Katmai Tourism in Katmai Country

¹Davies, Airlines of the United States Since 1914, 298, 313; Wien Consolidated Airlines, Inc., "Prospectus," December 16, 1970, 42, in "C-2621, Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1951 to 1977" file, ARO-OC; John Walatka [NCA Director and Camp Manager] to George Hall [Supt. Alaska Field Office, Anchorage], May 8, 1968, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts and Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC; Anchorage Daily News, September 28, 1976, 2.

²Wien Airlines, "Celebrating 60 Years of Flight, 1924-1984" [pamphlet], July 1, 1984, 3; Judith Fuerst, "Ray I. Petersen; Alaska Business Hall of Fame," Alaska Business Monthly 4 (January 1988), 17; Anchorage Daily News, October 3, 1970, 1; Raymond F. Petersen to Ray Bane [Supt. KATM], "Recommendations for Development Concept Plan for Brooks River Area, KATM by Katmailand, Inc.," June 7, 1988, in ARO-OC.

³Anchorage Daily Times, March 15, 1967, 1; U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board, "Docket No. 57/Intra-Alaska Case," Economic and Safety Enforcement Cases of the Civil Aeronautics Board 28 (Washington, D.C., GPO, 1959) 176-177; "Alaska's Land of Steaming Volcanoes," Sunset 118 (April 1957), 28, 30.

⁴Raymond I. Petersen to E.L. Bartlett [U.S. Senate], February 17, 1959; Raymond I. Petersen to Fred Seaton [Secretary of the Interior], February 20, 1959; both in E.L. "Bob" Bartlett Collection (Federal Departments and Agencies, Interior, NPS, Box 2).

⁵Supt. MOMC to Director, NPS, August 2, 1960, "Monthly Narrative Report," 2M1, in "MOMC Monthly Superintendent's Reports, 1947-48 to 1965" file (microfilm), at DENA.

⁶Davies, Airlines of the United States Since 1914, 310, 312.

⁷Wien Consolidated Airlines, Inc., "Prospectus," December 16, 1970, 17-19, in "C-2621, Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1951 to 1977" file, ARO-OC.

⁸Ernest Borgman [General Supt. Alaska Office] to RD, PNRO, July 7, 1970, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits" file, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC. Also see obituaries in the following newspapers: Anchorage Daily Times, June 27, 1970, 2; June 30, 1970, 2; and July 1, 1970, 4; Anchorage Daily News, June 30, 1970, 13.

⁹Petersen interview, April 17, 1991. Petersen's last regular correspondence was his letter to Ernest J. Borgman [General Supt. Alaska Office] on June 16, 1971 (in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC); on December 17, however, he wrote an extended letter to John Rutter [RD, PNRO] regarding wilderness proposals at the monument (in "C2823, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969 to 1978" file, ARO-OC). Charles E. (Chuck) Petersen began contacting Park Service officials shortly after the 1971 season; see Charles Petersen to Ernest Borgman, September 24, 1971, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁰George Corning [Chief Accountant, NCA to Grant Pearson [Supt. MOMC], May 18, 1951; Wien Consolidated Airlines, Inc., "Prospectus," December 16, 1970, 17, 19; both in "C-2621, Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1951 to 1977" file, ARO-OC. Wien Consolidated Airlines, 1970 Annual Report, 12 (also in above file) notes that operating revenues for the Katmai camps were included in the "miscellaneous" category.

¹¹Gil Blinn, interview by Bill Hanable, August 26, 1988, 1-2.

