Like a mirage, dazzling white sand dunes shimmer in the
tucked-away Tularosa Basin in southern New Mexico. They shift and settle over
the Chihuahuan Desert, covering 275 square milesthe largest gypsum
dunefield in the world. White Sands National Monument preserves more than half
of this oasis, its shallow water supply, and the plants and animals living
here.
Como un espejismo, las deslumbrantes dunas de arenas
blancas brillan, enclavadas en la cuenca de Tularosa al sur de Nuevo México. Se
mueven y se asientan sobre esta porción del desierto chihuahuense, cubriendo 700
kilómetros cuadradossiendo las dunas de yeso más grandes del mundo. White
Sands National Monument conserva más de la mitad de este oasis, su suministro de
aguas poco profundas y las plantas y los animales que ahí habitan.
Paths to Survival / Estrategias de supervivencia
GROW FAST
Sand verbena survives because it flowers and disperses seeds in one growing
season. It also quickly spreads shallow roots. New plants emerge as passing
dunes bury older plants.
CRECER RÁIDO
La verbena sobrevive porque florece y dispersa sus semillas en una sola
temporada de crecimiento. También extiende raíces adventicias poco profundas.
Las plantas jóvenes emergen mientras las dunas mueven y entierran a las verbenas
viejas.
CHANGE COLORS
The bleached earless lizard and Apache pocket mouse are a lighter color than the
same species in the nearby desert. Their lighter color reflects heat, which
keeps them cooler and hides them better.
CAMBIAR DE COLOR
Las chivitas de lluvia y los ratones de abazones que viven dentro de las dunas
tienen un color más claro que los ejemplares de la misma especie que viven fuera
de este ecosistema. Su coloración más clara refleja el calor, los mantiene más
frescos y los oculta mejor.
GO OUT AT NIGHT
A motion-detecting camera shows a kit fox in action, maybe chasing a mouse. Like
many desert animals, the fox comes out at night when the air is cooler. Look for
its tracks during the day.
SALIR DE NOCHE
Una camara de detección de movimiento muestra a esta zorrita del desierto en
acción, tal vez siguiendo a un ratón. Como muchos animales del desierto, la
zorrita sale de noche cuando el aire es más fresco. Busque sus huellas durante
el día.
GROW TALL
As sand buries a soaptree yucca, its stem grows longer to keep new leaves above
the sand. But after the dune moves on, an exposed yucca like the one above will
soon fall over and die.
CRECER ALTO
El tallo del cortadillo crece más largo para mantener las hojas nuevas por
encima de la arena según la duna lo va enterrando. Pero una vez que la duna se
mueve, un cortadillo expuesta, como la de arriba, pronto caerá y morirá.
HOLD ON
A few shrubs like skunkbush sumac grow dense, deep roots that help form a
pedestal after the dune moves on. Kit foxes dig their dens in pedestals; other
animals find shelter here too.
SOSTENERSE
Unos cuantos arbustos, como el lambrisco, tienen raíces densas y profundas que
les ayudan a formar un pedestal una vez que se desplazan las dunas. Las zorritas
del desierto cavan sus madrigueras en estos pedestales. Otros animales
encuentran aquí un refugio.
People of the Tularosa Basin / Los habitantes de la cuenca
de Tularosa
People arrived in the Tularosa Basin after the last ice age
ended 11,000 years ago. The Jornada Mogollon were the first to farm the area,
and lived here until drought forced them out in the 1300s. American Indians
returned in the 1600s and European Americans came in the late 1800s. Soon the
railroad rolled inand so did settlers. Residents of Alamogordo promoted
the idea of White Sands National Monument, which President Herbert Hoover
proclaimed in 1933. During World War II, the US military tested weapons in the
dunefield beyond the park. In 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated at
Trinity Site, 100 miles north of here.
