John Day Fossil Beds Rocks & Hard Places: Historic Resources Study

Public and private repositories throughout Oregon and Washington were visited in the preparation of this Historic Resources Study. Cultural Resource files, Lands Division files, and regional library holdings at the National Park Service, Columbia Cascades Support Office, served as a starting point. Library and museum collections at John Day Fossil Beds National Monument provided a foundation of invaluable background material.

Also explored were the Bureau of Land Management (Public Room, Oregon State Office), the Oregon Historical Society Library, the Lewis & Clark College Libraries, the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office, the University of Washington Libraries (Special Collections Division), the Grant County Historical Museum, the City of Fossil Museum, and the Sherman County Historical Museum. Much material was made available through the private collection of Stephen Dow Beckham.

The following sources were consulted and cited in the preparation of the Historic Resources study. The annotations speak to the utility of the source, occasionally noting its special strengths or deficiencies.

Allen, Eleanor ed.
1946 Canvas Caravans: Based on the Journal of Esther Belle McMillan Hanna, Who With Her Husband, Rev. Joseph A. Hanna, Brought the Presbyterian Colony to Oregon in 1852. Binfords & Mort, Portland, OR.

The Hanna diary of 1852 provides an excellent narrative of travel on the Oregon Trail. It includes impressions and commentary as well as description.

Alvord, Benjamin
1855 "Concerning the Manners and Customs, the Superstitions, &c., of the Indians in Oregon." Information Respecting the History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States, Vol. 5, pp. 651-657. Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, ed. Lippincott, Grambo & Co., Philadelphia, PA.

Penned at Fort Dalles by the post commander, this is one of the earliest ethnographic accounts of Indians of the western Plateau.

Anderson, William Wright
1848 Diary. MS, Lilly Library, University of Indiana, Bloomington, IN.

Anderson was barely literate, yet he struggled to find words to describe his overland travel, life in the Willamette Valley and Puget Sound, and his sojourn in the California mines.

Anonymous
1885a [Article on Chinese], Grant County News (Canyon City, OR), February 19.

The article and the two that follow confirms the rampant anti-Chinese racism in Grant County in the late nineteenth century.

1885b [Article on Chinese], Grant County News (Canyon City, OR), October 15.

1886 [Article on Chinese], Grant County News (Canyon City, OR.), February 4.

1898 Eastern Oregon Gold Fields: Baker, Grant, Harney, Malheur and Union Counties. Morning Democrat (Baker City, OR.), May 20

A special edition of the local newspaper, focusing on mining prospects and businessmen of the surrounding counties.

1899 Report of the Expedition to the John Day Fossil Beds, University Chronicle 2(3):21 7-224.

This narrative describes the expedition of scientists from the University of California, Berkeley, to the John Day fossil beds in 1898.

1902 An Illustrated History of Baker, Grant, Malheur and Harney Counties... State of Oregon. Western Historical Publishing Company, [Spokane, WA.].

Written by anonymous local informants, the volume is one of several 'mug" books with detailed overview histories of counties produced as a for-profit venture. The book covers the lives of dozens of people mentioned in no other historical accounts.

1903 Portrait and Biographical Record of the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Chapman Publishing Company, Chicago, IL.

This is a volume of biographies of pioneer settlers who paid to be included and who dictated their memoirs.

1967 John Day Fossil Beds: A Study. MS Typescript, National Park Service, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, OR.

This report of 29 pages was developed at the beginning of NPS administration of the national monument to summarize its primary features: natural history, geology, history, archaeology, and recreation

1975 Cant Ranch Oral History Tapes. Typescript Notes, National Park Service, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, OR.

The notes were gleaned from interviews with knowledgeable persons who worked at, were descended from, or knew the Cant family.

Applegate, Shannon and Terrence O'Donnell, eds.
1994 Talking on Paper: An Anthology of Oregon Letters and Diaries. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.

Volume six in the Oregon Literature Series, this anthology included translations of letters written by Chinese residing in the upper John Day region in the latter nineteenth century. Each selection has an introductory note.

ARCIA (see Bureau of Indian Affairs)

Armstrong, Chester
1965 Oregon State Parks: A History, 1917-1963. Oregon Department of Transportation, Salem, OR.

The volume provides a history of state parks and background information on the acquisition and development of many parks with the state system.

Ashton, Vera Officer
n.d. A Short Resume of Floyd Lee Officer's Early Life in the Basin and the Famous Fossil Beds Area. MS typescript, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, OR.

Vera Ashton provided biographical information about her father, a homesteader in what became the national monument.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe
1890 History of California. Vol. 7,1860-1890. The History Company, San Francisco, CA.

This is the last of an ambitious, fully documented set of volumes providing an overview of California history through the Spanish, Mexican, and American periods to 1890.

Barlow, Jeffrey G. and Christine A. Richardson
1979 China Doctor of John Day. Binford and Mort, Portland, OR.

Barlow and Richardson worked with the collections in Doc Hay's apothecary store and wove in a background history of the Chinese in Grant County.

1991 Gum San, Land of the Golden Mountain: An Exhibit on Chinese Life and Labor in the West. The High Desert Museum, Bend, OR.

Prepared as an exhibit catalog, this handsomely illustrated volume provides background information on Chinese immigration to the United States and life in the American West.

Beckham, Stephen Dow
1984a Ethnohistorical Context of Reserved Indian Fishing Rights: Pacific Northwest Treaties, 1851-1855. Report in U.S. v. Washington, Civil No. 213 - Phase I, submitted to Oregon Department of Justice, Salem, OR.

Prof. Beckham analyzed all Pacific Northwest treaties unratified and ratified--for the enumeration of reserved rights and the identities of probable user groups. The analysis included both Indians as well as "citizens of the territory" and "citizens of the United States."

1984b 'This Place is Romantic and Wild': An Historical Overview of the Cascades Area, Fort Cascades, and the Cascades Townsite, Washington Territory. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, OR.

The volume is a history of the early development of federal government activities and civilian investments at the key portage of the Columbia River. The focal period is 1805-1896

1997 Coos Bay Wagon Road: Historical Investigations and Identification of Interpretive Options. Report submitted to Coos Bay BLM District, U.S. Department of Interior, North Bend, OR.

This is a history of one of five land-grant, military wagon roads in Oregon and discusses the Coos Bay Wagon Road in the context of others, including The Dalles- Boise Military Wagon Road.

1998 History Since 1846. Handbook of North American Indians, 12:149-173. Deward E. Walker, Jr., ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Prof. Beckham assessed the last 150 years of U.S. and Canadian Indian policy across the interior of the Pacific Northwest to create a major synthesis of applications of programs and their impacts on the region's tribes.

2000a John Day River, Oregon: An Examination of Navigable Uses and Navigability Potentials. Report submitted to the Oregon Department of Justice and to the Oregon Sate Land Board, Salem, OR.

