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Forest Trail Handbook
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I.—Policy and general instructions
Relative needs
Progress
The job
Place of Forest Officers
Use of handbook
Purposes of trails
Standards
Maintenance policy
Selection of project
Trail crews as fire fighters
Plows and scrapers
Trail plans
Trail classification
Trail location
Cost estimates
Size and organization of crews
Camps
Standards for way trails
Standards for secondary and primary trails
Staking
Grades
Clearing on secondary and primary trails
Brush disposal
Width of trail
Rock slides
Turnouts
Back slopes
Switch-backs
Rock walls
Drainage
Open ditches
Water bars
Culverts
Corduroy
Fords
Blazing
Sign posting
SECTION VIII.—Miscellaneous practices
Practice
Policy
Classification
Specifications for construction apply in maintenance
Maintenance season
Organization for maintenance
Ordinary
Extraordinary
Decrease of extraordinary maintenance
Maintenance units
Dangerous places
Relocating
Improving grades on broad ridges
Removal of obstacles from the tread
Frequency of maintenance
Location
Stringer bridges
Truss bridges
Bridge inspection
Tools and equipment
Supplemental Instruction for Treatment of Recreation Trails
Index (omitted from the online edition)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 2.—Trails constructed from marked and unmarked grade lines
Fig. 3.—Showing trail on top of a ridge
Fig. 4.—When not to remove stumps
Fig. 5.—How to measure width of trail
Fig. 6.—Cross section of typical trail on slopes between 30 and 85 percent
Fig. 7.—Cross section of typical trail on slopes between 85 and 185 percent
Fig. 8.—Trail construction around bluffs
Fig. 9.—Type of trail suited to regions of heavy rains
Fig. 10.—Inapplicable construction in Southwest
Fig. 11.—Trail on rubble consisting of small rocks
Fig. 12.—Trail on rubble consisting of large rocks
Fig. 13.—Economical method of clearing for pack and stirrup
Fig. 14.—Desirable width of turn and guard rail
Fig. 15.—Rock wall to prevent cross cutting on turns
Fig. 16.—Building a rock wall
Fig. 17.—Trail provided with drainage ditch
Fig. 18.—Profile of grade line at water bars
Fig. 19.—Section of trail showing water break log
Fig. 20.—Trails across arroyos, draws and ravines
Fig. 21.—Trail on flat soft wet ground
Fig. 22.—Section of split corduroy
Fig. 23.—Views of ordinary sill and stringer corduroy
Fig. 24.—Trail blaze
Fig. 25.—Trail blaze
Fig. 26.—Example of careless practice in placing signs
Fig. 27.—Neatly placed signs
Fig. 28.—Example of duplication in placing signs
Fig. 29.—Sign board posts
Fig. 30.—Abandonment of existing trails on side hills
Fig. 31.—Abandonment of existing trails on ridges
Fig. 32.—Improving grade on flat ridge
Fig. 33.—Stringer bridge
Fig. 34.—King truss bridge
Fig. 35.—Log stringer bridge, foot trail, 10- to 60-foot span
Fig. 36.—Double log girder bridge, foot trail, 50- to 90-foot span
Fig. 37.—Log stringer bridge, horse trail, 10- to 50-foot span
Fig. 38.—Double log girder bridge, horse trail, 50- to 90-foot span
Fig. 39.—Timber Howe truss, horse trail, 50-, 60- and 70-foot span
Fig. 40.—Timber Howe truss, horse trail, 80-, 90- and 100-foot span
Fig. 41.—Suspension bridge, foot and horse trail, 60- to 400-foot span, sheet 1
Fig. 42.—Suspension bridge, foot and horse trail, 60- to 400-foot span, sheet 2
Fig. 43.—Design of log crib pier, rock filled
Fig. 44.—Trail drag
LIST OF TABLES
2.—Permissible grades over 15 percent on trails
3.—Width of ways and trails
4.—Marking systems
5.—Minimum dimensions for stringers for spans up to 36 feet
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forest-trail-handbook/contents.htm Last Updated: 04-Jan-2010 |