Fort Vancouver Historic Structures Report

Cover

Complete Volume I (PDF)

Preface

Acknowledgments

List of Plates

Chapter I. STOCKADE

Chapter II. GATES

Chapter III. BASTION

Chapter IV. BAKERY

Chapter V. FLAGPOLE

Chapter VI. BELFRY

Chapter VII. WELLS

Chapter VIII. WASH HOUSE

Chapter IX. BIG HOUSE

Chapter X. KITCHEN

Chapter XI. SALE SHOP

Appendix to Chapter XI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SALE SHOP GOODS

Chapter XII. NEW STORE AND RECEIVING STORE

Plates

Complete Volume II (PDF)

Preface

List of Plates

Chapter I. FUR STORE

History and location
Fur Store operations
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
        Walls
        Roof
        Doors
        Windows
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
    d. Connections with the stockade
Furnishings
    Fur press
    Scales
    Miscellaneous furniture
Recommendations

Chapter II. INDIAN TRADE SHOP AND DISPENSARY

History and location
Indian shop operations
    Credit
    Tariff or price
    Unit of value, or"made—beaver"
    "Counters" or tokens
    Account books
    Tricks of the trade
    Storage of furs
    Volume of furs traded
    Dispensary or apothecary shop
    Doctor's quarters
        Dr. Forbes Barclay
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
        Walls
        Roof
        Doors
        Windows
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
        Indian shop
        Stockroom
        Fur loft
        Dispensary
        Doctor's living quarters
    d. Connections with the stockade
Furnishings
    Indian Trade Shop proper
    Fur loft
    Apothecary shop or Dispensary
    Doctor's quarters
Recommendations

Chapter III. POWDER MAGAZINE

History and location
Construction details
    General description
    Dimensions
    Foundations
    Wall material
    Walls and vaulted roof
    Outer roof
    Door and door frame
    Floors Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter IV. BACHELORS' QUARTERS

History and location
Role of the Bachelors' Quarters at Fort Vancouver
    1. Housing for subordinate officers and clerks
    2. Social hall for subordinate officers, clerks, and visitors
    3. Accommodations for visitors
    4. Sitting room for visitors, the strangers room
    5. Place of confinement for officers and clerks
    6. Library
Employees living in Bachelors' Quarters, 1845-46
    Dr. Forbes Barclay
    Charles Forrest
    James Allan Grahame
    Daniel Harvey
    John Lambert
    Richard Lane
    Kenneth Logan
    Robert Logan
    Thomas Lowe
    William McBean
    Angus McDonald
    David McLoughlin
    Dugald Mactavish
    Henry N. Peers
    George B. Roberts
    John Simpson
    William Sinclair, Jr
    Summary of possible employee residents
Transient visitors housed in Bachelors' Quarters, 1845-46
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
    Walls
    Roof
    Chimneys
    Doors
    Windows
    Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
Furnishings
    a. General remarks—bedrooms
        Personal effects
    b. The "Bachelors' Hall" proper
    c. Library
Recommendations

Chapter V. BLACKSMITH'S SHOP

History and location
Blacksmith Shop operations
The Fort Vancouver blacksmiths, 1845—46
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
        Walls
        Roof
        Doors
        Windows
        Chimney or chimneys
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
        Floor
        Forges, anvil bases, etc.
Furnishings
    Workbenches
    Coal box
    Bases for bellows
    Inventories
Recommendations

Appendix to Chapter V. PARTIAL LIST OF FORT VANCOUVER BLACKSMITHS

Outfits 1828—29
Outfits 1830—35
Outfits 1836—39
Outfits 1840—42
Outfits 1843—45
Outfits 1846—54

Chapter VI. IRON STORE

History and location
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter VII. OLD OFFICE

History and location
Office operations
    a. Journals
    b. Correspondence books
    c. Inventories
    d. Indents
    e. Returns
    f. Invoices, packing accounts, and bills of lading
    g. Post and district accounts
        Servants' accounts
        Transfer books
        Miscellaneous
    h. Summary
A clerk's life
The Old Office as residence
    Thomas Lowe
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
        Walls
        Roof
        Chimney
        Doors
        Windows
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
        Heating arrangements
Furnishings
    a. General remarks—bedrooms
    b. Office proper—furniture and equipment
        Bookcase
        Book press
        Cash box
        Desks
        Maps
        Scales
        Stools
        Summary
    c. Office proper—account books,stationery, and supplies
        Journals
        Letter books
        Inventory books
        Indents
            (1) Columbia scheme books
            (2) Columbia indent books
        Fur invoice books
        Store invoice books
        Servants' account books
        Abstract of accounts or abstract books
        District statements "A"
        District statements "B"
        Accounts current, Columbia District
        Transfers "A" and Transfers "B"
        Memoranda books
        Shop accounts
        Engagement register
        Ledgers
Recommendations