Los primeros pobladores llegaron despues de que terminó la
ultima era de hielo hace 11,000 años. La gente de la cultura llamada Jornada
Mogollón fueron los primeros agricultores. Vivieron aquí hasta que la sequía los
forzó a emigrar durante el siglo XIV. Los indígenas regresaron en el siglo XVII
y los euro-americanos arribaron a finales del siglo XIX. Pronto llegó el
ferrocarril y con él, los pobladores. Fueron los residentes de Alamogordo
quienes promovieron la idea del White Sands National Monument, el cual fue
establecido en 1933 por el presidente Herbert Hoover. Durante la Segunda Guerra
Mundial, el ejército estadounidense probó armas en el área de dunas que está
fuera de los limites del parque nacional. En 1945, la primera bomba atómica fue
detonada en el lugar "Trinity Site", 160 kilómetros al norte de aquí.
Exploring White Sands / Exploración de White Sands
The Why of White Sands
GYPSUM FROM AN ANCIENT SEA
When the Permian Sea retreated millions of years ago, it left behind deep layers
of gypsum. Mountains rose and carried the gypsum high. Later, water from melting
glaciers dissolved the mineral and returned it to the basin. Today, rain and
snow continue the process.
WIND AND WATER POWER
For thousands of years in shallow lakes like Lake Lucero, wind and sun have
separated the water from the gypsum and formed selenite crystals. Wind and water
break down the crystals making them smaller and smaller until they are sand.
Steady, strong southwest winds keep gypsum sand moving, piling it up and pushing
dunes into various shapes and sizes.
GLLUE FROM BELOW
Beneath your feet is the glue that holds this vast dunefield
togetherwater, inches below the surface. Compared to other dune types,
gypsum dunes remain moist during the longest droughts. This moisture prevents
the dunes from blowing away. Water becomes older and saltier toward the center
of the dunefield. Scientists are working to understand this change and other
phenomena of this shimmering land.
La evolución de White Sands
YESO DE UN MAR PREHISTÓRICO
Cuando disminuyeron las aguas del mar en el periodo pérmico, hace millones de
años, dejaron tras de sí profundas capas de yeso. Despues las montañas se
empezaron a elevar, y con ellas, el yeso. Posteriormente, el agua del deshielo
de glaciares disolvió el mineral y lo regresó a la cuenca. Hoy, la lluvia y la
nieve continúan el proceso.
EL VIENTO Y EL AGUA
Durante miles de años en lagunas poco profundas como lago Lucero, el viento y el
soi nan separado ai agua dei yeso, formándose así cristales de selenita. El
viento y el agua rompen los cristales haciéndolos cada vez más pequeños hasta
que se convierten en arena. Los constantes y fuertes vientos del suroeste
mantienen en movimiento a la arena de yeso, acumulándola y forzando las dunas a
que tomen diversas formasy tamaños.
INSÓLITO PEGAMENTO
Bajo sus pies se encuentra una especie de "pegamento" que mantiene unidas estas
enormes dunasei aguaa tan soio centimetros de la superficie.
Comparadas con otros tipos de dunas, las dunas de yeso permanecen húmedas
durante las más largas sequías. Esta humedad evita que se las lleve el viento.
El agua se torna más añeja y salada hacia el centro de las dunas. Los
cientificos siguen sus investigaciones para entender este cambio y otros
fenómenos de esta tierra resplandeciente.
Surprising Sand / Arenas sorprendentes
Gypsum dunes are firmer and cooler than other types of
dunes. Many people enjoy sledding on these unusual dunes.
Las dunas de yeso son más firmes y frescas que otros tipos
de dunas. Muchas personas desfrutan deslizarse en trineo.
Plan Your Visit
(click for larger map)
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The entrance to White Sands National Monument is on US 70,
15 miles southwest of Alamogordo and 54 miles east of Las Cruces. Camping and
lodging are available in Alamogordo and nearby areas. Ask at the visitor center
about backcountry camping.
At the visitor center, view exhibits and a movie about the
monument. Ask about park programs and ranger-led activities, and visit the
bookstore and gift shop.
The visiter center is the only place to fill water
containers.
Follow Dunes Drive into the heart of the dunes. Roadside
exhibits and self-guiding trails show you secrets of the white sands. Relax at
the picnic areas, which have shade, tables, grills, and restroomsbut no
water.
Accessibility
We strive to make our facilities, services, and programs accessible to all. For
information go to the visitor center, ask a ranger, call, or check our
website.
For a Safe Visit
Always keep landmarks in sightdon't get lost! • Carry water, even
when walking a short distance. No water is available beyond the visitor center.
