales and old Pallisado." Long history of land transactions given.
Nugent 1977 (II): 396 PB8/394	Lewis Burwell	Y & Gloucester at Kiskeyack	1,200	26 Oct. 1694		Pamunkey River; once owned by Hon. Nathaniel Bacon, Esqr.; escheated from his wife Elizabeth.

Tithables:

Charles City:

Source	Head of List:	Number of Tithables	Date & Parish	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
McIlwaine 1915:88	County	532	1653	22 lbs. per poll			Public Levy.
McIlwaine 1914:176	County	714	10 Nov. 1682	89 lbs. per poll			Total: 63,546.
des Cognets 1981:11	County	21,327	8 July 1702				169,901 acres in county.

Isle of Wight County:

Source	Head of List:	Number of Tithables	Date & Parish	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
McIlwaine 1915: 89	County	673	1653	22 lbs. per poll			Public Levy.
McIlwaine 1914:177	County	735	10 Nov. 1682	89 lbs. per poll			Total: 6,4515.
des Cognets 198:14	County	876	8 July 1702				130,496 acres in county.

James City:

Source	Head of List:	Number of Tithables	Date & Parish	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Mass. Historical Society 1871: 162163-	Unknown author of "Virginia's Deplored Condition"	Document	1676	Narrative			Usually met once a year at Jamestown to assess public charge such as the Indian war or other exigencies, which seldom amounts to above 20 lbs. tobo. p poll for every male aged 21 and up.
McIlwaine 1914:176	County	982	10 Nov. 1682	89 lbs. per poll			Total: 87,398.
des Cognets 1981:13	County	1,393	8 July 1702				108,366 acres in Public Levy.

Surry:

Source	Head of List:	Number of Tithables	Date & Parish	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
McIlwaine 1915: 89	County	518	1653	22 lbs. per poll			Public Levy.
Surry Co. Etc. 1:347	Mr. Edwards & John Phillips	2	1669				An Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 147	Mr. Thomas Busby	6	1677 upper end of Southwark				Henry Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 146	Samuell Swann	6	10 June 1677 Lawnes Cr. & Blkwater				An Indian woman.
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 188a	Mr. Thomas Busby	5	June 1678 Sunken Marsh to ye upper end of Surry				An Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 188a	William Reade	4	7 June 1678 Sunken Marsh to ye upper end of Surry				Mathias, an Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 226a	Mr. Thomas Busby	5	27 May 1679 from Sunken Marsh upwards				Henry, an Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 269b	James Cane	5	17 May 1680				Negroes at Indyan Spring.
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 292b	William Browne	10	8 June 1681 Surry				Negroes at Indyan Spring.
McIlwaine 1914:177	County	486	10 Nov. 1682	89 lbs. per poll			Total: 4,325.
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 336a	Mr. John King	3	10 June 1683 above Sunken Marsh				John, an Indyan
Surry Co. Etc. 2: 335a	Mrs. Elizabeth Holt	4	12 June 1683 Lawnes Cr.				Bess, an Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc. 3:5b	Mrs. Elizabeth Holt for Thomas Macklennin (?)	3	5 June 1684 Lawnes Cr.				Bess, an Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc. 3:7a	Mr. Thomas Busby	4	10 July 1684 Sunken Marsh upwards				Con and Ann, two Indyans.
Surry Co. Etc. 3:7a	Mr. John King	3	10 July 1684 Sunken Marsh upwards				Jno: Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc. 3:35b	Mr. John King	2	1685, Upper Sunken Marsh upwards				Jno. Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc. 3:36a	Mr. Thomas Busby	4	1685 Upper Sunken Marsh upwards				Con, an Indyan boy.
Surry Co. Etc. 3:68b	Mr. John King	2	11 June 1686 above Sunken Marsh				Jno. Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc. 3:68b	Mr. Thomas Busby	6	11 June 1686 above Sunken Marsh				Con, an Indyan.
Surry Co. Etc.4:5a	Benjamin Harrison	21	10 June 1687 Upper Sunken Marsh				An Indian girl.
Surry Co. Etc.4:5b	Mr. William Edwards	7	11 June 1687 Lower Pct. of Southwark				Kiquotan.
Surry Co. Etc.4:65a	Thomas Tyas	4	June 1688, Sunken Marsh upwards				Jno. Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:65a	Mr. Thomas & Jeffrey Busby	5	June 1688 Sunken Marsh upwards				Con, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:65b	Benjamin Harrison	17	June 1688 Sunken Marsh upwards				One Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:65b	Coll. William Browne	11	11 June 1688 Sunken Marsh upwards				Negroes at Indian Spring.
Surry Co. Etc.4:66a	Mr. William Edwards	8	9 June 1689 Surry				Jno. Kiketan.
Surry Co. Etc.4:119b	Mr. Thomas & Jeffrey Busby	4	10 June 1689 Sunken Marsh upwards				Con, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:120a	Benjamin Harrison	22	10 June 1689 Sunken Marsh upwards				One Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:121a	Mr. William Edwards	10	15 June 1689 Sunken Marsh				Jack Kicotan.
Surry Co. Etc.4:152a	Thomas Busby	11 [sic —should be 10]	1690 Lower Parish of Lawnes Creek				An Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:149b	Mr. Thomas Busby	5	10 June 1690 Surry				Con, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:150a	Benjamin Harrison	20	10 June 1690 Surry				I Indyan woman.
Surry Co. Etc.4:151a	Mr. William Edwards	11	9 June 1690 Surry				Jno. Kicotan.
Surry Co. Etc.4:218a	Mr. William Edwards	13	8 June 1691 Surry				Jno. Kiquatan.
Surry Co. Etc.4:219a	Mr. Caufield's Qtr.	3	8 June 1691 Sunken Marsh				Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:216b	Benjamin Harrison Sr.	22	10 June 1691 Surry				One Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:216b	Mr. Thomas Busby	4	10 June 1691 Surry				Con, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:280a	Phillip Gibbs	7	8 June 1692 at Mr. Canfield's [sic]				Tom: Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:280b	Thomas & Jeffrey Busby	4	8 June 1692 above Upper Sunken Marsh				Con, Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:280b	John Good	4	8 June 1692 above Upper Sunken Marsh				Herkolus, an Indian [so named due to physique?].
Surry Co. Etc.4:280b	Benjamin & Benajmin Harrison [sic]	20	8 June 1692 above Sunken Marsh				An Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:281b	Mr. William Edwards	15	10 June 1692 Surry				Jacke Cickoquotan, Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:332a	Mrs. Elizabeth Caufield for Edwd. Broxum	8	10 June 1693 Lawnes Creek				Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:332b	Thomas & Jeffrey Busby	4	10 June 1693 Upper Sunken Marsh				Con, Indian.
Surry Co. Etc.4:332b	Mr. John Good	5	10 June 1693 Upper Sunken Marsh				Buriedlions Chappell, an Indian man.
Surry Co. Etc.4:332b	Benjamin Harrison	18	10 June 1693 Upper Sunken Marsh				One Indian woman.
Surry Co. Etc.4:333b	Mr. William Edwards	13	10 June 1693 Surry				Jno. Kiquotan, Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:21b	Benjamin Harrison	19	2 July 1694 Upper Sunken Marsh				One Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:22a	Mr. William Edwards	13	9 June 1694 Surry				Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:23a	Mrs. Elizabeth Caufield	7	9 June 1694 Lawnes Creek				Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:59b	Mr. John Good	4	10 June 1695 Sunken Marsh				Herkilus.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:59b	Benjamin & Nathaniel Harrison	20	10 June 1695 Sunken Marsh				One Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:60b	John Kicotan	1	8 June 1695				An Indian as indicated by name. [Stands on his own from this point onward.]
Surry Co. Etc. 5:60b	Mr. William Edwards	9	8 June 1695				Tho: Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:60a	Thomas Bage	4	10 June 1695 Middle Pct., Southwark				James, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:61a	Mrs. Elizabeth Caufield	9	15 June 1695 Lawnes Creek				Tho: Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:61b	Richard Bitton	2	15 June 1695 Lawnes Creek				Jack Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:108b	Mr. John Good	3	June 1696 above Upper Sunken Marsh				Herkelus, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:108b	Benjamin & Nathaniel Harrison	19	June 1696 above Upper Sunken Marsh				One Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:109b	Jno. Keekitan	1	6 June 1696 Southwark				One of many varied spellings of his name.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:109a	Thomas Bage	4	10 June 1696 Middle Pct. of Southwark				James, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:134b	Mrs. Caufield	8	1697 Lawnes Creek				Tom: Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:135a	William Chambers	3	1697 Lawnes Creek				Jack Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:137a	Thomas Haynes	15	10 June 1697 Upper Pct., Southwark, above Stony Run				One Indian woman.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:137b	Mr. John Good	3	10 June 1697 Upper Pct., Southwark, above Stony Run				Harcolus.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:189a	Thomas Bage	3	10 June 1698 Southwark				Jamey, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:190b	Edward Green	2	10 June 1698 Upper Pct., Southwark				George, Indian boy.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:190b	Mr. Benjamin Harrison	15	10 June 1698 Upper Pct. Southwark				Frank, an Indian woman.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:190b	Mr. John Good	3	10 June 1698 Upper Pct. Southwark				Hercules, Indian man.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:191a	William Chambers	2	10 June 1698 Lawnes Creek				Jack, Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:191a	John Kicotan	1	10 June 1698 Lower Pct. Lawnes Creek
Surry Co. Etc. 5:191a	Madam Caufield	9	10 June 1698 Lower Pct. Lawnes Creek				Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:194b	Madam Elizabeth Canfield	8	1699 Lower Pct. of Lawnes Creek				Tom Indian
Surry Co. Etc. 5:193b	Mr. James Mason	4	3 June 1699 Lower Pct., Southwark				Jemmy, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:194a	William Chambers	2	9 June 1699 Lawnes Creek				Jack Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:193a	Thomas Bage	3	8 June 1699 Middle Pct., Southwark				Jemmy, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:208a	Mr. Joseph Jackson	19	8 June 1700 Lawnes Creek				Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:192b	William Edmunds	2	10 June 1699 Upper Pct. Southwark				Umber [?], an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:192b	Edward Green	3	10 June 1699 Upper Pct. Southwark				George, Indian man, and Jone, Indian woman.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:208a	Jack Kickatan	1	8 June 1700 Lawnes Creek
Surry Co. Etc. 5:208b	William. Chambers	2	8 June 1700 Lawnes Creek				Jack, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:209a	William Edmunds	2	10 June 1700 Upper Pct. Southwark				Ventur, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:209a	Edward Greene	4	10 June 1700 Upper Pct., outhwark				George and Joane, Indians.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:232a	Edward Greene	4	1701, Upper Pct., Surry County, above Stony Run				George and Joane, Indians.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:232b	William Edmunds	2	1701, Upper Pct., Surry County, above Stony Run				Venter, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:234a	Mr. Thomas Drew	8	1701 Lawnes Creek				Tom, Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:234a	William Chambers	2	1701 Lawnes Creek				Jack, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:234b	John Kecatan	1	1701 Lawnes Creek
Surry Co. Etc. 5:234b	Mr. Jackman	18	1701 Lawnes Creek				Tom Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:258b	John Kickatan	1	1702 Lawnes
Surry Co. Etc. 5:359a	Mr. Thomas Drew	8	1702 Lawnes				Peter, Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:359a	William Jackson	1	1702 Lawnes				At (?) Chyoak ("Wm. Jackson Chyoak").
Surry Co. Etc. 5:233a	Mr. James Mason	4	10 June 1702 Middle & Lower Southwark				James, Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:256b	Mrs. Elizabeth Mason ye Younger	6	10 June 1702 Southwark				James, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:257b	Edward Goff	1	10 June 1702 Southwark				Described as an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:257b	William Edmund	2	10 June 1702 Southwark				Venter, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:257b	Edward Greene	6	10 June 1702 Southwark				George & Joane, Indians.
des Cognets 1981:18	County	739	8 July 1702				102,425 acres in all.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:289b	Mr. Ethelred Taylor	4	9 June 1703 Lower Southwark				James, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:288a	Col. Benjamin Harrison	2	10 June 1703 Upper Pct., Southwark				At Coppahonk.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:288a	William Edmonds	2	10 June 1703 Upper Pct., Southwark				Venter, an Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:288b	Edward Green	4	10 June 1703 Upper Pct., Southwark				George & Joane, Indians.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:290b	William Chambers	3	10 June 1703 Lawnes Creek				Jack, Indian.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:291a	Mr. Benjamin Chapman	9	10 June 1703 Lawnes Creek				Lewis and Lawrence, Indians.
Surry Co. Etc. 5:	John Kickotan	1	10 June 1703 Lawnes Creek

York County:

Source	Head of List:	Number of Tithables	Date & Parish	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Duvall 1961:7	Richard Webley, William Barber & Anthony Heynes		Last & 27 Nov. 1657 court	Depositions re abuses			Both Webley and Barber give testimony about Joseph Croshaw, late sheriff of the county, who was appointed to take a list of tithables. Croshaw has taken them to "his own use" and "to the extraordinary abuse of the Colony." Barber added that there were about 1,000 lbs. tobo. According to Anthony Heynes, undersheriff, Croshaw wanted the clerk to deduct from many tithables as would satisfy the amount cited.
Duvall 1961:19	Capt. Ralph Langley, High Sheriff		24 Feb. 1657 court	Levy & overcharges			Langley is allowed for "29 tithables overcast and overcharged this year in the List of Tithables for such tob. as he paid persons levy amounted to."
Duvall 1961:47	Mrs. Frances Bouth, widow, Maj. Joseph Croshaw		26 Oct. 1658 court	Motion			Mrs. Bouth, Maj. Joseph Croshaw & Capt. Langley 's motion: the sheriff to "distreyne for such fees as are due to them or any of them in this County in case of delinquincy or non-payment." Any individuals so charged must show evidence of payment in court.
McIlwaine 1914:179	County	1,041	10 Nov. 1682				Total: 92649
des Cognets 1981:19	County	1,180	8 July 1702				61,196 acres

Virginia Colonial Records Project (Public Records Office):

Charles City:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Neville 1976: 146 C.O. 5/1371, Pt. II, folios 220-222	William Berkeley & Wm. Hunt	Inventory	1677	2,000 lbs. Tobo. re Taroo and 800 lbs. re boy	Taroo or Teroo and an Indian boy		1 Red trading cloth blanket; 2 tanned deerskins; 2 Negro man & woman servants and 1 English maid servant. Wife named Anne. Berkeley sold Indians to Major White.