¹²George A. Hall [Supt. MOMC] to John Walatka, December 3, 1968; John Walatka to George Hall, December 26, 1968; John Walatka to George Hall, March 29, 1969; all in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

¹³William L. Bowen [RD, WRO] to Supt. MOMC, February 6, 1969, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁴John A. Rutter [District Director, Northwest District Office] to John Walatka, November 3, 1969; John Walatka to John Rutter, January 13, 1970; both in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁵Bennett T. Gale [Acting RD, PNRO] to Director NPS, February 3, 1970; Bennett Gale to General Supt. Alaska Office, July 13, 1970; both in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁶Ernest J. Borgman to RD, PNRO, July 17, 1970; Raymond I. Petersen to Ernest Borgman, July 16, 1970; John A. Rutter [RD, PNRO] to Raymond I. Petersen, June 10, 1971; all in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁷Bennett T. Gale [Acting RD, PNRO] to General Supt., Alaska Office, July 30, 1970, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC; "Amendment No. 4, Concession Contract No. 14-10-0434-498, Wien Consolidated Airlines, Inc., Katmai National Monument," August 26, 1970, in "Alaska Concessions Contracts" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁸Joe Holt [Acting Deputy Director, NPS] to RD, PNRO, October 8, 1970, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁹Ernest J. Borgman [General Supt. Alaska Office] to RD, PNRO, October 28, 1970; John A. Rutter [RD, PNRO] to Director NPS, November 2, 1970; Thomas F. Flynn, Jr. [Deputy Director, NPS] to RD, PNRO, January 7, 1971; all in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

²⁰"Amendment No. 4, Concession Contract No. 14-10-0434-498, Northern Consolidated Airlines, Inc., Katmai National Monument," August 20, 1971, in "Alaska Concessions Contracts" file, ARO-OC.

²¹Raymond O. Mulvany [Acting RD, WRO] to Director, NPS, January 10, 1968, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

²²NPS, "A Master Plan, Katmai National Monument, Alaska" (Preliminary Working Draft), August 1971; Alaska Planning Group [NPS], "Katmai National Park, Alaska, Master Plan", December 1973, ii; both in "Planning Documents" file, KATM AH Collection, ARO-RCR; Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to State Director, Alaska, May 29, 1974, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

²³NPS, "A Master Plan, Katmai National Monument, Alaska" (Preliminary Working Draft), August 1971, 8, 11, 15, 17.

²⁴Christian Science Monitor, August 2, 1969, 3.

²⁵NPS, "Summary-Development Concepts, Katmai National Monument, Alaska," 1969, in "Katmai Master Planning 1968-70" file, KATM.

²⁶NPS, "Katmai National Monument, a Master Plan" (Preliminary Working Draft), August 1971, 14-17, in "Planning Documents" file, KATM AH Collection, ARO-RCR.

²⁷Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to State Director, Alaska, n.d. [mid-August 1972], "Concessions Operations Questionnaire," Item 2/3, in "C-3823 Concessions Contracts & Permits - General Correspondence, 1968-1977" file, ARO-OC; Petersen interview, April 17, 1991.

²⁸Alaska Planning Group [NPS], "Katmai National Park, Alaska, Master Plan," December 1973, 28-30, 32, 34, in "Planning Documents" file, KATM AH Collection, ARO-RCR.

²⁹Alaska Planning Group [NPS], "Katmai National Park, Alaska, Master Plan," December 1973, 44, in "Planning Documents" file, KATM AH Collection, ARO-RCR.

³⁰John Walatka to George Hall, December 26, 1968, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

³¹George A. Hall [Supt. MOMC] to RD, WRO, November 16, 1967, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC; George Hall to ARD, Operations, WRO, January 30, 1969; George Hall to RD, WRO, March 25, 1969; both in "C58 - Buildings & Other Facilities, KATM, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1967-1976" file, ARO-OC.

³²John Walatka to George Hall, December 26, 1968; Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to State Director, Alaska Group, June 15, 1972; both in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

³³NPS, Drawing No. NM-KAT 3028, October 1967, ARO-ODM; Stanley T. Albright [Acting RD, PNRO] to General Supt. Alaska Group, October 15, 1970, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-1972" file, ARO-OC.

³⁴Commerce Business Daily (Chicago, U.S. Dept. of Commerce), January 15, 1973; NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1974, 8, in File A2621, KATM; NPS Drawing 127-41,001A, sheet 1, ARO-ODM.

³⁵NPS Drawing No. 127-41,001A, sheet 2, in ARO-ODM.

³⁶Chuck Petersen [Assistant VP, Interline and Tour Sales, WAA] to Gil Blinn, January 14, 1977, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC; NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1977," 5, in File A2621.