2000b John Day River, Oregon: An Examination of Navigable Uses and Navigability Potentials. Supplemental report submitted to the Oregon Department of Justice and to the Oregon State Land Board, Salem, OR.

Expert witness reports with data derived from the records of the Oregon Utility Commission and title records of Wheeler County.

Berkhofer, Robert J., Jr.
1988 White Conceptions of Indians. Handbook of North American Indians, 4:522-547. Wilcomb E. Washburn, ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Prof. Berkhofer dealt with images of 'nobility" and "savagery" associated with American Indians and, in particular, discussed the role of "captivity narratives' in shaping Euro-American perceptions.

Bestland, Erick A. and Gregory J. Retallack
1994 Geology and Paleoenvironments of the Painted Hills Unit, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon. Final Report submitted to the National Park Service, John Day, OR.

This is a monographic report based upon research into geology and prehistoric environmental conditions in the Painted Hills.

Bettany, G. T
1876 On the Genus Merycohoerus, Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 32:259.

This short article assesses Merycohoerus, a specimen from the John Day fossil beds.

Bones, Thomas J.
1979 Atlas of Fossil Fruits & Seeds From North Central Oregon. OMSI Occasional Papers in Natural Science, No. 1, Portland, OR.

The atlas covers fossil fruits and seeds found in North Central Oregon.

Boyd, Robert
1990 Demographic History. Handbook of North American Indians, 7:135-148. Wayne Suttles, ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Boyd addressed the pathenogenic consequences of the Euro-American incursion into the Northwest Coast Culture Area. He discussed waves of population declines.

Brimlow, George F
1938 The Bannock Indian War of 1878. Caxton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, ID.

Prof. Brimlow's history covers the causes and course of the Bannock War of 1878 in southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon.

Brogan, Phil
1972 Letters of the Editor: The Painted Hills and the Carroll Family, Oregon Historical Quarterly 73(3): 258-268.

Brogan, a newspaper writer in Bend, discussed the history of the Carroll family which lived in the Bridge Creek area a century ago.

1977 East of the Cascades. Binford & Mort, Portland, OR.

A general history of central Oregon, with a focus on Bend and the Deschutes River country.

Brosnan, Cornelius
1932 Jason Lee: Prophet of the New Oregon. The Macmillan Company, New York, NY

The biography of Lee saw him as a heroic figure, not as a failed missionary dismissed from his position in 1843. Lee was assessed as a harbinger of American civilization.

Buan, Carolyn M. and Richard Lewis, eds.
1991 The First Oregonians. An Illustrated Collection of Essays on Traditional Lifeways, Federal-Indian Relations, and the State's Native People Today. Oregon Council for the Humanities, Portland, OR.

This volume written by several scholars and tribal representatives provided an excellent overview of culture and history of Oregon tribes.

Buckingham, Harriet Talcott
1984 Crossing the Plains In 1851. Covered Wagon Women, Vol. 3:15-52. Kenneth L. Holmes, ed. Arthur H. Clark Co., Glendale, CA.

Buckingham's diary discussed her 1851 overland trek to Oregon. The account is sometimes interesting because of the stories the author recorded.

Bureau of the Census

The decennial census included statistics on dozens of economic matters. The compendium summarized the findings by subject, by state, by county. The same is true for all census records cited.

1872 Ninth Census: The Statistics of the Wealth and Industry of the United States. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC.

1880 Tenth Census of the United States, Microcopy T-9, Roll 1081, Grant County, Oregon, National Archives, Washington, DC.

1895 Eleventh Census: Report on the Statistics of Agriculture. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC.

1913 Thirteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1910. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC.

1932 Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Bureau of The Census, Washington, DC.

1952 United States Census of Agriculture, 1950. Counties and State Economic Office, Washington, DC.

1972 1969 Census of Agriculture: Area Reports. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

1987 Census of Agriculture: Geographic Area Series. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Bureau of Indian Affairs (ARCIA)

The Annual Report included both the Commissioner's overview of Indian affairs and also letters from the Oregon Superintendent and Indian agents for the year previous. The reports and letters are an invaluable compendium of primary information. The same is true for all volumes cited.

1850 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Printed for the Office of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington, DC.

1858 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. William A. Harris, Printer, Washington, DC.

1859 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. George W. Bowman, Printer, Washington, DC.

1860 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. George W. Bowman, Printer, Washington, DC.

1863 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

1864 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

1867 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

1874 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

The Master Title Plat is a record of lands which have left federal ownership and lands remaining in federal jurisdiction or reacquired. The Historical Index is a chronology of lands leaving federal ownership and includes precise locations, serial number, type of action, and date of action. The Control Data Inventory is a set of aperture cards of the transactions documents for disposition or reacquisition of federal lands.

n.d.a. Master Title Plat, T12S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.b. Historical Index, T12S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.c. Control Data Inventory, T12S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.d. Master Title Plat, T7S, R19E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.e. Historical Index, T7S, R19E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.f. Control Data Inventory, T7S, R19E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.g. Master Title Plat, T11S R21E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.h. Historical Index, T11S, R21E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.i. Control Data Inventory, T11S, R21E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.j. Master Title Plat, T11S, R20E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.k. Historical Index, T11S, R20E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.l. Control Data Inventory, T11S, R20E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.m. Master Title Plat, T10S, R20E., W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.n. Historical Index, T10S, R20E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.o. Control Data Inventory, T10S, R20E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.p. Master Title Plat, T10S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.q. Historical Index, T10S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.r. Control Data Inventory, T10S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.s. Master Title Plat, T11S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.t. Historical Index, T11S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.u. Control Data Inventory, T11S, R26E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.v. Master Title Plat, T10S, R21E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.w. Historical Index, T10S, R21E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

n.d.x. Control Data Inventory, T10S, R21E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

Burtchard, Greg C., Jacquline Y. Cheung, and Eric B. Gleason
1994 Archaeology and the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, North-Central Oregon, Part II: 1993 Inventory Data. Report of International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc., Honolulu, Hawaii, submitted to National Park Service, Seattle, WA.

This report, based upon both literature search and ground survey, inventories archaeological resources discovered in the three units of the National Monument.

Campbell, Arthur H.
1976 The Clarno Era. MS Typescript, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, National Park Service, John Day, OR.

This is a rambling, undocumented but generally useful history of the Clarno family and some of its activities upon settlement near Clarno, Oregon. It is illustrated with historic photographs.

1980 John Day River: Drift and Historical Guide. Frank Amato Publications, Portland, OR.

A mile by mile rafting guide covering the stretch from Service Creek Bridge to Cottonwood Bridge, this anecdotal history is well sprinkled with photographs of local landmarks along the way.