Isle of Wight:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
C.O. 5/1371, folios 161-162	Inhabitants of Isle of Wight Co.	Document	1676/77				A complaint was made about sending Indian forces to find out and apprehend their "Christian Neighbours as they terme them." They also want the county to be freed from charges of building forts on the frontiers against the Indians, "which they find fault with."

James City:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Wyatt 1621/22-1626: 224	Gov. & Council?	Order	3 March 1622/3				Warrant: To keep the 22^nd of March in holy remembrance of the 1622 massacre.
Neville 1976: 48 C.O. 1/136, folios 111-112	[Unknown]	Document	[N.D.]				Received June 1676. Present danger is greater than in 1622 when the Indians murdered so many inhabitants. 500 men are under arms w/o commission from the Gov., & disregard Gov.'s proclamation. Objection w/ high taxes on all. People revolted agst. it in 1674 but now the discontent is deeper.
Neville 1976: 49 C.O. 1/136, folio 139	Petitioners to Gov.	Petition	[N.D.]				The Indians have already murdered several people there [at Jordan's?].
Neville 1976: 49 C.O. 1/136, folios 142-143	John Bland of London to the King	Statement	[N.D.]				Since the Dutch do not permit the English to trade w/ their Indians, the English should forbid the Dutch to trade w/ their Indians; and admittance of the Dutch in Va. & Md. spoils the trade.
Neville 1976:143 C.O. 5/1371, folios 134vo-138ro	Commissioners to the King	Letter	[N.D.]				Upon conclusion of peace w/ the Indians, want presents amounting to £120; to consist of crowns, coronets, purple robes & badges for the Chiefs (each described).
Neville 1976:143 C.O. 5/1371, folios 134vo-138ro	Commissioners to the King	Letter	[N.D.]				Upon conclusion of peace w/ the Indians, want presents amounting to £120; to consist of crowns, coronets, purple robes & badges for the Chiefs (each described).
Neville 1976:50 C.O. 1/136, folios 213-218	Petitioners from Md. & Va. to the King	Complaint & Petition	1676				The Indians [in Md.] are induced by "a popish Divell" to come to Va. to do mischief. Sir Wm. Berkeley sent a contingent to Lord Baltimore, requesting assistance agst. Indians. He has raised 1000 men to fight the Indians. Details about the war w/ the Indians included.
Neville 1976:238-239 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Samuel Wiseman, Principal Clerk	Document	April 1676				Letter to Sir William Berkeley, requesting information about: 1) what forts are w/in his government and "how situated and provisioned" and 2) the condition of their trade with Indians and neighbors.
Neville 1976:44-45 C.O. 1/136, folios 65-66	Sir William Berkeley to ? [sic]	Letter	1 April 1676				Some Indians killed people in Md. & Va. "but we quickly destroyed most of those" while others fled to the mts. Frontiers strengthened so there is no fear of Indians, even if they were ten times stronger. The English, however, still hold too much land, which can't be undone because these are grants by the King. No immediate danger if we can obtain powder & ammunition now.
Neville 1976: 45-46 C.O. 1/136, folios 67-68	Sir William Berkeley to Mr. Ludwell	Letter	1 April 1676				Taxes necessary because of the danger of the Indians, who have killed 2 or 3 men in Patomak as well as in Md. Another party killed about 36 men, women & children and 2 men held at Bird's House were "most foolishly lost." General Assembly ordered 500 men to be raised immediately to defend heads of rivers. Hopes "seditious spirits amongst ourselves: will not make it difficult to defeat the enemy..."
Neville 1976: 49 C.O. 1/136, folio 138	William Travers to Mr. Giles Cale	Letter	13 May 1676				The Governor is at the falls of the James River, expecting the enemy. Gave orders for men to be raised.
Neville 1976: 50 C.O./1/37, folio 1	William Sherwood to Sir Joseph Williamson	Letter	1 June 1676				General Assembly decided in March that forts should be built at heads of rivers to protect country agst. Indians, dividing the charges as much as possible.
Neville 1976:339 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	James City County	Grievances	1677	Safety concerns			Newly erected forts, built with great expense, would be of no use. Assembly should examine the great sums levied- they think they are now satisfied.
Neville 1976:339-340 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	James City County	Grievances	1677				1) Indians paint & disfigure themselves, which should be forbidden when peace is made, and 2) that Indian traders be restrained. Trade should be open to them two or three times a year at appointed markets while clerks would record disposal of arms & ammunition. 3) Indian slaves, "taken in the late wars, should be disposed of to public profit," not to be left in hands of private individuals. These slaves were found to belong to the Queen of Pamunkey & other friendly nations, so according to the late peace, the slaves shall be restored to them.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folio 244	Sir William Berkeley	Inventory	1677	Sold to ship master			Indian girl, 13, taken to England.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folios 237-8	John Iles	Inventory	1677				Of Isle of Wight-wife Mary. Condemned at Greenspring & executed.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folio 247	Wm. Berkeley/ Wm. Scarburgh	Inventory	1677				Of Surry. Wife Naomi. 450 seasoned oak plank taken to Green Spring for Berkeley's use in aftermath of Bacon's Rebellion.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, , folio 250	John Turner	Inventory	1677				Condemned at Green Spring. Goods taken to Green Spring.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folio 248	Robert Stokes	Inventory	1677				Condemned at Green Spring. Executed at Isle of Wight in aftermath of Bacon's Rebellion.
Neville 1976: 75-76 C.O. 1/40, folios 247-248	Thomas Notley to Gov. of Va.	Letter	22 June 1677				Lt. Gov. of Md. States that "Indians give presents w/ every demand or article of peace, which they also expect from the English." Inquired whether Va. Wanted to be included. If so, what presents shall they give?
Neville 1976:122 C.O. 5/1355, folios 240-243	Privy Council to Col. Jeffreys	Circular letter	18 Dec. 1677				Inquiry about the effects of the late rebellion upon planting & trade in Va.
Neville 1976: 87 C.O. 1/42, folios 111-112	Thomas Ludwell to ? [sic]	Letter	17 April 1678				Feels the danger of renewed attacks by the Indians in case of war w/ the French.
Neville 1976:127 C.O. 5/1355, folios 326-356	Privy Council to Thomas Lord Culpeper	Order	6 Dec. 1679				Indians to be allowed English justice & protection; restoration of liberty to the Queen of Wianoke's brother who had been taken to England as hostage by Berkeley; and religious toleration "extended to persons of different persuasions from Protestant one."
Neville 1976:196 P.C. 2/67, folios 157, 160	Privy Council, Whitehall	Instructions	16 April 1679				150 barrels of gunpowder to be sent to Lord Culpeper in Virginia. Culpeper to return the same amount of old powder in exchange.
Neville 1976: 96 C.O. 1/44, folio 131	Nicholas Spencer to ? [sic]	Letter	18 March 1679/80				Doubtful about any effective treaty w/ Indians. Gov. & Council ordered Col. Wood to negotiate w/ Indians who did not show up on an appointed day at Jamestown. The late murder probably due to revenge in view of the fact that Capt. Byrd killed 7 Indians & imprisoned their wives & children on suspicion of murdering the English. Not surprised at failure of treaty.
Neville 1976:130 C.O. 5/1356, folios 30-61	King Charles II to Lord Culpeper	Instructions	27 Jan. 1681				All planters & "Christian servants" are to be well armed and to avoid too frequent and unnecessary marches." Forts to be constructed.
Neville 1976:133 C.O. 5/1357, folios 20-61	King James II to Lord Howard of Effingham	Instructions	13 Aug. 1685				The killing of Indians & slaves.
C.O. 5/1357, folios 222-224	Gov. & Council to King James II	Letter	1 May 1688				Now that "the Indians have dwindled from a numerous population to a small weak and indigenous one," the Council requests that the lands on Pamunkey-Neck and the Southside of Black-water be surveyed and occupied by Virginians. Waste lands will be utilized and protect the "weak Indians from attacks from foreign tribes."
C.O. 5/1357, folios 214-222	Col. Nicholas Spencer to Lord President [of the Committee for ...Plantations]	Letter	17 May 1688				In Spencer's account of the current state of affairs in Virginia, he stated that the colony is at peace but "suffering froma great drought."

Surry:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folio 246	John Whitson	Inventory	1677				Of Surry-executed. Goods include 12 bbls. of new & old corn.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folio 247	Wm. Berkeley/ Wm. Starburgh	Inventory	1677				Of Surry. Wife Naomi. 450 seasoned oak plank taken to Green Spring for Berkeley's use in aftermath of Bacon's Rebellion.

York:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Neville 1976:303-304 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Nathaniel Bacon the Rebel & his men	Document	1676	March			Bacon marched towards York to pursue the Pamunkey Indians who lived near the English. They were suspected because of their familiarity w/ English customs, advantages of the country, and capable of doing damage. Bacon disregarded of fact that the Queen of Pamunkey & her people had never, at any time, betrayed or injured the English. Marched on path towards a main one, belied to lead to their camps but found nothing. A path led them to several Pamunkey cabins by a swamp. Ten Indians, who were employed by Bacon "to spy out the ground," were discovered by a "contrary party" of Indians whose firing gave the alarm to the English. Bacon and party killed one Indian woman & took one little Indian child. In another march, Bacon & party found another Indian path which led to the camp of Indian Nations and fell upon them. Most escaped except for two or three men and as many women. They took a half-starved young Nanjatico Indian woman.
Neville 1976:304-305 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Nathaniel Bacon the Rebel & his men & Queen of Pamunkey's grievances	Document	1676	Plunder estimated not less than £600-700.			During Bacon's march to York and raid upon the Pamunkeys, scouts warned the Queen of Pamunkey's of Bacon's approach. She fled, leaving behind all of her goods, Indian corn & vessels, and did all she could to avoid "giving offence to the English, whom she had ever reverenced." Commanded that her people not fire or shoot at the English if they came upon them; her nurse, a decoy, was killed by the English when they realized her ruse; and of her Indians were killed. Bacon attacked another Indian camp the next day, but Indians fled. Some were killed while others were taken prisoners (later sold by Bacon and Berkeley, except for 5 restored to the Queen of Pamunkey by Bacon's general, Ingram). Bacon's forces also took Indian mats, baskets, matchcote, parcels of Wampampeag & Roanoke in bags, skins, furs, linen and other English goods which the Queen valued, along w/ 3-4 horseloads of goods. The Queen of Pamunkey fled for her life; found the body of a Indian woman which so terrified her & continued her flight into the woods; was lost in the woods for 14 days; and nearly starved to death. She survived by eating a leg of terrapin found by a little boy who accompanied her. No necessity could "incline her to adhere to Bacon's overtures."
Neville 1976:360 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	York County	Grievances	1677	Complaints			Complaint of "dilatory proceedings" against the Indians and the "fatal errors" made by the Gov. and Assembly regarding the management of the Indian war.
Neville 1976:316 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	John Berry & Francis Moryson to King Charles II	Report	20 July 1677	Full restitution			Ingram, Walklette and Langston made "full restitution" of the plunder taken from the Indians and the English, w/ the "exception of the Indian plunder. The latter Sir William Berkeley called his own" even though it was taken by ebel Walklett.