³⁷NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1974," 1, in File A2621, KATM; NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, 1973," 3.

³⁸NPS, "Katmai National Monument," September 11, 1967; NPS, "Summary-Development Concepts, Katmai National Monument, Alaska," 1969; both in "Katmai Master Planning 1968-70" file, KATM; NPS Drawing NM-KAT 3028, October 1967, in ARO-ODM.

³⁹Glenn O. Hendrix [Chief, Office of Environmental Planning and Design, WSC] to General Supt. Alaska Office, November 10, 1970, 2, 13-14; Office of Environmental Planning and Design, WSC, "Design Directive, Brooks Camp, Katmai," February 18, 1971, 2, 11; both in "File D18 Design Directives KATM 1970," ARO.

⁴⁰NPS, Drawing No. NM-KAT 3028, October 1967; NPS Drawing 127-41, 001A, sheet 26; both in ARO-ODM files.

⁴¹John Walatka, who had flown in and out of the camps since they opened in 1950, was the first to fly the new plane. WCA, "Rate Schedule," 1970 Season, in "C2823 - Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969 to 1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁴²Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to Chuck Petersen, September 27, 1974, in "C-58, Buildings & Other Facilities, KATM" file, ARO-OC; Carl C. Lamb [Concessions Manager, PNRO] to Russell E. Dickenson [RD, PNRO], September 8, 1976, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁴³Wien Consolidated Airlines, "Prospectus," December 16, 1970, 12, in "C2621, Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1951-1977" file, ARO-OC; Chuck Petersen [Assistant VP, Agency, Interline and Tour Sales, WAA] to Stanley T. Albright [State Director, NPS], May 13, 1974, in "C-2823, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969-1978" file, in ARO-OC.

⁴⁴Stanley T. Albright [State Director, Alaska] to RD, PNRO, May 14, 1974; Edward J. Kurtz [Acting RD, PNRO] to State Director, Alaska, July 15, 1974; both in "C-2823, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969-1978" file, in ARO-OC; Raymond F. Petersen to John E. Cook [RD, ARO], September 28, 1982, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

⁴⁵Raymond F. Petersen to Dave Morris [Supt. KATM], October 27, 1982, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Chuck Petersen to Stanley T. Albright, May 13, 1974, in "C-2823, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969-1978" file, in ARO-OC.

⁴⁶Alaska Travel Publications, Exploring Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, 27; Raymond F. Petersen to John Cook, September 28, 1982, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

⁴⁷Petersen interview, August 9, 1990; Alaska Travel Publications, Exploring Katmai National Monument and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, 37.

⁴⁸J.A. Hagans to Wien Consolidated Airlines, 10/17/73, in Kulik Airport Lease File (A-056478), ARO-OL.

⁴⁹Public Airport Lease A-056478, February 5, 1974, in Kulik Airport Lease File (A-056478), ARO Lands Office; Assignment of Lease, 12/31/81, in "Katmai Concession Contract History" binder, ARO-OC.

⁵⁰Raymond I. Petersen to Eugene R. Lux, September 18, 1974, in Kulik Airport Lease File, ARO-OL.

⁵¹WCA, "Rate Schedule," 1970 Season; NPS, "Evaluation of Concessioner's Performance," 1977, 24; both in "C2823 - Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969 to 1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁵²NPS, [Evaluation of Concessioner's Performance], 1973, [5-6], in "C-2823, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC; Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to Chuck Petersen, September 27, 1974, in "C-58, Buildings & Other Facilities, KATM" file, ARO-OC.

⁵³Raymond F. Petersen to David Morris, April 11, 1985, in "Katmailand" file, KATM; NPS, "Evaluation of Concessioner's Performance," 1977, 4, in "C2823 - Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969 to 1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁵⁴John E. Cook [Associate Director, NPS to RD, PNRO, April 17, 1974, in "C2823 - Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969 to 1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁵⁵Chuck Petersen to Stan Albright, May 1, 1974, in "C2823 - Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969 to 1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁵⁶[NPS], "Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Proposed Concession Contract, Katmai National Monument," October 1974; Richard Marks [Acting Associate Director, Park System Management, NPS] to RD, PNRO, December 17, 1974; both in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁵⁷Stanley T. Albright [State Director, Alaska] to RD, PNRO, January 22, 1975; Wayne R. Howe [ARD, Park System Management, PNRO] to State Director, Alaska, November 14, 1975; both in "C2823 - Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969 to 1978" file, ARO-OC; "Amendment No. 5, Concession Contract No. 14-10-0434-498, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., Katmai National Monument," November 6, 1975, in "Alaska Concessions Contracts" file, ARO-OC.