• Wear sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat. • Do not tunnel into dunes;
they can collapse and suffocate you. • Sled away from road. • Watch
out for heavy traffic in picnic areas. • Lock your vehicle and keep
belongings out of sight.
Regulations
Federal law protects all archeological and natural objects. • Pets must be
leashed. • Do not drive or park on dunes or interdunal areas. • For
firearms regulations see the park website.
Closed During Testing
White Sands Missile Range surrounds the monument. For public safety, the
monument and US 70 between the monument and Las Cruces may be closed during
missile range tests. Closures average twice a week for one to two hours. The
National Park Service and the Department of Defense appreciate your cooperation
and patience.
Emergencies call 911
Información para su visita
La entrada está en la autopista US 70, 24 km al suroeste de
Alamogordo y 86 km al este de Las Cruces. Busque alojamiento o camping en
Alamogordo.
En el centro de visitantes, vea las exposiciones y una
pelicula para orientarse. Pregunte sobre actividades dirigidas por los
guardaparques.
Llene sus botellas de agua en el centro de visitantes.
Es su ultima oportunidad.
Siga el Dunes Drive hacia el centro de las dunas. Las
exhibiciones al borde del camino y los senderos autoguiados le muestran los
secretos de las arenas blancas. Relájese en las áreas de picnic que cuentan con
sombra, mesas, asadores y letrinaspero recuerde que no hay agua.
Accesibilidad
Nos esforzamos para que nuestras instalaciones, servicios y programas sean
accesibles para todos.
Sugerencias para su seguridad
¡No se pierda! Mantenga siempre a la vista los puntos de referencia del
horizonte. • Lleve agua consigo incluso cuando camine una distancia corta.
Pasando el centro de visitantes, ya no encontrará agua potable. • Use
bloqueador, lentes de sol y sombrero. • No excave túneles en las dunas ya
que se pueden colapsar y sofocarlo. • Disfrute su trineo alejado de los
autos. • Cuidese del tráfico en las áreas de picnic. • Cierre bien su
vehiculo y mantenga sus pertenencias fuera de la vista.
Reglas
Las leyes federales protegen todos los objetos arqueológicos y naturales. •
Las mascotas deben sujetarse con una correa. • No maneje ni se estacione en
las áreas entre las dunas. • Para obtener más información sobre las
regulaciones de armas de fuego, visite la página web de White Sands.
Se cierra durante pruebas de misiles
Una base del ejército rodea este parque nacional. Por la seguridad del público,
se cierra la autopista US 70 entre White Sands y Las Cruces durante las pruebas
de cohetes. El cierre ocurre dos veces por semana en promedio, con una duración
de una a dos horas. El National Park Service y las autoridades militares le
agradecen su cooperación y paciencia.
En caso de emergencia, llame al 911.
Source: NPS Brochure (2018)
Establishment
White Sands National Park December 20, 2019
White Sands National Monument Jan. 18, 1933
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For More Information Please Visit The
OFFICIAL NPS WEBSITE |
Brochures ◆ Site Bulletins ◆ Trading Cards
The contents of brochures, site
bulletins and trading cards (denoted with a colored caption) can be viewed by
clicking on the cover. Most modern-day brochures, however, are cover only
(denoted by a white caption) due to photograph copyrights. These items are
historical in scope and are intended for educational purposes
only; they are not meant as an aid for travel planning. The dates
under each brochure do not reflect the complete range of years that a particular
brochure was issued.
