Mormon Pioneer Historic Resource Study

COVER

PREFACE

Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION

The Mormon Trail in Historic Perspective
Sketch of Mormon History: 1830-1846
Mormon Beliefs
Growing Interest in the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail
Name of the Trail
Mormon Motivation
The Perpetual Emigration Fund
Trail Experience in Mormon History
Reading, Interpreting and Protecting Trail Ruts

Chapter 2 - THE TRAIL EXPERIENCE

The Great Trek: General Comments
Points of Departure and Time Periods
Wagons, Draft Animals, Speed of Travel
Communication
Problems of Illness, Stress, Privacy, and Traveling
Routine, Rules, Discipline, Constitutions
Trail Larder
Women Emigrants
Little Emigrants, Children
Indian Relations
Blacks on the Trail
Foreign Mormon Emigrants
Non-Mormons on the Trail
Mormon Interest in the Far West to 1846
Western Travel Accounts Consulted by the Mormons
Western Maps Consulted by the Mormons
Western Travelers Consulted by the Mormons
Mormons and the Environment

Chapter 3 - ACROSS IOWA IN 1846

Leaving Nauvoo
Trek Commences/Difficulties/Skills Learned
Organization Improved
"Come, Come Ye Saints" Composed
Garden Grove Established
Mount Pisgah Established
Council Bluffs Reached

Chapter 4 - COUNCIL BLUFFS AND WINTER QUARTERS: 1846-1847

Council Bluffs General Area
Mormon Camps and Communities
Indian Relations
The Mormon Battalion
Camps West of Missouri River
    Cold Spring and Cutler's Park
    Winter Quarters
Mormons and Trail-Side Services
Winter Quarters Abandoned

Chapter 5 - THE PIONEER TREK OF 1847

Preparation
Organization
Scientific Instruments and Observations
Staging Ground
1847 Trek Begins
The Trail/Divisions and Topography
    Part I, Winter Quarters to Kearney, Nebraska
    Part II, Kearney to Fort Laramie
    Part III, Fort Laramie to Fort Bridger
    Part IV, Fort Bridger to Valley of the Great Salt Lake
Establishment of a Colony and Return to Winter Quarters

Chapter 6 - MORMON EMIGRANTS: 1848-1868

General Comments
Wagon Emigrants, 1848-1860
    Canal Boats, Lake Boats, and Riverboats
The Handcart Emigrants, 1856-1860
    The Brigham Young Express Company, 1856-1857
Church Team Emigrants, 1860-1868
"Rail and Trail" Pioneers: 1856-1868
Trail Preservation and Marking
Suggestions for Further Research on the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail

Chapter 7 - HISTORIC SITES ALONG THE MORMON PIONEER NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL

Recommendations to the National Register
Illinois
Iowa
    Kanesville/Council Bluffs Area
Nebraska
    Winter Quarters Area Historic Sites
Wyoming
Utah

ENDNOTES

APPENDIX A: Maps

1. New York Saints Trail, 1831
2. Zion's Camp Trail, 1834
3. The Fremont-Preuss Map, 1843
4. S.A. Mitchell's New Map of Texas, Oregon, and California, 1846
5. Major S.H. Long's 1823 Map of the Country Drained by the Mississippi
6. Mormon Trail Across Iowa, 1846
7. Mormon Trail Across Nebraska, 1847
8. Mormon Trail Across Wyoming, 1847
9. Mormon Trail In Utah, 1847
10. The Handcart Trail Across Iowa, 1855-1857
11. The Nebraska City Cutoff Trail, 1864-1866
12. The Overland-Bridger Pass Trail, 1862-1868
13. Sketch Map of Council Bluffs-Winter Quarters Area, 1846-1853
14. Sketch Map of Winter Quarters, 1846-1847
15. National Trails System, 1986

APPENDIX B: Documents

1. Bill of Particulars, 1845
2. Mormon Hymn, "Come, Come Ye Saints"
3. Roster of Pioneer Camp, 1847
4. "The Word and Will of the Lord" to Brigham Young, 1847
5. Andrew Jenson's Tabulation of the Number of Mormon Emigrants by Year
6. Pioneer Companies That Crossed the Plains, 1847-1868

APPENDIX C: Biographical Sketches

1. Eliza Roxcy Snow
2. Patty Bartlett Sessions
3. Brigham Young
4. Heber Chase Kimball
5. Parley Parker Pratt
6. Peter Haws
7. John Taylor
8. George Miller
9. William Clayton
10. Orson Pratt
11. Wilford Woodruff

APPENDIX D: Illustrations

1. Bone Mail
2. Eliza Roxcy Snow
3. Patty Bartlett Sessions
4. Brigham Young, 1853
5. 1846 Exodus from Nauvoo
6. Heber C. Kimball, 1853
7. Parley Parker Pratt
8. John Taylor, 1853
9. William Clayton
10. Garden Grove, Iowa
11. Peter Hansen's Drawing of Mount Pisgah, Iowa, 1846
12. Mormon Trail Ruts, Adair County, Iowa
13. Council Bluffs, Iowa, 1853
14. Peter Hansen's Drawing of Cutler's Park, Nebraska, 1846
15. Winter Quarters' Cemetery, Nebraska
16. Orson Pratt
17. Loup River, 1853
18. Win. Clayton's Emigrants' Guide, 1848
19. Sand Hill Trail Ruts, Nebraska
20. Ancient Ruins Bluffs, Nebraska
21. Rebecca Winter's Grave, Nebraska
22. Laramie's Peak, Wyoming
23. Mexican Hill, Wyoming
24. Guernsey Ruts, Wyoming
25. Devil's Gate, Wyoming
26. Martin's Cove Handcart Site, Wyoming
27. Split Rock Ruts, Wyoming
28. Willie's Handcart Site, Wyoming
29. Church Butte, Wyoming
30. Fort Bridger, Wyoming
31. Cache Cave, Utah
32. Mormon Emigrants in Echo Canyon, Utah, 1860
33. Mormon Emigrant Company in Echo Canyon, Utah, 1867
34. Wilford Woodruff
35. Handcart Family

BIBLIOGRAPHY