Katmai Tourism in Katmai Country

¹ John A. Hussey, Embattled Katmai: A History of Katmai National Monument (San Francisco, National Park Service, 1971), 415-16.

² Hussey, Embattled Katmai, 371, 383-85, 389, 401, 413-14, 421.

³ Hussey, Embattled Katmai, 422; Dr. Robert F. Griggs (Leader, Katmai Expeditions, National Geographic Society) to Ernest Walker Sawyer, USDI, November 22, 1930, in Box 313, RG 79, Records of the NPS, NARA San Bruno.

⁴ John M. Kauffmann, "Katmai National Monument, Alaska, A History of its Establishment and Revision of its Boundaries" (Washington, D.C., NPS, 1954), 8-19, in KATM AH Collection, ARO-RCR; Hussey, Embattled Katmai, 422-23.

⁵ Hussey, Embattled Katmai, 398, 420.

⁶ Louis R. Huber, "Flight to Katmai," Alaska Sportsman 17 (April 1951), 9.

⁷ "Report of the Governor of Alaska for the Fiscal Year 1922," p. 13; Ibid., for Fiscal Year 1923; Box 219, Folder 9 ("National Parks and Monuments," Alaska State Archives, Governor's Correspondence, January 5, 1923; Frank Norris, "Gawking at the Midnight Sun: The Tourist in Early Alaska," (Anchorage, Alaska Historical Commission Studies in History #170, 1985), 90.

⁸ Norris, "Gawking at the Midnight Sun," 91; Alaska Travel Publications, Exploring Katmai National Monument and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (Anchorage, the author, 1974), 26.

⁹ Norris, "Gawking at the Midnight Sun," 91; Robert Stevens, Alaskan Aviation History (Des Moines, Wash., Polynyas Press, 1990), 875, 907; Kay Kennedy, telephone interview by Frank Norris, June 7, 1991.

¹⁰ C.M. Carson (Wildlife Agent, Alaska Game Commission) to Frank T. Been (Supt. MOMC), June 15, 1940, in RG 79, Box 312, NARA San Bruno. Walatka later established his own air service.

¹¹ It did not reopen until the first facilities were established in 1950. See Chapter 2.

¹² Hussey, Embattled Katmai, 423.

¹³ Hussey, Embattled Katmai, 423; Frank T. Been, Supt. MOMC, "Field Notes of Katmai National Monument Inspection," November 12, 1940, pp. 6-46.

¹⁴ Frank T. Been, Supt. MOMC, "Field Notes of Katmai National Monument Inspection," November 12, 1940, 30.

¹⁵ The Bureau of Fisheries came under the control of the Department of the Interior in 1939; the following year, the Bureau of Fisheries was renamed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In the 1950s, the Bureau of Fisheries became the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; its present name is the National Marine Fisheries Service. William Hanable, "Brooks Camp History" (draft report), May 1, 1989, pp. 7-9; Supt. MOMC to the Director, NPS, April 23, 1941, at KATM.

¹⁶ Alaska Travel Publications, Exploring Katmai National Monument, 83.

¹⁷ Alaska Travel Publications, Exploring Katmai National Monument, 77; Raymond I. Petersen, interview by William Hanable and Janis Meldrum, November 23, 1988, I/1.

¹⁸ Hussey, Embattled Katmai, 425; Herbert Maier, Acting RD to Director NPS, May 4, 1948, at KATM.

¹⁹ Alaska Northwest, "Katmai Country," Alaska Geographic 16:1 (Anchorage, the author, 1989), 46; Petersen, Raymond I., Affidavit, September 20, 1982, in Palakia Melgenak Case Files, II/117, in ARO-OL.

²⁰ Petersen, Raymond I., Interview by Frank Norris, August 9, 1990. While living in Kodiak in August 1944, Bud guided President Roosevelt on the island when he arrived for an inspection tour of the Kodiak Navy Base. According to son Michael, Bud was scheduled to fly the president over to Katmai to fish, but due to the logistics and for security reasons he had to remain close to his ship. Michael Branham to Frank Norris, March 12, 1992; D. Colt Denfeld, The Defense of Dutch Harbor, Alaska From Military Construction to Base Cleanup (Defense Environmental Restoration Program, Alaska District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, December 1987), 160.

²¹ Raymond I. Petersen to Dave Morris, Supt. KATM, October 27, 1982, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" folder, ARO-OC.

²² Supt. MOMC to ARD, Region 4, June 5, 1941; ARD, Region 4 to Supt. MOMC, August 5, 1942; Supt. MOMC to RD, Region 4, May 20, 1948; all at KATM.

