OLYMPIC Historic Resource Study

COVER

FOREWORD

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

INTRODUCTION

I. UNKNOWN NO LONGER: EXPLORATION

Early European Coastal Exploration
Early American Coastal Exploration
Interior Exploration
     Early Reports
     Watkinson Expedition
     Smith Expeditions
     First O'Neil Expedition
     Press Expedition
     Gilman Expeditions
     Second O'Neil Expedition
     Wickersham Expedition
     Higley Expedition
     Prospectors, Scientists and Recreation Hikers
     Dodwell-Rixon Survey
     Early Mountainering and Scientific Expeditions
Conclusions and Recommendations
References Cited

II. HARD WORK AND SHATTERED DREAMS: SETTLEMENT

Permanent Settlement on the Peninsula
Areas of Settlement
     Coastal Settlement
     Ozette Lake and Vicinity
     Morse and Ennis Creek Drainages
     Elwha River Drainage
     Lake Crescent
     Soleduck River Drainage
     Bogachiel River Drainage
     Hoh River Drainage
     Queets River Drainage      Quinault River Drainage
     Eastern River Drainages
Conclusions and Recommendations
References Cited

III. SKID ROADS AND SLUICE BOXES: COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

Timber Exploitation
     Early Peninsula Logging
     Railroad Logging
     Dodwell-Rixon Survey
     Escalation of the Logging Industry
     Spruce Production Division
     Logging on Public Land
     Logging in Olympic National Park
Mineral Exploitation
     Early Reports of Mineral Wealth
     O'Neil and Gilman Accounts
     Prospecting Reports in the 1890s
     Mining on Park Land
     Elwha River Mining
     Little River/Hurricane Ridge Mining
     Lake Crescent Mining
     North Fork Skokomish Mining
     World War II Demands for Manganese
     Gold on the Coast
     Black Gold and Natural Gas on the West Slope
Conclusions and Recommendations
References Cited

IV. WILD AND QUIET PLACES: RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Early Visions of a National Park
The Olympic Wilderness
Inroads into the Wilderness
Perpetuating the Wilderness
Popular Recreational Activities in the Olympics
     Hunting
     Fishing
     Hiking and Mountaineering
     Skiing
Recreational Development on the Pacific Coast
Areas of Resort Development
     Lake Crescent
     Sol Duc Hot Springs
     Olympic Hot Springs
     Elwha River
     Heart O'the Hills
     North Fork Skokomish River
     Interior Mountains
     Quinault Lake
     Queets River
     Coastal Strip/Ozette Lake
Conclusions and Recommendations
References Cited

V. PUTTING THE UNEMPLOYED TO WORK: DEPRESSION YEARS AND FEDERAL RELIEF PROGRAMS

Roosevelt's Economic Relief Programs
The Civilian Conservation Corps
     Camp Elwha
     Camp Snider
     Camp Cushman
Park Development
     Camp Elwha
     Camp Quinault
PWA and WPA
     Park Headquarters
     Additional PWA Projects
Conclusions and Recommendations
References Cited

VI. MOBILIZED FOR WAR: WORLD WAR II MILITARY INVOLVEMENT

Outbreak of War
Northwest Sea Frontier
Coastal Lookout System
     Ozette Lake Coast Guard Station
     La Push Beach Patrol Station
     Kalaloch Beach Patrol Station
Aircraft Warning Service
Japanese Incendiary Balloons
Conclusions and Recommendations
References Cited

FINAL CONCLUSION

APPENDIX A: A Chronology of the Public Domain

APPENDIX B: Extant Buildings Grouped by Historic Themes

BIBLIOGRAPHY