Chapter VIII. NEW OFFICE

History and location
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction.
        Walls
        Roof
        Chimney
        Doors
        Windows
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter IX. JAIL

History and location
Construction details
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter X. OWYHEE CHURCH

History and location
The Fort Vancouver school
Owyhee Church
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
        Walls
        Roof
        Chimney
        Doors
        Windows
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
Furnishings
        a. Schoolroom
        b. Dormitory
        c. Kitchen and bedroom or bedrooms
Recommendations

Chapter XI. PRIESTS' HOUSE

History and location
Priests in residence, Outfit 1845
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings.
    b. General construction
        Walls
        Roof
        Chimneys
        Doors
        Windows
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter XII. WHEAT STORE

History and location
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
        Walls
        Roof
        Doors
        Windows
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter XIII. ROOT HOUSE

History and location
Construction details
Recommendations

Chapter XIV. BEEF STORE

History and location
Construction details
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter XV. HARNESS SHOP

History and location
Construction details
    a. Dimensions and footings
    b. General construction
        Chimney
        Door
        Windows
        Exterior finish
    c. Interior finish and arrangement
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter XVI. OLD CATHOLIC CHURCH

History and location
Construction details
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter XVII. CARPENTER SHOP

History and location
Carpenters at Fort Vancouver, Outfit 1845
Construction Details
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter XVIII. MISCELLANEOUS MINOR STRUCTURES

WATCHMAN'S HOUSE

History and location
Construction details
Recommendations

LATRINES

History and location
Construction details
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter XIX. COOPER'S SHOP

History and location.
Construction details.
Furnishings
Recommendations

Chapter XX. SECOND BASTION

Recommendations

Appendix. ADDITIONAL DATA FOR VOLUME I

Chapter I. Stockade
    a. Bark on pickets
    b. Shapes of picket tops

Chapter II. Gates

Chapter III. Bastion

Chapter IV. Bakery

Chapter IX. Big House
    a. Roof
    b. Sundial.
    c. Guns

Chapter X. Kitchen

Chapter XI. Sale Shop
    a. Names of stores
    b. Platform between Sale Shop and New Store

Chapter XII. New Store and Receiving Store
    a. Structure of New Store
    b. Name and function of Building No. 7
    c. Packaging of imported dry goods

Furnishings of Big House: Quarters of James Douglas

Bibliography.

Plates

I. Summary Sheet, Archeological Excavations, Fort Vancouver National Monument, [1947-1952].

II. Site Plan, Historic Fort Area, Historic Structures Report, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, July, 1965.

III. Ground Plan of Fort Vancouver, Drawn by George Foster Emmons, July 25, 1841.

IV. Fort Vancouver from the Southwest, 1841, Drawn by Henry Eld.

V. Sketch of Fort Vancouver and Plain, Representing the Line of Fire in September, 1844.

VI. Plan of Fort Vancouver, An Inset in "Sketch of Fort Vancouver and Adjacent Plains," 1845, Drawn by M. Vavasour.

VII. Plan of Fort Vancouver, 1845, Drawn by M. Vavasour.

VIII. Version of Vavasour's Plan of Fort Vancouver, 1845, as Redrawn for Publication in Oregon Historical Quarterly.

IX. Fort Vancouver from the Southeast, 1845, Lithograph Based on Drawings by Henry J. Warre.

X. Water Color Sketch of Fort Vancouver, 1845, by Henry J. Warre.

XI. Photograph of An Original Water Color Sketch of Fort Vancouver Painted by Lieutenant T. P. Coode, Probably between June 18, 1846, and May 3, 1847.