Abstracts: News & Ideas Brought Concerning Virginia:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Details
Neville 1976:56 S.P. 29/403, folio 56	Morgan Lodge to Williamson	Letter/Ship's report	[N.D.]	Intertribal warfare	News: Capt. Martin of the ship, Friends Incress, reports that all is quiet except that the Indians are at war with one another; they have asked Governor Jeffries not to concern himself w/ either side & they will not give him any disturbance; that the neighboring Indians caused the English to war on all of them; and this along w/ suffering of the Indians in the remoter parts has caused the war.
Brown 1964:604-605	George Chapman	"The Memorable Maske of the two Honorable Houses or Inns of Court"	15 Feb. 1613	Masked event	Performed before the King at White-Hall, 15 Feb. 1613: "The chief maskers were in Indian habits, with high spriged feathers on their heads, their vezirds of olive collour, hayre black and lardge waving downe to their shoulders"...musicians attired like Virginian priests, who were supposed to adore the sun... Two poems concerning the Virginia priests and princes follow this description.
Brown 1964:739-740 [Vol. 2591, folio 115]	Don Diego Sarmiento y Acuña to Philip III, King of Spain	Letter	17 Oct. 1614	Colony's reputation	Conditions in Virginia: the same as I report to Y.M. on the first...those who are there are there against their free will. The Colony now has such ill repute that no human being "can be found to go there in any way whatever." Even two thieves in London, when offered by the Mayor to go to Virginia instead of receiving death by hanging, refused. They preferred to die quickly rather than "die slowly" like "so many deaths as was the case in Virginia."
Brown 1964:260-261	Privy Council, Whitehall to Mayor & Aldermen of Canterbury	Declaration re Lottery	22 Feb. 1615	Lottery	"A Declaration for the certaine time of drawing the great standing Lottery" featured costumed Virginia Indians named Eiakintomino and Matahan w/ their bows & arrows. "Imprinted at London by Felix Kyngston for William Welby, the 22. Of Februarie, 1615."
Brown 1964: 774-776 [Ternaux Compans Catalogue, Grenville Collection]	Unknown	Tract	April 1616	Improved conditions	"State of the Colony and affairs in Virginia:" For the "speedy reducing of that barbarous Nation, and savage people, to a quiet, Christian Common-wealth"; a "poore remnant" of men & women in Virginia are to build up "that intended Colonie." Now it came to pass "a very good and prosperous condition."
Manahan 1946: 244	Sir Thomas Dale, Pocahontas, et al.	Arrival in England	May 1616		Sir Thomas Dale, Pocahontas, other Indians, possibly Angelo ("a negro woman") and other English people arrive at Plymouth, England in May 1616.
Thorndale 1995:169	4 Indians	Enumeration	1619	Census	"Indians in the service of seu[er]all planters."
Brown 1964:890 [Also Farrer 1936:112-113.]	Nicholas Ferrar Sr., skinner	Will	23 March 1619	Bequests	Will stipulated that £300 is be given to the College in Virginia, to be paid "when there are ten of the Infidels children placed in it." Until that occurs, £24 to be given to three "discreete" & "godly men in the Colony," to "honestly bring up three of the Infidels children in the Christian Religion" and "good course to live by."
Brown 1964: 801	Lord Bacon	Bacon's Essay of Plantations.	1620-1624	Treatment of Indians	Plantations: "If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and gingles, but use them justly and graciously, with sufficient guard nevertheless. Do not win their favor by helping them to invade their enemies, but for their defense it is not amiss; and send off of them over to the country that plants, that they may see a better condition than their own, and commend it when they return."
Chamber of Commerce 1902-3: 6	Grave of Powhatan	Reference	No date		Picture of: "Headstone, Powhatan's Grave, Old Mayo Place, Eastern Suburbs of Richmond."
Neville 1976:204 S.P. 29/380, folio 181	Phi. Lanyon, Plymouth to Williamson	Letter/Ship's report	14 April 1676	Attack	News: Col. Washington commanded a body who met the Indians; fought, beat & drove them to their garrison; overtook garrison; and put all to the sword.
Neville 1976:204 S.P. 29/380, folio 184	Nath. Osborne at Waymouth to Williamson	Letter/Ship's report	14 April 1676	Attack	News: Indians came to Potoxon or Potopan and overcame the English, killing nearly 200, while only 30 of theirs were killed.
Neville 1976: 204 S.P. 29/380, folio 202	Ri. Watts at Deale to Williamson	Letter/Ship's report	20 April 1676	Attack	News: Natives there have risen & destroyed several English families & plantations; and they continue in a body & it is feared that they will do much mischief.
Neville 1976:205 S.P. 29/381, folio 139	Ri. Watts at Deal to Mr. Secretary Williamson	Letter/Ship's report	18 May 1676	Hardships of Colony	News: Ship's master cites much hardship & mischief due to rising of natives.
Neville 1976:205 S.P. 29/381, folio 164	Ri. Watts at Deal to Mr. Secretary Williamson	Letter/Ships' reports	23 May 1676	Indian troubles	News: Ships state that the tyranny of the natives exceeds the rebellion in Ireland; and, if possible, they roast the men and make neighbors eat them.
Neville 1976:212 S.P. 29/393, folio 17	Charles Cogan at Waymouth to Williamson	Letter/Ship's report	11 April 1677	Indian troubles	News: Ship Marygold from Virginia mentioned the arrival of Sir John Berry in Virginia. Things quiet before his arrival, except for the fact that the Indians destroyed 16 families, and that the ship came directly from Maryland.
Neville 1976:216 S.P. 29/403, folio 47	John Pocock at Portsmouth to Williamson	Letter/Ship's report	16 April 1678	Indian troubles	News: Ship Richard and Elizabeth brought report that all was quiet when they left the country; Indians who had committed violence on one English plantation by killing 5 persons were delivered over to the English by their Governor; and now were being tried for their lives.

