Lake Roosevelt Currents and Undercurrents An Administrative History of Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area

¹ "Memorandum of Agreement Between the National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, and Office of Indian Affairs Relating to the Planning, Development, and Administration of the Grand Coulee National Recreation Area," 2 Oct. 1941: 11, file 715 Col. Basin Project, Admin. of Recreational Areas, FDR Lake, USBR Boise; H. W. Bashore, USBR Acting Commissioner, to DOI First Assistant Secretary, 17 July 1942, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, to NPS Regional Director, 30 July 1943, file D18 Planning Program, closed 6/3/53, LARO.HQ.ADM; USBR, Recreational Development of Roosevelt Lake: Columbia Basin Joint Investigations, Problem 26 (Wash., D.C.: GPO, 1945), 36; Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Director, 7 Oct. 1947, file 16, box 136, RG 079-89-004, NARA-PSR; CODA, "Coulee Dam Recreational Area Master Plan Development Outline," 1948, "Area Operations Program," 2, file D18 Master Plan 1948, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 23 Nov. 1949, file 1, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Mrs. Homer (Sis) Robinson and Don Everts, interview with Nancy F. Renk, 6 Dec. 1999, Tape 1-A, notes and index on file, LARO.HQ; Don Everts, phone interview with Kathryn L. McKay, 3 March 2000, notes on file, LARO.HQ.

² Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 29 Aug. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Sanford Hill, NPS Assistant Regional Director, Planning and Construction, to Greider, 11 Sept. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 17 Oct. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 26 Oct. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to USBR Acting District Manager, 26 Oct. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 13 Dec. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; press release, 28 Feb. 1952, file Nat'l Park Service 1947-64, box 216, Horan Coll., WSU; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 30 Jan. 1952, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

³ "Memorandum of Understanding Covering Furnishing of Building Sites, Utility Services, and Temporary Office Space at Coulee Dam, Washington," 5 Feb. 1953, file 2, box 3, RG —079-89-001, NARA-PSR; USBR Special Assistant to the District Manager, to USBR District Manager, 2 Sept. 1953, file A44 Coop Agrmts BOR Outside Storage Space, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Memorandum of Agreement Between the Bureau of Reclamation and the National Park Service," 3 March 1953, file A44 Coop Agrmts BOR Outside Storage Space, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁴ CODA, "Mission 66 Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 24 April 1956 (revised 1956-62), file A5419 Mission 66, LARO.HQ.ADM; Lawrence C. Merriam, NPS Regional Director, to LARO Superintendent, 10 Oct. 1958, file A94 3^rd Power Plant: Changes in Water Line…1960-74, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Homer W. Robinson, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 30 April 1959, file A94 3^rd Power Plant: Changes in Water Line…1960-74, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 26 May 1960, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-60 to 12-31-60, box 4, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 27 May 1963, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-63 to 12-31-63, box 4, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR.

⁵ Paul Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1994), 93, 103-04, 180-81.

⁶ Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, to unknown recipient, 29 Dec. 1941, file 3, box 3, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; H. W. Bashore, USBR Acting Commissioner, to DOI First Assistant Secretary, 17 July 1942, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; CODA, "Coulee Dam Recreational Area Master Plan Development Outline," 1948, "Area Operations Program" section, 2, 4, file D18 Master Plan 1948, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Greider to NPS Director, 11 March 1949, file 18, box 136, RG 079-89-004, NARA-PSR.

⁷ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Director, 14 July 1950, file 3, box 3, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Director, 12 Jan. 1951, file 19, box 136, RG 079-89-004, NARA-PSR; Herbert Maier, NPS Acting Regional Director, to Greider, 8 Feb. 1951, file A44 Coop Agrmts BOR Outside Storage Space, LARO.HQ.ADM; A. F. Darland, USBR Supervising Engineer, to Greider, 22 Dec. 1950, file A44 Coop Agrmts BOR Outside Storage Space, LARO.HQ.ADM; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 13 June 1952, file D18 Planning Programs, closed 6/3/53, LARO.HQ.ADM; Cliff Hutsell, Manager Grand Coulee Navigation Co., to Walt Horan, U.S. House of Representatives, 27 April 1951, file Coulee Rec. Area 1948-52, box 216, Horan Coll., WSU.

⁸ George A. Shipman, "Final Report and Recommendations Regarding the Town of Coulee Dam" (Ephrata, Wash.: USBR, 1954), 1-2; USBR, Annual Project History, Columbia Basin Project, 1958, 1; Homer Robinson, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 10 April 1958, file A44 Tri-Party Agrmt - Sites in Coulee Dam, LARO.HQ.ADM; Robinson to NPS Regional Director, 30 April 1959, file A94 3^rd Power Plant: Changes in Water Line…1960-74, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Robinson to NPS Regional Director, 17 Aug. 1959, file A44 Tri-Party Agrmt — Sites in Coulee Dam, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA Superintendent to NPS Director, 26 May 1960, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-60 to 12-31-60, box 4, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR.

⁹ Grand Coulee Dam Bicentennial Association, From Pioneers to Power: Historical Sketches of the Grand Coulee Dam Area (Nespelem, Wash.: Rima Printing and Graphics, 1976), 162; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 13 Sept. 1966, file A2615 M. Narrative Reports CODA CY1966, box 1, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; Howard H. Chapman, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 9 May 1967, file A94 Third Power Plant: Changes in Water Line…1960-74, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Ray Dashiell, phone interview with Kathryn L. McKay, 2 March 2000, notes on file, LARO.HQ. The houses transferred to the BIA were located at 804 Yucca, 1024 and 1114 Camas, and 1012 Central (Linda Morgan, LARO Budget Analyst, email to Kathryn L. McKay, 11 August 2000).

¹⁰ CODA, "Mission 66 Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 24 April 1956 (revised 1956-62), file A5419 Mission 66, LARO.HQ.ADM; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 18 June 1957, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-57 to 12-31-57, box 3, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; Conrad L. Wirth, Parks, Politics, and the People (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980), 244; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 15 May 1962, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-62 to 12-31-62, box 4, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR.

¹¹ "Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," Feb. 1963: ch. 4: 7, file D18 Master Plan 1962, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Everts phone interview; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA" CY1972: 8-9, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1984: 12, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "General Management Plan" (1980): 5, notebook GMP, Envir. Assessment, LARO.HQ.CIO.

¹² Machelle L. Frye, LARO Housing Officer, to NPS Facility Manager, Pacific-Great Basin Support Office, 25 Oct. 1996, file F7423 1995-1997, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹³ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1985: 7, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; Superintendent's Annual Report for CY1986: 4, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Housing Management Plan," 1988: 8-9, file F7423 Employee Housing, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1993: 13, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM; Linda Morgan, LARO Budget Analyst, personal communication to Kathryn L. McKay, 1 June 2000.

¹⁴ "Housing National Park Service Employees," Nov. 1997, file 10-26, LARO.HQ.CIO; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," FY1996: 9, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM; LARO, Draft General Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement: Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area (Sept. 1998), 98; LARO, "5 Year Strategic Plan, 1998-2002," 1997: 4, CRM box, LARO.HQ.SUP; ; Dashiell phone interview; Vaughn Baker, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 18 Aug. 1998, file F7423 Housing 1998-, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹⁵ CODA, "Housing Management Plan," 1988: 3, 5-6, 10-12, file F7423 Employee Housing, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dashiell phone interview; Linda Morgan, LARO Budget Analyst, personal communication, 1 June 2000.