Cant, James, Jr., and Freda Cant
1984 Cant Ranch Oral History Program, Monograph 7. John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, National Park Service, John Day, OR.

The document is based upon an oral history taken in 1982 and 1983 from James Cant and Freda (Erikson) Cant about family history and ranching in the upper John Day region.

Carey, Charles
1922 History of Oregon. Vol. 2. The Pioneer Historical Publishing Company, Chicago, IL., and Portland, OR.

The second volume of Carey's history is a compilation of biographies of white male notables who paid to have their life stories told in this series.

Chaney, R. W.
1924 Quantitative Studies of the Bridge Creek Flora. American Journal of Science, 5th Series, 8(44):127-144.

Chaney was one of the first to publish on the ancient botany of the Bridge Creek area.

1927 Geology and Paleontology of the Crooked River Basin. Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C., Publication 347, No. 4.

Chaney's study provided an overview of the geology and paleontology of the Crooked River region of Central Oregon.

1948 The Ancient Forests of Oregon: Condon Lectures, Oregon State System of Higher Education, Eugene, OR.

Late in his career, Prof. Chaney shared with students and faculty of the University of Oregon his assessments of the prehistoric forests of Central Oregon. The lectures summarized more than twenty years of studies based on work in Central Oregon.

Clark, Keith and Lowell Tiller
1966 Terrible Trail: the Meek Cutoff, 1845. The Caxton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, ID.

This team-written monograph provided an overview of the ill-fated wagon train which followed Stephen H. L. Meek in 1845 on his alleged short-cut to the Willamette Valley. The account includes biographical notes on travelers.

Clark, Robert D.
1989 The Odyssey of Thomas Condon: Irish Immigrant, Frontier Missionary, Oregon Geologist. Oregon Historical Society Press, Portland, OR.

Prof. Clark wrote an excellent biography of the various careers of Thomas Condon, immigrant, missionary, and avid geologist. The work is fully documented.

Conyers, Enoch W.
1906 Diary of E. W. Conyers, a Pioneer of 1852. Oregon Pioneer Association Transactions, 33rd Reunion, pp. 423-512.

Based on up Conyers' 1852 diary, this is the expanded narrative which he wrote late in life. It is filled with detail about Oregon Trail conditions and emigrant life.

Cope, Edward D.
1884 The Vertebrata of the Tertiary Formations of the West. 2 vols. United States Geological Survey of the Territories. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Cope compiled a massive, handsomely illustrated report of the paleontological specimens he had collected during various expeditions in the American West. His findings included a number of fossils from the upper John Day region.

Corning, Howard McKinley, ed.
1956 Dictionary of Oregon History. Binfords & Mort, Publishers, Portland, OR

Long out of date but useful, the dictionary included biographical sketches and brief entries on subjects of Oregon history.

Cox, Ross
1831 Adventures on the Columbia River Including the Narrative of a Residence of Six Years on the West Side of the Rocky Mountains Among Various Tribes of Indians Hereto Unknown, Together With a Journey Across the American Continent. H. Colburn and R. Bentley, London.

This primary account was penned by a participant in the Pacific Fur Company and recounted his adventures in the far West, including Oregon.

Cross, Osborne
1850 A Report in the Form of a Journal. Senate Exec. Doc. No. 1, Part 2, 31 Cong., 2 Sess. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Cross was a commander of the Mounted Riflemen who crossed the Oregon Trail in
1849 to establish a military presence in Oregon. His journal was filled with description
and illustrated with plates, probably executed from the drawings of civilians George
Gibbs and William Henry Tappan.

Culp, Edwin D.
1972 Stations West. The Story of the Oregon Railways. The Caxton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, ID.

Strong on its use of historic photographs and time tables, this history of Oregon railroads covers many of the short line routes which carried passengers.

Dorf, Erling
Letter of March 8 to Benjamin F. Ladd. MS, Files, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

Dorf's letter, from Princeton University's Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences, responds to an inquiry from the Monument on the whereabouts of Ralph Chaney's records of work in the John Day area.

Drury, Clifford Merrill
1936 Henry Harmon Spalding: Pioneer of Old Oregon. The Caxton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, ID.

Ambitiously researched, this is the standard, apologetic biography of Spalding, missionary to the Nez Perce.

1937 Marcus Whitman, M.D.: Pioneer and Martyr. The Caxton Printers, Ltd., Caldwell, ID.

The title confirmed the author's slant. Whitman was the bringer of "civilization" to the
Indians. When they murdered him, he was a martyr. The book failed to see the
Indian point of view about the consequences of Whitman's ministry or assistance to
emigrants.

Due, John F. and Giles French
1979 Rails to the Mid-Columbia Wheatlands: The Columbia Southern and the Great Southern Railroads and the Development of Sherman and Wasco Counties, Oregon. University Press of America, Washington, DC.

The authors wrote a history of short-line railroads south from the OR & N primary route along the south shore of the Columbia River.

Eakin, S. B., Jr.
1970 A Short Sketch of a Trip Across the Plains by S. B. Eakin & Family, 1866. Typescript, Lane County Historical Society, Eugene, OR.

Eakin's narrative covered his family's emigration overland to Oregon. It was not a particularly noteworthy trip.

Elliott, T. C.
1913 Journal of John Work's Snake Country Expedition of 1830-31, Oregon Historical Quarterly 14:280-314.

Work was among the first Euro-Americans to penetrate the upper John Day country while in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company. His journal was concerned with his travels and labors.

1914 The Dalles-Celilo Portage: Its History and Influence, Oregon Historical Quarterly 15(2):133-174

Elliott assessed the significance of the control by the Plateau Indians of the transit around Celilo Falls and Five Miles Rapids He saw the portage challenges as significant in the region's early history

1916 Last Will and Testament of John Day, Oregon Historical Quarterly 17:373-377.

Elliott assessed the meager historical traces left by the fur trapper, John Day.

Erigero, Patricia
1995 Notes and Thematic Chronologies. John Day Fossil Beds Historic Resource Study.

Erigero assembled useful, detailed chronologies by decade and theme from a wide variety of sources.

Everhart, William C.
1958 Camp Watson, National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings. Copy, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.

This document contains an early assessment of the significance of Camp Watson, although the National Park Service surveyor was unable to verify the location of the site on the ground.

Farragher, John Mack
1979 Women and Men on the Overland Trail. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Prof. Farragher discussed gender roles and expectations of overland emigrants, both to Oregon as well as to California.

Fremd, Theodore, Erick Bestland, and Gregory J. Retallack
1994 John Day Basin Paleontology Field Trip Guide and Road Log. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA.

John Day Fossil Beds paleontologist Fremd and others prepared this informal, casual guide as an overview for participants in the Society's annual meeting in Seattle.