⁵⁸Richard Marks [Acting Associate Director, Park System Management, NPS] to RD, PNRO, December 17, 1974, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁵⁹"Amendment No. 6, Concession Contract No. 14-10-0434-498, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., Katmai National Monument," April 22, 1976, in "Alaska Concessions Contracts" file, ARO-OC.

⁶⁰See, for examples, quotes from the following letters: Ernest J. Borgman to Raymond I. Petersen, July 23, 1970, in "C38 - Concessions Contracts & Permits, KATM, 1967-72" file, ARO-OC; Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to State Director, Alaska, n.d. (mid-August 1972), in "C-2823, Concessions Contracts and Permits, General Correspondence, 1968-1977," Item 1; NPS, [Evaluation of Concessioner's Performance], 1973, [6], in "C2823 - Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969 to 1978" file, ARO-OC; Gilbert E. Blinn to ARD, Management and Operations, PNRO, November 19, 1976, in "C-2621, Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1951-1977."

⁶¹Alaska Planning Group [NPS], "Katmai National Park, A Master Plan," 32-33, in "Planning Documents" file, KATM AH Collection, ARO-RCR.

⁶²Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to State Director, Alaska, n.d. (mid-August 1972), in "C-2823, Concessions Contracts and Permits, General Correspondence, 1968-1977," Item 5/1.

⁶³Edward Stondall, interview by William Hanable, September 15, 1989, 4.

⁶⁴Carl C. Lamb [Concessions Manager, PNRO] to Russell E. Dickenson [RD-PNRO], September 8, 1976, in "Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁶⁵Carl C. Lamb [Concessions Manager, PNRO] to Russell E. Dickenson [RD-PNRO], September 8, 1976, in "Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC; NPS, "Evaluation of Concessioner's Performance, Wien Air Alaska," 1976, Schedule 9.

⁶⁶In the summer of 1983, a company called Frontier Hovercraft briefly revived the concept, when it instituted hovercraft operations between the western boundary of Katmai and Brooks Camp. The company's boat, however, was ill-suited for the run. It was able to complete just six of the eleven runs it attempted; even the successful runs were marred by equipment breakdowns. The company pulled out of the market after its first season, and by 1984 regulations had been instituted prohibiting further hovercraft operations in the park. Petersen interview, April 17, 1991; "Frontier Hovercraft" Commercial Use License file, ARO-OC.

⁶⁷Anchorage Daily News, September 28, 1976, 2. He retired from the chairman and CEO positions in 1978, but continued to be a member of the Board of Directors of Wien (later Household) for the next several years. Raymond I. Petersen to Dave Morris, October 27, 1982, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Petersen interview, April 17, 1991.

⁶⁸Archie Satterfield, The Alaska Airlines Story (Anchorage, Alaska Northwest, 1981), 175, 197; Anchorage Daily News, September 28, 1976, 2.

⁶⁹Anchorage Daily News, September 28, 1976, 2; Petersen interview, August 9, 1990.

⁷⁰NPS, Historical Listing of National Park Service Officials (Washington, the author, May 1, 1986).

⁷¹NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1977, 1; Russell E. Dickenson [RD, PNRO] to ARD, Management and Operations, NPS, April 18, 1977, in "C-2621, Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1951-1977" file, ARO-OC.

