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John Day Fossil Beds
Rocks & Hard Places: Historic Resources Study |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter One - INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND CULTURES
The John Day Band
The Northern Paiute
Cultural Resources Summary
Chapter Two - EARLY EXPLORATIONS AND EXPEDITIONS
John Day — Origin of the Place Name
Fur Trade Explorations
Further Government Exploration
Cultural Resources Summary
Chapter Three - MISSIONARIES
Protestant Efforts
Catholic Missions
Cultural Resources Summary
Chapter Four - SETTLEMENT
Oregon Fever
Disposition of the Land
Settlement East of the Cascades
Hostilities Erupt
Settlement Patterns and Land Programs
Early Settlement in the Vicinity of the National Monument
Sheep Rock Unit
Clarno Unit
Painted Hills Unit
Subsistence Living
Cultural Resources Summary
Chapter Five - TRANSPORTATION
Oregon Trail Crossing
Supplies to the Gold Mines
The Dalles-Boise Military Road
The Advent of Railroads
Motorization
Cultural Resources Summary
Chapter Six - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Mining
Cattle Ranching
Sheep Ranching
Lumbering
Cultural Resources Summary
Chapter Seven - PALEONTOLOGICAL EXPLORATION
Thomas Condon, Pioneer Geologist
Scientific Expeditions in the Late Nineteenth Century
Early Twentieth Century Research
Recognizing Educational Values
Cultural Resources Summary
Chapter Eight - TOURISM AND RECREATION
Early Recreation
Tourism in the Motor Age
Three State Parks and a National Monument
Cultural Resources Summary
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 2. Hypothetical tribal distribution in northeastern
Fig. 3. Warm Springs Indian woman and traditional
Fig. 4. Hypothetical territory of the Northern Paiute
Fig. 5. Fort Nez Perces (Walla Walla)
Fig. 6. Ogden's campsites in the John Day watershed
Fig. 7. Wascopam Mission, Methodist outpost at The Dalles
Fig. 8. Residents of upper John Day valley traveling by buckboard
Fig. 9. Chang and Lung On, Chinese residents of Grant County
Fig. 10. Drake's 1864 route to "Old Camp Watson" and "Canyon C[it]y
Fig. 11. Sketch labeled Camp Watson
Fig. 12. Fertile bottomlands near Prairie
Fig. 13. Structures and landscape features on the Floyd Officer homestead
Fig. 14. Home of James and Elizabeth Cant
Fig. 15. House locations of Joseph Huntley and Matier (Mettur)
Fig. 16. Clarno School
Fig. 17. Herders with flocks at summer
Fig. 18. Ranch house of the Henry Wheeler family
Fig. 19. Men at work on the Bob Wright on the Parrish Creek Ranch
Fig. 20. Original T.B. Hoover Cabin on Hoover Creek
Fig. 21. The Clarno Grange
Fig. 22. Descent of western flank of the Blue Mountains, Oregon Trail
Fig. 23. Gold-mining town of Canyon City, Oregon
Fig. 24. General route of The Dalles to Canyon City Road
Fig. 25. An eight-horse team pulling a steam boiler
Fig. 26. Site of the ca. 1900 ferry crossing at Spray
Fig. 27. Land grant corridor of The Dalles-Boise Military Road
Fig. 28. Route of The Dalles-Boise Military Road, 1878
Fig. 29. Burnt Ranch, stage stop on The Dalles-Boise Military Road
Fig. 30. Columbia Southern Railway time table
Fig. 31. Postcard depicting the John Day Highway
Fig. 32. Picture Canyon, John Day, 1939
Fig. 33. "Dayville, Oregon, near Fossil Gorge on the John Day Highway
Fig. 34. Covered bridge over Bridge Creek on Ochoco
Fig. 35. Portion of Official AAA Road Map of the Western States
Fig. 36. "City Hotel and Harness Shop" at Mitchell (City of Fossil Museum)
Fig. 37. Sidewalk Cafe (c.1945) in Mitchell
Fig. 38. Grant Co. 40, following the old alignment
Fig. 39. Miners with pack mules on the streets of Canyon City
Fig. 40. Chinatown at John Day, 1909
Fig. 41. Gold Dredging near John Day
Fig. 42. Detail from promotional literature, Clarno Basin Development Co
Fig. 43. Hay stacking in eastern Oregon
Fig. 44. Branding cattle in the John Day watershed
Fig. 45. View of the Oliver Ranch south of John Day
Fig. 46. Sheep shearers, tiers, and tool sharpeners
Fig. 47. Wool buyers at the Henry Heppner warehouse
Fig. 48. Kinzua Pine Mills Co
Fig. 49. The Howell Lumber
Fig. 50. Postcard view of Mitchell
Fig. 51. Kam Wah Chung & Co. Building, John Day
Fig. 52. Main Street in Fossil
Fig. 53. Ghost town at Richmond
Fig. 54. View of Sheep Rock in the "Turtle Cove"
Fig. 55. Canidae from the John Day epoch of Oregon
Fig. 56. View of Carroll Rim on Bridge Creek, Painted Hills Unit
Fig. 57. View of eroded rock palisades at Clarno Unit
Fig. 58. Early View of Camp Hancock
Fig. 59. Headquarters, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument
Fig. 60. Berrie Hall at Hancock Field Station
Fig. 61. Pioneer Picnic at Richmond
Fig. 62. Daughters of Martin Hazeltine of Canyon City
Fig. 63. Fishing on the John Day River
Fig. 64. Swimming pool at Blue Mountain Hot Springs
Fig. 65. Caravan of auto-tourists in the John Day country
Fig. 66. Auto camp serving motorists at John Day
Fig. 67. Tourists in the Painted Hills Unit
Fig. 68. Hikers on John Day River at Sheep Rock
Fig. 69. Julia A. Henderson Pioneer Park
Fig. 70. Independent gas station in Canyon City
Fig. 71. Advent Christian Church
LIST OF TABLES
Table. 2. Acreage in Farms, Grant and Wheeler Counties
Table. 3. Number of Farms, Grant and Wheeler Counties
Table. 4. Wool Production (lbs.), Grant and Wheeler Counties
Table. 5. Numbers of Sheep, Grant and Wheeler Counties
Table. 6. Some Lands Acquired for State Parks at John Day Fossil Beds
Table. 7. Units Studied by National Park Service, 1967
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Last Updated: 25-Apr-2002