Fowler, Catherine S. and Sven Liljeblad
1986 Northern Paiute. Handbook of North American Indians, 11:435-465. Warren L. D'Zaevedo, ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

The team-written article is an excellent assessment of traditional lifeways of the Northern Paiute. Like most Handbook articles, it is light on historical assessment.

Franchere, Gabriel
1819 Relation d'un Voyage a la Cote du Nord-Ouest de L'Amerique Septentrionale, dans les Annees 1810, 11, 12, 13, et 14. De L'Imprimereie C. B. Pasteur, Montreal.

This is the first edition of the narrative of Franchere, an employee of the Pacific Fur Company about his labors for John Jacob Astor in the Oregon country.

1854 Narrative of a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America in the Years
1811, 1812, 1813, and 1814; Or, the First American Settlement on the Pacific. Redfield, New York, NY.

This is the first English edition of the narrative of Franchere, an employee of the Pacific Fur Company about his labors for John Jacob Astor in the Oregon country.

Fremont, John Charles
1970 The Expeditions of John Charles Fremont. Vol. 1, Travels from 1838 to 1844. Donald Jackson and Mary Lee Spence, eds. University of Illinois Pres, Urbana, IL.

Volume 1 covered Fremont's overland expedition on the Oregon Trail in 1842 and 1843, including his transit of the Columbia Plateau and journey south into the Great Basin. This edition, based on the original of 1845, is usefully edited and introduced.

Fullerton, Mark A.
1881 Plat of Survey, T11S, R20E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

This is Fullerton's survey plat based upon his subdivisions in the township in 1881.

Fussner, F. Smith, ed.
1975 Glimpses of Wheeler County's Past: An Early History of North Central Oregon. Wheeler County Historical Commission, Portland, OR.

Prof. Fussner pulled together the accounts by local writers for this Bicentennial history of Wheeler County. It is written without documentation but by individuals who generally knew the history.

Gates, Paul W.
1968 History of Public Land Law Development. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Prof. Gates wrote a classic in this volume. He assessed the long, convoluted history of federal land law.

Gaertner, John T.
1992 The North Bank Road: The Spokane, Portland & Seattle Railroad. Washington State University, Pullman, WA.

The volume covered the building of the SP & S Railroad along the north bank of the Columbia and discussed some of its short-line connections.

General Land Office
1876 State of Oregon [Map]. U.S. Department of Interior, General Land Office, [Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.]

The 1876 map showed towns and travel routes.

Habersham, Robert A.
1878 Oregon Ter., Portland Ogn. J. K. Gill & Co., Portland, OR.

This map showed sites of military interest in Oregon through 1878.

Haines, Francis E., Jr.
1971 The Snake Country Expedition of 1830-31: John Work's Field Journal. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.

Prof. Haines edited and introduced the diary of John Work on his expedition into the
Snake Country and Central Oregon in 1830-31. Work was an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company.

Hammer, Jacob
1990 This Emigrating Company: The 1844 Oregon Trail Journal of Jacob Hammer Thomas A. Rumer, ed. Arthur H. Clark Co., Spokane, WA.

Hammer was one of the few diarists of the Oregon Trail route to Oregon in 1844 His account, while not especially literate, provided details of that year's emigration

Hartwig, Paul
1973 Kam Wah Chung Co. Building, National Register nomination. Copy, National Park Service, Seattle, WA.

This nomination was prepared by assistant park historian Hartwig out of the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office.

Hastings, Loren Brown
1926 Diary of Loren B. Hastings: A Pioneer of 1847. Oregon Pioneer Association Transactions, 51st Reunion, 1923, pp. 12-26.

Hastings vividly expressed his opinions and observations in his journal of the 1847 emigration He met Whitman at the Umatilla River and subsequently learned about his murder

Hilty, Ivy E., Jean H. Peters, Eva M. Benson, Margaret A. Edwards and Lorraine T. Miller
1972 Nutritive Values of Native Foods of Warm Springs Indians. Oregon State University Extension Service, Corvallis, OR.

The monograph identifies popular, scientific, and Indian names of edible foods and assessed their caloric value.

House of Representatives
House Executive Document No. 65, 36 Cong., 1 Sess.

This document contains the report of Captain D. H. Wallen's road-reconnaissance from The Dalles to the head of Crooked River.

Humason, O[rlando]
1869 Map of The Dalles Military Road from Dalles City, on Columbia river, to Fort Boise, on Snake river--330 1/2 Miles. M-934, RG 77, Records of the Chief of Engineers, National Archives, Washington, DC.

Humason was one of the primary owners of the wagon road company gaining the lucrative land grant from the state under the federal grant program. He mapped the route as it was proposed in 1869.

Humphreys, Dollina
1984b Cant Ranch Oral History Program, Monograph No. 6. John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

Dollina (Stewart) Humphreys was interviewed in 1982 and 1983 about life and history in the upper John Day region. She discussed the Scottish sub-culture and sheep ranching.

Humphreys, Rhys
1984a Cant Ranch Oral History Program, Monograph 1. John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

Rys Humphreys was interviewed in 1982 about sheep ranching, the Cant family, transportation, and social conditions in the upper John Day region.

Hunn, Eugene S.
1990 Nch'i-Wana: 'The Big River,' Mid Columbia Indians and Their Land. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.

Hunn worked with the Selam family of the Yakama Nation to write this ethnographic assessment of a major tribe living on the Columbia Plateau. It is especially strong in its assessment of the seasonal round and traditional technology.

Hunn, Eugene S. and David H. French
1998 Western Columbia River Sahaptins. Handbook of North American Indians, 12:378-394. Deward E. Walker, Jr., ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Profs. Hunn and French wrote the ethnographic overview of the Sahaptins who occupied the lower John Day and other nearby regions on the Columbia Plateau.

Irving, Washington
1836 Astoria; Or Anecdotes of an Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains. Carey, Lea & Blanchard, Philadelphia, PA.

Irving wrote a history based on primary sources about the labors of the Pacific Fur Company in Oregon 1810-1813. The book has remained in print for more than 160 years.

1837 The Rocky Mountains, or, Sciences, Incidents, and Adventures in the Far West Digested from the Journal of Captain B. L. E. Bonneville. Carey, Lea & Blanchard, Philadelphia, PA.

Irving used the life and adventures of B. L. E. Bonneville to write a popular account of the Rocky Mountain fur trade. The book fostered popular interest in Oregon.

Jackson, Kathleen (Bales)
1984 Cant Ranch Oral History Program, Monograph No. 4. John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, National Park Service, John Day, OR.

Kathleen (Bales) Jackson grew up on a ranch near Dayville This interview was made in 1983 and covered ranching, teaching, and family life in the upper John Day region.

