YUKON-CHARLEY RIVERS Yukon Frontiers Historic Resource Study of the Proposed Yukon-Charley National River

¹Oscar Osburn Winter, The Transportation Frontier: Trans-Mississippi West, 1865-1890 (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1964), pp. 1074.

²McQuesten, Recollections, p. 9.

³Walter R. Curtin, Yukon Voyage: Unofficial Log of the Steamer Yukoner (Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, 1938), p. 278; Brooks, Blazing Alaska's Trails, p. 419; Ogilvie, Early Days, p. 67; William D. MacBride, "Saga of Famed Packets and Other Steamboats of the Mighty Yukon River", The Alaska Weekly, 21 July 1944, p. 7; and William D. Moore, "From Peru to Alaska".

⁴Johns, "The Early Yukon", p. 152.

⁵Ibid.

⁶Ibid., p. 153; and Ray and Richardson, "Suffering and Destitute Miners", p. 539.

⁷Cantwell, Report of the Nunivak, pp. 127-29; Alaska Mining Record, 15 June 1898, p. 8; and "Short Story of Alaska and the Yukon", by the Mount Wrangell Company, 1897-98.

⁸Curtin, Yukon Voyage, p. 7.

⁹Ibid., p. 38.

¹⁰Ibid., p. 58.

¹¹Ibid., pp. 264-72.

¹²Pamphlet in Fred J. Wood Collection, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.

¹³Wood to Mrs. Wood, 16 September 1900, Wood Collection.

¹⁴Wood to Mrs. Wood, 11 November 1900, Wood Collection.

¹⁵Wood to Mrs. Wood, 30 April 1901, Wood Collection; Cantwell, Report of the Nunivak, p. 129; "To the Alaska Gold Fields" pamphlet by Northern Navigation Company, San Francisco, 1907; William R. Siddall "The Yukon Waterway in the Development of Interior Alaska", Pacific Historical Review 28 (1959): 367; and George Leonard Anderson, "The Koyukuk of the Northern Navigation Company: A Study in Yukon River Transportation" (M.A. thesis, University of Oregon, 1972), p. 7.

¹⁶MacBride, "Saga of Famed Packets", July 21-September 15, 1944.

¹⁷Northern Navigation Company, "To the Alaska Gold Fields", p. 5; Osgood, The Han Indians, p. 12; Ogilvie, Early Days, p. 69; Mitchell, "The Opening of Alaska", pp. 44-6; Wickersham, Old Yukon, p. 47; and Alaska Mining Record, 2 November 1898, p. 4.

¹⁸Mitchell, "The Opening of Alaska", pp. 45-6.

¹⁹Wood to Mrs. Wood, 12 July 1900, Wood Collection.

²⁰Pilcher to University of Alaska, 2 May 1935, Pilcher Collection, University of Alaska Archives.

²¹Cantwell, Report of the Nunivak, p. 131; and Mitchell, "The Opening of Alaska", p. 44.

²²Cantwell, Report of the Nunivak, p. 135; and Dunham, "The Alaskan Goldfields", p. 399.

²³Anderson, "The Koyukuk", p. 14; Norris H. Perkins, "Captain James T. Gray: A Grandfather to Remember", typescript in James T. Gray Collection, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.

²⁴Wood to Mrs. Wood, 20 May 1900, Wood Collection.

²⁵Perkins, "Captain James T. Gray", Gray Collection.

²⁶J.E. Chilberg, "Steamboating on the Yukon River", typescript in Manuscript Collection, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Cantwell, Report of the Nunivak, p. 136; and Wood to Mrs. Wood, 12 June 1900, Wood Collection.

²⁷Gray to Wickersham, 20 February 1911, Gray Collection.

²⁸Curtin, Yukon Voyage, p. 293.

²⁹Cantwell, Report of the Nunivak, p. 132; Journal of George Pilcher 23 August 1898, Pilcher Collection; Wood Contract among Gray Collection; Wood to Mrs. Wood, 2 July, 1900, Wood Collection; and Dunham. "The Yukon and Nome Gold Regions", p. 843.

³⁰Wood Contract, 1902, Gray Collection.

³¹List of wood camps of Northern Navigation Company, 1902, Gray Collection.

³²Cantwell, Report of the Nunivak, p. 133; and Journal of George Pilcher, 8 July 1899, Pilcher Collection.

³³Journal of George Pilcher, 16 November 1898, Pilcher Collection.

³⁴Cost of wood camps, Gray Collection.

³⁵Journal of George Pilcher, July 1898, Pilcher Collection.

³⁶Journal of George Pilcher, December 1898-June 1899, Pilcher Collection; and Curtin, Yukon Voyage, pp. 57-192.

³⁷Journal of George Pilcher, Thanksgiving 1899, Pilcher Collection.

³⁸Roger L. Trimble, "Miller's Camp", Bureau of Land Management Antiquities Site Survey, 5 October 1974.

³⁹The Alaska Weekly, 12 August 1927, p. 1.

⁴⁰Ibid., 1 August 1930, p. 4.

⁴¹Interview with Horace Biederman, Jr., 18 September 1976.

⁴²Arthur James Collier, The Coal Resources of the Yukon, Alaska, U.S.G.S. Bulletin 218 (Washington, 1903), pp. 33-6; Dunham, "The Yukon and Nome Gold Regions", p. 843; and Kitchener, Flag Over the North, p. 201.

⁴³Collier, Coal Resources of the Yukon, p. 36; Cantwell, Report of the Nunivak, p. 134.

⁴⁴Collier, Coal Resources of the Yukon, pp. 30-2.

⁴⁵Interview with George Beck, 19 September 1976.

⁴⁶Northern Navigation Company, "To the Alaskan Gold Fields", p. 6; and Savage, Dogsled Apostle, p. 14.

⁴⁷Anderson, "The Koyukuk," p. 55.

⁴⁸Northern Navigation Company, "To the Alaskan Gold Fields", p. 5; and Savage, Dogsled Apostle, p. 14.

⁴⁹Northern Navigation Company, "To the Alaskan Gold Fields", p. 6; and Anderson, "The Koyukuk", pp. 58-9.

⁵⁰Anderson, "The Koyukuk", pp. 58-9.

⁵¹The Alaska Weekly, 15 October 1926, p. 1; and 29 April 1949, p. 1.

⁵²Ibid., 14 February 1930, p. 1; 30 May 1930, p. 1; and 27 June 1930, p. 1.

⁵³Ibid., 29 April 1949, p. 1.

⁵⁴Ibid., 16 January 1953, p. 1.

⁵⁵Brooks, Blazing Alaska's Trails, pp. 414-15; and T. A. Rickard, Through the Yukon and Alaska (San Francisco: Mining and Scientific Press, 1909), p. 258.