¹⁶ CODA, "Museum Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area" (1958), 19.

¹⁷ USBR, Project History 1950, ch. IV, part I; CODA, "Road System," 15 July 1953, file D18 Master Plan 1953-June '54, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

¹⁸ CODA, "Mission 66 Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 24 April 1956 (revised 1956-62), file A5419 Mission 66, LARO.HQ.ADM; NPS, "Notice of Approval, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area Prospectus, 12 April 1957: 3, file Coulee Dam National Recreation Area, 1952 to 1969, HFC; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 15 May 1962, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-62 to 12-31-62, box 4, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; "Master Plan of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1965: ch. 3, p. 14, file D18 Master Planning 1965-67, LARO.HQ.ADM; William F. Ford, USBR Special Services Officer, and Albert F. Drysdale, LARO District Ranger, to USBR Power Supervisor, 26 Nov. 1963, file D5031 Collection & Disposal of Debris & Trash, LARO.HQ.ADM; "R-MAP Park Profile Input," 25 April 1994: 1, file L76 — Environmental Impact, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹⁹ NPS and Federal Highway Administration, "Road System Evaluation: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," April 1985: iii, 6-7, 12, file Road System Evaluation 1985, box 3, LARO.HQ.USA; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1985: 11, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM.

²⁰ CODA, Maintenance Questionnaire, April 1980: 1-4, file D30 Roads & Trails, LARO.HQ.ADM.

²¹ CODA, "Resource Management Plan and Environmental Assessment," 1982: 14, file D18 General Management Plan, box 1 of 3, LARO.HQ.PAO; Daniel J. Farrell, LARO Land Management Specialist, to LARO Superintendent, 23 June 1981, notebook Crescent Lake Cycle Hill Rest. Plan 1986, drawer 3, LARO.FS.1107.

²² "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1981: 9, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; Charles V. Janda, LARO, to NPS Regional Director, 15 Sept. 1980, file N2623 Situation Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Coulee Dam National Recreation Area: Off-road Operation of Motor Vehicles," 4 Oct. 1983 draft: 2, file W823 Legislation, Enacted, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Resource Management Plan and Environmental Assessment," 1982: 3.

²³ Gerry Shimek, "A Survey of Unauthorized Roads in the Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," Moscow: U. of Idaho, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, 1983: 1, file L3027 Roads & Right-of-Ways, Stevens County, LARO.HQ.ADM; LARO, "Resource Management Plan, Natural Resources," 1997: Appendix F, pp. 12-13, 15-16, LARO.HQ.RMO; "ORV Restrictions at Crescent Lake — Eden Harbor Area," press release, 18 March 1982, notebook Crescent Lake Cycle Hill Rest. Plan 1986, drawer 3, LARO.FS.1107; Gordon D. Boyd, LARO Chief Interpretation & Resource Management, to LARO Superintendent et al., 11 Oct. 1983, file W3823 Legislation, Enacted, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Resource Management Plan and Environmental Assessment," 1988: 17, file Coulee Dam NRA, Nat. Resource Mgmt. Plan 1988, LARO.HQ.CIO; "Recreation Area Lands Closed to Off-Road Travel," press release, 1 May 1992, notebook Congressional Corr., LARO.HQ.ADM; "Lake Roosevelt Forum, Land Use Committee, May 25, 1994," file Lake Roos. Forum, drawer 2, LARO.HQ.RMO; LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998), 18; Dan Mason, phone interview with Kathryn L. McKay, 2 March 2000, notes on file, LARO.HQ.

²⁴ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 31 July 1951, file D18 Planning Program, closed 6/3/53, LARO.HQ.ADM; Greider to USBR District Manager, 17 June 1952, file 1, box 8, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Gary J. Kuiper, LARO Superintendent, to Stanley G. St. Jeor, 23 April 1987, file L3027 Roads & Right-of-Way, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Briefing Statement — Easement Requests for Road Access," 2 Dec. 1991, Briefing Statements notebook, LARO.HQ.ADM; Kelly Cash, LARO Acting Superintendent, to Todd S. Woodard, Staff Assistant to Thomas S. Foley, U.S. House of Representatives, 16 April 1993, file USBR Easements — Final, box 1 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Charles H. Odegaard, NPS Regional Director, to Foley, 8 Dec. 1998, Cong Corr. Notebook, LARO.HQ.ADM.

²⁵ Fred G. Campbell, Attorney, to Daniel J. Farrell, LARO, 29 Dec. 1981, file D30 Porcupine Bay Entrance Rd., LARO.HQ.ADM; C. Richard Neely, Senior Attorney, Office of the DOI Regional Solicitor, to NPS Regional Director, 25 Feb. 1982, file D30 Porcupine Bay Entrance Road, LARO.HQ.ADM; Ronald E. Sarff, NPS Acting Deputy Regional Director, to Thomas S. Foley, U.S. House of Representatives, 6 Nov. 1986, file D30 Porcupine Bay Entrance Road, LARO.HQ.ADM; Charles H. Odegaard, NPS Regional Director, to Andy Rustemeyer, County Commissioner Lincoln County, 20 Oct. 1987, file D30 Porcupine Bay Entrance Road, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dashiell phone interview.

²⁶ Jerry Rumburg, LARO Chief of Interpretation, to Jane Greverus Perry, Winter Haven, Florida, 8 Jan. 1981, file K14 Information Requests, LARO.HQ.ADM.

²⁷ CODA, "Mission 66 Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 24 April 1956 (revised 1956-62), 50, file A5419 Mission 66, LARO.HQ.ADM; Lennon W. Hooper, DSC, "National Park Trails: Analytical Report on Trails in Areas of the National Park System," March 1973: 22, LARO.HQ.LIB; NPS, "Environmental Assessment for the General Management Plan, CODA" (1979), 60; William Dunmire, LARO Superintendent, to Files, 25 Jan. 1979, file D30 Roads & Trails, LARO.HQ.ADM; "National Park Service 1980 Trail Study Questionnaire," 4, file D30 Roads & Trails, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Trail Condition and Maintenance Needs Questionnaire," 1987, file D30 Roads & Trails, LARO.HQ.ADM. Some of the trails were built as Youth Conservation Corps projects.

²⁸ R. D. Waterhouse, NPS Acting Regional Engineer, to NPS Regional Director, 17 Aug. 1943, file D18 Planning Program, closed 6/3/53, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Mission 66 Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 24 April 1956 (revised 1956-62): 17, file A5419 Mission 66, LARO.HQ.ADM.

²⁹ Everts phone interview.

³⁰ Quoted in Paul Read, "Roosevelt Lake's Population — And Problems — Grow," Journal of Business, Spokesman-Review, 25 May 1989, p. B11. The draft 1963 Master Plan for LARO includes a detailed 50-page inventory of the national recreation area's utilities, including information on water systems, sewage, garbage disposal, power, communications, and fuel systems.

³¹ Lisa K. Bucy and William H. Funk, Lake Roosevelt Management Plan (Pullman, Wash.: WRC Report No. 93, State of Washington Water Research Center, 1996), 43; Bill Schieber, interview with Nancy F. Renk, 7 Dec. 1999, Tape 1-B, notes and index on file, LARO.HQ; LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998): 15; Dashiell phone interview; Ray Dashiell, LARO Maintenance Mech. Supervisor,, email to Kathryn L. McKay, 28 August 2000. Some backcountry areas cannot have vault toilets because the lack of road access prevents cleaning them out.