Jackson, W. Turrentine
1952 Wagon Roads West: a Study of Federal Road Surveys and Construction in the Trans-Mississippi West, 1846-1869. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Prof. Jackson wrote a definitive history of labors of the Topographical Engineers in surveying and building wagon roads in the American West.

Johansen, Dorothy O.
1957 The Role of Land Laws in the Settlement of Oregon. pp. iii-viii, Genealogical Material in Oregon Donation Land Claims. Genealogical Forum of Portland, Oregon, Portland, OR.

This introductory essay assessed the primary federal land acts which shaped settlement in Oregon. Johansen put special emphasis on the Donation Land Act of 1850.

Kappler, Charles J., ed.
1904 Indian Laws and Treaties. Vol. 2, Treaties. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Kappler compiled in this volume the ratified Indian treaties of the United States. The entries include date of negotiation, date of ratification, statute citation, and names of signatories.

Kelly, Isabel T.
1938 Northern Paiute Tales, The Journal of American Folk-Lore, 51 (202):304-438.

Kelly collected oral literature of the Northern Paiute. These tales recounted cultural values and history of the Indians of south-central and southeastern Oregon.

Kenny, Judith Keyes
1957 The Founding of Camp Watson, Oregon Historical Quarterly 58:4-16.

Kenny wrote the history of the military post, Camp Watson, 1864-1869. The Oregon Infantry used this site in its campaigns against the Northern Paiute.

1963 Early Sheep Ranching in Eastern Oregon, Oregon Historical Quarterly 64:10 1-122.

Kenny interviewed family members and neighbors to craft this history of the emergence of sheep ranching on the southern Columbia Plateau.

Kestler, Frances Roe
1990 The Indian Captivity Narrative: A Woman's View. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY.

Prof. Kestler assessed through gendered analysis the role of the captivity narrative in shaping popular perceptions of American Indians.

Kincaid, John
1872 Plat of Survey, T10S, R20E, W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

1873 Plat of Survey, T11S, R21E; W.M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

Knowlton, Frank
1902 Flora of the John Day Basin, Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 204. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Knowlton analyzed specimens from the upper John Day country and wrote a descriptive account of prehistory flora.

Knuth, Priscilla, ed.
1964 Cavalry in the Indian Country, 1864. Oregon Historical Quarterly 65:4-118.

Capt. John M. Drake's diary of 1864 is a chronicle of military frustration in the pursuit of Northern Paiute Indians in central and southeastern Oregon.

Knuth, Prisicilla
1966 'Picturesque' Frontier: The Army's Fort Dalles, Oregon Historical Quarterly, 67:293-346.

Based on a rigorous review of manuscript military sources, this article is a fine history of Fort Dalles, particularly its architecture.

Landis, Robert L.
1969 Post Offices of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, Illustrated. Patrick Press, Portland, OR.

Landis published a summary of post offices by name, date of establishment, and date of closure. The volume has no analysis but is illustrated with early postmarks.

Langille, S. A.
1948a John Day Fossil Beds: A State Park of the Yesterdays. MS Typescript, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

State Parks Historian Langille wrote a history to justify holding acreage in the upper John Day region for its paleontological significance and utility for state park development.

1948b The Painted Hills: A Unique State Park of Wheeler County. MS Typescript, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

Langille wrote a history the the Bridge Creek area, describing its paleontological significance and making recommendations for its development as a state park.

Lansing, Ronald B.
1993 Juggernaut: The Whitman Massacre Trial, 1850. Ninth Judicial Circuit Court Historical Society, Pasadena, CA.

Prof. Lansing, using the original transcript of the trial of the alleged Cayuse murderers of the Whitmans, has assessed the trial and its consequences.

Lee, Daniel and John H. Frost
1844 Ten Years in Oregon. J. Collord, Printer, New York, NY.

This primary account by two members of the Methodist Mission described Oregon and its resources.

Lempfrit, Honore-Timothee
1984 Honore-Timothee Lempfrit: His Oregon Trail Journal and Letters from the Pacific Northwest, 1848-1853. Patricia Meyer, ed. Ye Galleon Press, Fairfield, WA.

Father Lempfrit was an articulate observer and literally a gourmet on the Oregon Trail. His narrative is filled with fascinating accounts of the 1848 migration.

Lentz, Florence K.
1994 An Inventory and Evaluation of Historic Properties Associated with Transportation in Washington State. Eastern Washington University Reports in Archaeology and History 100-90. Archaeological and Historical Services.

In conjunction with a statewide survey, Lentz documented the rise and evolution of roadside architecture in the Pacific Northwest, with a focus on property types applicable throughout the region.

1998 Cant Ranch Historic District: Amended National Register Nomination Form. National Park Service, Seattle, WA.

This amended nomination draws from work mounted in 1983, 1986, 1988, and 1996. It makes an exhaustive identification and assessment of the setting, periods of history, and the existing structures. It is supported by detailed maps showing spatial relationships of the features identified.

Lomax, Alfred L.
1941 Pioneer Woolen Mills in Oregon: History of Wool and the Woolen Textile Industry in Oregon, 1811-1875. Binfords & Mort, Publishers, Portland, OR.

Prof. Lomax wrote a history of early efforts to develop the woolens industry in Oregon. This is a business history based on primary sources.

1950 Oregon Wool-Scouring Plants of the Early 1900s, Oregon Historical Quarterly 51:43-52.

Prof. Lomax wrote a history of wool-scouring plants, including the ill-fated first plant at The Dalles, OR.

McArthur, Lewis L.
1974 Oregon Geographic Names. Oregon Historical Society, Portland, OR.

McArthur compiled histories of place names based upon interviews, letters, and historical accounts. The volume is organized alphabetically and is periodically updated.

McClung, C. E.
1906 The University of Kansas Expedition Into the John Day Region of Oregon. Kansas Academy of Science Transactions, 20:67-70.

This is McClung's brief narrative about the paleontological investigations of the crew from the University of Kansas in the John Day Fossil Beds.

McKelvey, Susan Delano
1991 Botanical Exploration of the Trans-Mississippi West, 1790-1850. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.

Introduced by Prof. Beckham and heralded as a classic work, McKelvey's study of 1,144 pages is reprinted from the original edition. The book is a history of labors of botanists throughout the American West to 1850.

McNeil, William H.
1953 History of Wasco County, Oregon. MS Typescript, Oregon Historical Society, Portland, OR.

A typescript of nearly 400 single-spaced pages, this rambling but informative history covers pioneer days in Wasco County. It has no style, is discursive, but is useful.

Manchester, Steven R.
1994 Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon, Palaeontographica Americana, 58:7-14.

Manchester assessed nut beds flora.

Mark, Stephen R.
1996 Floating in the Stream of Time: An Administrative History of John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. Pacific West Field Area--Columbia Cascades Cluster, National Park Service, 1996.

