Public Use of the
National Park System

Cover

Contents

Foreword

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Conclusions

Footnotes

Public Use of the National Park System (1872-2000) Footnotes

1. David C. Swain, "The Passage of the National Park Service Act of 1916," Wisconsin Magazine of History, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Autumn 1966).

2. Robert Shankland, Steve Mather of the National Parks (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1951), p. 52.

3. Stephen T. Mather, Report of the Director of the National Park Service, 1920, as quoted in Paul Herman Buck, Evolution of the National Park System in the United States (United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1946), p. 59.

4. Bernard DeVoto, "Let's Close the National Parks," Harper s Magazine (October 1953), pp. 49-52.

5. Our Heritage, A Plan for Its Protection and Use, MISSION 66 (National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., n.d.).

6. Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1963).

7. Quoted in William H. Draper, Jr., "Parks--Or More People?", National Parks Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 223 (April 1966). Also see Udall, The Quiet Crisis, for many insights into the story of conservation in the United States.

8. Marion Clawson, "The Crisis in Outdoor Recreation," American Forests, (March, April, 1959).

9. Outdoor Recreation for America (Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, Washington, D.C., 1962).

10. Compilation of the Administrative Policies for the National Parks and National Monuments of Scientific Significance (Natural Area Category) (National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., September 1, 1967).

11. Our Heritage, op. cit.

12. Buck, op. cit., p. 60.

13. National Recreation Survey, ORRRC Study Report 19 (Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, Washington, D.C., 1962).

14. Outdoor Recreation Trends (Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1967).

15. ORRRC Study Report 19, p. 6.

16. Warren A. Johnson, "Over-Use of the National Parks," National Parks Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 241 (October 1967).

17. Participation in Outdoor Recreation: Factors Affecting Demand Among American Adults, ORRRC Study Report 20 (Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, Washington, D.C., 1962).

18. Trends in American Living and Outdoor Recreation, ORRRC Study Report 22 (Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, Washington, D.C., 1962), p. 6.

19. Ibid., p. 109.

20. ORRRC Study Report 20, p. 59.

21. See footnote 10.

22. A Survey of the Public Concerning the National Parks, Princeton, New Jersey, 1955. A mimeographed report from Audience Research, Inc. to the National Park Service.

23. Hans Huth, Nature and the American, Three Centuries of Changing Attitudes (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1957), p. 150.

24. Harlean James, Romance of the National Parks (The Macmillan Company, New York, 1939), p. 75.

25. Michael McCloskey "The Wilderness Act of 1964: Its Background and Meaning," Oregon Law Review, Vol. 45 (June 1966).

26. Shankland, op. cit., Chapter XII.

27. The National Park Wilderness (National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., September 1957).

28. Buck, op. cit., p. 64.

29. Ibid. p. 59.

30. Report with Recommendations from the Committee on Study of Educational Problems in National Parks, January 9, 1929 and November 27, 1929, a printed thirty-page report transmitted to the Secretary of the Interior by Dr. John C. Merriam, Chairman, and members of the Committee.

31. A Proposed Program for Scenic Roads and Parkways (U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1966).

32. Michael McCloskey, op.cit.

33. Buck, op.cit., p. 67.

34. Buck, op. cit., p. 68.

35. Howard R. Stagner, "National Parks--Their Role in Outdoor Recreation," an address before the annual meeting, Society of American Foresters, Atlanta, Georgia, October 24, 1962. Mr. Stagner was Chief Naturalist, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.

36. "Draft Conclusions, Congress on the Spiritual Values of Tourism, Rome, April 18-21, 1967" transmitted with comments by Regional Director Lemuel A. Garrison to Director George B. Hartzog, Jr., June 19, 1967.

37. F.W. Ogilvie, "Tourist Traffic," Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (The Macmillan Company, New York, 1934), Vol. 14, p. 661.

38. J.C. Charlesworth, ed., Leisure in America: Blessing or Curse? (American Academy of Political and Social Science, Philadelphia, 1964).

39. Robert Lee, Religion and Leisure in America (Abingdon Press, Nashville, Tennessee, 1964).

40. "Tomorrow's Traveler," Saturday Review, January 6, 1968.

41. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, A Standard ofAchievement (United Nations Office of Public Information, United Nations, New York, 1963).

42. ORRRC Study Report 22, p. 229.

43. Ibid. p. 230.

44. Ibid. p. 112.

45. United Nations International Tourist Year (United Nations Office of Public Information, July, 1967).

46. Bernard Lemann, The Vieux Carre'--A General Statement (School of Architecture, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1966).

47. Newton B. Drury, Introduction to Freeman Tilden, The National Parks, What They Mean to You and Me, (Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1951).

48. Shankland, op. cit., p. 161.

49. James, op. cit., p. 95. This forms part of an excellent chapter entitled "Prospect: Philosophy of Parks and People."

50. Ibid, pp. 100-101.

51. That the Past Shall Live, the history program of the National Park Service (National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., n.d.), p. 11.

52. ORRRC Study Report 22, p. 104.

53. Freeman Tilden, Interpreting Our Heritage, Principles and Practices for Visitor Services in Parks, Museums and Historic Places (The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1957).

54. Outdoor Recreation Trends (Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1967).

55. Clawson, op. cit., 11.

56. "Projections of Visits to Areas Administered by the National Park Service, 1967-1976," a mimeographed document issued for in-Service use by the Branch of Statistics Analysis, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, April 1967.

57. Compilation of the Administrative Policies for the National Parks and National Monuments of Scientific Significance (Natural Area Category) (National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., September 1, 1967). P. 47.

58. Stewart M. Brandborg, "Statement for Smokies Wilderness Hearing," The Living Wilderness, No. 92 (Spring 1966) p. 24.

59. Wayne N. Aspinall, "Underlying Principles of Wilderness Legislation as I See Them," The Living Wilderness, No. 86 (Spring-Summer 1964) p. 6.

60. Howard, "The People and Wilderness," The Living Wilderness, No. 86 (Spring-Summer 1964), pp. 39-41.

61. Outdoor Recreation for America, op. cit., pp. 95-120

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