³² Wayne R. Howe, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 13 Jan. 1970, file D5015 Electricity, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1972: 9, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dashiell phone interview; Ralph Byre, Lincoln Electric Cooperative Manager, to William J. Briggle, NPS, 5 Feb. 1991, file Environment Misc. — Lake Roosevelt, box 71, Morrison Coll., WSU.

³³ Transcript of meeting of National Park Service personnel with members of Grand Coulee Dam Yacht Club and others, 1 June 1951: 12-13, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 27 May 1963, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-63 to 12-31-63, box 4, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; "Master Plan for Preservation and Use of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," Sept. 1963: vol. III, sec. I, p. 32, file D18 Master Plan Nov.-Dec. 1963, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; "Master Plan of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1965: ch. 3, p. 22, file D18 Master Planning 1965-67, LARO.HQ.ADM; NPS Associate Director, Management and Operations, to NPS Park Superintendents et al., 17 Nov. 1976, file D5031 Land Disposal of Solid Waste — Management, LARO.HQ.ADM; Roger D. Lee, "Report on Survey of Environmental Health Facilities, CODA," Sept. 1977: 6, file D5031 Sanitation 1972-81, LARO.HQ.ADM; Gary J. Kuiper, LARO Superintendent, to Andy Rustemeyer, Lincoln County Commissioner, 17 Oct. 1989, file D5031 Sanitation 1989-1992, LARO.HQ.ADM.

³⁴ Gary J. Kuiper, LARO Superintendent, to Andy Rustemeyer, Lincoln County Commissioner, 17 Oct. 1989, file D5031 Sanitation 1989-1992, LAROHQ.ADM; "R-MAP Park Profile Input," 25 April 1994, file L76 — Environmental Impact, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Resource Management Plan and Environmental Assessment" (1988), 8; LARO, "Resource Management Plan, Natural Resources" (1997), Appendix F, "Project Statements," pp. 64-65.

³⁵ LARO, "Resource Management Plan: Natural Resources" (1997), 35; John Haller, "Oil and Hazardous Substance Spill Plan, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 6 July 1989: 2, 7, file N36 Pollution/Environmental Quality, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1993: 2, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM.

³⁶ Tom Pope, LARO Administrative Officer, to LARO Division Chiefs and District Supervisors, 10 Dec. 1990, file S58 Motor-Driven Equipment, LARO.HQ.ADM; Pope to NPS Acting Regional Property Officer, 17 Jan. 1991, file S58 Motor-Driven Equipment, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Storage Tank Management Plan: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1991: 4, file Underground Storage Tank Plans, LARO.HQ.ADM; Vaughn Baker, LARO Superintendent, to USBR Acting Power Manager, 24 July 1998, file Underground Storage Tank Plans, LARO.HQ.ADM.

³⁷ Roger James, Washington Dept. of Health District Engineer, to Hugh Peyton, LARO Superintendent, 19 March 1954, file D18 Master Plan 1953-June '54, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; CODA, "Mission 66 Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 24 April 1956 (revised 1956-62): 17, 43, file A5419 Mission 66, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Master Plan of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1965: ch. 3, p. 18, file D18 Master Planning 1965-67, LARO.HQ.ADM.

³⁸ Don and Connie Everts, interview with Nancy F. Renk, 7 Dec. 1999, Tape 1-B, tape and index on file, LARO.HQ.

³⁹ Anderson, "Water Supplies for CODA," 1-2, 19, 21; NPS Regional Chief of Maintenance to Chairman, Coulee Dam Operations Evaluation team, 24 Aug. 1977, file A5427 Field Office Personnel, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁴⁰ NPS, "Environmental Assessment for the General Management Plan, CODA" (1979), 14; LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998), 82; William N. Burgen, LARO Superintendent, to LARO District Rangers and District Foremen, 21 March 1975, file D5039 Water & Sewage 1975-92, LARO.HQ.ADM; "A Summary of Public Law 93-523," file D5039 Water & Sewage 1975-92, LARO.HQ.ADM; William N. Burgen, LARO Superintendent, to all permanent employees, 26 May 1976, file D5039 Water & Sewage 1975-92, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁴¹ William Dunmire, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 20 March 1980, file D5039 Water & Sewage 1975-92, LARO.HQ.ADM; Roger D. Lee, NPS Regional Environmental Sanitation Consultant, to NPS Regional Director, 3 Feb. 1981, file D5039 Water & Sewage 1975-92, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Annual Statement for Interpretation and Visitor Services: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1981: 6, Statement for Interpretation notebook, LARO.HQ.CIO; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1981: 1, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; Jon L. Riedel, "Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area, Washington, Water Resources Scoping Report" (NPS, 1997), 5.

⁴² Riedel, "Water Resources," 66; LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998), 82.

⁴³ Everts phone interview; Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to S. E. Hutton, USBR Engineer, 21 March 1949, file H14 Project Histories (USBR), LARO.HQ.ADM; "Coulee Dam Recreational Area Master Plan Development Outline" (1948), "Area Operations Program" section, p. 2, file D18 Master Plan 1948, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

⁴⁴ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Director, 10 June 1950, file 19, box 136, RG 079-89-004, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Director, 12 July 1950, file 19, box 136, RG 079-89-004, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Director, 17 Aug. 1951, file 10, box 7, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Clifford R. Koester to Columbia Basin Commission, 6 Nov. 1951, file Recreation (1 of 3), box 34, Columbia Basin Commission, WSA; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 1 April 1952, file 10, box 7, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁴⁵ CODA, "Mission 66 Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 24 April 1956 (revised 1956-62): 20-21, file A5419 Mission 66, LARO.HQ.ADM; Hugh Peyton, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Director, 15 June 1955, file A2621 Annual Reports Reg 4 1955 & 1956 FYs, box 3, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; "Master Plan of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1965: ch. 3, p. 17, file D18 Master Planning 1965-67, LARO.HQ.ADM; Schieber interview, Tape 1-A.

⁴⁶ Schieber interview, Tape 1-A; Everts interview, Tape 1-A, 1-B; Everts phone interview. Don Everts, who worked at LARO starting in 1951, said he and Superintendent Hugh Peyton were both "junk gatherers."

⁴⁷ Everts interview, Tape 1-B.

⁴⁸ Everts interview, Tape 1-B.

⁴⁹ Ibid.

⁵⁰ PCP Index No. B-46-7, file D46? [no # on file folder], Project Construction Proposals, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Master Plan of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1965: ch. 3, p. 17, file D18 Master Planning 1965-67, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁵¹ "Environmental Assessment: Relocate Portion Sandpit Access Road, Fort Spokane, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1983: 1, file L7617 EAs & CODA-90, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dashiell phone interview.

⁵² LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 15 May 1962, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-62 to 12-31-62, box 4, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; "Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," Feb. 1963, ch. 3, p. 4 and ch. 4, p. 24, file D18 Master Plan 1962, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Dashiell phone interview.

⁵³ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1972: 6, 12, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1976: 26, 27, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dashiell phone interview; "Pacific West Region Directive: PW-016, Regular Cyclic Maintenance Program (RCM)," 3 April 1997, file F30 Budget Formulation 1-6, 1997, LARO.HQ.ADM; Ray Dashiell, LARO Maintenance Mech. Supervisor, email to Kathryn L. McKay, 28 August 2000.

⁵⁴ Conservation Foundation, National Parks for a New Generation: Visions, Realities, Prospects (Wash., D.C.: Conservation Foundation, 1985), 130; "1982 Update of Statement for Interpretation and Visitor Services for Fiscal Year 1983," Part 1.2, Statement for Interpretation notebook, LARO.HQ.CIO.