Related Issues to Bacon's Rebellion:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Payment/ Action	Servants	Slaves	Details
Haun 1989:23-24	"Company of Giddy Headed & turbulent Psons in Lawnes Creek Psh."	Uprising	12 Xbr. 1673	Barnes led uprising. Bond & 1000 lbs. tobo. as penalty			William Hancock, Michael Upchurch, William Little, Robert Lacy, John Sheppard, John Greene, Mathew Swan, John Grigory, William Tooke, James Chessett, John Barnes, Thomas Cley, George Peters, and Roger Delk were the insurgents who met at the "Divells field" w/ the sheriff. They complained that 3 lbs. of tobo. p poll was too high & the levy thus "unjustly Laid upon them." Some later showed remorse. Others remained stubborn and contemptuous- the latter required a "serious admonition" since this could have "dangerous & mischevious Effects of such unlawfull & factious proceedings." John Barnes described as the "Chiefe projector & Inventor" of the group.
Maxwell (III)1850:63-72, 121-136.	Origin of Bacon's Rebellion	Uprising	1676-1677 [c. 1706]	Massacres, etc.			Written by Thomas Mathew approximately 30 years after what occurred in 1676-1677. He recalled what initiated the uprising. He discussed the massacre by the Doegs up north which triggered these events, including the killing of a son of an Indian king as well as the settlers. [Note: He did not mention his own possible role, which might have led to the killing of his own son.] Mathew discussed the characters of Brent, Mason, Laurence, Drummond, the Governor and Bacon as well as their activities in great detail as well as the Indian fort near the Potomac River. He concluded this lengthy missive with the observation that Bacon was "too young, too much a stranger there, and of a disposition too precipitate, to manage things..."
Maxwell (III) 1850:73-75	Queen of Pamunkey & son John West	Appearance& bearing. during committee	1676-1677 [c. 1706]	Complaints & rights and spouse Tatapatamoi			Mathew observed the appearance and bearing of the Queen of Pamunkey and that of her son, John West. She was a descendant of "Oppechankenough, a former Emperor of Virginia." On her right hand, there was an English interpreter and on her left, her son, aged about 20 years of age. Around her head, she wore a "plat of black and white wampam peaque three inches broad in imitation of a crown" and was dressed "in a mantle of dress't deerskins with the hair outwards and the edge cut round 6 inches deep which made strings resembling twisted fringe from the shoulders to the feet." She made "grave courtlike gestures" and possessed a "majestick air in her face." During the meeting, when the men requested her assistance for guides who would help in the wilderness and assist against "our enemy Indians," she only spoke with the interpreter. Mathew believed that she secretly understood English. Her son, who understood English, was reputed to be the son of an English Colonel. He also would not speak English but did refer all to his mother, according to the interpreter. She then gave an impassioned speech about her deceased husband: "Tatapatamoi Chepiack", i.e., Tatapamoi dead." Col. Hill shook his head and said it was true that Tatapatamoi had helped the English years before against enemy Indians but was killed with most of his men. To this day, no compensation was ever made, to the shame of the English. This was why the Queen of Pamunkey upbraided the English. Given no sign of appeasement, she showed her resentment "by a disdainfull aspect" and sat mute until she was asked a question for the third time. Still refusing to face the committee, she answered that she had 6, then 12, and then 150 men in her town. She then rose and "gravely walked away, as not pleased with her treatment."
Mass. Historical Society 1871:164-166, 168-169, 171-173, 175-176	Unknown author of "Virginia's Deplored Condition"	Document	1676	Indian troubles			Contentions arise between the English and Indians due to the Articles of Peace. Although boundaries are set between them, the English still encroach and take up the Indian towns and lands, "turneing their Cattell and hoggs on them." If the latter is lost, the English then claim their losses and abuse the Indians, in spite of the Governor's endeavors to the contrary. Very few of the Indians have been converted to Christianity. Governor Berkeley was here for 34 years, and until the outbreak of Bacon's Rebellion, was the reason for the greatest time of peace for the English. Shortly after the attack by the Doegs & Susquehanoes, the Pamunkey offered their assistance agst. all "enemies" to the Governor. Bacon the Rebel saw that the Indian war would continue, and desirous of trade, built a house for that purpose. He requested the Governor to give him a license for only trade w/ the Indians. After being rejected by the Governor, he "soe terrified and thretned the pamunkey Indians that they fled for security." The Pamunkeys were "encompassed w/ trees which they had fallen in the branch of an Impassable swamp." After being located by Col. Claiborne's men, the Queen of Pamunkey stated the she and her people would be willing to return to her "Townes" and be under the Govenor's protection, but she did not understand why the Governor and his men could not protect themselves from Mr. Bacon's "violence." She promised that she and her Indians would continue peace w/o injury to the English or assistance to the Susquenoes. She and her people had been daily threatened to be "cutt off by Mr. Bacon" but they left in time. Bacon also killed more than 100 Ockinagee Indians 200 miles away due to his desire for the beaver trade by shooting them at their fort or blowing up 50 of them w/in their cabins- a fact which did not help matters. The Indians took advantage of the civil disorders and are committing murders daily among the settlers on their plantations. Some of the dead settlers had been roasted alive, etc. and their flesh brought to the English prisoners that they kept. Furthermore, Bacon's soldiers also had a rallying cry:"No Levies." Reminder given that the Governor had taken "ye great Indian Emperour Opechauchenough" prisoner "without loss of English blood" and created peace for years. Feared for the colony's future, since the "once hopeful Country" cannot long resist the cruelty of the Indians or the vulgar people's rebellion.
Neville 1976:387 Egerton 2395, folio 545, Survey Report 62 (62), folio 545	Virginians	Plea	1676	Plea			A plea for opposing Indians.
Neville 1976:387 Egerton 2395, folio 666, Survey Report 62 (62), folio 666	Martin Noel? [sic]	Paper	1676	Trade			Trade to be concentrated at one or two places, and to have priviledges & immunities.
Neville 1976:282 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Francis Morryson to Sir William Jones	Letter	Oct. 1676	Indian methods of fighting			Indian method of fighting: surprise — "so that their offensive war would but be a hunting of wolves'- once a week, once a year; they may burn a house or two during the night & be 40 miles away the next. The present Gov. managed w/ great success in a former war w/ fewer English, commander and fewer opposing Indians. Berkeley's method of sending small parties in July & August to burn the Indians' corn bordering their frontiers should be adopted; prevented men & houses from sudden attacks from Indians; joined two or three English families together w/ defenses around houses; and thus disabled the enemy to the point of requesting peace. Breach of unhappy peace occurred, which the English occasioned by their own fault.
Neville 1976:283 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Francis Morryson to Sir William Jones	Letter	Oct. 1676	Trade			If the people do not return to their obedience upon the King's Act of Grace, then they will be reduced as done before during the late occupation: two frigates shall be sent to Virginia to prohibit trade.
des Cognets 1981:236	Queen of Pamunkey	Grievance	9 Nov. 1676	Compensation			"The good Queen of Pamunkey suffered greatly and particularly mourns the loss of her Rich Matchcoat."
Neville 1976:274 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Sir William Berkeley	Warrant	3 Feb. 1676/7	List of persons executed in the Rebellion			[Among others] William Drummond, a Scotch man that we all suppose was the original cause of this rebellion, w/ a common Frenchman that had been very bloody.
Neville 1976: 295-296 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Grievances of Charles City County	Complaint	1677				Among list of complaints: They could not make distinction between friendly & unfriendly Indians, since the Indians "were of a colour" or "all deformed with paint of many colours." Furthermore, they had never been allowed to trade freely w/ the Indians to get to know them because the Gov. and the grandees monopolized all the trade. The soldiers themselves do not dare go out to relieve any in danger since they were hardly secure themselves; and they would rather be hung as rebels than be at the mercy of the "barbarous enemy" and "be murdered as they were."
Neville 1976:180 L.C. 5/108, folio 8	Lord Chamberlain's Accounts	Warrant & Gifts	18 Jan. 1677	Gifts for Indians in Virginia			4 small crowns or coronets of thin silver plate, gilt and adorned w/ false stones of various colors, w/ the inscription A Carolo Secundo Magna Brittanniae Rege, designed by his Majesty for Indian Kings and Queens now tributary to His Majesty. 20 small silver badges w/ His Majesty's name and the names of the tributary princes, vizt., the Queen of Pamunkey, the Queen of Waonoke, King Serraohque of the Nottoways, and the King of Nansemond. A necklace and a pair of bracelets for the Queen of Pamunkey, of false stones.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folios 450-455 (228-230)	Nathaniel Bacon the Rebel	Inventory	11 May 1677	Estate	13		In the brick "seller": 2 beare skins; in the garret in the brick house: 2 drest buck skins, 12 Ruckoun skins, "1 Red Cloth, fringed with silke: for the Indian weare." In the wooden house: 1 Indian Matchcoat "trimed very well," 2 doz. Tomahauks-Iron; "1 parcell of Indian trade in a trunke being beads Looking Glasses & som Comes &c. ...at 40}"; in the kitchen loft: 2 beare skins. In the negro woman's Room: 4 "Red trading Cloth blankets." Servants: Peter Goudown (?), a Dutch smith; 5 negros Peter (40), Hester (25), Jackey (32), Blind Tom (40), Kate (30) and 1 molatta child of Kate's, (1); and 6 Indians described as one "old woman" Joan (40), Tom (16), Nathaniel (11), Dick (9) and two boys (4 & 5).
Neville 1976:287-290 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	King Charles II & Indian Kings and Queens	Articles of Peace, 1677	29 May 1677	Peace Treaty			Treaty made at the camp at Middle Plantation and lists twenty-one points of agreement in detail. Document signed by the Queen of Pamunkey and several Indians "under her subjection."
Haun 1989:67-68	Mary and John Skinner	Court	4 Sept. 1677 & 4 7br. 1677	Sedition			Mary and husband John Skinner both spoke words "tending to Sedition or Mutiny, in favor to the late Rebells or Rebellion." Twenty lashes were to be "well laid on" Mary while John was ordered to give bond and be given his punishment.
Haun 1989:71-73	Mr. Robert Caufield, Mr. Arthur Allen & Individuals	Petition	6 7br. 1677 court	Damages			Mr. Robert Caufield and Mr. Arthur Allen charged certain inidividuals named John Rutherford, John Rogers, Robert Burges, John Clements and John Ironmonger for destroying certain livestock and household items during the "most Horrid Rebellion."
Haun 1989:104	Thomas Turner & Lt. Thomas Busby	Judgement	6 May 1679 Southwarke	Share of plunder			Thomas Turner to have his share of the plunder that he and Busby took from the Chickahominy Indians. The balance is 190 lbs. of tobo. & cask.
Neville 1976:180 L.C. 5/108, folio 17	Lord Chamberlain's Accounts	Warrant & Gifts	13 June 1679	Reward			A chain & medal of gold worth £150 for Colonel Francis Morrison as a gift from his Majesty "for his good services in Virginia."
Neville 1976:182 L.C. 9/275, folio 264ro, No. 87	Thomas Lord Culpeper	Gifts	Nov. 1679 & 12 Dec. 1679	Gifts for the Indian princes in Virginia			Queen of Pamunkey: bracelets & necklaces of false stones}£7; Queen of Pamunkey's son: pair of pistols richly inlaid w/ silver}£8; and for the Queens of Pamunkey & Waonoke and the Kings of Nazymond & Nottoways: several robes}£3, 19s .
Neville 1976:182-183 L.C. 9/275, folio 264vo, No. 88	Nicholas Fownes	Gifts	16 Dec. 1679	Gifts for the Indian princes in Virginia			Queen of Pamunkey: 8 yds. Purple mano at 11s to line a robe; 7 ½ yds. gold & silver brocard at 20s for an Indian gown; 3 ¼ ells cherry colored sarcenet t 12s to line the gown; Queen of Pamunkey's son: 5 yds. sky morella taby at 10 to line a coat; Queen of Pamunkey's councellor, 7 ½ yds. scarlet shalloon at 5s to line a robe; Queen of Pamunkey's interpreter: 3 ½ yds. scarlet shalloon at 5s to line a coat; and Queen of Waonoake & Kings of Nottowaze and Nazemond: 22 ½ yds. scarlet shalloon at 5s to line 3 robes and 3 ells white sarcenet}£1, 10s.
Neville 1976:183 L.C. 9/275, folio 265ro, No. 89	James Smithsbey	Warrant & Gifts	Nov. 1679 & 16 Dec. 1679	Gifts			Queen of Pamunkey: 5 yds. scarlet cloth at 26s for a robe; Queen of Pamunkey's son: 3 yds. scarlet cloth at 26s for a coat and breeches; Queen of Pamunkey's councellor: 4 ½ yds. purple cloth at 15s for a robe; Queen of Pamunkey's interpreter: 3 yds grey cloth at 12s for a coat & breeches; and Queen of Waonoake & Kings of Nottowaze and Nazemond, 13 ½ yds. purple cloth at 15s for 3 robes.
Neville 1976:183 L.C. 9/275, folio 265ro, No. 90	Thomas Templer	Warrant & Gifts from His Majesty	Nov. 1679 & 16 Dec. 1679	Gifts			Queen of Pamunkey's son: pair of fine scarlet worsted stockings with large tops to them and stitched all down the leg w/ black silk}£1, 5s ; Queen of Pamunkey's interpreter: pair of scarlet worsted stockings}8s.
Neville 1976:183-184 L.C. 9/275, folio 265ro, No. 91	Daniel Deive	Warrant & Gifts	Nov. 1679 & 16 Dec. 1679	Gifts			Queens of Pamunkey & Waonoake and Kings of Nottoways & Nazemond: 4 crimson velvet caps furred w/ ermine & for 4 ermines}£4; Queen of Pamunkey: making Indian gown}£10; Queen of Pamunkey's son: gold & silver buttons for coat & breeches}£1, 10s ; for 2 oz. gold thread12s ; making new screws & fastening several stones in the crowns10s ; canvas packing & large chest to put the presents up}£1, 10.
Neville 1976:184 L.C. 9/275, folio 266ro, No. 92	William Terrey	Warrant & a present from His Majesty	Nov. 1679 & 16 Dec. 1679	Gifts			Queen of Pamunkey's son: white beaver hat w/ a gold & silver band}£4.
Neville 1976:184 L.C. 9/275, folio 266ro, No. 93	John Hill, cutler	Warrant & a present from His Majesty	Nov. 1679 & 16 Dec. 1679	Gifts			Queen of Pamunkey's son: rich sword w/ a gold & silver hilt and false scabbard}£4.
Neville 1976:184 L.C. 9/275, folio 266ro, No. 94	William Hart	Warrant & a present from His Majesty	Nov. 1679 & 16 Dec. 1679	Gift			Queen's son: belt richly embroidered w/ gold & silver}£3, 10s .
Neville 1976:185 L.C. 9/275, folio 267ro, No. 96	William Gostlin	Gift	Nov. 1679 & 26 Feb. 1679/80	Total expended for gifts 87-94 & 96=£109, 10s, 0p.			Queen of Pamunkey's son: 67 ½ oz. of gold & silver lace at 5s .
McIlwaine 1925:4	Francis Morrison & Indian Kings and Queens	Gift	19 June 1680	Articles & gifts			Reference to articles made by King Charles II, the Council and the Indians w/o the King's Council. Shall send "four rich Coronets w/ Robes Silver badges, and sevll other presents to four Indian Kings and Queens here so called." Council fears that the colonists will resent and object to such "marks of dignity" to "such mean persons." Shall wait concerning delivery of coronets until they hear further from King Charles II since the colony has often received "fatal returns" for "considerable presents" and thus always "the wrong way of manageing of those people." Indians see gifts to be effects of fear, not kindness. But the Queen of Pomunkey & others like her deserve these gifts.

Abstracts: Beaver, Buck Skins, etc.

Charles City County:

Source	Name/Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Skins	Amount	Value	Details
Fleet 1941A:8	Thomas Tanner/King of Weynoke	Attachment	20 March 1657 James City	Security	Beaver	15 lbs.		For security of beaver.
Fleet 1945A:41	William Short & James Crewes	Judgement	25 June 1656 Westover	Payment	Baver skins	31		William Short owes James Crewes, merchant, 704 lbs. of "good merchantable tobacco and cask" as well as "thirtie one good large Beaver skins in season." To be paid by 10 Nov. next w/ costs.
Fleet 1945A:45	John Cogan and Rice Hoe	Order	3 Aug. 1659 Westover	Payment	Beaver	15 lbs.		They to pay Lt. John Banister for Thomas Tanner since they engaged themselves for the King of Weynoke, who did not appear.
Fleet 1941A:80	Relict of Thomas Tanner & Mr. William Bird	Order	10 9ber 1660 Merchants Hope	Debt	Beaver	5 lbs.		To pay Mr. Wm. Bird and give acct of estate.
Fleet 1941A:80	Thomas Tanner/King of Weynoke	Attachment	10 9ber 1660 Merchants Hope	Payment	Beaver	15 lbs.		Due Thomas Tanner, now dec'd.; case referred to Gov. & Council.
Fleet 1941A:80	Mr. Stephen Hamelin,Martin Quelch & Thomas Busby	Suit	10 9br 1660 Merchants Hope	Payment	Beaver	10 lbs.		At suit of Mr. Stephen Hamelin last October, Martin Quelch had agreed to "produce" the beaver as well as 500 lbs. pork to Thomas Busby; failed to do so; and now ordered to court.
Neville 1976:146 C.O. 5/1371, Pt. II, folios 220-222	William Berkeley & William Hunt	Court	1677	Inventory	Tanned deer skins	2		Inventory of condemned rebel in Bacon's Rebellion.
Ayres 1968:29	Rowland Place of Buckland, James River & Bernard Sykes of James River	Court	19 Nov. 1677 Westover	Goods	Beaver, furs, skins, hides			To collect dues through Sykes per paper dated 6 Aug. 1677. Skykes is to collect all accounts due Place in Md. and Va.: merchandize tobacco, pork, corn, beaver, furs, skins, hides, pipe staves, etc.
Ayres 1968:64	Henry Newcomb & John Ensull	Judgement	5 Aug. 1678 Westover	Payment	Deer and buck skins	9 and 2 respectively		Henry Newcomb "confesses" judgement re 9 deer skins & 2 buck skins to John Ensull.
McIlwaine 1925: 76-77	Gov. & Council & Indians	Order	26 April 1686 James City	Tribute	Beaver & arrows	3 Indian arrows		The Tributary Indians are to pay the Governor for the time being their "Tribute Beaver," and pay in lieu of a quit rent, 3 Indian arrows. The latter is an acknowledgement of lands they now hold of the English king.
Weisiger 1992:193	Richard Bland, Thomas Swann & William Ledbetter	Suit	9 Nov. 1694 Westover?	Payment	Buck & doe skins		Buck skins at 2s p skin and does at 18d p skin	Richard Bland, assignee of Thomas Swan, charged William Ledbetter (found non est inventus in last court) for £4. Judgement is awarded to Bland in the form of buck and doe skins valued at 2s and 8d p skin respectively.

