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MESA VERDE
The Archeological Survey of Wetherill Mesa Mesa Verde National Park—Colorado |
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CONTENTS
A PROLOGUE TO THE PROJECT—DOUGLAS OSBORNE
The Broad Plan of Approach
The Project in Diagram Form
The Geological and Physiographic Background
THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WETHERILL MESA—ALDEN C. HAYES
Purpose of the Survey and Methods of Work
Terrain
Previous Archeological Work on Wetherill Mesa
Site Data
Ceramics
Conservation of Soil and Water
Chapin Gray
Moccasin Gray
Mancos Gray
Mancos Corrugated
Mesa Verde Corrugated
Hovenweep Corrugated
La Plata Black-on-white
Piedra Black-on-white
Cortez Black-on-white
Mancos Black-on-white
Wetherill Black-on-white
McElmo Black-on-white
Mesa Verde Black-on-white
Summary, Black-on-whites
San Juan Redware
Miscellaneous
Trade Wares
Phase Development
Miscellaneous Observations
La Plata Phase
Piedra Phase
Ackmen Phase
Mancos Phase
McElmo Phase
Mesa Verde Phase
Summary
Smaller Collections
Ceremonial Sites
Shrines
Fireboxes
Steps
Pictographs
Recent Sites
Wood
Textiles
Stone
Bone
Food Plants
Tree Ring Specimens
References
Table 10: Site Data (PDF)
Sectional Maps in Detail (omitted from the online edition)
LIST OF FIGURES
0b. The Project Wheel.
0c. North Scarp of Mesa Verde.
0d. Entering cliff-side ruin by rope.
1. Reaching cave by toe- and hand-holds.
2. Reaching site by steel rope ladder.
3. Entering site on rappel from top of cliff.
4. Transmitter and radio direction finder.
0e. Wetherill Mesa, looking south.
5. Rock Canyon separates Wetherill Mesa and Wildhorse Mesa.
6. Burn area of 1934.
7. Typical forest cover encroaches on house rubble, Site 1569.
0f. John Wetherill, 1891
8. North scarp of Wetherill Mesa showing Long Spur. Kodak House.
0d. In the early 1890's, Nordenskiold gave these ruins the name Kodak House, because of the expedition's practice of caching their camera in one of the rooms. Site 212.
0h. Recording site data.
9. Surface indications of Pueblo I house.
10. Rough masonry and adobe of Pueblo II and III site.
11. Upright slabs from Pueblo I and II sites.
12. Megalithic slabs.
13. Scabbled stone wall supported by megalithic slabs.
14. Dry-laid wall.
15. Unshaped rock and spalled adobe wall.
16. Rough wall.
17. Scabbled stone wall in "chipped edge" style.
18. Scabbled stone wall in Bobcat Canyon.
19. Scabbled masonry approaching the classic style.
20. Finished masonry in classic wall of tower on Wildhorse Mesa.
21. Wall detail showing classic finished masonry of Pueblo III.
22. Finished stone with ground surfaces.
23. Corner of doorway shaped to receive door slab.
24. Closeup of wall in figure 23, showing classic Pueblo III style.
25. Exposed section of compound wall.
0i. Pottery sorting tables.
26. Chapin Gray rim forms.
27. Moccasin and Mancos Gray sherds.
28. Moccasin Gray rim forms.
29. Mancos Corrugated sherds.
30. Corrugated rim sherds with painted designs inside the rim.
31. Mancos Corrugated jar.
32. Mancos Corrugated jar.
33. Mancos Corrugated rim forms.
34. Mesa Verde Corrugated sherds.
35. Mesa Verde Corrugated jar.
36. Mesa Verde Corrugated jar.
37. Mesa Verde Corrugated rim forms.
38. La Plata Black-on-white rim forms.
39. La Plata and Piedra Black-on-white sherds.
40. Cortez Black-on-white bowl and pitcher.
41. Cortez Black-on-white rim forms.
42. Cortez Black-on-white sherds.
43. Mancos Black-on-white vessels.
44. Mancos Black-on-white mug.
45. Mancos Black-on-white rim forms.
46. Mancos Black-on-white sherds.
47. Mancos Black-on-white pitcher.
48. Mancos Black-on-white bowl.
49. Mancos Black-on-white bowl and pitcher in carbon paint.
50. McElmo Black-on-white bowl.
51. McElmo Black-on-white jar with remnants of yucca leaf sling.
52. McElmo Black-on-white bowls.
53. Wetherill Black-on-white rim forms.
54. Wetherill Black-on-white sherds.
55. McElmo Black-on-white sherds.
56. McElmo Black-on-white rim forms.
57. Mesa Verde Black-on-white howl.
58. Mesa Verde Black-on-white jar.
59. Mesa Verde Black-on-white mugs from ruins near Cortez, Colo.
60. Mesa Verde Black-on-white rim forms.
61. Mesa Verde Black-on-white sherds.
62. Sherds of San Juan Redware, Abajo, and Bluff or La Plata.
63. Miscellaneous sherds.
64. Four check dams in Rock Springs Canyon.
65. Terrace on talus slope in Long Canyon.
66. Sketch map of check dams at Site 1444, near Kodak House.
67. Sketch map of agricultural terraces on talus in Bobcat Canyon.
68. Possible boundary-marking stones. Site 1404.
69. Sketch map of check dams and terraces in Bobcat Canyon.
70. Sketch map of large terrace in Long House-Rock Canyon area. Site 1316.
71. Exploratory pits exposing sections of check dams. Site 1539.
72. One of a series of 25 check dams. Site 1539.
0j. Terrace in Long Canyon. Site 1361.