⁵⁵ Dashiell phone interview; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1988: 8, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM;.

⁵⁶ Gary Kuiper, interview with Nancy F. Renk, 10 Dec. 1999, Tape 2-B, notes and index on file, LARO.HQ.

⁵⁷ "Briefing Statement: Workloads and Staffing," 1989, file A26 Briefing Statements, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dashiell phone interview; Cletis Rodgers, LARO Facility Manager, to LARO Superintendent, 2 Oct. 1990, file D24 Maint. & Rehab 1981-1991, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁵⁸ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1989: 6, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁵⁹ CODA, "Coulee Dam National Recreation Area: Fleet Management Plan," April 1990, file CODA Fleet Mgmt, box 5, LARO.HQ.USA; Kelly K. Cash, "Statement for Management, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1992: Appendix A, GMP, Environ. Assessment, etc. notebook, LARO.HQ.CIO; Dashiell phone interview; Linda Morgan, LARO Budget Analyst, personal communication to Kathryn L. McKay, 1 June 2000.

⁶⁰ LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998), 31; "Visitation and Fees a Good Combination for Lake Roosevelt," press release [n.d.], file K3415 Press Releases — CODA, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area Newsletter 4," Sept. 1998: 4, file 10-26, LARO.HQ.CIO.

⁶¹ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1977: 10, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1978: 12, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; Schieber interview, Tape 1-A; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1981, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1993, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM; Ray Dashiell, LARO Maintenance Mech. Supervisor, email to Kathryn L. McKay, 28 August 2000.

⁶² Ray Dashiell, LARO Maintenance Mech. Supervisor, email to Kathryn L. McKay, 28 August 2000.

⁶³ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1975: 14, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁶⁴ Everts phone interview; R. D. Waterhouse, NPS Acting Regional Engineer, to NPS Regional Director, 17 Aug. 1943, file D18 Planning Program, closed 6/3/53, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dashiell phone interview; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 15 June 1955, file A2621 Annual Reports reg 4 1955 & 1956 Fys, box 3, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; "Master Plan of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area" (1965), ch. 3, p. 20, file D18 Master Planning 1965-67, LARO.HQ.ADM; Everts interview, Tape 1-B; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1972: 9, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1974: 12, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; Gary Kuiper, "Statement for Management, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1989: 14, file D18 SFM 1989, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁶⁵ William Dunmire, LARO Superintendent, to LARO employees, 3 July 1979, file S38 Fuels, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁶⁶ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1974: 13, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1976: 26, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; NPS Associate Director, Management and Operations, to NPS Superintendents, et al., 17 Nov. 1976, file D5031 Land Disposal of Solid Waste — Management, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1978: 1, 12, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1979: 1, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "'Land Whales' Near Extinction," The Lake Roosevelt Mirror, 1 (summer 1980), Newspapers notebook, box 7, Pitzer Coll., WSA-CRB; Dashiell phone interview; Ray Dashiell, LARO Maintenance Mech. Supervisor, email to Kathryn L. McKay, 28 August 2000.

⁶⁷ Wayne Howe, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 25 May 1970, file D32 Grounds, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1975: 13, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1978: 1, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; William Dunmire, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 29 May 1979, file D3415 Buildings, Construction, & Maint., etc., LARO.HQ.ADM; Everts interview, Tape 2-A; CODA, "General Management Plan" (1980), errata, notebook GMP, Envir. Assessment, LARO.HQ.CIO; CODA, "Summary Checklist for Accessibility," 25 Feb. 1988: 1-4, file K18 Handicapped Access Survey Forms, LARO.HQ.ADM; NPS, "Accessibility for People with Disabilities," Nov. 1997, file 10-26, LARO.HQ.CIO; LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998), 14.

⁶⁸ Dashiell phone interview.

⁶⁹ "Status of Study for Problem No. 26," 29 Oct. 1940: 12, 15, file 2, box 1, RG 0-79-89-001, NARA-PSR; Dennis McBride, "Grand Canyon-Boulder Dam Tours, Inc.: Southern Nevada's First Venture into Commercial Tourism," Nevada Historical Society Quarterly 27 (Summer 1984): 92, 95; F. A. Banks, USBR Supervising Engineer, to USBR Commissioner, 9 July 1941, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise.

⁷⁰ F. A. Gross, Superintendent Colville Indian Agency, to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 4 Oct. 1943, file Copy - CODA Historical Files #2, LARO.HQ.SUP.

⁷¹ R. F. Bessey, Counselor, National Resources Planning Board, to Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreational Planner, 24 Oct. 1940, file Columbia Basin Area I 1940, box 107, RG 187, NARA-PAR; F. A. Banks, USBR Supervising Engineer, to USBR Commissioner, 30 Sept. 1941, file Copy - CODA Historical Files #2, LARO.HQ.SUP; Paul Lemargie, DOI Field Solicitor, to Homer Robinson, LARO Superintendent, 29 Sept. 1958, Coulee Dam NRA section, History box 4, LARO.HQ.LIB; Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, to NPS Regional Director, 30 July 1943, file D18 Planning Program, closed 6/3/53, LARO.HQ.ADM. In 1945, the Office of Indian Affairs reported that tribal members were mostly likely to provide boating, campgrounds, bathing beaches, pack trips, and Indian art (USBR, Problem 26: 40).

⁷² Phil Kearney, NPS Landscape Architect, to Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, 16 April 1942, file 3, box 3, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁷³ F. A. Banks, USBR Supervising Engineer, to Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, 14 Jan. 1943, file 17, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Phil Kearney, NPS Landscape Architect, to Thoralf Torkelson, USBR Supervising Engineer, 20 Aug. 1942, box 4, History — Coulee Dam NRA, LARO.HQ.LIB; "Grand Coulee Navigation Company Prospectus," [Sept. 1951], 10, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR. The fees charged by the NPS in 1943 for gas and oil service for boats was $10 and for gas, oil, supplies, and boat storage service was $50 per year ("Schedule of Rates for Temporary Special Use Permits," 1943, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise).

⁷⁴ NPS, "Columbia River Reservoir Area, Washington: General Report and Development Outline," June 1944, LARO.HQ.100-USA.3.1; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1973: 2, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁷⁵ NPS, "Columbia River Reservoir Area, Washington: General Report and Development Outline," June 1944: 7, LARO.HQ.100-USA.3.1; "Coulee Dam Recreation Area Master Plan, Development Outline" (1948), "Policies and Agreements" section, p. 3, file D18 Master Plan 1948, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

⁷⁶ Phil Nalder, USBR, quoted in "Digest of Minutes Committee Meeting on Problem No. 26, Joint Investigation Columbia Basin Irrigation Project, At Olympia, Washington, 22 May 1941," 12, file Columbia Basin Area — Problem No. 26 1941, box 126, RG 187, NARA-PAR.

⁷⁷ Harvey R. Smith to Newton B. Drury, NPS Director, 15 May 1945 and undated letter, box 85, file 22, Magnuson Papers, UW; Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, to NPS Director, 29 Oct. 1945, box 4, History — Coulee Dam NRA, LARO.HQ.LIB; Greider to F. A. Banks, USBR Supervising Engineer, 21 Jan. 1946, file LARO.94.3249.3, LARO.HQ.ADM; Greider to Banks, 8 Feb. 1946, box 4 History — Coulee Dam NRA, LARO.HQ.LIB.