This ably written and well-researched history covers the founding and administration of the National Monument.

Mascall, Billy.
1939 Billy Mascall Tells of the Pioneers, John Day Valley Ranger, March.

This article consists of a short talk given by Mascall, a second-generation pioneer in the Dayville area, to a meeting of the Woolgrowers' Auxiliary

Mascall, Lillian Cant and Francis Kocis
n.d. Typed interview transcript,John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, OR.

This short transcript records an informal conversation at the Mascall Ranch between Lillian Mascall and Kocis, Chief Ranger at the Monument, sometime between 1978 and 1984.

Menefee, Leah Collins and Lowell Tiller
1978 Cutoff Fever, VI, Oregon Historical Quarterly, 79:4-50.

Part six of an article that "would not stop," this is the history of the efforts in 1853 to open the Free Emigrant Route from Fort Boise to the upper Willamette Valley by way of Central Oregon. It is well researched but too much of the information is buried in footnotes.

Merriam J. C., C. Stock and C. L. Moody
1925 The Pliocene Rattlesnake Formation and the Fauna of Eastern Oregon, with Notes on the Geology of the Rattlesnake and Mascall Deposits, Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C., Publication No. 347, Paper Ill, pp. 43-92.

This monograph assesses faunal collections and geology of the Rattlesnake and Mascall deposits in the upper John Day region. Merriam collected in the John Day Fossil Beds starting in 1899. He then taught at the University of California, Berkeley, CA.

Merriam, Lawrence C., Jr. and David G. Talbot
1992 Oregon's Highway Park System 1921-1989: An Administrative History Including Historical Overview and Park Directory. Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, Salem, OR.

This volume provides a history of state park development in Oregon, special programs and initiatives taken in the years 1962-89, a parks directory, and several useful appendices.

Mosgrove, Jerry L.
1980 The Malheur National Forest: An Ethnographic History. USDA Forest Service, John Day, OR.

This is primarily a history of the lands within or immediately adjacent to the Malheur National Forest. It contains little ethnography. The volume is illustrated.

Moulton, Gary E., ed.
1983- The Journals of the Lewis & Clark Expedition. 11 vols. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE.

Prof. Moulton has prepared the latest, definitive edition of the journals of Lewis & Clark and other members of their expedition. The project is not completed.

Munnick, Harriet Duncan
1989 Priest's Progress: The Journey of Francis Norbert Blanchet from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific in Three Parishes. Binford & Mort, Publishing, Portland, OR.

Munnick at age ninety-two wrote this biography of Fr. Blanchet who founded the Catholic missions of Oregon and Washington.

Munnick, Harriet Duncan and Adrian R. Munnick
1989 Catholic Church Records of the Pacific Northwest: Missions of St. Ann and St. Rose of the Cayouse, 1847-1888, Walla Walla and Frenchtown, 1859-1872, Frenchtown, 1872-1888. Binford & Mort, Publishing, Portland, OR.

Munnick and her son, Adrian, translated into English, edited, and prepared biographical notes on key figures in the parish registers of these Columbia Plateau Catholic missions. The volume has biographical information on Indians, metis, and early settlers.

Munro, Stella
1984 Cant Ranch Oral History Program, Monograph No. 2. John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, National Park Service, John Day, OR.

Interviewed in 1982, Munro recounted teaching at Cant School in 1919, living with the
Cant family, marriage, and events of social and economic affairs in the upper John
Day region in the first half of the twentieth century.

Murray, Eva
1984b Cant Ranch Oral History Program, Monograph No. 5. John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

Eva (Officer) Murray was interviewed in 1982 about her family's history and its role in the development of Grant County. She described life, ranching, work, and the Cant and Officer families, in particular.

Murray, John
1984a Cant Ranch Oral History Program, Monograph No. 3. John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

Interviewed in 1982 and 1983, John Murray recounted life near Dayville where he was born in 1904. His oral history assessed ranching and sheep raising in particular.

National Park Service
n.d. John Day Fossil Beds: A Study. Typescript, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

This report first assessed the potential of the fossil beds for national monument status.

1976 John Day Fossil Beds: Park Resource Maps. National Park Service John Day Fossil Beds Planning Team, Denver Service Center and Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Oregon State University, Denver, CO.

This comb-bound volume reproduced topographic maps of the National Monument units and noted primary trails, quarries, grades, springs, impoundments, and other features.

Nedry, H. S.
1952 Notes on the Early History of Grant County, Oregon Historical Quarterly, 53:235-254.

Nedry compiled an historical overview of settlement, mining, and institutional development in Grant County in the nineteenth century.

Nielsen, Lawrence E., Doug Newman, and George McCart
1985 Pioneer Roads in Central Oregon. Maverick Publications, Bend, OR.

The authors provide information on fifteen, major roads in Central Oregon and include maps and photographs based upon ground visits to several of the routes.

Oliphant, J. Orin
1968 On the Cattle Ranges of the Oregon Country. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.

Prof. Oliphant worked for nearly forty years to craft this history of the cattle industry and, most particularly, the "Rise of Trans-Cascadia," the interior of the Pacific Northwest. The volume is fully documented and is focussed on the nineteenth century.

Oliver, Herman
1962 Gold and Cattle Country. E. R. Jackman, ed. Binfords & Mort, Publishers, Portland, OR.

A lifetime resident of Grant County, Herman Oliver wrote a history of the region, concentrating particularly on his family's ranching enterprises east of John Day, OR.

Oregon Department of Transportation
1978 Oregon Cemetery Survey. OR DOT, Salem, OR.

A statewide survey of small town cemeteries and family plots, now updated and accessible on the Internet.

Oregon Society Daughters of the American Revolution
1959 Oregon Historic Landmarks: Eastern Oregon. Oregon Society Daughters of the American Revolution, Portland, OR.

This pamphlet identified a dozen historic sites, each illustrated with a photograph or drawing and each having a short history.

Oregon State Highway Commission
1922 Fifth Biennial Report of the State Highway Commission to the Governor, 1921-1922. Salem, OR.

1922 Sixth Biennial Report of the State Highway Commission to the Governor, 1923-1924. Salem, OR.

These annual reports describe some of the many highway projects underway across the state in these years.

Oregon State Historic Preservation Office
1999 Grant and Wheeler Counties National Register by City. Grant and Wheeler Counties Inventory by City. Salem, OR.

Current listings for the National Register and Oregon Inventory of Historic Places are indexed by locale.

Palmer, Joel
1847 Journal of Travels Over the Rocky Mountains to the Mouth of the Columbia River.... J. A. and U. P. James, Cincinnati, OH.

Palmer came to Oregon in 1845 and traveled widely. His journal described both the Oregon Trail and conditions in the region. Subsequent emigrants used it as a guidebook.