1945
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1947
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1949
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1954
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1956
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1961
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1965
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1966
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1967
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1969
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1973
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1974
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1975
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1976
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1977
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1981
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1983
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1985
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1989
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1990
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1992
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1995-2004
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2005-2012
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2015-2020
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2021
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2012 (English/Spanish edition)
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2014 (German edition)
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Helpful Safety Information 03/7/2017
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The Pleistocene Trackways of White Sands National Monument 09/23/2013
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2016
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2017
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2021
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Night Sky Programs 2020
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Geology of the Gypsum Dunefield 04/3/2016
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Geology of the Gypsum Dunefield 12/7/2018
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Apachean 10/03/2016
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Archaic 12/19/2016
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Barefoot Memories: My Summer as a Ranger 03/23/2016
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Becoming an SCA 03/26/2015
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Billy the Kid: More than a Legend 03/26/2016
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A Brief History of the National Park Service 02/16/2016
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Date Unknown (Chinese edition)
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Date Unknown (French edition)
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Date Unknown (Japanese edition)
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Date Unknown (Korean edition)
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Date Unknown (Portuguese edition)
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Celebrating Our Centennial: 100 Years of Caring for Our National Parks 04/03/2016
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Classroom to Park and Back Again 03/23/2016
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History of Commercial Filming at White Sands 02/21/2017
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Crystal Formation by Microorganisms in the Dunes and Soils at White Sands NM June 2012
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A Voyage: From Crystals to Dunes 12/20/2015
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The Wonder of the Dunefield: Delighting Visitors for Over 10,000 Years 04/3/2016
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Desert Biome-Create a Food Chain 12/19/2015
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Desert Food Chain 12/19/2015
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White Sands Geologic Time Compressed to One Year 12/20/2015
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Overview of the Geology of White Sands National Monument 03/7/2016
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Little Known Facts about Gypsum 12/20/2015
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Common Arachnids of White Sands 01/07/2016
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Interesting Facts About the World's Largest Gypsum Dunefield 03/14/2012
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An Intern's Tale: Jaqueline Aguilera 03/26/2016
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Jornada Mogollon 11/29/2016
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Launch Complex 33 03/28/2016
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Life After Junior Ranger 03/28/2016
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A Lingering Love 06/5/2015
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Mars and the Monument 04/4/2016
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The First Directors: Mather and Albright 11/24/2012
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Military History 12/19/2016
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Mining 10/2/2016
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White Sands Missile Range and Trinity Site 04/6/2016
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The Monument and the Military: A Winning Combination 9/12/2015
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Monument Statistics 02/6/2017
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Establishment of New Mexico National Parks 04/11/2015
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Careers in the National Park Service 12/20/2015
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The National Park Service: Caring for the American Legacy 2011
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Paleo-Indians 10/2/2016
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Primary Interpretive Themes 11/3/2014
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Project Excelsior 03/28/2016
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Purpose Statement 11/3/2014
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The Road Goes Ever On 3/28/2016
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The Salt Trail and Magoffin Salt War 10/2/2016
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Geology of Sand Dunes 4/13/2016
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SCA: Inspiring Youth 3/28/2016
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With Sand, Size Matters 04/4/2016