⁷⁸ USBR, Problem 26: 4; Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, to F. A. Banks, USBR Supervising Engineer, 19 May 1944, file 6, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to Joe Trombley, President, Coulee Dam Amphibious Aircraft, 2 Aug. 1945, file 6, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; "Grand Coulee Navigation Company Prospectus," [Sept. 1951], 11, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁷⁹ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to William S. Royce, Secretary to Walt Horan, U.S. House of Representatives, 19 Sept. 1947, file Coulee Rec. Area 1948-52, box 216, Horan Coll., WSU. Other management concerns of this period included cleaning up the debris floating on the lake, the need for navigation aids, and improving the fishery.

⁸⁰ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 12 Aug. 1947, file 2, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to Alfie Decker, Master of Stranger Creek Grange, 15 Oct. 1947, file 2, box 10, RG 0-79-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁸¹ "Lack of Funds Kills Hopes for Kettle Falls Project," Spokane Daily Chronicle, 11 June 1948; John Ise, Our National Park Policy: A Critical History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1961), 611.

⁸² Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, to Glen A. Biggart, President, Grand Coulee Navigation Company, 25 April 1944, file 5, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to Biggart, 7 Aug. 1944, file 5, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to William S. Royce, Sec. to Walter Horan, U.S. House of Representatives, 19 Sept. 1947, file Coulee Rec. Area 1948-52, box 216, Horan Coll., WSU; Greider to Henry Robinson, Grand Coulee Navigation Company, 14 Nov. 1947, file 5, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁸³ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 27 May 1948, file 5, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; A. E. Demaray, NPS Acting Director, to NPS Regional Director, 20 July 1948, file 5, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 7 Sept. 1948, file 5, box 9, RG 079-89-001; Greider to NPS Director, 7 Jan. 1949, file 6, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR. Grand Coulee Navigation Company had a total net loss of over $14,000 for the years 1947-50 (Burns C. Downey, NPS Chief of Rates Control, to NPS Chief of Concessions Management, 27 Aug. 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR).

⁸⁴ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to F. A. Banks, USBR Supervising Engineer, 30 June 1948, file 3, box 3, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 2 June 1948, file 6, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; USBR, Project History 1947, 7; O. A. Tomlinson, NPS Regional Director, to Greider, 24 Feb. 1948, file 6, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Director, 13 Sept. 1948, file 17, box 136, RG 079-89-004, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 29 Nov. 1948, file 5, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Director, 12 June 1949, file 18, box 136, RG 079-89-004, NARA-PSR; USBR, Project History 1949, 63; C. S. Hutsell, Grand Coulee Navigation Company, to Greider, 14 April 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to USBR District Manager, 27 Feb. 1951, file H14 Project Histories (USBR), LARO.HQ.ADM; Greider to NPS Director, 14 July 1950, file 3, box 3, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁸⁵ O. A. Tomlinson, NPS Regional Director, to NPS Director, 7 June 1950, file 1, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Lawrence C. Merriam, NPS Regional Director, to NPS Director, 31 Jan. 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Herbert Maier, NPS Acting Regional Director, to NPS Director, 14 March 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁸⁶ C. S. Hutsell, Grand Coulee Navigation Company, to Claude E. Greider, 13 April 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Sanford Hill, NPS Assistant Regional Director, to NPS Regional Director, teletype, 28 May 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Sanford Hill, NPS Assistant Regional Director, to Greider, teletype, 15 June 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Cliff Hutsell, Grand Coulee Navigation Company Manager, to Walt Horan, U.S. House of Representatives, 27 April 1951, file Coulee Rec. Area 1948-52, box 216, Horan Coll., WSU; Sanford Hill, NPS Assistant Regional Director, to NPS Director, 22 Aug. 1951, file 1, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁸⁷ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 3 Oct. 1952, file 7, box 11, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Herbert Maier, NPS Acting Regional Director, to A. B. Lafferty, President, Lafferty Transportation Company, 16 Oct. 1952, file 7, box 11, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 17 Nov. 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR. Quotes are from the 17 Nov. 1952 letter.

⁸⁸ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 7 April 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 16 July 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Cliff Hutsell, Grand Coulee Navigation Company Manager, to Greider, 9 June 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Herbert Maier, NPS Acting Regional Director, to Greider, 25 June 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to Hutsell, 27 June 1952, file 5, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Hutsell to Greider, 27 June 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Hutsell to Greider, 27 June 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁸⁹ Cliff S. Hutsell, Grand Coulee Navigation Company General Manager, to Sanford Hill, NPS Assistant Regional Director, 3 Nov. 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR

⁹⁰ C. S. Hutsell, Grand Coulee Navigation Company General Manager, to Sanford Hill, NPS Assistant Regional Director, 4 Jan. 1953, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Lawrence C. Merriam, NPS Regional Director, to NPS Director, 6 Jan. 1953, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Cliff Hutsell, "Remarks by the Manager of the Grand Coulee Navigation Company," 14 Jan. 1953: 3, 6, file 1, box 10, RG 0-79-89-001, NARA-PSR; Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 3 Feb. 1953, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

⁹¹ A. F. Wilken, Grand Coulee Navigation Company Secretary, to Lawrence C. Merriam, NPS Regional Director, 24 April 1953, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 12 June 1956, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-56 to 12-31-56, box 3, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR.

⁹² William C. Everhart, The National Park Service (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972), 121; Ise, Our National Park Policy, 613; National Parks and Conservation Association, Parks and People: A Natural Relationship: Visitor Use of the National Parks (Wash., D.C.: National Parks and Conservation Association, 1988), 67, 72; C. Richard Neely for the DOI Regional Solicitor, to NPS Regional Director, 29 March 1985, file Copy - CODA Historical Files #1, LARO.HQ.SUP. Currently, the marina concessionaires have possessory interest in their improvements but Spring Canyon does not (Vaughn Baker, interview with Nancy F. Renk, 9 Dec. 1999, Tape 2-A, notes and index on file, LARO.HQ).

⁹³ LARO Superintendent to NPS Director, 18 June 1957, file A2621 Annual Reports Field Areas 1-1-57 to 12-31-57, box 3, RG 079-95-05, NARA-PSR; CODA, "A Map of the Coulee Dam National Recreation Area, 1958," file K38 Base Map, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Mission 66 Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 24 April 1956 (revised 1956-622), file A5419 Mission 66, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Master Plan for Preservation and Use of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," March 1963: vol. III, sec. C, p. 8, file D18 Master Plan 1962, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

⁹⁴ USBR, Project History 1966, Appendix "Recreational and Wildlife Summary."

⁹⁵ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1972: 3, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1973: 2, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1974: 4, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1975: 6, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1976: 9, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1977; 3, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1978: 2, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁹⁶ Temple A. Reynolds, NPS Associate Regional Director, to NPS Regional Director, 30 Oct. 1978, file A5427 Field Office Personnel, LARO.HQ.ADM; Maureen H. McDonough and Donald R. Field, "Coulee Dam National Recreation Area: Visitor Use Patterns and Preferences" (Seattle: NPS, College of Forest Resources, UW, 1979), xi; William Dunmire, "Statement for Management: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 15 Dec. 1978: 22-23, file D18 Statements for Management, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁹⁷ CODA, "Recreation and Wildlife Summary, Calendar Year 1981," file N2621 Annual Aquatic Resources Rept., LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1981: 2, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Annual Statement for Interpretation and Visitor Services: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1981: 7-8, Statement for Interpretation notebook, LARO.HQ.CIO; National Parks & Conservation Association, Parks and People, 74-75; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1984: 1, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM.