Parker, Samuel
1838 Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains Under the Direction of the A.B.C.F.M. Performed in the Years 1835, '36, and '37. J. C. Derby & Company, Auburn, NY.

Parker traveled overland to Oregon and wrote expansively about the region and its resources. While searching for mission sites, Parker did much to promote interest in Oregon and its resources.

Parrish, Edward Evans
1888 Crossing the Plains in 1844. Oregon Pioneer Association Transactions, 16th Reunion, 1888, pp. 82-122.

The Parrish journal covered emigration from Platte City, MO., to the Whitman Mission. This article was based on his daily diary and reminiscences of overland travel.

Perkins, Henry C.
1873 Plat of Survey, T7S, R19E, W M. BLM Archives, Portland, OR.

Porter, Elizabeth Lee
1990 Iowa to Oregon, 1864. Covered Wagon Women, Vol. 9:12-34. Kenneth L. Holmes, ed. Arthur H. Clark Co., Spokane, WA.

Porter's brief journal covered her overland travel, death of a child, birth of a child, and arrival in western Oregon in October, 1864.

Ray, Verne F., et al.
1938 Tribal Distribution in Eastern Oregon and Adjacent Regions, American Anthropologist, N.S. 40:384-407.

This team-written monograph wrestled with conflicting information and contentions among anthropologists about tribal distribution east of the Cascades.

Reinhart, Herman Francis
1962 The Golden Frontier: The Recollections of Herman Francis Reinhart, 1851-1869. Doyce B. Nunis, ed. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX.

Reinhart saw much of the American West during eighteen years of travel and labor. His reminiscences covered conditions and expectations in the diggings.

Rich, E. E., and A. M. Johnson, eds.
1950 Ogden's Snake Country Journals, 1824-1826. Hudson's Bay Record Society, London, England.

Rich and Johnson edited with extensive introduction and explanatory notes the explorations of Peter Skene Ogden who passed through the upper John Day country during his labors for the Hudson's Bay Company in the 1820s.

Root, Riley
1955 Journal of Travels from St. Josephs to Oregon with Observations of That Country Together With a Description of California, Its Agricultural Interests, and a Full Description of Its Gold Mines. Biobooks, Oakland, CA.

Root intended to write a book based on his overland journey of 1848. He observed both the Oregon Trail as well as conditions and Indians in Oregon and California. He published his account in 1850.

Ruby, Robert H. and John A. Brown
1986 A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.

This is an alphabetical compendium with brief histories of tribes in the Pacific Northwest. It is a useful, secondary source.

Sampson, William R.
1968 Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth. The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West.... Vol. 5. LeRoy R. Hafen, ed. Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, CA.

Sampson was one of several contributing biographers to this ten volume set. He wrote about the labors of Wyeth who trapped in the Deschutes watershed in the mid 1830s.

Sapir, Edward
1909 Wishram Texts Together with Wasco Tales and Myths. Publications of the American Ethnological Society, Vol. 2. E. J. Brill, Publishers and Printers, Leyden, Holland.

Prof. Sapir, a famous linguist, worked with Columbia Plateau Chinookan informants at the turn of the century. This is a collection of their oral tales as dictated to Sapir.

Schlick, Mary Dodds
1994 Columbia River Basketry: Gift of the Ancestors, Gift of the Earth. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.

Elegantly designed and illustrated with color plates, this volume assesses materials, styles, motifs, and the history of Plateau basketry.

Schuchert, Charles and Clare Mae LeVene
1940 O. C. Marsh: Pioneer in Paleontology. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

These authors wrote a biography of 0. C. Marsh, famed paleontologist and sometime collector of fossils in the American West.

Schwantes, Carlos
1989 The Pacific Northwest: an Interpretive History. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln NB.

Scott, William Berryman
1939 Some Memories of a Paleontologist. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Scott, who came to the John Day Fossil Beds in 1889, recounted his adventures in Oregon and elsewhere in this autobiography. Scott worked with Sam Snook, a local rancher, and employed Leader Davis as his guide.

Secord, Jeanne, comp.
1973 Yesterday in Grant County. MS typescript, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.

Secord compiled more than seventy stories and first hand accounts of people and places in Grant County.

Settle, Raymond W., ed.
1940 The March of the Mounted Riflemen, First United States Military Expedition to Travel the Full Length of the Oregon Trail from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Vancouver, May to October, 1849.... Arthur H. Clark Company, Cleveland, OH.

This volume contains the diaries of William Wing Loring and George Gibbs, a military officer and civilian, who traveled the Oregon Trail with the Mounted Riflemen in 1849.

Shaver, F. A., Arthur P. Rose, R. F. Steele and A. E. Adams
1905 An Illustrated History of Central Oregon, Embracing Wasco, Sherman, Gilliam, Wheeler, Crook, Lake, and Klamath Counties, State of Oregon. Western Historical Publishing Company, Spokane, WA.

These authors wrote overview county histories and compiled biographical sketches of prominent citizens who paid to be included in the volume.

Shotwell, J. Arnold
n.d. A Report to the National Park Service on the Significance, History of Investigation, and Salient Paleontological Features of the Upper John Day Basin, Wheeler and Grant Counties, OR. MS Typescript N-30-19, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, OR.

Prof. Shotwell, a geologist at the University of Oregon, wrote a report on the significance and potentials of the John Day Fossil Beds area for the National Park Service. He provided a history of scientific investigations and noted that over 200 articles had been published on specimens from the area.

Sikoryak, Jane and Kim and Norm Steggell
1981 Blue Basin Trail Cultural Resource Inventory Survey in the Sheep Rock Unit, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Grant County, Oregon. National Park Service, Seattle, WA.

The report was based upon a field reconnaissance for cultural resources for a proposed scenic trail in Blue Basin in the Sheep Rock Unit.

Smith, Elizabeth Dixon
1983 The Diary of Elizabeth Dixon Smith. Covered Wagon Women, Vol. 1:111-155. Kenneth L. Holmes, ed. Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, CA.

Smith wrote one of the most poignant and compelling diaries of the Oregon Trail. She recounted her crossing in 1847 and the sad circumstances which she met at the end of her journey.

Southworth, Jack, ed.
n.d. Grant County: in the Beginning. Oliver Historical Museum, Canyon City, OR.

This is a modest but well-researched little booklet that brings the reader into the 1940s.

Steber, Rick and Kristi
1984 Frozen in Time, Ruralite, August.

The Stebers are local feature writers who wrote this interest article on the Cant house and family.

Stern, Theodore
1993 Chiefs and Traders: Indian Relations at Fort Nez Perces, 1818-1855. Vol. 1. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.

1996 Chiefs and Traders in the Oregon Country: Indian Relations at Fort Nez Perces, 1818-1855. Vol. 2. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.

