YUKON-CHARLEY RIVERS Yukon Frontiers Historic Resource Study of the Proposed Yukon-Charley National River

Cover

Introduction

List of Illustrations

List of Maps

List of Tables

I. The Setting

II. The Indian Frontier

III. The English and Russian Frontier

IV. The Trading Frontier

V. The Early Mining Frontier: Fortymile and Circle

VI. The Kiondike Gold Rush Frontier

VII. The Military Frontier

VIII. The Missionary and Settlement Frontier

IX. The Transportation Frontier: Water Travel

X. The Transportation Frontier: Land Travel

XI. The Twentieth-Century Mining Frontier

XII. The Twentieth-Century Trapping Frontier

Historic Sites in Proposed Yukon-Charley National Rivers

Epilogue

Bibliography

Appendix

Plate 1 - #7 Niibeeo Zhoo, view to the west of House pit 4, vegetative cover cleared

Plate 2 - #30 Wood Island Cabin, view to the south

Plate 3 - #33 Mail Trail near Montauk

Plate 4 - #36 Trout Creek tent-frame camp, view to the northeast

Plate 5 - #37 Gillman Greek Cabin, view to the north showing cache poles

Plate 6 - #44 Log capstan, view to the south

Plate 7 - #46 Christopher Nelson's Cabin, view to the north

Plate 8 - #46 Christopher Nelson's triangle-shaped dog house, view to the south

Plate 9 - #47 Stockpile of coal near Nation Bluff, view to the north

Plate 10 - #48 Trappers' cubby set typically made from cut branches

Plate 11 - #48 Trappers' cubby set made from spruce boughs

Plate 12 - #48 Trappers' cubby set made from salvaged logs

Plate 13 - #48 Trappers' cubby set made from the bow of a boat

Plate 14 - #52 Rebuilt trapper cabin at Nation City, view to the east

Plate 15 - #52 Rebuilt smokehouse at Nation, view to the east

Plate 16 - #52 Possible foundation of Nation's Roadhouse, view to the north

Plate 17 - #52 A typical cabin remains at Nation, view to the southeast

18 - #53 Fred Krager's burned homestead cabin, view to the south

Plate 19 - #55 Fourth of July Creek mine - boiler used in sawmill

Plate 20 - #55 Fourth of July Creek mine - pump used in hydraulic mining

Plate 21 - #55 Fourth of July Creek mine - rocker box used in simple placer mining

Plate 22 - #55 Panning for gold on Fourth of July Creek, David Evans and Jack Wheeler

Plate 23 - #56 Crowley Creek Cabin, view to the north

Plate 24 - #60 Rock Creek Cabin, view to the north

Plate 25 - #61 Older Rock Creek cabin, view to the west

Plate 26 - #63 Trapper's deadfall on Rock Creek Trail, view to the north

Plate 27 - #64 Glenn Creek Cabin, view to the northwest

Plate 28 - #65 Washington Creek coal mining road parallel to Washington Creek

Plate 29 - #67 George Beck's Washington Creek Cabin, view to the southeast

Plate 30 - #68 Washington Creek Roadhouse, view to the northwest

Plate 31 - #68 Second cabin at Washington Creek Roadhouse, view to the northwest

Plate 32 - #68 Dogbarn at Washington Creek Roadhouse

Plate 33 - #69 Washington Creek steam tractor, view to the northwest

Plate 34 - #71 S-Shaped-Lake Cabin, view to the southeast

Plate 35 - #75 Kandik Mouth Cabin, view to the north

Plate 36 - #77 Biederman's House, view to the northwest

Plate 37 - #77 Biederman's shed, view to the west

Plate 38 - #77 Doghouses at Biederman's, view to the southwest

Plate 39 - #77 Form for dogsled runners at Biederman's

Plate 40 - #77 Fishracks at Biederman's, view to the northwest

Plate 41 - #77 Fishwheel baskets at Biederman's, view to the northwest

Plate 42 - #78 George Beck's Cabin below Biederman's, view to the south

Plate 43 - #79 Mail Trail Way-station, view to the west

Plate 44 - #81 Charley River mouth cabin, view to the northwest

Plate 45 - #81 Sluice box at Charley River mouth cabin, view to the northeast

Plate 46 - #82 Bonanza Creek Cabin, view to the southeast

Plate 47 - #84 Silvia Creek Cabin A, view to the northwest

Plate 48 - #85 Marten deadfall on the Charley River, view to the northwest

Plate 49 - #111 Sam Creek Cabin, view to the northwest

Plate 50 - #111 Sam Creek mining shaft, view to the east

Plate 51 - #113 Big Smokey Cabin, view to the north

Plate 52 - #115 'Cap' Reynolds' Cabin, view to the west

Plate 53 - #116 Sandy Johnson's Cabin at Ben Creek, view to the east

Plate 54 - #116 Ben Creek Mining District, left to right, portable drill, cache, sharpening wheel