⁹⁸ "Master Plan for Preservation and Use of Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," March 1963: vol. III, sec. F, pp. 2-3, file D18 Master Plan 1962, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO

⁹⁹ "Lake Roosevelt Multi-Party Management Agreement Chronology of Events and Historical Background," ca. 1987: 10, file Environment Misc. — Lake Roosevelt (1 of 2), box 71, Morrison Coll., WSU.

¹⁰⁰ Homer W. Robinson, LARO Superintendent, to Paul Lemargie, DOI Field Solicitor, 19 Aug. 1958, file 3, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Lemargie to Robinson, 29 Sept. 1958, Coulee Dam NRA section, History box 4, LARO.HQ.LIB.

¹⁰¹ Wilkinson, Cragun & Barker, Counsel for STI, "Memo re: Spokane Indian Hunting, Fishing and Boating Rights in the Lake Roosevelt Indian Zones," 20 May 1959, file A44 Triparty Agreement, LARO.HQ.ADM; Glen A. Wilkinson, Wilkinson, Cragun & Barker, 21 March 1960, box 360, Horan Coll., WSU; Homer W. Robinson, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Director, 30 Sept. 1959, file 3, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

¹⁰² Robert D. Dellwo, Attorney, to Roy H. Sampsel, Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Interior, 13 May 1975, file 11, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; CCT Resolution 1975-234, file 6, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

¹⁰³ Unsigned [member of Grand Coulee Dam Yacht Club] to Rep. Walter Horan, 6 May 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

¹⁰⁴ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 23 Sept. 1948, file 6, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 17 June 1952, file 1, box 10, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; A. B. Lafferty, President, Lafferty Transportation Company, to NPS Director, 30 July 1952, file 7, box 11, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Director, 3 Oct. 1952, file 7, box 11, RG —079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 7 Oct. 1952, file 1, box 10, RG —79-89-001, NARA-PSR; Herbert Maier, NPS Acting Regional Director, to A. B. Lafferty, 16 Oct. 1952, file 7, box 11, RG —79-89-001, NARA-PSR. Quote is from Greider to NPS Regional Director, 17 Nov. 1952, file 1, box 10, RG —079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

¹⁰⁵ "Price Schedule for Public Services 1948," file 6, box 9, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Director, 12 June 1949, file 18, box 136, RG 079-89-004, NARA-PSR; A. E. Demaray, NPS Acting Director, to USBR Commissioner, 9 March 1951, file 1, box 10, RG 0-79-89-001, NARA-PSR.

¹⁰⁶ USBR District Manager to USBR Regional Director, 3 May 1951, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 19 July 1951, file 4, box 7, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Lawrence C. Merriam, NPS Regional Director, to NPS Director, 13 March 1952, file 4, box 7, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

¹⁰⁷ Homer W. Robinson, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 31 Aug. 1959, file A44 Agrmt — North Marina, LARO.HQ.ADM; Sam McCue, phone interview with Kathryn L. McKay, 11 March 2000, notes on file, LARO.HQ; Robinson to NPS Regional Director, 22 Sept. 1959, file A44 Agrmt — North Marina, LARO.HQ.ADM; NPS Regional Director to NPS Director, 10 Nov. 1959, file A44 Agrmt — North Marina, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹⁰⁸ W. E. Rawlings, USBR Project Manager, to LARO Superintendent, 20 Aug. 1968, file A94 3^rd Power Plant: Other Ramifications 1966-76, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Roberta Miller, LARO Public Affairs Officer, personal communication to Nancy F. Renk, 2 March 2000; Merv Schmidt, Grand Coulee Dam Yacht Club, phone interview with Kathryn L. McKay, 3 March 2000, notes on file, LARO.HQ; McCue phone interview.

¹⁰⁹ CODA, "Briefing Statement: Concessions Operations," 1989, file A26 Briefing Statements, LARO.HQ.CIO; CODA, "Briefing Statement: Concession Operations," May 1991, file A26 Briefing Statements, LARO.HQ.CIO; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1989, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM; "National Park Service: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area [no other title]," Nov. 1985, file Multi-Party Mgmt. Agreement thru 1986, LARO.HQ.SUP; Kelly Cash, former LARO Assistant Superintendent, personal communication to Kathryn L. McKay, 1 March 2001.

¹¹⁰ Bill Butts, Roosevelt Recreation Enterprises CEO, to Mel Tonasket, Chairman Colville Business Council, 7 Dec. 1988, file Environment Misc. — Lake Roosevelt (2 of 2), box 71, Morrison Coll., WSU; Mel Tonasket, Chair, Colville Business Council, to Ed Wimberly, Breckenridge, Colorado, 14 Jan. 1988, file Colville Confed. Tribes, LARO.HQ.SUP; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1987: 9, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Lake Roosevelt Boating Adventures, Tribal Tribune, 26 Aug. 1988; Susan English, "Houseboating in Comfort," Spokesman-Review, 20 May 1988, 9-10; Stephen Maher, "Colville Get Grant for Work at Marinas," Wenatchee World, 7 Sept. 1988.

¹¹¹ Robin Cody, Voyage of a Summer Sun: Canoeing the Columbia River (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), 133.

¹¹² "Briefing Statement: Concessions Operations," 1989: 1, file A26 Briefing Statements, LARO.HQ.CIO; John Andrist, Omak-Okanogan County Chronicle, 18 May 1988; Stephen Maher, "Roosevelt Houseboat Fleet May Grow," Wenatchee World, 30 Jan. 1989; Daniel R. Brown, "Coulee Dam National Recreation Area, Statement for Interpretation, FY 93," 19, file K1817 Interpretive Plan, LARO.HQ.CIO; Marty Huseman, phone interview with Kathryn L. McKay, 29 Feb. 2000, notes on file, LARO.HQ.

¹¹³ CODA, "Environmental Assessment, Proposed Rental Boats for Lake Roosevelt, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area" (May 1988), 2, 4; LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998), 15, 27.

¹¹⁴ Taylor Engineering et al., "Lake Roosevelt Spokane Reservation Shoreline Resource Management Plan," [ca. 1989], executive summary, 25-28, LARO.HQ.RMO; CODA, "Briefing Statement — Proposed Concession Operation," 24 Aug. 1989, Briefing Statements notebook, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1994-95: 3, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM. Back in 1969, a consultant had suggested that LARO explore with the STI the idea of developing a concession across from Fort Spokane (Edward G. Roberts, "A Report on the Coulee Dam National Recreation Area" (Sept. 1969), 22, file Archives, Drawer 2, LARO.FS.1107 ).

¹¹⁵ Lawrence E. Cox, DOI Regional Solicitor, to Ralph W. Tarr, DOI Solicitor, 10 July 1987, File A44 Triparty Agreement, LARO.HQ.ADM; Gary J. Kuiper, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Acting Regional Director, 4 April 1986, file A44 Triparty Agreement, LARO.HQ.ADM. Reclamation had a representative at the early meetings concerning the Concession Management Plan (Kelly Cash, former LARO Assistant Superintendent, personal communication to Kathryn L. McKay, 1 March 2001).

¹¹⁶ CCT, NPS, STI, USBR, BIA, "Lake Roosevelt Concession Management Plan" (Jan. 1991), 1, 3, 6-14, file "C," CODA Concessions Management Plan, LARO.HQ.ADM; Kelly Cash, former LARO Assistant Superintendent, personal communication to Kathryn L. McKay, 1 June 2000.