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Space History 02/6/2017
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Spanish Colonization Exploration 4/12/2017
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TRTs: Stretching the Mind Through Experience 03/24/2016
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History & Culture of the Tularosa Basin 03/1/2014
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Cultural History of the Tularosa Basin 12/10/2015
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Features of the Tularosa Basin 12/20/2015
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Uncovering Dunes 04/6/2016
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The White Sands Historical District 03/23/2016
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Brief History of White Sands National Monument 09/6/2015
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The Roads of White Sands 03/28/2016
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Ranching and the Wild West 02/6/2017
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Desert Safety 02/18/2016
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Date Unknown
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American Lion 09/5/2016
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Ancient Camel 09/5/2016
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Area Camping 10/17/2016
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Backcountry Camping 02/16/2017
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The American Badger 04/03/2016
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The Big Question: Research at White Sands 04/05/2016
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The Common Birds of White Sands 06/26/2015
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Featured Birds of White Sands 02/01/2016
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Columbian Mammoth 09/05/2016
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Dire Wolf 09/05/2016
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Harlan's Ground Sloth 09/05/2016
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Saber-Toothed Cat 09/05/2016
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Desert in Color 04/03/2016
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Enabling Legislation for White Sands National Monument 12/26/2014
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The Environment 2013
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Flora and Fauna 2013
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Geology 2013
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Local History 2013
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Evolution in Action: White Animals at White Sands 09/28/2016
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From Mountains to Desert 03/27/2016
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Going Green at White Sands 04/03/2016
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Hiking at White Sands 03/03/2016
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Common Insects of White Sands 01/11/2016
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Have You come in Search of a Lake? 04/05/2016
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Date Unknown
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Native Plant Garden Field Journal 02/02/2017
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Native Plants of the Northern Chihuahuan Desert 07/19/2015
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Who Passed This Way? Date Unknown
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Date Unknown
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Lost and Found in the Grand Canyon 11/29/2016
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Common Mammals of White Sands 04/03/2016
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White Sands Trip Planner 02/15/2017
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Area Attractions Near White Sands 02/24/2016
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National Parks Near White Sands 04/06/2016
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Oryx (Oryx gazella) 04/03/2016
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Photography Before or After Hours FAQ 01/08/2017
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Taking Great Photos in the Dunes 11/29/2016
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Common Reptiles of White Sands 01/03/2017
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Soil Food Web 01/11/2012
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Common Tracks and Scat Found at White Sands 06/25/2015
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United By White Sands 02/23/2016
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Water: The Tie that Binds 04/05/2016
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Weddings at White Sands 02/29/2017
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Adobe and Our Visitor Center 08/16/2015
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Trails Date Unknown
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Date Unknown
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Planning Your Visit Date Unknown
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Planning Your Visit Date Unknown
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Lake Lucero 06/22/2015
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cover only
Lake Lucero 1993
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cover only
Lake Lucero 1993
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Lake Lucero c2015
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The Big Dune Trail Guide 08/2001
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Bird Checklist November 2019
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Schedule of Activities 1996
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Trinity Site 2017
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Trinity Site Date Unknown
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Trading Cards
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(©Jefferson National Parks Association) |
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Documents
3-D radar imaging unlocks the untapped behavioral and biomechanical archive of Pleistocene ghost tracks (Thomas M. Urban, Matthew R. Bennett, David Bustos, Stuart W. Manning, Sally C. Reynolds, Matteo Belvedere, Daniel Odess and Vincent L. Santucci, extract from Scientific Reports, November 11, 2019, ©Springer Nature)
Ancient Human Presence Revealed At White Sands National Park: Researchers Push Back Date Of Human Arrival In North America Thousands Of Years (Kurt Repanshek, National Parks Traveler, September 23, 2021)