James City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Skins	Amount	Value	Details
McIlwaine 1979B:29	Robert Poole	Deposition	8 Nov. 1624 court	Trade	Skins			Poole did not put away any of Mr. Thresurer's beads or his private use, never mind any other aboard ship. However, all of the ship's "Company" did "truck and trade for skins," but where the truck was, he did not know.
McIlwaine1979B:147	Mr. Secretary & Indians	Plan	3 April 1627 Quarter court James City	Trade	Skins			Mr. Secretary given leave to go up the Bay and rivers to trade w/ the Indians for corn, skins or other commodities.
McIlwaine 1979B:230	Thomas Carter, Capt. Pipscoe & Indian	Order	14 8br. 1670 court	Horse & skins	Deer skins	30		Carter is to deliver to Pipscoe "an Indian his horse bridle and Saddle and return him Thirty good deere Skynns & pay costs als. exec."
McIlwaine 1914: 475	Court	Memorial	31 Oct. 1693 court	Imposition of 7 ½ P Cent re skins & furs				Proposal for the "Memoriall": for a fund to the College, "an Imposition of 7 ½ P Cent might be laid" on all the skins and furs exported out of the Colony. This is to be appropriated towards the support & maintenance of the College. The Committee of Grievances & Propositions are to draw the same.

Surry County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Skins	Amount	Value	Details
Haun 1987:129 and 1989:1	Coppahunek Indians & Christopher Holiman	Complaint	5 March 1671 Southwarke		Dressed buck skins for @ hog			See Surry County table. [Entry was repeated in each book.]
Haun 1987:91-92	Mr. Richard Welbeck & Mr. Thomas Busby	Bond	8 June 1671		beaver & best otter skins	200 lbs. & 6 (respect-ively)		Thomas Busby's bond for 6,000 lbs. tobo., 200 lbs. beaver as well as 6 of the best otter skins and 25 barrels of corn. Due to several attempts and failures re bond, Busby is to be arrested.
Haun 1987:91	Thomas and Grace Busby & Capt. Gray	Document	22 July 1671	Bill	Beaver	150 lbs.		For 150 lbs. beaver owed to Capt. Gray p bill, Thomas Busby arranged to have a mare filly delivered for his daughter Grace Busby at age of ten.
Haun 1989:9	William Duke & Thomas Busby	Suit	29 9br. 1672 Southwarke	Bill	Fox skins	150	Also 15s	William Duke vs. Thomas Busby: Payment p bill concerning 150 fox skins & 15s Sterling. Liberty to Busby to "discount" what he can show to Capt. Wyat that he had satisifed the debt.
Haun 1989:32	George Lee, Roland Place & Lt. Tho. Busby	Judgement	1? 7br. 1674 [sic] Southwarke	Bill	Otter skins	2		Judgement is granted to George Lee, attorney for Roland Place, to receive the otter skins and 772 lbs. tobo. & costs.
Haun 1989:42	Mr. George Proctor & Lt. Thomas Busby	Judgement	4 May 1675 Southwarke		Buck & doe skins	36 "equally"		Lt. Thomas Busby is to give Mr. George Proctor, "thirty six buck & doe skinns Equally," along with 1,575 lbs. tobo. & 20 lbs. of salt (?) w/ costs. Busby is to receive in turn a broken candlestick & two broken joynrs. tools, if extant.
Haun 1990:51	George Jordan	Complaint	16? 7br. 1686 [sic]		10 dressed doe skins			See Surry County table.
Haun 1989:74	Mr. Arthur Allen & Lt. Thomas Busby	Court	15 9br. 1677 Southwarke	Agreement	Buck & doe skins	12		Lt. Thomas Busby acknowledged his payment to Mr. Arthur Allen in the form of 12 "good well drest" buck & doe skins w/ costs as his satisfaction in case of trespass.
Haun 1989:136	Elias Osborne & Thomas Busby	Attachment	4 Jan. 1680 Southwarke	Estate	Deer skins	8		Elias Osborne is granted attachment to the estate of Thomas Busby in the form of 8 deer skins. Busby "being returned arrested by noate left & failing to appeare."
Haun 1989:157	Thomas Parker & Thomas Melton	Judgement	4 July 1682 Southwarke		Buck skins	2		Thomas Parker granted judgement against Thomas Melton for buck skins along with "six bushels of Indian Corne" and 20 lbs tobo.

York County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Skins	Amount	Value	Details
Fleet 1961B:9	William Baulke	Expenses	24 Nov. 1645 Quarter Court James City	Estate	beaver	5 lbs.	500 lbs. tobo.	"...five pownd of beaver" to Augustine Warner.
Fleet 1945B:46	Capt. Stephen Gill	Inventory	2 Aug. 1653	Goods	Beaver; muskrat skins	43 muskrat skins	14 lbs. tobo.	Also 9 bbls corn; 1 hhd tobo.
Neville 1976:305 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Bacon the Rebel & his Men & Queen of Pamunkey's grievances	Document	1676		Skins, furs			See York County table-Virginia Colonial Records Project.

Abstracts: Corn

Charles City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Shelled or Ears	Amount	Value	Details
Fleet 1945A:7	Henry Wentworth & Capt. Thomas Stegge	Judgement	17 Sept. 1655 Westover	Debt		4 "bbls." of good Indian corn		Wentworth's debt is to be paid to Stegge or his assigns.
Fleet 1945A:95	Court & Mrs. Elizabeth Peibils	Order	3 Feb. 1657 Merchants Hope	Payment		3 barrels of Indian corn		Mrs. Elizabeth Peibils is ordered to pay Thomas Huxe 3 barrels of "good Indian corne" at her present house for the service of his wife & costs.
Fleet 1941A:37	Denis Kigan & William Egbrough	Order	3 June 1659 Merchants Hope	Payment		3 barrells of Indian corn		On performance and payment of 24 days work by Denis Kigan, William Egbrough is ordered to pay Kigan 3 barrells of Indian corn and "accustomed clothing" for his services, plus costs.
Fleet 1942:21	John Marshall	Inv.	3 Dec. 1664 Westover	Payment		2 bu. "Indian meall"		Payment due for 2 bu. of "Indian meal."
Fleet 1942:47	Daniel Clarke	Deed	1 July 1665	Sale		7 bbls. of Indian corn		Daniel Clarke of Oldmans Creek sold Thomas Porter for 800 lbs. tobo. & 7 bbls. of Indian corn, land adjourning a horse path that goes to Jamestown.
Fleet 1942:42	George Woodleife, 19	Deposition	3 Aug. 1665 Westover	Delivery		3 bu. of Indian corn		Stated that he carried 3 bu. of Indian corn in two "osonbrig bags" to Mr. Taylor's mill of William Evans; the corn was informed as stolen; and he went at Evans' request to demand the corn of Mr. Taylor. Mr. Taylor could or would not allow it, but if he was sued, he would "sett up at Co'rt door;" and if any more corn is brought to be ground, they would "runne the hazard or else stay the grinding of it..."
Fleet 1942:42	Mrs. Sarah Taylor & William Evans	Order	3 Aug. 1665 Westover	Payment		3 bu. of good Indian corn		Mrs. Sarah Taylor, attorney for Mr. Richard Taylor, is ordered to deliver to William Evans two new "osenbrigg bags" and 3 bu. of good Indian corn, or the full value thereof plus costs.
Ayres 1968:34	Mr. William Duke & Richard Wathen	Judgement	3 Dec. 1677 Westover	Payment		A pocke of Indian corn		Mr. William Duke vs. Richard Wathen: Wathen to pay 6 bu. of wheat, 1 bu. and a pocke of Indian corn, and one new sack-bag to Duke; Wathen said he "was so much short in the grain ground at his mill."
Weisiger 1992:7	Nicholas Lilley & Robert Borar (?)	Suit	24 Jan. 1687 court	Debt		9 bu. of Indian corn		Nicholas Lilley vs. Robert Borar (?): Borar (?) owes Lilley 9 bu. of Indian corn & 4 shillings in money; defendant ordered to present payment w/ costs.
Weisiger 1992:26	Edmund Irby & Samuel Morris	Judgement	3 Aug. 1688 court	Medical treatment		1 barrel of Indian corn		Judgement granted to Edmund Irby agst. Samuel Morris for 500 lbs. tobo. & 1 barrel Indian corn for curing Morris' distemper.
Weisiger 1992:49	William Pully & William Wilkins	Judgement	3 April 1689 court	Payment	Shelled	13 bu. of Indian corn		William Pully confessed judgement to William Wilkins for 12 pairs of men's "french fall shoes" and 13 bu. of shelled Indian corn.
Weisiger 1992:62	James Woodhouse & Ellianore Hodges	Judgement	3 Oct. 1689 court	Estate		7 barrels of Indian corn		Judgement granted James Woodhouse, trustee of Edward Foster's estate; states he was late overseer to Ellianor Hodges' servants & should have the decedent's fourth share, being 7 barrels of Indian corn.
Weisiger 1992:63	Major John Stith, Capt. Daniel Lewellin, Xpher Batty & Elizabeth Frost	Report	3 Oct. 1689 Westover	Differences		4 barrels of Indian corn		Major John Stith & Capt. Daniel Lewellin, auditors, re differences between Xpher Batty and his widowed daughter Elizabeth Frost: Batty was to have his diet at daughter's house from 7^th day of this Sept. until middle of April next, in same quality as condition between Batty and John Frost, dec'd.; dau also to maintain stock of cattle which Frost had from Batty until mid-April next & then deliver to Batty; 4 barrels of Indian corn and rest of goods & chattles formerly delivered by Batty to Frost except a stock of hogs; in lieu of these, Batty was content to receive 28 hogs, sows, barrows, and 4 weanable piggs along w/ 4 barrels corn; agrees to acquit his dau of 2,400 lbs. tobo. due him; and yet, Elizabeth refused to abide w/ terms. Cannot proceed any further and thus give written account, 28 7ber 1689. Both Batty and Elizabeth appear in court & submit that agreement will be binding.
Weisiger 1992:67	Capt. William Archer & Mrs. Sara Bland	Suit	3 Dec. 1689 Westover	Payment		3 bu. & 1 peck of Indian corn and 5 bu. of Indian meal.	Total value of goods £21, 14s.	Capt. William Archer vs. Mrs. Sarah Bland: Bland wished to his various goods away from Berkeley plantation according to a deed of 6 Xber 1686, but was denied by Mrs. Bland. She makes exception of listed items: 3 bu. & 1 peck of Indian corn along w/ other itemized household items. After Archer produced proof per bill of sale signed by Bland, court ordered on 11 June 1681 that Archer is to take possession of listed items, including gilded leather hangings & 5 bu. of Indian meal.
Weisiger 1992:73	William Epes & Capt. Charles Goodrich, sheriff.	Judgement	4 Dec. 1689 court	Payment		1 barrel of Indian corn		Judgement granted to William Epes, for the non-appearance of William Pully, to have 18 pairs of men's shoes, 1 barrell Indian corn and 11s in cash.
Weisiger 1992:97	Richard Yarnell & Mr. Edward Braine	Judgement	5 Jan. 1690 Westover	Payment	Shelled	3 barrels of Indian corn		"Judgement granted to Richard Yarnell agst. Mr. Edward Braine for three barrells of sound shelled Indian corn due Yarnell for his freedom from Braine."
Weisiger 1992:103	Richard Wathen & John Howard	Judgement	3 March 1690 Westover	Payment	Shelled	20 barrels of Indian corn		Richard Wathen acknowledged judgement to John Howard for 20 barrells of shelled Indian corn to be delivered at Wathen's mill on Ward's Creek. This is the balance that Howard can claim for mill and land sold by Wathen to Richard Clarke, dec'd. Howard had promised to make authentic deed to Wathen.
Weisiger 1992:92	John Everitt & Thomas Bolton	Judgement	3 Oct. 1690 Westover	Estate	Shelled	3 barrels of Indian corn	Corn at 100 lbs. tobo. per barrell.	Judgement granted to John Everitt agst. the estate of Thomas Bolton, dec'd, for 300 lbs. tobo., 3 barrells of shelled Indian corn and 37s for this year's levies.
Weisiger 1992:119	Dr. John Pybus & Nicholas Kelley	Attachment	3 Feb. 1691 Westover	Estate		6 barrels of Indian corn		Dr. John Pybus' attachment agst. the estate of Nicholas Kelley for 1,293 lbs. tobo., to be levied on 6 barrels of Indian corn. Also a parcel of tobo. hanging in Kelley's dwelling house.