¹¹⁷ Jess Walter, "Progress Threatens Old Ways," Spokesman-Review, 18 Feb. 1991; "Forum Notes from Forum Meeting at Davenport, July 22, 1992," 3, file Lake Roos. Forum, drawer 2, LARO.HQ.RMO; "Lake Roosevelt Forum Hears Plans for Resort," Wilbur Register, 30 July 1992; Gerald Tays, LARO Superintendent, to Lake Roosevelt Coordinating Committee, meeting minutes, 27 July and 5 Aug. 1994, file Multiparty Agrmt April 1990, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dan Wehat, "Colvilles Envision Grand Coulee Casino Complex," Wenatchee World, 6 March 1997.

¹¹⁸ NPS, National Parks for the 21^st Century: The Vail Agenda: Report and Recommendations to the Director of the National Park Service from the Steering Committee of the 75^th Anniversary Symposium. (Washington, D.C.: 1992), 60; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1991: 5, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1992: 9, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹¹⁹ Kelly K. Cash, "Statement for Management, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1992: 18, GMP, Environ. Assessment, etc. notebook, LARO.HQ.CIO; "Operations Evaluation Executive Summary, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area, June 20-24, 1994," 6, file A54 Operations Evaluation 1994-95, LARO.HQ.ADM; NPS, "Columbia Cascades Cluster 1995 Workplan, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 26 June and 30 Nov. 1995: 19, file A54 CODA Supt. Goals 1992-, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Visitor Guide: Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area," 1998: 8.

¹²⁰ LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998): 161; Kelly K. Cash, LARO Assistant Superintendent, to Dianne Croal and Gordon Atkins, NPS Regional Office, 24 Aug. 1994, file Meeting with Nethercutt, LARO.HQ.SUP; Charles Odegaard, NPS Regional Director, to Thomas S. Foley, U.S. House of Representatives, 22 Aug. 1994, file Meeting with Nethercutt, LARO.HQ.SUP. The rocky bottom material dredged from the Kettle Falls harbor in 1985 and 1991 was given to the Washington Department of Transportation (Kelly Cash, former LARO Assistant Superintendent, personal communication to Kathryn L. McKay, 1 March 2001).

¹²¹ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1994-95: 4, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM; Ed Wimberly, President Lake Roosevelt Vacations, to Gerald Tays, LARO Superintendent, 2 Sept. 1994, file Meeting with Nethercutt, LARO.HQ.SUP; LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998), 15, 28.

¹²² W. N. Dunlop, DOI Field Solicitor Boise, to USBR Regional Director, 1 July 1985, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; Greg W. Behrens and Phillip J. Hansen, "Geology and Related Construction Problems of the Grand Coulee Dam Project," pp. 357-69 in N. L. Joseph et al., eds., Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas (Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Information Circular No. 86, 1989), 366 ; CODA, "Environmental Assessment: Crescent Bay Development," Oct. 1984: 17, file Crescent Bay EA, drawer 1, LARO.HQ.RMO; Hu Blonk, Behind the By-line Hu: A Feisty Newsman's Memoirs (Wenatchee, Wash.: 1992), 146-47; table of contents, Gold Historian 2 (Aug. 31, 1981): I; Denver Service Center, "Special Design Study: Development Concept Plan, Crescent Bay, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area" (NPS, April 1978), 6, file Special Design Study 1978, box 3, LARO.HQ.USA; Herbert Maier, NPS Acting Regional Director, to Claude E. Greider, NPS Recreation Planner, file D18 Planning Program, closed 6/3/53, LARO.HQ.ADM; Philip Kearney, NPS Landscape Architect, to NPS Regional Director, 6 Feb. 1942, file 1, box 2, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

¹²³ "Factors Affecting Recreational Development and Use," 4 Feb. 1948 (draft Master Plan Development Outline), 36-37, file D18 Planning Program, closed 6/3/53, LARO.HQ.ADM; Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 13 Dec. 1948, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; CODA, "Coulee Dam Recreational Area Master Plan Development Outline" (1948), "Policies and Agreements" section, p. 2, file D18 Master Plan 1948, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

¹²⁴ F. A. Banks, USBR District Manager, to USBR Regional Director, 17 Jan. 1949, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; Newton Drury, NPS Director, to USBR Commissioner, 2 March 1949, file 1, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR.

¹²⁵ Claude E. Greider, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 29 Aug. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Sanford Hill, NPS Assistant Regional Director, Planning and Construction, 11 Sept. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to USBR Acting District Manager, 26 Oct. 1950, file 3, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 28 Nov. 1950, file 1, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Greider to NPS Regional Director, 31 Jan. 1951, file 1, box 7, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; Lawrence C. Merriam, NPS Regional Director, to NPS Director, 25 Sept. 1951, file 1, box 6, RG 079-89-001, NARA-PSR; NPS, "Notice of Approval, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area Prospectus," 12 April 1957, file Coulee Dam National Recreation Area, 1952 to 1969, HFC.

¹²⁶ NPS Regional Director to LARO Superintendent, 7 Dec. 1961, file A44 Tri-Party Agrmt — Crescent Bay, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹²⁷ Homer W. Robinson, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 22 Nov. 1961, file A44 Tri-Party Agrmt — Crescent Bay, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Annual Fishery Resources Narrative Report, 1960," 12 Jan. 1961, file Archives — Fisheries Annual Reports, drawer 2, LARO.FS.1107; USBR Regional Director draft letter to Washington State Game Department, n.d., file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; Robinson to USBR Project Manager, 10 Dec. 1964, file L14 Acquisition & Disposal of Lands 1964-1970, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

¹²⁸ Homer Robinson, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 27 Jan. 1965, file L14 Acquisition & Disposal of Lands 1964-1970, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

¹²⁹ USBR Project Manager to USBR Regional Director, 26 May 1965, file 715 Columbia Basin Project, Administration of Recreational Areas, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, USBR Boise; David Richie, LARO Superintendent, to NPS Regional Director, 1 May 1968, file A55 Agrmt — North Marina, LARO.HQ.ADM; W. E. Rawlings, USBR Project Manager, to LARO Superintendent, 20 Aug. 1968, file A94 3^rd Power Plant: Other Ramifications 1966-76, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

¹³⁰ Kenneth W. Brooks, Grand Coulee Dam Environmental Plan (prepared for USBR, 1968), 61.

¹³¹ "Annual Fishery Resources Narrative Report, 1960," 12 Jan. 1961, file Archives — Fisheries Annual Reports, drawer 2, LARO.FS.1107; CODA, "Annual Aquatic Resources Report for 1969," file N2621 Annual Aquatic Resources Rept., LARO.HQ.ADM; USBR Operations Manager to USBR Regional Director, 3 March 1971, file A94 3^rd Power Plant: Changes in Water Line…1960-74, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; CODA, "Annual Aquatic Resources Report for 1971," file N2621 Annual Aquatic Resources Rept., LARO.HQ.ADM; Arthur C. Hathaway, Assistant Chief, Interpretation & Resource Management, to Files, 3 Jan. 1973, file N2621 Annual Aquatic Resources Rept., LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1975: 11, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹³² William Burgen, LARO Superintendent, to Robert E. Evans, USBR Project Manager, 28 Feb. 1976, file A94 3^rd Power Plant: Other Ramifications 1966-76, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO.