⁷²John E. Cook [Associate Director, Park System Management, NPS] to RD, PNRO, July 2, 1976; Edward J. Kurtz [Acting RD, PNRO] to Chuck Petersen [VP, WAA], August 20, 1976; both in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁷³Dave Bohn to Gil Blinn, August 23, 1976, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁷⁴Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to Area Director, Alaska, August 31, 1976, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁷⁵Ray I. Petersen [President, WCA] to John Rutter [RD, PNRO], December 17, 1971, on "National Park Service Proposals for the Future of Katmai," in "Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC; NPS, Final Environmental Statement, Proposed Katmai Wilderness, Katmai National Monument, Alaska (FES 74-35), June 13, 1974, 76.

⁷⁶Gil Blinn [Supt. KATM] to Area Director, Alaska, August 31, 1976, 1-2; Chuck Petersen to Gary Everhardt [Director, NPS], December 9, 1976, 2 in "Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC; NPS (PNRO), Final Environmental Statement, Proposed Katmai Wilderness, Katmai National Monument, Alaska (FES 74-35), June 13, 1974, 76.

⁷⁷Chuck Petersen to Gary Everhardt [Director, NPS], December 9, 1976, 2 in "Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁷⁸Russell Dickenson to Chuck Petersen, December 1, 1976, in "Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁷⁹Russell Dickenson to Chuck Petersen, December 1, 1976; Chuck Petersen to Gary Everhardt [Director, NPS], December 9, 1976, 2; both in "Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC. Also Gunnar Naslund to Gary Everhardt, December 14, 1976; Donald T. Nuttall to Gary Everhardt, December 28, 1976; Sen. Ted Stevens to Gary Everhardt, December 15, 1976; all in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁸⁰Gary Everhardt [Director NPS] to Chuck Petersen, January 7, 1977, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁸¹Russell Dickenson to Chuck Petersen, December 1, 1976; Chuck Petersen to Gary Everhardt [Director, NPS], December 9, 1976, 2; both in "Wien Air Alaska, KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁸²James B. Thompson [ARD, Management and Operations, PNRO] to Associate Director, Management and Operations, NPS], February 24, 1977, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁸³Federal Register, Document 77-10536, filed April 8, 1977.

⁸⁴"Amendment No. 7, Concession Contract No. 14-10-0434-498, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., Katmai National Monument," September 21, 1977, in "Alaska Concessions Contracts" file, ARO-OC.

⁸⁵Frank Singer [Wildlife Biologist, ARO] to Supt. KATM, March 19, 1982, "Review of Case Incident Reports—Bear Incidents," File N1615, KATM.

⁸⁶Singer to Supt. KATM, March 19, 1982; NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM, 1978," 3.

⁸⁷NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1979, 6.

⁸⁸NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1977, 3, 5; Ibid., 1978, 6, 9; Ibid., 1980, 6, 9.

⁸⁹NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1978, 6, 8.

⁹⁰Rebecca M. Anderson to PNRO, September 25, 1978; Temple A. Reynolds [ARD, Management and Operations, PNRO] to Rebecca M. Anderson, October 5, 1978; Ed Stondall, interview by William Hanable, September 15, 1989, 17-18.

¹⁹Stondall interview, 18; NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1978, 6.

⁹²"Brooks River Floating Bridge, Brooks Camp, Katmai National Monument" [map], January 24, 1980, in ARO-ODM; David Morris, interview by William Hanable, November 2, 1989, 22.

⁹³NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1980, 8; Management Assistant KATM to Supt. MOMC, Monthly Narrative Report, July 4, 1967, in File A2615, "Chief Ranger's Monthly Report, 1957-1968", DENA.

⁹⁴NPS [AAO], "Combined Environmental Assessment and Development Concept Plans for Concession Facilities, Operations and Services Within the Brooks Camp and Grosvenor Camp Areas, KATM, Alaska," October 1980, [9]; NPS, "Environmental Assessment, Draft Development Concept Plan, KATM," January 1982, 4.

⁹⁵Peninsula Airways was owned by Orin Seybert. Petersen interview, April 17, 1991 and December 19, 1991; Alaska Travel Publications, Exploring Katmai National Monument and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, 27.

⁹⁶NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1979, 5; David Morris interview, 22; Petersen interview, April 17, 1991 and December 19, 1991.