Prof. Stern worked for decades collecting information and interviewing members of the Confederated Tribes of Umatilla. In these two volumes he was concerned with the early history of relations during the fur trade, especially the operations at Fort Nez Perces (Walla Walla).

1998 Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla. Handbook of North American Indians, 12:395-419. Deward E. Walker, Jr., ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Prof. Stern wrote the overview article on the traditional culture of the three primary tribes in the Confederated Tribes of Umatilla.

Sternberg, Charles H.
1931 The Life of a Fossil Hunter. Jensen Printing Company, San Diego, CA.

Sternberg began collecting fossils in Central Oregon in the 1870s. His autobiography confirmed his passion for his life's calling, an interest he passed to his three sons.

Stinchfield, Janet L. and McLaren E.
1983 The History of Wheeler County Oregon. Taylor Publishing Company, Dallas, TX.

A massive 250-page compilation of details on the history of people and places in Wheeler County, a good portion of the early material is taken directly from the 1905 tome, An Illustrated History of Central Oregon by Shaver et al.

Strickland, Rennard and Charles F. Wilkinson, eds.
1982 Felix S. Cohen's Handbook of Federal Indian Law, 1982 Edition. The Michie Company, Law Publishers, Charlottesville, VA.

Strickland and Wilkinson, specialists in Indian law, revised and expanded this classic work on federal Indian law.

Strong, Dexter K.
1940 Beef Cattle Industry in Oregon 1890-1938, Oregon Historical Quarterly, 41: 251-287.

This is an excellent, thoroughly documented treatment of the critical middle years of the cattle industry and the ways in which it adapted to changes conditions in eastern Oregon.

Taylor, Terri and Cathy Gilbert
1996 Cultural Landscape Report: Cant Ranch Historic District, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon. National Park Service, Cultural Resources Division, Seattle, WA.

Thayer, Thomas
1969 The Geologic Setting of the John Day Country. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

This booklet presents a short geological history and road log of the John Day 'Loop."

Thompson, Erwin N.
1969 Shallow Grave at Waiilatpu: The Sagers' West. Oregon Historical Society, Portland, OR.

Thompson worked with reminiscences and contemporaneous accounts of the tragedy in 1847 at the Whitman Mission. This is an illustrated volume providing that history, especially through the recollections of the Sager sisters who were present.

Toepel, Kathryn Anne et al.
Cultural Resource Overview of BLM Lands in North-Central Oregon. University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR.

Toepel et al. prepared a well-researched overview of the public domain and its indigenous peoples, important to a complete understanding of the region.

Toothman, Stephanie
1983 James Cant Ranch Historic District, National Register Nomination. National Park Service, Seattle, WA.

Toothman wrote the nomination to the National Register of the Cant Ranch Historic District. The documented narrative mentioned the structures, particular the Cant house, and spatial arrangements of the ranch, but did not include features of the cultural landscape.

Tourism Industry Literature
n.d. Journey Through Time: Tour 50 Million Years of Oregon's Past, Points of Interest.

One-page flyer with map and list of sites of interest on a 286-mile-long loop through northcentral Oregon.

Townsend, John Kirk
1839 Narrative of a Journey Across the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia River. H. Perkins, Philadelphia, PA.

Townsend, a naturalist, described his adventures in crossing the continent in 1834 with Nathaniel Wyeth. His book helped create interest in Oregon.

Unruh, John D., Jr.
1979 The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL.

Prof. Unruh published the finest secondary history of overland travel in this expansive monograph. He assessed motives, experiences, Indian relations, and several other subjects. The work is a classic.

Victor, Frances Fuller
1894 The Early Indian Wars of Oregon Compiled from the Oregon Archives and Other Original Sources. Frank C. Baker, State Printer, Salem, OR.

Victor, a contract writer for Hubert H. Bancroft, compiled extensive primary sources and also wrote an overview of the mid-nineteenth century Indian wars in Oregon.

Walker, Deward E., Jr., and Roderick Sprague
1998 History Until 1846. Handbook of North American Indians, 12:138-148. Deward E. Walker, Jr., ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Profs. Walker and Sprague wrote a history of early relations with Plateau Indians. They concentrated primarily on the impact of the fur trade and more lightly on missions.

Whistler, David P
Letter of March 7 to Benjamin F. Ladd. MS, Files, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, John Day, OR.

Whistler, Senior Curator at the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum, responded to an inquiry regarding California Institute of Technology expeditions in the 1920s and '30s.

Wilkes, Charles
1845 Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Vol. 4. Lea & Blanchard, Philadelphia, PA.

Lt. Charles Wilkes was commander of a multi-year expedition which, in 1841, visited the Pacific Northwest. One detachment explored the Columbia River east to Fort Walla Walla and mapped their route. Wilkes reported expansively on conditions in the region.

Williams, Glyndwwr, David E. Miller and David H. Miller, eds.
1971 Peter Skene Ogden's Snake Country Journals, 1827-28 and 1828-29. Hudson's Bay Record Society, London, England.

Williams and the Millers prepared a lengthy introduction, editorial notes, and maps in this presentation of Ogden's explorations into the John Day watershed for the Hudson's Bay Company.

Young, Frederick George, ed.
1899 The Correspondence and Journals of Captain Nathaniel J. Wyeth, 1831-6: A Record of Two Expeditions for the Occupation of the Oregon Country, with Maps, Introduction and Index. University [of Oregon] Press, Eugene, OR.

Prof. Young lightly edited and published the Wyeth journals and letters about his efforts to establish a fur trading company in Oregon in the 1830s.

Zieber, John
1921 Diary of John S. Zeiber [Zieber], 1851. Oregon Pioneer Association Transactions, 48th Reunion, 1920, pp. 301-335.

Zieber's journal of 1851 documented his family's journey overland to Oregon. The account opened in April in Illinois and concluded with arrival in the Willamette Valley.

Personal Communications with Staff, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument

1995	Fremd, Theodore J. — Museum Curator (Paleontology). Hammett, James F. — Park Manager Tanski, Henry M. — Park Ranger
1994	Cahill, Kelly E. - Museum Technician Hammett, James F. — Park Manager

Miscellaneous Tourism Literature

1970s — 1997

• City of Fossil Museum, a Glimpse of Wheeler County's Past

• Discover More than Just Fossils in Fossil

• Eastern Oregon's Grant County

• Grant County Historical Museum

• A Guide to Oregon Trails in Sherman County Oregon

• Historic Sites and Driving Tours, Gilliam County Oregon

• John Day Fossil Beds

• Journey through Time Oregon Tour Route

• Kam Wah Chung & Co. Museum

• Sherman County, The Land Between the Rivers

• Sherman County Historical Museum

• Then and Now, the Oregon Trail in Oregon

• Wheeler County

• Wheeler County Driving Tours