James City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Shelled or Ears	Amount	Value	Details
Brown 1964: 521 [Vol. 2588, folio 82 (enclosed in folio 81)]	Duke of Lerma to Secretary Antonio di Arostegui	Document	Enclosed w/ a letter dated 13 Nov. 1611		Maise			The soils yield only "maise and nuts."
McIlwaine 1979B:11	Capt. Ralph Hamor & Savage	Deposition	7 March 1623 court	Trade & corn		8 baskets	Each basket 21 "cans"	Hamor stated that the 8 baskets of corn, each containing "21 Cans at Machepongo" appears to be part of the corn brought in by Savage who had purchased them for "truck" paid by Hamor. He also mentioned a thousand "blew beads" on his shallop.
McIlwaine 1979B:11	Capt. Tucker, Ensign Savage & Laughing King	Deposition	7 March 1623 court	Trade & corn		12 bu. corn		According to Tucker, Savage explained that the corn was sent by the Laughing King to their "great King."
McIlwaine 1979B:11	Mr. Pountes, Ensign Savage & Laughing King	Deposition	7 March 1623 court	Trade & corn		20 "tubbs"		Ensign Savage informed Pountes that the Laughing King had sent the Governor the corn, which was affirmed by the Laughing King through his interpreter Savage.
McIlwaine 1915: 22	Indians	Document	1623/1624	Trade & corn	[Indian] corn			Reference to 1622 massacre. Indians did not voluntarily yield themselves as subjects to our Soveraigne, nor show pride in their title. They also did not provide any contribution of corn for the sustenance of the Colony, or respect "correspondency' with us. Only out of fear rather than love did they give us corn, procured by trade or the sword.
McIlwaine 1979B:50	Capt. Epps	Order	14 March 1624 court					Capt. Eppes to review every man's store of corn & have leave to trade w/ the Indians of the shore for needed quantities of corn on the condition that he "dispose of such truck in stuff" as shall be brought in by the planters to him. They are to receive 1/3 of the corn. This will prevent any disorderly trading.
McIlwaine 1979B:17-18	Capt. Thorpe & Mris. Ffrancis West, widow	Court	28 June 1624 court	Payment	Shelled	7 barrels		7 barrels of "good Indyan Corne shealed" to be sent from Barkley Hundred to widow West on 10 Nov. next.
McIlwaine 1979B:29	Robert Poole	Deposition	8 Nov. 1624 court	Trade		2 "tubbs" of corn	10 & 13 arm lengths of beads	See "Indian goods" table.
McIlwaine 1979B:131	Capt. William Pierce	Deposition	10 Jan. 1626 James City	Massacre & food		Ears	20-30 barrels	At the massacre, he was sent down to Martin's Hundred for the relief of those "left alive" & the recovery of any cattle, corn and goods. Recalled bringing ears of corn, which belonged to Richard Staples and Walter Davyes. Capt. William Powell claimed some of the corn at James City in the right of John Davyes, brother of Walter Davyes and 20-30 barrels of ears thus delivered to him.
McIlwaine 1979B:131	Richard Dolphenby	Deposition	10 Jan. 1626 James City	Indian corn	Ears	12 barrels & three score bu.		Dolphenby, servant to Walter Davyes, sworn in court that two days before the massacre at Martin's Hundred, there was 12 barrels of ears in his master's house and at harvest, there were "three score barrells of eares" measured and put up at Richard Staples' house.
McIlwaine 1979B:131	Capt. William Pierce	Deposition	10 Jan. 1626 James City	Indian corn	Ears	20 barrels		Pierce remembered that thee were twenty barrels "of Ears" belonging to Walter Davis, which was stored at the house of Richard Staples.
McIlwaine 1979B:136	Capt. Samuel Mathews & men	Order	13 Jan. 1626 court	Trade & corn				Capt. Mathews & armed company of men are to go to the Bay of Chesapeake by boat and trade for corn, in view of great harvest losses due to "ill wether & great wind," and the fears of scarcity of corn in the near future in the Colony.
McIlwaine 1979B:116	Capt. Epps & Indians of Eastern Shore	Court	10 Oct. 1626 James Citty	Compensation in corn				Epps' complaint that the Indians had killed several hogs belonging to the English and wants compensation. The Indians acknowledged the killings and would make satisfaction in corn, but they must be informed that if this happened again, it will be an "occasion of the breatch of the peace between us."
McIlwaine 1979B:147	Mr. Secretary & Indians	Plan	3 April 1627 Quarter court James City	Trade	Corn			See James City County Buckskins table.
McIlwaine 1979B:151	Court	Plan	4 July 1627 James City	Corn				See James City County table.
McIlwaine 1979B:484	Sir John Harvey & Nathaniel Basse	Commission	6 March 1631 court	Trade & corn			25 lbs. p barrel or 15s p barrel if they fetch it	Basse to trade in New England, Nova Scotia, West Indies and other regions "to invite the inhabitants" & offer them at Delaware Bay the corn at certain rates.
McIlwaine 1979B:484	Court	Order	14 Feb/ 1632 court	War, drought & corn				The war w/ the Indians continue and "a great drought" in the summer of 1632 creates a scarcity of corn. Commissioners are ordered to trade w/ the Indians for corn.
McIlwaine 1979B:482	Capt. William Clayborn & Indians	Order	8 April 1640 James City	Minutes				Capt. Clayborn's grant for land at Candaungack on Pamunkey River, where the English under his command first landed. Fought the Indians and cut down their corn in 1629.
McIlwaine 1979B:492	Court	Trade	18 April 1640 court	Goods				Commission granted to persons to trade w/ the Indians for goods and corn.
Nugent 1992 (I)199:177 PB2/150	William Drummond	Document	10 Sept. 1648	Rent	Shelled			See James City County table.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folios 231-233ro	William Drumon	Inventory	1677					See James City County table.
Duvall 1957:21-22 [Ambler Ms. #65]	William Sherwood	Will	7 Feb. 1697			Corn		Corn for Indian named Dorothy Jubille.

Surry County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Shelled or Ears	Amount	Value	Details
Haun 1986:24	William Rickett & William Marriott	Payment	1 Aug. 1654	Debt	Ears	Crop of corn, 8 barrels of Indian corn		William Rickett bound his crop of corn growing on his plantation to William Marriott, who is not to dispose of it to anyone. Condition is that if Rickett pays Marriott or his assigns "8 barrells of sound Indian Corne in Eares being fower whole barrs. of Corne." Only then is this obligation void.
Haun 1986:33	James Taylor	Inventory	11 June 1655			Total value of inv. After debts: 7,495 lbs. of tobo.		Among goods listed & their value in tobo.: bushels of oats & wheat; barrells of corn, 5 hogshs: of the crop "neat"; and Indian corn.
Haun 1987:19	William Skinner & George Watkin	Indenture	7 Jan. 1664	Servitude		3 barrels of Indian corn		William, son of Anthony Skinner, is bound to George Watkin until 1 Dec. 1667 and will be given 3 barrels of Indian corn, two suits of clothes, 2 pr. stockings & shirts,2 hoes, 1 axe and 1 mare.
Haun 1987:65	Dorothy Thorne & Charles Barnham	Indenture	2 Feb. 1666	Servitude		3 barrels of Indian corn		Dorothy Thorne is bound to master Charles Barham and wife until next Christmas come six years. She is not to be put to the ground & be taught to "reed & sow." At end of term, she is to receive 3 barrels of Indian corn, a cotton suit, a peneston suit, and a 2 year-old heifer.
Haun 1987:78	Albert Albertson & David Williams	Document	22 March 1669/70	Bill	Payment	5 barrels of Indian corn		Albert Albertson will pay David Williams 5 barrels of Indian corn along with the tobacco as part of his rent for the mill & plantation at Sunken Marsh.
Haun 1987:79	Thomas Holt, Capt. John Grove & Mr. Robert Caufield	Indenture	15 May 1669	Servitude	Payment	3 barrels of Indian corn		Capt. John Grove & Mr. Robert Caufield, churchwardens, bound out Thomas Holt (b 23 Aug. 1667) to George Watkin as an apprentice. Holt to receive at end of term 3 barrels of Indian corn, 2 suits of apparel, 1 axe and 2 hoes.
Haun 1989:4	Thomas Clark & Mr. Nicolas Meriwether	Court	7 May 1672 Southwarke	Payment	Ears	1 barrel		As assignee of Owen Brady, Thomas Clarke impleaded Mr. Nicolas Meriwether for 7 barrels of Indian Corne. Meritwehter paid the debt w/ 1 barrel of Ears & 18 lbs. of tobo. and cask to several individuals. Judgement is given to Brady to have the "abovesd. Barrel of eares" and the tobo.
Haun 1989:27	George Arnold & John Kindred	Judgement	3 March 1673 Southwarke	Payment		3 barrels of Indian corn		George Arnold vs. John Kindred: Arnold to have 1 cow w/calf, 400 lbs. tobo. & cask, & the corn.
Haun 1989:38	William Jones	Petition	6 Jan. 1674 Southwarke	Infirmity	Levy-free	1 barrel Indian meale		William Jones petitioned the court for relief due to his infirmity. Mr. Benjamin Harrison is ordered to give him 1 barrel of Indian meale while the case is forwarded to the Vestry for reimbursement to Harrison.
Haun 1989:41	Col. Thomas Swann Esqr. & Mr. George Proctor	Attachment	16 March 1674 Southwarke	Estate	Payment	12 barrels Indian corne		Col. Thomas Swann to receive 12 barrels of Indian corn from the estate of Mr. George Proctor, which are the remainder of 18 barrells, as well as 4,200 lbs. of tobo.
Haun 1989:41	Mr. Arthur Jordan & Mr. Brasheires	Petition	16 March 1674 Southwarke	Mill	Payment	Certain quantity of Indian meale		Mr. Arthur Jordan is given judgement to obtain Indian meale against the Mill of Mr. Brasheires. The miller is now in possession of the mill and thus shall pay the corn due to several people.
Haun 1989:41	Mr. Lynney & Nottoway Indians	Order	16 March 1674 Southwarke	Public business, etc.	Payment			Indians at house of Mr. Linney for public business and entertainment to the value of 200 lbs. tobo. Linney is to be "repaired" per court order.
Haun 1989:34-35	Col. Swann & John Whitson	Suit	3 9br. 1674 Southwarke	Differences	Mill	Indian meale		Col. Thomas Swann vs. John Whitson: The difference concerning the accounts of English and Indian meale shall be determined by Mr. Proctor & Mr. Francis Sumner.
Haun 1989:42	David Williams & Albert Albertson	Suit	4 May 1675 Southwarke	Audition	Payment	7 barrels & 2 ½ bu. of Indian Corne		David Williams vs. Albert Albertson: Case audited by Capt. Baker & Capt. Spensor, whose return revealed that Williams is due, (Xmas last) 5,197 lbs. tobo., 9 bu. of wheat and Indian corn from Albertson.
Haun 1989:42	Mr. Arthur Allen & Albert Albertson	Judgement	4 May 1675 Southwarke		Payment	545 lbs Indian meale		Mr. Arthur Allen is to receive the Indian meal from Albert Albertson between now & Xmas next w/ costs.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folio 246	John Whitson	Inventory	1676			12 barrels corn		See James City County table.
Haun 1989:58	Mr. John Salway & John Legrand	Seizure	4 July 1676 Southwarke	Payment	Indian Corne	3 bu.		Mr. John Salway seized 1 heifer and the Indian corn "for the Levys & fees" of John Legrand. Mr. Robert Burgess tried to invalidate seizure w/o success.
Haun 1989:112	Col. William Browne	Proclamation	16 8br. 1679 Southwarke	Food	Indyan Corne	11 bu.	Same rate as paid for corn	Under the proclamation of the Deputy Gov., Col. Brown gave the corn to the soldiers at the garrison at the head of the James River.
Haun 1989:117	Mr. Thomas Jordan	Proclamation	18 9br. 1679 Southwarke	Food	Shelled Indyan Corne	16 bu.	125 lbs. tobo. in next levy	Under the proclamation of the Deputy Gov., Mr. Thomas Jordan is to deliver to the same garrison "good shelled Indyan Corne- 6 bu. for the horses.
Haun 1989:157	Thomas Parker & Thomas Melton	Judgement	4 July 1682 Southwarke		Indyan Corne	6 bu.		Thomas Parker granted judgement against Thomas Melton for 2 buck skins, 20 lbs. tobo. and Indian corn.
Haun 1990:16	Thomas Bage & Madm. Mary Swann	Suit	8 Jan. 1683 Southwarke	Arrest	Indyan Corne	19 bu.		Arrest of Thomas Bage p note at the suit of Madam Mary Swann. Due to his non-appearance at court, the court granted Swann 900 lbs. tobo. & caske as well as the Indian corn.
Haun 1990:24	John Miniard & John Wopell	Judgement	2 7br. 1684 Southwarke	Payment	Indyan Corne	20 bu.		John Miniard acknowledged this judgement to John Wopell regarding 20 bushels of Indyan Corne "against the Crop" and costs.
Haun 1990:28	Thomas Barker	Court	9br. 1684 court	1,000 lbs. tobo. fine				Thomas Barker was presented by the Grand Jury to the court "for not planting of Corne" and asked to give reason why he should not be fined according to the law. Reason was not given.
Haun 1990:50	William Edwards, Capt. Isaack Foxcroft, Lt. Col. William Brown & James Jordan	Judgement	6 July 1686 Southwarke	Estate	Shelled Indyan Corne	11 barrels, 5 bu. & 3 pecks		William Edwards, as assignee of Capt. Isaack Foxcroft, vs. Lt. Col. William Browne & James Jordan, admrs.: "...good sound shelled Indian Corne" to be paid as part of Jordan's obligation.
Haun 1990:108	Robert Dowling & Mr. John King	Suit	4 March 1689 court		Shelled Indyan Corne	20 bu.		Robert Dowling failed to appear to answer suit against Mr. John King. Judgement granted to King for 400 lbs. tobo. & cask and "good sound shelled Indyan Corne" w/costs.
Haun 1990:129	Jury	Proclamation	3 June 1691 court	Order				"Also those not planting & tending two acres of Corne Indyan or English for every Workeing Pson, and all such Millers as shall take more toll than by Law is appointed."
Haun 1990:128	Noah Barefoot & Richard Wheelehouse	Suit	8br. 1691 court	Arrest	Shelled Indian Corne	13 bu. & 3 pecks		Noah Barefoot "being returned" was arrested at the suit of Richard Wheelehouse and won suit. Wheelehouse to receive "shelled Indian corn" w/ costs.
Haun 1991:17	Abraham Moore, William Edwards & Sheriff	Suit	17 May 1692 Southwarke	Arrest	Indian Corne	7 barrels		Abraham Moore is arrested by the sheriff in two suits by William Edwards and is ordered to pay "good sound well dressed Indian Corne w/ costs."
Haun 1991:80	Susannah Nash	Indenture	Nov. 1696-9br. 1696	Servitude	Indian Corne	3 barrels		Susannah Nash, orphan, to serve Nicholas Sessums until 18 or married. At end of term to be given Indian corn, one new serge suit and 1 cow w/ calf.