⁹⁷R. Phillip Parker [Concessions Manager, PNRO] to RD, PNRO, March 15, 1978, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁹⁸R. Phillip Parker [Acting ARD, Management and Operations, PNRO] to Associate Director, Management and Operations, NPS], May 10, 1978, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

⁹⁹"Amendment No. 8, Concession Contract No. 14-10-0434-498, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., Katmai National Monument," March 20, 1979, in "Alaska Concessions Contracts" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁰⁰[NPS], "Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Proposed Concession Contract, Katmai National Monument," October 1974, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁰¹R. Phillip Parker [Acting ARD, Management and Operations, PNRO] to Associate Director, Management and Operations, NPS], May 10, 1978, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁰²Temple A. Reynolds [ARD, Management and Operations, PNRO] to Supt. KATM, October 3, 1978, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

¹⁰³Temple A. Reynolds [ARD, Management and Operations, PNRO] to Area Director, Alaska, December 28, 1979; John E. Cook [Director, Alaska Area Office] to Morgan Richardson, [VP, Tours and Conventions, Wien Air Alaska], February 29, 1980; F. Morgan Richardson to John E. Cook, March 12, 1980; all in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹⁰⁴NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1980, 2.

¹⁰⁵New York Times, July 24, 1979, IV/6; New York Times, August 29, 1979, IV/2; New York Times, September 19, 1979, 5. Wien was not the only firm that HFC acquired during this period; others included National Car Rental and the Coleman outdoor products company. Ray Petersen and his son have noted that one reason Household purchased Wien was because Gil Ellis loved to fish. Ellis may have purchased Wien in order to obtain the fish camps. Petersen interview, April 17, 1991.

¹⁰⁶Wien management appointed Morgan Richardson as the 1980 manager of the Katmai camps. Richardson appears to have had little interest in upgrading the camp's services or facilities. David K. Morris [Supt. KATM] to Bob Carroll [Director, Recreational Sales, Wien Air Alaska], March 20, 1980, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹⁰⁷Morgan Richardson to John E. Cook, March 12, 1980, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC. The instigator of the flight plan was Bob Carroll, Wien's camp manager, who approached the head of Katmai Air with the idea in early 1980. Raymond F. Petersen, interview by Frank Norris, December 19, 1991.

¹⁰⁸David Morris [Supt. KATM] to Joe Alston [Concessions Management Officer, AAO], n.d. [c. November 1980]; John E. Cook to F. Morgan Richardson, Wien Air Alaska, March 21, 1980; both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹⁰⁹NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1980, 1; Raymond F. Petersen, interview by Frank Norris, December 19, 1991; Raymond F. Petersen to John E. Cook, September 28 1982, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹¹⁰NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1980, 2, 8.

¹¹¹The escalation of bus fares does not appear to have lessened the number of patrons. In 1974, when adult fares cost $12, Wien received 847 passengers; in 1982, when fares had risen to $45, it received 1322 passengers. Wien Air Alaska, "1975 Approved Rate Schedule, Katmai National Monument," in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC; Wien Air Alaska, "1982 Lodge Prices," in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹¹²David Mobratten to "AM-P", September 29, 1978, in Kulik Lake Airstrip file, ARO-OL.

¹¹³Neil Bassett, Chief of Lands and Minerals Management, to Chief, Branch of Lands and Minerals Operations, December 18, 1978, in Kulik Airport Lease File.

¹¹⁴Historical Index for T14S, R35W, SM, BLM State Office, Anchorage; FAA, "Airport Master Record, Kulik Lake Airport," April 9, 1981; Douglas G. Warnock [Acting RD, ARO] to "To Whom It May Concern," November 3, 1982, in Kulik Airport Lease File, ARO-OL.

¹¹⁵James J. Flood to John E. Cook, April 27, 1982, in Kulik Airport Lease File, ARO-OL.