Plate 55 - #116 Portable steam boiler at Ben Creek

Plate 56 - #116 Ben Creek Mining District, 'Giant' hydraulic piping

Plate 57 - #116 'Automatic mining dam' on Ben Creek

Plate 58 - #116 Cross-cut for sluice and hydraulic mining at Ben Creek

Plate 59 - #116 Sluice box on Ben Creek

Plate 60 - #116 'Clean-up' sluice box at Ben Creek Mining District

Plate 61 - #118 Road to Ben Creek Mining District, view to the west

Plate 62 - #120 Coal Creek dredge, view to the north

Plate 63 - #120 Coal Creek dredge's ladder, view to the northwest

Plate 64 - #120 Coal Creek dredge's stacker, view to the west

Plate 65 - #121 Coal Creek Camp, overview showing tailings view to the northwest

Plate 66 - #121 Coal Creek Camp, view to the west, left to right, office, goldroom, Post Office

Plate 67 - #125 Mineral Creek Cabin A, view to the west

Plate 68 - #127 Overview of Woodchopper Creek Camp showing tailings and airstrip, view to the west

Plate 69 - #127 View to the east across airstrip to main row of cabins at Woodchopper Creek Camp, Cabins B-G

Plate 70 - #127 Manager's House (Cabin H) at Woodchopper Creek Camp, view to the west

Plate 71 - #128 Mineral Creek mouth cabins, view to the west, left to right, shop, living quarter, bunkhouse

Plate 72 - #130 McGregor's main cabin, view to the northwest

Plate 73 - #132 Woodchopper Roadhouse, view to the northwest

Plate 74 - #132 Cabin #5 at Woodchopper Roadhouse, view to the southwest

Plate 75 - #132 Portable drill (?) at Woodchopper Roadhouse, view to the southeast

Plate 76 - #138 Rear of Paul Connell's Cabin, view to the east

Plate 77 - #138 Paul Connell's Cabin showing handmade sled, toboggan, and wheelbarrow

Plate 78 - #138 Paul Connell's Cabin showing Indian hunting canoe

Plate 79 - #140 Twenty-two Mile Cabin, view to the northeast

Map 1 - The Yukon-Charley Proposal area

Map 2 - Yukon-Charley Topography

Map 3 - Han Territory in East-Central Alaska

Map 4 - The Upper Yukon

Map 5 - Master Map Showing Individual Site Maps and Proposed Boundaries of Yukon-Charley National Rivers

Map 6 - Historic Sites #1 - #18

Map 7 - Historic Sites #19 - #29C

Map 8 - Historic Sites #30 - #38

Map 9 - Historic Sites #39 - #49 (excluding #42 and #43)

Map 10 - Historic Sites #42 - #43

Map 11 - Historic Sites #50 - #58

Map 12 - Historic Sites #59 - #64

Map 13 - Historic Sites #65 - #77 (excluding #66 and #66A)

Map 14 - Historic Sites #78 - #113 (excluding #82-#110, #112)

Map 15 - Historic Sites #82 - #110

Map 16 - Historic Sites #112, #114 - #132

Map 17 - Historic Sites #133 - #137

Map 18 - Historic Sites #138 - #141

Map 19 - Historic Sites #142 - #143

Table 1 - Number and Value of Marten Trapped Between 1925-1949

Table 2 - Number and Value of Lynx Trapped Between 1925-1949

Table 3 - Number and Value of Ermine Trapped Between 1925-1949

Table 4 - Number and Value of Beaver Trapped Between 1925-1949

Table 5 - Number and Value of Wolf Trapped Between 1925-1947

Table 6 - Number and Value of Wolverine Trapped Between 1925-1947

Of Related Interest

THE LAST FRONTIER:
A History of the Yukon Basin
of Canada and Alaska
Melody Webb
(Albuquerque: Unviversity of New Mexico Press, 1985)