York County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Shelled or Ears	Amount	Value	Details
Fleet 1961A:10-11	Andrew Whowell	Will	10 March 1631	Bequests		3 barrels Indian corn		Andrew Whowell bequeaths one barrell of corn to Nathaniel Clark; and 3 barrels of Indian corn & 3 barrells of corn to sister Bettris Clark among other real & personal possessions.
Fleet 1961A:17	Joseph Ham	Inventory	12 July 1638			10 barrels of corn	At "fower hundred"	"Tenn Barrells of Corne at fower hundred" lbs. of tobo.
Fleet 1961B:90	Council of War	Criminal action	25 May 1648 court	Damages		Indians' corn		Order dated 12 Aug. 1645: William Light's man was pressed to cut up the Indians corn; the work of the man is to be made good by those he did this for; 19 days work due from a number of men; they to make payment to Light upon demand, "according to one mans Due share and parte."
Duvall, 1657:14	John Hunt & Thomas Heynes	Order	26 Jan. 1657 court	Payment		Indian corn	5 barrels	Hunt is to pay Heynes the Indian corn per bill in front of Col. Christopher Calthorpe or Mr. William Hay.
Watkins 1989:181	Mr. Ballard, Hullet? [sic] & James Goodwin	Deed	1657-1662	Security		Indian corn	5 Barrels	Ballard is to receive 500 lbs. tobo. & 5 barrels Indian corn.

Abstracts: Indian Goods

Charles City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Trade/ Item	Amount	Value	Details
Neville 1976:146 C.O. 5/1371, Pt. II, folios 220-222	William Berkeley & William Hunt	Inventory	1677		1 Red trading cloth blanket			See Charles City County — Virginia Colonial Records Project table.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folios 250-255 (228-230)	Nathaniel Bacon the Rebel	Inventory	11 May 1677	Estate				See Related ...Bacon's Rebellion table.

James City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Trade/ Item	Amount	Value	Details
McIlwaine 1979B:11	Capt. Ralph Hamor & Savage	Deposition	7 March 1623 court	Trade & corn				See James City Co. corn table.
McIlwaine 1979B:50	Capt. Epps	Order	14 March 1624 court	Trade				See James City Co. corn table.
McIlwaine 1979B:29	Robert Poole	Deposition	8 Nov. 1624 court	Trade	Beads, mats, canoe, & various skins			In this trading voyage, as an employee of Mr. Thresurer in the penance Elizabeth , Poole gave 10 arms length of some beads for over a "Tubb of Corne he bought of ye Indyans," and 13 arms length of beads for another tub. Capt. Croshaw bought a great canoe for 10,000 of "blew beads" and stated that he would give Mr. Thresurer satisfaction for the beads. No more than 6 tubs of corn was obtained from the Indians for copper. 2,000 more blew beads were also paid for "matts" to seal the ship. The great man of Potuxone was paid "6 or 800" blue beads to be their guide to Pocotonck. They stayed at Pocotanck for 23-24 days in the hopes that the Indians would furnish them with corn and that they would find an Englishman. Capt. Croshaw also took charge of the purchased 7 great bear skins, 6 (deer?) skins, 2 wildcat skins, 9 otter skins, 2 young bear skins, "__ skins 8 or 29 muskrat skins," and "1 Lyone skin" which the great man of Potuxsone gave him.
McIlwaine 1979B:165	Robert Browne & Samuell Woolues	Court	8 Feb.1627 James Citty	Warrant				A warrant is to be sent to the Commander at Accomack to make inquiry to Browne & Woolues about selling glass bottles to Indians.

Surry County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Trade/ Item	Amount	Value	Details
Haun 1986:3-4	John Hux, 40	Deposition	__ 7br. 1652 court		Canoe			See Surry County Table.
Haun 1986:130	Robert Stanton	Public notice	4 Oct. 1663		Canoe			Robert Stanton found a great and large canoe, "very good & sound," with old rope and capstan? w/in 20 paces of his land.
Haun 1987:72	Mr. Gregory & Mr. Anthony Allen	Attachment	28 Sept. 1669	Suit	1 ham-maco, 1 Indian Match-cote			Attachment concerning goods of Mr. Gregory at suit of Mr. Anthony Allen.
Haun 1989:112	Col. Thomas Swann	Proclamation	16 8br. 1679 Southwarke	Trade goods	Trading Cloath	4 ½ yards	300 lbs. tobo. or 15s English money	Under the proclamation of the Deputy Gov., Col. Swann gave the soldiers at the garrison at the head of the James River salted beef and trading cloth aboard boat.
Haun 1989:136	Elias Osborne & Thomas Busby	Attachment	4 Jan. 1680 Southwarke	Estate	Indian baskets	2		Elias Osborne is granted attachment to the estate of Thomas Busby in the form of 2 Indian baskets. Busby "being returned arrested by noate left & failing to appeare."

York County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Trade/ Item	Amount	Value	Details
Fleet 1961B:11	Edward Percival	Estate	24 Nov. 1645 Quarter Court James City		Cannowe			See York County table.
Fleet 1961B:14	Thomas Privet & John Wilson	Order	25 Sept. 1646 court	Fined 2 bbls. corn	Canoe			Thomas Privet confessed that he borrowed & lost John Wilson's canoe; is ordered to pay Wilson 2 bbl. corn by 1 Nov. next.
Duvall, 1657:20	Samuel Chew & Col. Richard Lee	Attachment	25 Feb. 1657 at George Read's house	Estate	Beans			187 lbs. of beans to be attached by court from estate of Samuel Chew for security purposes and due by Specialty to Col. Richard Lee.
Duvall, 1657:44	Jarrett Hawthorne vs. William Brown	Order	25 Oct. 1658 court	Suit	Canoe			Canoe belonging to Hawthorne was taken from his landing. Case to be deferred to next court, but Brown is to remain in sheriff's custody until he gives good security to appear.
Duvall, 1657:53	William Magahee, 40, et al.	Deposition	17 Nov. 1658 court	Witnesses	Canoe			William Magahee, 40; William Dowglas, 33; Nichaell Spurrier, 44; and Joseph Preston, 21, all gave depositions about the canoe believed to be purchased by William Browne from Hawthorne's landing. Browne put the canoe in Spurrier's landing.
Neville 1976:305 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Bacon the Rebel & his Men & Queen of Pamunkey's grievances	Document	1676		Mats, baskets, match-cote			See York County table-Virginia Colonial Records Project.

Abstracts: Roanoke, Peake, Wampampeag, etc.

Charles City County: none

James City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Shell/ Color	Amount	Value	Details
Neville 1976:60 C.O. 1/39, folio 28ro	Sir William Berkeley & Mr. Gregory Walkelate	Order	27 Jan. 1676/7	Collection	Roanoke & peake			Mr. Gregory Walkelate is to take into custody "all such Roanoke and Peake" as was taken from the Indians. Any Roanoake & peake, which was not distributed among the soldiers, belongs to the Governor.
McIlwaine 1927:41	Gov. & Council & Indian tribes	Investigation	22 Feb. 1699	Peace Treaty	Peake belts			(See James City County entry, 22 Feb. 1699 for detailed information about the custom of peake belts in Indian peace treaties.)
McIlwaine 1979B:361	Mr. Anthony Arnold & Monguy of Chichahominy	Order	8 Nov. 1673 court	Goods				Arnold is ordered to deliver to the Monguy of Chichahominy "all such Roanoake, skins, bills," and other things that Arnold had received from the said Monguy.
Colonial Papers Folder 18, #14	Tuscarora Indians and President & Council	Complaint	1707	Compensation	Roanoke & peake	600 and 100 cubits respectively		The Tuscaroras complained that an Indian named Porridge was murdered and want compensation only in the form of 600 cubits of Roanoke, 100 cubits of peake, two guns, 6 white "stript blanketts," 6 cloath Coates, 6 thousand "shott," "tenn botles" of powder and 24 prs. of "plaines."

Surry County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Shell/ Color	Amount	Value	Details
Haun 1987:116	Act ye 15th	Act	N.D.	Fixture of rates per white/black peake and roanoke			1 yd.? Peake: 02=00=6; 1 fathom peake: 05=00=0. Reference to black peake wch. Is double the afsd. Rates. To be good between traders & Indians — at pence a part (?). Trade to be free with the Indians to the inhabitants of the colony, provided it be w/ the Gov. & Commission. Previous act/law now repealed & void.
Haun 1987:118	___	Act ye 3d.	December 1650	Rates	Peake, black & white		White peake= no more than 4s ye ffathome; black peake= no more than 8s ; 2s for white peake & 4s for black peake; 8 white peake shall "pass for a pennye" & fower of the black "for a pennye."	Pieces of 8 at 5d the value of Peake: Believe that advancement of the pieces of 8 will encourage adventurers to bring in money & thus better supply the Country; pieces of 8 shall pass in all payments at the value of 5s English money. Due to "high esteeme sett uppon Peake may occasion by greate quantityes thereof Late imported, and brought amongst us, and the importation of Coyne consequently more neglected," it is enacted that the following shall be rates for black and white peake.

York County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Shell/ Color	Amount	Value	Details
Neville 1976:305 Pepysian Library 2582, Survey Report 6618 (C.7)	Bacon the Rebel & his Men & Queen of Pamunkey's grievances	Document	1676		Parcels of Wampam-peog & Roanoke in bags			See York County table-Virginia Colonial Records Project.

Abstracts: Tobacco

Charles City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Payment/ Action	Amount	Value	Details
Fleet 1945A:41	James Reyner	Payment	25 June 1656 Westover	Medical treatment		700 lbs. tobo. & cask.		Thomas Culmer to be paid in tobo. if his offer to cure James Reyner's wounds (from service agst. the Indians) is successful.
Fleet 1941A:5	Charles City	Payment	20 April 1658 Merchant's Hope	Wolves' heads	From Levy	700 lbs. tobo.		To the Appomattock Indians for 8 wolves.
Fleet 1941A:5	Howell Pryse & Appomatock Indians	Payment	20 April 1658 Merchants Hope	Receipt	From Levy	700 lbs. tobo.		Receipt dated 19 Dec. 1657 to Howell Pryse for "1666 lbs. tobo." for this year's levies and "700 lb. tobo. due out of levies to the Appomatock Indians for killing 8 wolves."
Fleet 1941A:97	Court	Order	12 June 1661 James City	County alarm	1 yr. of imprisonment	5000 lbs. of tobo.		Those who falsely raise any rumor or reports about the Indians, which may lead to the disturbance of the country shall be fined 5,000 lbs. of tobo. and suffer one year of imprisonment.
Fleet 1941A:7	Court	Order	10 Oct. 1661 Westover	Poll tax		31 lbs. tobo. per poll.		31 lbs. tobo. to be levied on all tihable persons by sheriff. List of individuals and their payment in tobo. for various services, public duties, expenses & wolves.
Ayres 1968:119	Mr. Henry Batt & Assembly	Document	3 Dec. 1679 Westover	Certificate	Rent	100 lbs. tobo.	Per month for 4 months	Mr. Henry Batt granted certificate to the Assembly for the rent of a house at the rate of 100 lbs. p month for the "Racengers." (Rangers?)