0k. Site 1454 in Horse Canyon.
73. Sketch map of a Piedra Phase site. Site 2022.
74. Sketch map of an Ackmen Phase pueblo. Site 1597.
75. Sketch map of an Ackmen Phase site. Site 1399.
76. Sketch map of an Ackmen Phase pueblo. Site 1626.
77. Sketch map of a Mancos Phase pueblo. Site 1633.
78. Sketch map of a Mancos Phase site. Site 1141.
79. Sketch map of a small Mancos Phase house. Site 1734.
80. Sketch map of a Mancos Phase cliff dwelling. Site 1706.
81. Room at west end of Site 1706.
82. McElmo Phase sites.
83. A three-story tower. Site 1138.
84. Tower at small pueblo. Site 1139.
85. Remains of square tower. Site 1253.
86. Cliff dwelling in Rock Canyon. Site 1207.
87. Mesa Verde Phase cliff dwelling. Site 1218.
88. Mesa Verde Phase cliff dwelling. Site 1221.
89. Nordenskiold's Ruin 12, on west side of Wetherill Mesa.
90. Three Mesa Verde Phase sites.
91. Cliff dwelling in Long Canyon. Site 1446.
92. Storage bin in room corner. Site 1446.
93. Timber joists for support of floor and wall. Site 1365.
94. Timber supporting a wall. Site 1321.
0l. Tower at Site 1138.
95. Site 1195 in Long Canyon.
96. Sketch map of Site 1195.
97. Stone monuments on cliff edge.
98. Two of five monuments on cliff edge.
99. Sketch of stone monuments. Site 1213.
100. Rock monument on cliff ledge in Long Canyon. Site 1422.
101. Groove pecked into bedrock of watercourse. Site 1588.
102. Slab-lined firebox, showing burned stones in bottom. Site 1231.
103. Sketches of firebox. Site 1871.
104. Vault made in colluvial boulder. Site 1427.
105. Site 1427 after excavation.
106. Interior view of vault. Site 1427.
107. Steps carved in bedrock below Jug House.
108. Handprints on cliff face. Site 1341.
109. Mountain sheep painted on plaster in Double House.
110. Anthropomorphic pictographs.
111. Zigzag pattern painted on cave wall. Site 1227.
112. "Tadpoles" in mud on cliff face. Site 1341.
113. Recent Navajo sweat lodge.
0m. Drawing textile patterns in laboratory.
114. Digging sticks.
115. Doorway with digging stick used as false lintel. Site 1221.
116. Wooden dishes.
117. Metate bins. Site 1365.
118. Possible cradleboard piece and part of lapboard.
119. Sandal with toe-strings. Site 1370.
120. Mended sandal. From Site 1382.
121. Pressure flaked tools.
122. Pecked and polished stone tools.
LIST OF TABLES
2 Changes in emphasis in gray wares
3 Correlation of various systems of Mesa Verde pottery classification
4 Changes in black-on-white pottery
5 Exotic sherd types from Wetherill Mesa survey with estimated period of manufacture
6 Correlation of various period and phase systems devised for the Mesa Verde area
7 Changing preference for homesites, in percentage
8 Sites by phase and location with estimated room numbers
9 Dated wood specimens collected by the survey
10 Site data (Appendix) (PDF)
LIST OF MAPS
2 Mesa Verde National Park
3 Archeological sites
4 Agricultural sites
5 La Plata and Piedra Phase sites
6 Ackmen Phase sites
7 Mancos Phase sites
8 McElmo Phase sites
9 Mesa Verde Phase sites
APPENDIX
CONTRIBUTIONS
This publication is Contribution 3 of the Wetherill Mesa Archeological Project. Other contributions, as of September 1964, are:
1. Fixing Site Locations by Radio Direction Finder at Mesa Verde. Alden Hayes and Douglas Osborne. American Antiquity, vol. 27, no. 1, July 1961.
2. Quercus Ajoensis in Colorado. James Erdman, William Weber, and John M. Tucker. The Southwestern Naturalist 7 (3-4); 269-270, December 1962.
4. Annotated Checklist of the Plants of Mesa Verde, Colorado. Stanley L. Welsh and James A. Erdman. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, vol. IV, no. 12, April 1964.
5. Apache Pocket Mouse Found in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. Charles L. Douglas. The Southwestern Naturalist, vol. 8, no. 3, November 1963.
This publication is one of a series of research studies devoted to specialized topics which have been explored in connection with the various areas in the National Park System.
United States Department of the Interior
Stewart L. Udall, Secretary
National Park Service
George B. Hartzog, Jr., Director
ADMINISTRATION
Mesa Verde National Park, established in 1906, and containing 52,074 acres, is administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.
The National Park System, of which this area is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and inspiration of its people.
A superintendent, whose address is Mesa Verde National Park, Colo. 81330, is in immediate charge of the park.
AMERICA'S NATURAL RESOURCES
Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—America's Department of Natural Resources—is concerned with the management, conservation, and development of the Nation's water, wildlife, mineral, forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has major responsibilities for Indian and territorial affairs.
As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department works to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and used wisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved for the future, and that renewable resources make their full contribution to the progress, prosperity, and security of the United States—now and in the future.
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Last Updated: 16-Jan-2007