²³ E.A. Davidson [NPS Chief of Planning, Region 4] to RD, Region 4, April 29, 1942, at KATM.

²⁴ Frank T. Been, "Proposal Form, Project Construction Program," January 14, 1942; and Herbert Maier to Supt. MOMC, April 30, 1942, at KATM.

²⁵ Charles L. Peterson [Acting Supt. MOMC] to Alfred Andree [Koggiung, Alaska], February 26, 1946; Secretary of the Interior to E.L. Bartlett, undated (February? 1950); both at KATM.

²⁶ Petersen, Raymond I., Affidavit, September 20, 1982, in Palakia Melgenak Transcripts, II/109, in ARO-OL; Raymond I. Petersen to Sen. Ernest Gruening, August 8, 1962, in Gruening Collection, Box 4, Folder 48 (National Parks/Alaska), UAF; Raymond I. Petersen, interview by Frank Norris, August 9, 1990.

²⁷ Petersen, Raymond I., Affidavit, September 20, 1982, in Palakia Melgenak Transcripts, II/110-111, in ARO-OL; Raymond I. Petersen, interview by Frank Norris, August 9, 1990; Judith Fuerst, "Alaska Business Hall of Fame: Ray I. Petersen," Alaska Business Monthly 4 (January 1988), 32; Anchorage Centennial Commission, Aviation Committee, 100 Alaska Bush Pilots (Anchorage, the author, 1967), 17; Anchorage Daily News, October 3, 1970, 1.

²⁸ Petersen, Melgenak Transcript, II/111; Petersen interview, August 9, 1990; Fuerst, "Alaska Business Hall of Fame," 32.

²⁹ W.E. Dunkle, A Birds Eye View (Camarillo, Calif., J. Sellers Press, 1988), 5; U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board, "Docket No. 2209/ Northern Consolidated Airlines, Inc., et. al., Consolidation," Economic Decisions of the Civil Aeronautics Board 8/April to December 1947 (Washington, D.C., GPO, 1949), 111; Petersen to Gruening, August 8, 1962, Gruening Collection, UAF. Petersen's only regular, certificated route connected Anchorage and Platinum.

³⁰ Petersen interview, August 9, 1990; Petersen, Raymond I., Affidavit of May 31, 1983, in Palakia Melgenak Case Files.

³¹ Fuerst, "Alaska Business Hall of Fame," 33; US CAB, "Docket 2209," 110-112; Mary J. Barry, "Wings Over the North: Jim Dodson," Alaska Sportsman 31 (April 1965), 19-21. In a letter to Katmai Superintendent Dave Morris (October 27, 1982, in ARO-OC files), Ray I. Petersen noted that he purchased Bristol Bay Air Service in 1942, not 1943. Although he purchased the two companies in one of those two years, he did not formally apply to the Civil Aeronautics Board to certify the purchase until July and December 1945.

³² US CAB, "Docket 2209," 112; NCA, "Articles of Incorporation," October 12, 1960, in Case File A-030370, FRC/Washington, DC.

³³ US CAB, "Docket No. 2209," 110-112; Raymond F. Petersen to John Cook, RD-ARO, September 28, 1982, in "Katmai Concession Contract History," ARO-OC files.

³⁴ Petersen to Gruening, August 8, 1962, in Gruening Collection, UAF; US CAB, "Docket No. 2209," 112; Anchorage Daily Times, March 15, 1967, 1.

³⁵ US Civil Aeronautics Board, "Docket No. 350/Bethel and Nome Additional Service," Economic Decisions of the Civil Aeronautics Board 12 (1950), 364.

³⁶ R.E.G. Davies, Airlines of the United States Since 1914 (Washington, Smithsonian Institution, 1972), 298, 306, 311.

³⁷ Frank T. Been, Supt. MOMC to RD, Region 4, May 19, 1948, at KATM; US Civil Aeronautics Board, "Docket No. 4805 et. al./Alaska Route Modification Case," Economic and Safety Enforcement Cases of the Civil Aeronautics Board 17/March 1953-September 1953 (Washington, GPO, 1958), 943-944; Davies, Airlines of the United States, 308-309. Naknek Air Base, known simply as Naknek to the commercial airlines, was renamed King Salmon in the mid-1950s. US CAB, "Docket 350" (1950), 364; US CAB, "Intra-Alaska Case," Civil Aeronautics Board Reports 28 (1957), 177.