¹¹⁶Ray Sanborn (Acting Chief of Operational Services) to Superintendent, KATM, November 7, 1979; John E. Cook (Director, AAO) to Morgan Richardson, WAA, February 28, 1980, both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹¹⁷John E. Cook (Director, AAO) to Morgan Richardson, WAA, June 11, 1980; Richardson to Cook, June 18, 1980; Richardson to Cook, October 24, 1980; all in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Joe Alston [Assistant Superintendent, YELL], interview by Rebecca Kaiser, ARO-OC, June 14, 1991; Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹¹⁸Douglas G. Warnock [Acting Director, Alaska Area Office] to [prospective bidders], August 21, 1980; Joe Alston to files, August 22, 1980; both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹¹⁹Edward J. Kurtz [Acting RD, PNRO] to State Director, Alaska, May 17, 1974, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC; [NPS], "Proposed Fact Sheet Under Which a Concession Contract Will Be Negotiated for the Transportation, Lodging and Related Facilities Concession at Katmai National Monument, King Salmon, Alaska," n.d. [c. July 1976], 5, in "C-2823, Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, 1969-1978" file, ARO-OC.

¹²⁰Richard J. Stenmark [Chairman, Evaluation Panel for Katmai Concession Operation] to Director, Alaska Area, November 14, 1980, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.; NPS, Contract No. 14-10-0434-498, section 9, in Alaska Concessions Contracts" file, ARO-OC; NPS, "Concessioner Annual Financial Report," Wien Air Alaska, 1980, Schedule B, in "C30, Concession Annual Financial Report (Wien Air Alaska, Inc.), 1976, 1978-82" file, ARO-OC.

¹²¹Gilbert E. Blinn [Supt. KATM] to State Director, Alaska, May 29, 1974, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973 thru 1978" file, ARO-OC.

¹²²[NPS], "Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Proposed Concession Contract, Katmai National Monument," October 1974, in "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., 1973-1978" file, ARO-OC.

¹²³NPS [AAO], "Combined Environmental Assessment and Development Concept Plans for Concession Facilities, Operations and Services Within the Brooks Camp and Grosvenor Camp Areas, KATM, Alaska," October 1980, p. [1]; Richard J. Stenmark to Director, Alaska Area, November 14, 1980; Petersen interview, April 17, 1991.

¹²⁴NPS, "Concessioner Annual Financial Report" for 1977 through 1980, in File C30, ARO-OC; Dennis Maloney, interview by Frank Norris, January 3, 1992. A comparison of the 1979-1980 reports with the reports for 1977-1978 suggest that high advertising and salary costs contributed to the loss in profits. An additional reason for the reduction of profits was that Wien, beginning in 1979, charged the camps a fee of approximately nine percent of its gross revenues for the indirect costs of operating the corporation: accounting, data processing, sales administration, and similar expenses.

The Alaska Area Office (which had been an operating unit within the Pacific Northwest Regional Office) became the Alaska Regional Office on December 2, 1980, when President Carter signed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act.

¹²⁵Joe Alston [ARO Concessions Management Office, ARO] to Files, n.d. [early December 1980]; John E. Cook [RD, ARO] to Ray Haley [Marketing and Sales Department, WAA], December 11, 1980; Douglas G. Warnock [Acting RD, ARO] to Ray Haley, February 3, 1981; both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹²⁶Joe Alston to Files, January 13, 1981; Douglas G. Warnock to Ray Haley, February 3, 1981, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹²⁷Douglas G. Warnock to Ray Haley, February 3, 1981; Joe Alston? to Ray Haley [draft letter], n.d. [c. February 10, 1981]; both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹²⁸Joe Alston [former Concessions Management Officer, ARO], interview by Frank Norris, February 6, 1991; Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹²⁹Robert Peterson [Associate Director, Management and Operations, ARO] to Ralph Stemp [Vice President, Industrial Marketing, WAA], May 8, 1981; John E. Cook to Ralph Stemp, May 29, 1981; NPS, "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, Contract No. CC-9100-1-0001," September 25, 1981; all in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹³⁰NPS, "Wien Air Alaska, Inc., KATM, Contract No. CC-9100-1-0001," September 25, 1981, 2, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹³¹Warren Smith to "Friends of the Lodges," September 1, 1982; David K. Morris [Supt. KATM] to Raymond F. Petersen, April 3, 1985; both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Petersen interview, April 17, 1991.