Climate Change Scenario Planning to Guide Research and Resource Management at White Sands National Park NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/WHSA/NRR-2021/2261 (Pamela Benjamin, Gregor W. Schuurman, David Bustos, M. Hildegard Reiser, Tom Olliff and Amber Runyon, June 2021)
Cultural Landscapes Inventory: White Sands NM Historic District/White Sands National Monument (1998, revised 2005)
Dunes and Dreams: A History of White Sands National Monument, Administrative History (HTML edition) Intermountain Cultural Resources Center Professional Paper No. 55 (Michael Welsh, 1995)
Extraordinary levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in vertebrate animals at a New Mexico desert oasis: Multiple pathways for wildlife and human exposure (Christopher C. Witt, Chauncey R. Gadek, Jean-Luc E. Cartron, Michael J. Andersen, Mariel L. Campbell, Marialejandra Castro-Farías, Ethan F. Gyllenhaal, Andrew B. Johnson, Jason L. Malaney, Kyana N. Montoya, Andrew Patterson, Nicholas T. Vinciguerra, Jessie L. Williamson, Joseph A. Cook and Jonathan L. Dunnum, extract from Environmental Research, Vol. 249, 2024)
Final Master Plan, White Sands National Monument, New Mexico (March 1976)
Footprints preserve terminal Pleistocene hunt? Human-sloth interactions in North America (David Bustos, Jackson Jakeway, Tommy M. Urban, Vance T. Holliday, Brendan Fenerty, David A. Raichlen, Marcin Budka, Sally C. Reynolds, Bruce D. Allen, David W. Love, Vincent L. Santucci, Daniel Odess, Patrick Willey, H. Gregory McDonald and Matthew R. Bennett, extract from Science Advances, ©2018The Authors, exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0)
Foundation Document, White Sands National Monument, New Mexico (January 2016)
Foundation Document Overview, White Sands National Monument, New Mexico (January 2016)
Geologic Resources Inventory Report, White Sands National Monument NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR-2012/585 (October 2012)
Human footprints near ice age lake suggest surprisingly early arrival in the Americas (Lizzie Wade, Science, September 23, 2021)
Impacts of Visitor Spending on the Local Economy: White Sands National Monument, 2012 NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/EQD/NRR—2013/676 (Philip S. Cook, July 2013)
Independent age estimates resolve the controversy of ancient human footprints at White Sands (Jeffrey S. Pigati, Kathleen B. Springer, Jeffrey S. Honke, David Wahl, Marle R. Champagne, Susan R.H. Zimmerman, Harrison J. Gray, Vincent L. Santucci, Daniel Odess, David Bustos and Matthew R. Bennett, extract from Science, Vol. 382, October 6, 2023)
Pre-K Junior Dunes Ranger Activity Book, White Sands National Monument (2016; for reference purposes only)
Junior Dunes Ranger Activity Book, White Sands National Monument (Date Unknown; for reference purposes only)
LiDAR Surveys of Gypsum Dune Fields in White Sands National Monument, New Mexico NPS Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/CHDN/NRTR—2012/558 (Gary Kocurek, David Mohrig, Elke Baitis, Ryan C. Ewing, Virginia Smith and Aymeric Peyret, March 2012)
National Monuments Redesignated as National Parks: Insights for White Sands National Monument (Headwaters Economics, May 2018)
National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form
White Sands National Monument Historic District (Betsy Swanson, July 1986)
Natural Resource Condition Assessment, White Sands National Monument NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/WHSA/NRR-2017/1508 (Andy J. Nadeau, Kathy Allen, Kevin Benck, Anna M. Davis, Hannah Hutchins, Sarah Gardner, Shannon Amberg and Andrew Robertson, September 2017)
Natural Resources Management Plan for White Sands National Monument (October 1974)
Physical Resources Foundation Report, White Sands National Monument NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/NRR-2009/166 (Jeffrey Bennett and Douglas Wilder, November 2009)
Resources Management Plan and Environmental Assessment for White Sands National Monument (November 1986)
Springs, Seeps and Tinajas Monitoring Protocol: Chihuahuan and Sonoran Desert Networks NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/SODN/NRR-2018/1796 (Cheryl McIntyre, Kirsten Gallo, Evan Gwilliam, J. Andrew Hubbard, Julie Christian, Kristen Bonebrake, Greg Goodrum, Megan Podolinsky, Laura Palacios, Benjamin Cooper and Mark Isley, November 2018)
Story of the Great White Sands (Tom Charles, 1950)
The Geology of the White Sands of New Mexico (C.L. Herrick, extract from The Journal of Geology, Vol. 8 No. 2, February-March 1900)
The Natural History Story of White Sands National Monument Southwest Parks and Monuments Association Natural History Series No. 2 (Natt N. Dodge, 1971)
Vertebrate Paleontological Resources from National Park Service Areas in New Mexico (Vincent L. Santucci, Justin Tweet, David Bustos, Jim Von Haden and Phillip Varela, extract from New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin 64, 2014)
Vibration investigation of the museum building at White Sands National Monument, New Mexico USGS Open-File Report 88-544 (Kenneth W. King, David L. Carver and David M. Worley, 1988)
Visitor Study, Summer 2012, White Sands National Monument NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/EQD/NRR-2013/642 (Ally Begly, Beth Barrie, Lena Le and Steven J. Hollenhorst, March 2013)
Walking in mud: Remarkable Pleistocene human trackways from White Sands National Park (New Mexico) (Matthew R. Bennett, David Bustos, Daniel Odess, Tommy M. Urban, Jens N. Lallensack, Marcin Budka, Vincent L. Santucci, Patrick Martinez, Ashleigh L.A. Wiseman and Sally C. Reynolds, extract from Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 249, September 2020)
White Sands Geological Report Southwestern Monuments Special Report No. 5 (Vincent W. Vandiver, 1936)
Videos
White Sands National Monument (1938 National Park Service, US Department of Interior)
Books
The following visual bibliography is just a
sampling of the handbooks and books which have been published for this park.
NPSHistory.com does not endorse these, but are merely presenting them for
informational purposes only. As most are copyrighted, we are only able
to provide the covers, and not contents, of these publications.
Story of the Great White Sands Tom Charles 1950
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The Natural History Story of White Sands National Monument Natt N. Dodge 1971
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cover only
White Sands: The History of a National Monument Dietmar Schneider-Hector 1993
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cover only
White Sands National Monument Rose Houk 1994
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