CABRILLO The Guns of San Diego Historic Resource Study

1. Cannon Report, Volley 2, Round 33, December 4, 1942.

2. U. S. Army, "Historical Sketch, Harbor Defenses of San Diego," September 15, 1945, Appendix IIB, "History of the Southern California Sector, Western Defense Command." Box 400, U.S. Army Center of Military History, Washington, D.C. When Battery Point Loma was disarmed, circa 1943, the new Battery Humphreys became the alert/examination battery.

3. Lt. Col. L.L. Davis, OCA, November 27, 1941, to CG, 9th CA District, File 665 (San Diego) I, Box 133, OCE, RG77, WNRC; Callaghan, "Fort Rosecrans," p. 236, n. 87; Heitman, Historical Register, 1:173; U.S. Army, "Report of Completed Works, Harbor Defenses of San Diego," ca. 1945, File 600.914, Box 129, OCE, RG 77, WNRC. Characteristics of a 16-inch gun: Maximum range — 48,000 yards at 47° angle of elevation; Effective range — 44,000 yards at 40°52' angle of elevation; Minimum range — 6,000 yards at 1°45' angle of elevation; Field of fire — 145° (because of casemate); Weight of barrel — 146 tons; Weight of cradle — 39 tons; Weight of base ring — 84 tons; Guns — 500 feet apart.

4. Col. P.H. Ottosen, HDSD, ca. October 1942, to AG, WD, File 600.05 (San Diego), Box 128; Col. Edwin C. Kelton, LAD, March 30, 1942, to Ch. of Engineers, File 662 (San Diego), Box 130; "Report of Completed Works," HDSD, File 6.914, Box 129, OCE, RG 77, WNRC.

5. Col. P.H. Ottosen, HDSD, November 2, 1942, File 662 (San Diego), Box 130, OCE, RG 77, WNRC; Millett, Semper Fidelis, pp. 91-112; Callaghan, "Fort Rosecrans," pp. 214, 221, and 233, n. 59. Both batteries continued to serve until replaced by 6-inch Battery Woodward in 1944.

6. Col. John Harry, HDSD, April 30, 1943, to LAD, File 662 (San Diego), Box 130; John T. Martin, San Diego Chamber of Commerce, October 28, 1942, to Sect. of War Stinson, File 600.05 (San Diego), Box 128; "Report of Completed Works," HDSD, File 600914 (HDSD), Box 129, all in OCE, RG 77, WNRC. The 16-inch battery, Construction No. 134, got underway in March 1943, but work was suspended on the uncompleted work in February 1944, never to be resumed. No armament was installed. The proposed name was Gatchell, for a former Fort Rosecrans CO. A ground-covered concrete plotting and switchboard room (PSR) for 134 was constructed to the north of the battery. The concrete structures of Batteries 134, Grant, and the PSR are now used by the Navy for offices and storage. Battery Grant was named after Col. Homer Blackie Grant, CAC, who died in 1939.

7. Col. P.H. Ottosen, HDSD, August 31, 1944, to LAD; "Report of Completed Works," HDSD, File 600.914 (HDSD), both in Box 129, OCE, RG 77, WNRC; Callaghan, "Fort Rosecrans," pp. 221 and 235, n. 82.

8. Col. P.H. Ottosen, HDSD, Report of a Board of Officers, November 23, 1942; and Capt. F.K. Jones, Jr., WD, December 12, 1942, to CO, HDSD, both in File 662 (San Diego), Box 130; and "Report of Completed Works," HDSD, File 600.914 (HDSD), Box 129, all in OCE, RG 77, WNRC. The guns of Battery Fetterman were first placed on North Island, but were moved to Ballast Point at the request of the U. S. Navy. Nothing remains of the three AMTB batteries, although Battery Fetterman survived until 1986, when it was demolished for a parking lot.

9. "History of the Southern California Sector, Western Defense Command.", Lt. Col. Guido O. Fermi, Western Defense Command, Memorandum for G-4, January 31, 1941, Box 25, Western Defense Command, RG 338, WNRC.

10. Ch. of Engineers, radiogram, January 9, 1943, to LAD, File 662 (San Diego), Box 133, OCE, RG 77, WNRC; Appendices to Supplement to the Harbor Defense Project, HDSD, July 1, 1945, Box 118, Adjutant General's Office, Special Projects, Harbor Defense, 1929-1948, RG 407, NA.

11. Col. P.H. Ottosen, HDSD, January 24, 1942, to CG, Western Defense Command, File 665 (San Diego) I, Box 133; and Ottosen, December 14, 1942, to LAD, File 665 (San Diego) III, Box 132, OCE, RG 77, OCE, WNRC. Some signal functions continued in the old lighthouse.

12. Ottosen, June 9, 1942, to CG, Western Defense Command, File 665 (San Diego) II; Maj. Gen. Roger B. Colton, WD, August 10, 1943, to CG, Western Defense Command, File 665 (San Diego) III, Box 132, OCE, RG 77, WNRC.

13. Supplement to the Harbor Defense Project, HDSD 1945, Annex B, RG 407, NA; Col. P.H. Ottosen, HDSD, October 10, 1942, to Ch. of Engineers, File 662 (San Diego), Box 130, OCE, RG 77, WNRC, Suitland.

14. Except where otherwise cited, this section is taken from U. S. Army, "History of the Southern California Sector, Western Defense Command," ca. 1945, Box 400, U.S. Army Center of Military History, Washington, D.C

15. Stetson Conn and Byron Fairchild, The Framework of Hemisphere Defense, United States Army in World War II, The Western Hemisphere (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1960), pp. 356-360; U.S. Army, "History of the Western Defense Command," 5 vols., ca. 1945, vol. 2, Ch. 9, pp. 1-2.

16. Stetson Conn, Rose C. Engleman, and Byron Fairchild, Guarding the United States and Its Outposts, The U.S. Army in World War II, The Western Hemisphere (Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964), p 89.

17. Col. P.H. Ottosen, President, Board of Officers, HDSD, September 10, 1942, and accompanying papers, File 660.113 (San Diego), Box 128, OCE, RG 77, WNRC.

18. Lehmann, Embarrassment of Riches, p. 70.

19. U. S. Army, "Supplement to the Harbor Defense Project, Harbor Defenses of San Diego," 1945, Box 118, The Adjutant General's Office, Special Projects — Harbor Defense, 1929-1948, RG 407, NA.