¹³²Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹³³Household International was the new name of Household Finance Corporation; the name change had taken place in late June. New York Times, June 27, 1981, 30; New York Times, November 24, 1981, D4; Joe Alston [Concessions Management Officer, ARO] to RD, ARO, December 2, 1981, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; New York Times, December 10, 1981, D:2.

¹³⁴New York Times, January 1, 1982, 37; May 26, 1982, D:4; November 1, 1982, D:5.

¹³⁵Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹³⁶Why the camps were separated from Wien is unclear. The camps' lack of profitability would have encouraged Household to rid itself of these liabilities along with the rest of Wien. Ray Petersen (Jr. and Sr.), interview by Frank Norris, April 17, 1991; Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹³⁷Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹³⁸P. Dennis Maloney [Senior Vice President, WAA], "Assignment of Contract and Bill of Sale," December 31, 1981; John E. Cook to L.S. Kurtz, Jr. [Attorney at Law], March 29, 1982, both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Ralph Stemp, interview with the author, February 4, 1992.

¹³⁹Douglas G. Warnock [Acting RD, ARO] to Joseph James [Executive VP, Household International], June 6, 1982; all in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Office of the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations 36 §51.7(b).

¹⁴⁰Joe Alston to files, December 7, 1981; Joe Alston to files, December 22, 1981; both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹⁴¹Stemp and Day were avid proponents of creating an "adventure program" at Katmai. The two felt that Katmai should be opened to more visitors, and that Kulik and Battle camps should be used as base camps for backpacking, rafting, hiking and similar trips. Joe Alston to files, March 31, 1982; Joe Alston to files, April 13, 1982; both in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC; Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹⁴²Joe Alston to files, April 30, 1982, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹⁴³Joseph F. Alston, interview by Frank Norris, February 6, 1991.

¹⁴⁴In the spring of 1983, the corporation changed its name from KatmaiLand to Katmailand. It has retained the latter name ever since.

¹⁴⁵Although the NPS first heard about the proposed Petersen purchase in August 1982, Household had apparently been willing to consider a sale for many months beforehand. Ray I. Petersen noted that Household had approached him on the matter, perhaps because Petersen had earlier voiced a desire to get involved in camp operations again. Ralph Stemp, who helped run the camps in 1981, also hoped to take over the concession, but his ambitions were thwarted. Early in 1982, Flood told him that the Petersens had not expressed an interest in the camps, and that Stemp would be given the right of first refusal if the camps were offered for sale. Given that promise, Stemp operated the camps for Wien in 1982. Unbeknownst to Stemp, however, Household and the Petersens were negotiating before the summer season began. Ray Petersen (Sr. and Jr.), interview by Frank Norris, April 17, 1992; Ralph Stemp, interview by Frank Norris, February 4, 1992.

¹⁴⁶NPS, "Superintendent's Annual Report, KATM," 1982, 2; Petersen interview, April 17, 1991; Raymond I. Petersen to Dave Morris, October 27, 1982, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹⁴⁷Joseph W. James [Household Alaska Properties, Inc.] to Raymond I. Petersen, October 28, 1982; "Collateral Assignment for Security Purposes of Contract Pertaining to Katmai National Park and Preserve," December 7, 1982, in Kvichak Recording District records, Book 13, pp. 687-688; both in "Kulik Airport Lease" file, ARO-OL; Raymond I. Petersen, Testimony in Palakia Melgenak Transcript, II/128; Raymond I. Petersen to Dave Morris, 10/27/82, in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.

¹⁴⁸Raymond I. Petersen to Dave Morris, October 27, 1982.

¹⁴⁹Raymond I. Petersen to Dave Morris, October 27, 1982; Raymond I. Petersen, Testimony in Palakia Melgenak Transcript, II/114.

¹⁵⁰Raymond I. Petersen to Dave Morris, October 27, 1982; Joseph W. James [President, Household-Alaska Properties, Inc.] to John E. Cook, November 1, 1982; John E. Cook to Raymond F. Petersen, November 19, 1982; Dave Morris to Michael McKinnon [Executive VP, WAA], November 24, 1982; all in "Katmai Concessions Contract History" binders, ARO-OC.