James City County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Payment	Amount	Value	Details
McIlwaine 1979B:486	Gov. & Council	Court	28 March 1666 James City	Defense	Impost in tobo.		2s per hogshead	Consideration of great expense of this colony from building a fort for the defense of shipping and threats from bordering Indians "confederated with remoter nations." Reference to extremely low value of tobacco to either compass those good ends or defray charges, never mind very small revenue which was raised out of the said impost of 2s per hogshead.
McIlwaine 1979:351	Mr. John Knowles vs. Henry Sherman	Court	22 Oct. 1673 court	Suit & fine				The 10,000 lbs. tobo. fine obtained by Knowles in Henrico Co. agst. Sherman about Indians is declared void.
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folios 231-233ro	William Drumon	Inventory	1677					See James City County table.

Surry County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Payment	Amount	Value	Details
Neville 1976:147 C.O. 5/1371, folios 231-233ro	William Drumon	Inventory	1677			12 hhd. Sweet sented tobo.		See James City County table.
Neville 1976:146 C.O. 5/1371, 220-220	William Hunt	Inventory	1677			800 lbs. tobo. for Indian boy		See James City County table.

York County:

Source	Name/ Party	Type	Date	Purpose	Payment	Amount	Value	Details
Fleet 1961B:35	Robert Jackson & Edward Adcocke	Debt	22 Dec. 1646 court	Debt		2400 lbs. tobo. total		Bill dated last day of Nov. 1646.One of these 1,200 lbs. of tobo.to be paid 10 Nov. 1648; an Indian maid servant named Mall is security.
Fleet 1961B:39	Steven Gill & Edward Leene (Leeve?)	Attachment	25 Jan. 1646/7 court					See York County corn table.
Fleet 1961B:62	York County	Payment	30 Nov. 1647 court	From Levy		17560 lbs tobo.		This amount of tobo. to be levied in county to pay a list of persons for various services, including the ferry, wolves, runaway servant, prison-related duties and service at Midle plantation. 900 lbs. tobo. is for Hampton Parish- for corn paid to the ferryman.
Fleet 1945B:46	Capt. Steven Gill	Inventory	2 Aug. 1653	Expenses		Total: 33,559 lbs. tobo.		Tobacco paid to various individuals listed in inventory for services and items, such as value of servants, household items, arms, clothing, ribbons, beaver & 43 muskrat skins at 14 lbs. tobo., 90 barrels corn, bills and a physick chest.
Duvall, 1657:18	Court	Order	Recorded 26 Jan. 1657 court	Parish Levy		[Not listed]		"Tobo. of Chiscake."

References for Chart

Primary Sources:

Colonial Papers (State Records) Library of Virginia

1677 Petition of Thomas Busby. 1686-1688: Folder 8, #14.

1682 Petition of Cornelius Dabney, interpreter to the Queen of Pamunkey, to Deputy Governor. Folder 3, #17.

1702 Governor & Council re ammunition. 1701, 1702: Folder 14, #30.

1706 Petition of the "Queen and Great men" of the Pamunkey Tribe. 1705-1706: Folder 16, #27 [Original]. Library of Virginia, Richmond.

1709 Petition from Robin, a Pamunky Indian, to Council. Folder 20, #29-30.

1710 Petition of the Pamunkey Indians for relief from their annual tribute. 1710: Folder 22, #18.

Colonial Government

1677 Articles of Peace Between Charles II and Several Indian Kings and Queens [photostat]. Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.

The Ferrar Papers 1622-1627.

1624 Letter of Sir Francis Wyatt, Reel 3, #556.

Public Record Office (P.R.O.), London:

C.O. 5/1312, Pt. 1

1701 Folios 318-319 Petition of Betty [Ann], Queen of Pamunkey, et al.

C.O. 5/1371

1676/77 Folio 161-162. Isle of Wight County Grievances [and] Answers.

1677 Folio 370 (188) A True Narrative of the Rise, Progresse, and Cessations of the Late Rebellion I Virginia Most Humbly and Impartially Reported By His Majesties Commissioners appointed to Enquire into the Affaires of the said Colony.

Folios 220-220 Inventory of William Hunt.

Folios 231-233ro of William Drumon

Folios 237-238ro of John Iles

Folios 243-244 Inventory of Thomas Hansford

Folio 247 Inventory of William Starburgh

Folio 248 Inventory of Robert Stokes

Folio 250 Inventory of John Turner

C.O. 5/1357

1688 Folios 214-222 Gov. & Council to King James II.

1688 Folios 222-224 Col. Nicholas Spencer to Committee.

C.O. 5/1376

1675 Folio "Order of a Grand Assembly 7 March 1675."

British Museum, London:

Wyatt Family Papers 1621/22-1626, 1741. Vol. I, Part II, Folio 224. [Add. Mss. 62135.]

[All records on microfilm, Virginia Colonial Records Project, Richmond. NOTE: This includes references made by Neville, 1976.]

Isle of Wight County Wills & Deeds 2, 1661-1719.

Surry County Deeds, Wills, Etc. 1, 1652-1672

Surry County Deeds, Wills, Etc. 2, 1671-1684

Surry County Deeds, Wills, Etc. 3, 1684-1687

Surry County Deeds, Wills, Etc. 4, 1687-1694

Surry County Deeds, Wills, Etc. 5, 1695-1709

Secondary Sources (based on primary documents):

the [sic] Ancient Planters Nowe Remaining Alive in Virginia

1874 (1624) A Brief Declaration of the Plantations of Virginia. Colonial Records of Virginia. R.F. Walker, Superintendent, Public Printing, Richmond.

Ayres, Margaret McNeill

1968 Charles City County Order Book 1676-1679. Published by author. Memphis.

Brown, Alexander

1964 The Genesis of the United States. Russell & Russell, Inc., New York.

Brayton, John Anderson

1999 Colonial Families of Surry and Isle of Wight Counties, Virginia, Vol. 3: The Court Orders of Isle of Wight County,Virginia, October 1693-May 1695. Published by author, Memphis.

2001 Colonial Families of Surry and Isle of Wight Counties, Virginia, Vol. 6: Isle of Wight County, Virginia, Will & Deed Book 1 (1662-1688), Abstracts of Deeds, 1715, pp 1-32. Published by author, Memphis.

des Cognets, Louis Jr.

1981 English Duplicates of Lost Virginia Records. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore.

Dorman, John Frederick

1975 York County, Virginia Deeds, Orders, Wills, Etc. No. 8, 1687-1691, Part 2. Washington, D.C.

1976 York County, Virginia Deeds, Orders, Wills, Etc. No. 9, 1691-1694, Part 1. Washington, D.C.

1977 York County, Virginia Deeds, Orders, Wills, Etc. No. 9, 1691-1694, Part 2. Washington, D.C.

1990 York County, Virginia Deeds, Orders, Wills, Etc. No. 10, 1694-1697, Pt. 2. Washington, D.C.

Duvall, Lindsay O.

1957Virginia Colonial Abstracts Series 2, Vol. 4: James City County 1634-1904. Southern Historical Press, Easley, S.C.

1961 Virginia Abstracts, Series 2, Vol. 5: York County Book III, Wills, Deeds, Orders, 1657-1659. Wharton Grove, Virginia.

Ferrar, Thomas

1936 Farrer (and some variants) Wills and Administrations. Tanner & Son, Dorking, England.

Fleet, Beverley

1945A Virginia Colonial Abstracts: Charles City County, Virginia Court Orders 1655-1658. Vol. 10. Bound typescript, Richmond.

1941A Virginia Colonial Abstracts: Charles City County,Virginia Court Orders 1658-1661. Vol. 11. Bound typescript, Richmond.

1941B Virginia Colonial Abstracts: Charles City County, Virginia Court Orders 1661-1664. Vol. 12. Bound typescript, Richmond.

1942 Virginia Colonial Abstracts: Charles City County, Virginia Court Orders 1664-1665 Fragments 1650-1696. Vol. 13. Bound typescript, Richmond.

1961A Virginia Colonial Abstracts: York County 1633-1646. Vol. XXIV. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore.

1961B Virginia Colonial Abstracts: York County 1646-1648. Vol. XXV. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore.

1945B Virginia Colonial Abstracts: York County 1648-1657. Vol. 26. Bound typescript, Richmond.

Gray, Robert

1937 (1609)A Good Speed toVirginia. Facsimile. New York.

Haun, Weynette Parks

1986 Surry County, Virginia Court Records 1652-1663. Durham, N.C. (Book I)

1987 Surry County, Virginia Court Records (Deed Book 1)1664 thru 1671. Durham, N.C. (Book II)

1989 Surry County, Virginia Court Records 1672-1682. Durham, N.C. {Book III)

1990 Surry County, Virginia Court Records (Order Book 1671-1691) 1682-1691. Durham, N.C. (Book IV)

1990 Surry County, Virginia Court Records 1691-1700. Durham, N.C. (Book V)

Massachusetts Historical Society

1871 The Aspinwall Papers. Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Vol. IX, 4^th series. Published by the Hakluyt Society, Boston.

Maxwell, William, ed.

1850 The Beginning, Progress, and Conclusion of Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia, in the Years 1675 and 1676. The Virginia Historical Register. Vol. III. MacFarlane & Ferguson, Richmond.

McIlwaine, Henry R., ed.

1913 Journal of the House of Burgesses of Virginia 1695-1696, 1696-1697, 1698, 1699, 1700-1702. Virginia State Library, Richmond..

1914 Journal of the House of Burgesses of Virginia 1659/60-1693. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1915 Journal of the House of Burgesses of Virginia 1619- 1658/9. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1925 Executive Journals of the Council of Colonial Virginia. Vol. 1. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1927 Executive Journals of the Council of Colonial Virginia. Vol. 2. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1979A Legislative Journals of the Council of Colonial Virginia (2^nd ed.). Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1979B Minutes of the Council and General Court of Colonial Virginia. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

Neville, John Davenport

1976 Bacon's Rebellion: Abstracts of Materials in theColonial Records Project. The Jamestown Foundation, Williamsburg.

Nugent, Nell Marion

1977 Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents. Vol. 2, 1666-1695. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1979 Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents. Vol. 3, 1695-1732. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1991 Cavaliers and Pioneers: Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents. Vol. 1, 1623-1666. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

Palmer, William P., ed.

1875 Calendar of Virginia State Papers and Other Manuscripts 1652-1781. Vol.1. Krause Reprint Corporation, Richmond.

Strachey, William, Gent.

1953 (1612) The Historie of Travell Into Virginia Britania. Second Series No. CIII, Appendix A. Louis B. Wright and Virginia Freund, eds. Hakluyt Society, London.

Thomson, Elizabeth McClure, ed.

1965 The Chamberlain Letters; A Selection of the Letters of John Chamberlain Concerning Life in England From 1597 to 1626. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York.

Thorndale, William, transcriber

1995 The Virginia Census of 1619. In Magazine of Virginia Genealogy, Vol. 33, No. 3. Virginia Genealogical Society, Richmond.

1997 Two Letters from Martin's Hundred in 1625. In Magazine of Virginia Genealogy, Vol. 35, No. 3. Virginia Genealogical Society, Richmond.

Watkins, Vincent

1988 York County Deeds, Orders, Wills, Book III, Part 2, 1657-1662. Poquoson, Virginia.

Weisiger, Benjamin B. III

1987 York County Virginia Records, 1665-1672. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1989 York County Virginia Records 1659-1662. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1991 York County, Virginia Records, 1672-1676. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

1992 Charles City County, Virginia Court Orders 1687-1695 With a fragment of a Court Order Book for the year 1680. Virginia State Library, Richmond.

Secondary Sources:

Chamber of Commerce

1902-3 Richmond, Virginia: The City on the James. George W. Engelhardt, Publisher, Richmond.

Hening, William Waller

1823 The Statutes at Large. Vols. I and II. R.W. Bartow, New York.

Herndon, Melvin

1957 Tobacco in Colonial Virginia "The Sovereign Remedy". Virginia 350^th Anniversary Celebration Corporation, Virginia.

Hotten, John Camden, ed.

1983 The Original Lists of Persons of Quality...1600-1700. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore.

Manahan, John Eacott

1946 The Cavalier Remounted: A Study of the Origins of Virginia's Population 1607-1700. Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, Charlottesville.

Neill, Edward D.

1869 History of the Virginia Company of London. J. Munsell, Albany, New York.

Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (VMHB)

1899 Virgnia in 1623. (Letter of Francis Wyatt et al. to Earl of Southampton.) Vol. VI, No. 3. Virginia Genealogical Society, Richmond.

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