¹³³ CODA, "Interpretive Prospectus: Coulee Dam National Recreation Area" (1975), 4; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1976: 2, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; DSC, "Special Design Study: Development Concept Plan, Crescent Bay, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," April 1978: 9-10, file Special Design Study 1978, box 3, LARO.HQ.USA; William W. Dunmire, LARO Superintendent, to USBR Project Manager, 22 April 1977, file A44 Tri-Party Agrmt — Crescent Bay, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹³⁴ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1978: 2, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1977: 2-3, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; Charles V. Janda, LARO Acting Superintendent, to Hearings Officer, Department of Ecology, 30 May 1980, file N3615 Pollution — Air, LARO.HQ.ADM; R. E. Evans, USBR Project Manager, to LARO Superintendent, 10 Aug. 1977, file 16, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; DSC, "Special Design Study: Development Concept Plan, Crescent Bay, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," April 1978: 23, file Special Design Study 1978, box 3, LARO.HQ.USA; CODA, "General Management Plan" (1980): 29.

¹³⁵ Gary Kuiper, LARO Superintendent, to Sen. Slade Gorton, 6 July 1984, file A38 Public Relations, LARO.HQ.ADM; C. Richard Neely, Senior Attorney for the DOI Regional Solicitor, to NPS Regional Director, 10 Nov. 1982, file Copy - CODA Historical Files #1, LARO.HQ.SUP; Gary Kuiper, "Statement for Management, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area," 1983: 8, file D18 Statements for Management, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹³⁶ Gary Kuiper, LARO Superintendent, to Sen. Slade Gorton, 6 July 1984, file A38 Public Relations, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1984: 6, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; CODA, "Environmental Assessment: Crescent Bay Development," Oct. 1984: 1-4, 25-26, file Crescent Bay EA, drawer 1, LARO.HQ.RMO; Dixon/Carter, "History of the Development of the Crescent Bay Project on Lake Roosevelt at Grand Coulee Dam," July 1989: 3, file Lake Roosevelt, Grant County Commissioners' Office, Ephrata.

¹³⁷ Stanley T. Albright, NPS Associate Director for Park Operations, to NPS Regional Director, 6 Feb. 1985, file 16, box 3 of 3, LARO #95, Cat. #3250, LARO.HQ.PAO; Dixon/Carter, "History of the Development of the Crescent Bay Project on Lake Roosevelt at Grand Coulee Dam," July 1989: 3-5, file Lake Roosevelt, Grant County Commissioners' Office, Ephrata.

¹³⁸ Alan C. Stay, CCT Reservation Attorney, to William Penn Mott, Jr., NPS Director, 4 Sept. 1985, file Environment Misc. — Lake Roosevelt," (1 of 2), box 71, Morrison Coll., WSU.

¹³⁹ Alan C. Stay, CCT Reservation Attorney, to William Penn Mott, Jr., NPS Director, 8 Oct. 1985, file A44 Tri-Party Agreement, LARO.HQ.SUP; Wendell George, Colville Planning Committee, to Gary Kuiper, LARO Superintendent, 7 Dec. 1987, file Colville Confed. Tribes, LARO.HQ.SUP; Dixon/Carter, "History of the Development of the Crescent Bay Project on Lake Roosevelt at Grand Coulee Dam," July 1989: 5-7, file Lake Roosevelt, Grant County Commissioners' Office, Ephrata; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1985: 2, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; Kelly Cash, former LARO Assistant Superintendent, personal communication to Kathryn L. McKay, 1 June 2000.

¹⁴⁰ George M. Davis, Superintendent, Colville Agency, BIA, to USBR Project Manager, 2 Jan. 1986, file A44 Triparty Agreement, LARO.HQ.ADM.

¹⁴¹ Dixon/Carter, "History of the Development of the Crescent Bay Project on Lake Roosevelt at Grand Coulee Dam," July 1989: 7-8, 11, file Lake Roosevelt, Grant County Commissioners' Office, Ephrata; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1987: 9, file H2621 Annual Reports, LARO.HQ.ADM; John Andrist, Omak-Okanogan County Chronicle, 18 May 1988;

¹⁴² CCT, "Summary of Activities on Lake Roosevelt," April 1988: 6-8, file Wilderness — Lake Roosevelt Management plan (1 of 2), box 80, Foley Coll., WSU; Alan C. Stay, CCT Reservation Attorney, to James Green, Army Corps of Engineers, 29 April 1988, file Wilderness — Lake Roosevelt Management Plan (2 of 2), box 80, Foley Coll., WSU; "Colville Tribes Seek Review," Chronicle (Omak), 18 May 1988: 19.

¹⁴³ "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1988: 13, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Report, LARO.HQ.ADM; "Crescent Bay Contract Bounces Back to Dixon/Carter," The Star (Grand Coulee), 30 June 1988; CODA, "Briefing Statement: Concessions Operations," 1989, file A26 Briefing Statements, LARO.HQ.CIO; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1989: 10, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM; Dixon/Carter, "History of the Development of the Crescent Bay Project on Lake Roosevelt at Grand Coulee Dam," July 1989: 8-11, file Lake Roosevelt, Grant County Commissioners' Office, Ephrata.

¹⁴⁴ CODA, "Briefing Statement — Crescent Bay Statement of Requirements," 10 Sept. 1991, Briefing Statements notebook, LARO.HQ.ADM; Jude C. Stensgar, Chairman Colville Business Council, to Gary Kuiper, 1 June 1992, file Colville Confed. Tribes, LARO.HQ.SUP; Daniel R. Brown, "Coulee Dam National Recreation Area: Statement for Interpretation, FY 93," 19, 18 Feb. 1993, file K1817 Interpretive Plan, LARO.HQ.CIO; "Superintendent's Annual Report, CODA," CY1994-95: 9, file A2621 Superintendent's Annual Reports, 1990-, LARO.HQ.ADM. The nonresponsive 1994 bid was submitted by Ed Wimberly.

¹⁴⁵ "Park Service and Colville Tribes Mutually Agree to Terminate Crescent Bay Bid," Tribal Tribune, 31 March 1995; Gerald Tays, interview with Nancy F. Renk, 20 July 2000, Tape 1-A, notes and index on file, LARO.HQ; unsigned letter to Phil Pearl, NPCA Regional Director, 21 May 1996, file Crescent Bay EA, drawer 1, LARO.HQ.RMO; Scott Hunter, "New Law Chokes Crescent Bay," [Grand Coulee] Star, 4 Nov. 1998; Vaughn Baker, LARO Superintendent, email to Kathryn L. McKay, 16 August 2000. According to Tays, many locals approved of the tribes' plans to develop Crescent Bay because the tribes had done such good work with the Seven Bays and Keller Ferry concessions. Some county commissioners, on the other hand, resented the direct negotiations, which they viewed as the government granting preferential rights to Indians. Under the current Concessions Management Act, the tribes could negotiate directly with the Park Service if their request were approved by the NPS Director and the Secretary of the Interior.

¹⁴⁶ "Facilities Inventory, Coulee Dam National Recreation Area, F. Y. 1995," 1, file L3415 NPS Campground Reserv., LARO.HQ.CIO; Daniel R. Brown, "Coulee Dam National Recreation Area — Statement for Interpretation, FY 93," 18 Feb. 1993: 44, file K1817 Interpretive Plan, LARO.HQ.CIO; LARO, Draft General Management Plan (1998), 15, 28, 43.

¹⁴⁷ Kelly Cash, former LARO Assistant Superintendent, personal communication to Kathryn L. McKay, 1 June 2000.

¹⁴⁸ Dashiell phone interview.