XII. Water Color Copy of Lieutenant T. P. Coode's Water Color Sketch of Fort Vancouver, 1846-1847.

XIII. Map of Fort Vancouver and Village in 1846, Drawn by R. Covington.

XIV. Pencil Sketch of Fort Vancouver from the Northeast, Drawn by Paul Kane between December, 1846, and July, 1847.

XV. View of Fort Vancouver from the Northeast, Painted by an Unknown Artist, Probably about 1847 or 1848.

XVI. Enlarged Section of Painting of Fort Vancouver from the Northeast by an Unknown Artist, c.1847 or 1848.

XVII. Fort Vancouver and the Village from the West, July, 1851, Drawn by George Gibbs.

XVIII. Fort Vancouver from the Northwest, July 2, 1851, Drawn by George Gibbs.

XIX. Section of Plan of Survey of Fort Vancouver Military Reservation, Made in 1854 by Lieut. Col. B.L.E. Bonneville.

XX. View of Fort Vancouver from the Northwest, by an Unknown Artist, c.1854.

XXI. Fort Vancouver from the Northwest, 1854, Drawn by Gustavus Sohon.

XXII. View of Fort Vancouver from the Northwest, 1855, Drawn by R. Covington.

XXIII. Topographical Sketch of Fort Vancouver and Environs, 1855.

XXIV. Map of the Military Reservation at Fort Vancouver, W.T., Surveyed under the Direction of Capt. Geo. Thorn...by Order of Brig. Gen. W.S. Harney, 1859.

XXV. Water Color Sketch of Fort Vancouver from the North, Painted by J.M. Alden, c.1859-1860.

XXVI. Sketch of Fort Vancouver from the Northwest, c .1860, by Lieut. John W. Hopkins.

XXVII. Fort Vancouver Courtyard, View toward Northeast Corner, Photographed by British Boundary Commission Party, May, 1860.

XXVIII. Fort Vancouver Courtyard, View toward Northwest Corner, Photographed by British Boundary Commission Party, May, 1860.

XXIX. The Big House or Chief Factor's Residence, Fort Vancouver, Photographed by British Boundary Commission Party, May, 1860.

XXX. Ground Plan of Fort Vancouver, June 15, 1860.

XXXI. Bastion and Stockade at Fort Langley, British Columbia, 1862.

XXXII. Stockade and Buildings of Fort Victoria, British Columbia, 1858.

XXXIII. Enlarged Section of Photograph of Fort Victoria, Showing Palisade and Gate Construction.

XXXIV. Enlarged Section of 1860 Photograph of Northwest Stockade Angle, Fort Vancouver, 1860.

XXXV. Drawing of Fort St. James, British Columbia, c.1864-1867, by George Albert Frost.

XXXVI. Photograph of Hudson's Bay Company Post, Fort Rupert, British Columbia.

XXXVII. Sketch of Fort Langley, 1858, by E. Mallandaine.

XXXVIII. Fort Victoria, c.1858, Showing Stockade Exterior and Gate Entrance.

XXXIX. Diagram of North Gate Foundations, Fort Vancouver, As excavated in 1966.

XL. Gate of Fort York, Canada, After Restoration.

XLI. Reconstructed Gate at Fort Langley, British Columbia.

XLII. Reconstructed Gate at Fort Carlton, Saskatchewan.

XLIII. Plan of Foundation Timbers, Fort Vancouver Bastion, as Excavated in 1947.

XLIV. Bastion at Fort Langley, British Columbia.

XLV. Bastion at Fort Victoria, British Columbia.

XLVI. Fort Nanaimo Bastion, British Columbia, 1971.

XLVII. Construction Details, Fort Nanaimo Bastion.

XLVIII. Shutter Details, Fort Nanaimo Bastion.

XLIX. Fort St. James, British Columbia, 1914.

L. Bake Ovens in Bastion, Lower Fort Garry, Manitoba.

LI. Oven Door Detail, Lower Fort Garry Bakery.

LII. Plan of Bakery Ovens, Lower Fort Garry.

LIII. View of Fort Vancouver from the Southwest, 1841.

LIV. Hudson's Bay Company House Flag, Said to Have Flown at Fort Vancouver As Early As 1849.

LV. Well No. 2, Fort Vancouver.

LVI. Cross Section of Well No. 1, Fort Vancouver, As Revealed by Archeological Excavations in 1952.

LVII. Fort Colvile, Photographed by the British Boundary Commission Party, 1860.

LVIII. Jasper House, H.B.C. Post, 1872.

LIX. Roof Detail, Reconstructed Rocky Mountain House, Calgary.

LX. Weatherboards and Corner Boards, Arch Warehouse, Norway House.

LXI. Front Stairway and Entrance, Officers' Quarters, Fort Langley, c.1858-1874.

LXII. Restored Factor's House, Fort Nisqually.

LXIII. Room in the Great Hall, Fort William, 1816.

LXIV. Sitting Room Interior, Staff House, Moose Factory.

LXV. Interior Doorways, Governor's House, Lower Fort Garry.

LXVI. Moose Factory, 1878.

LXVII. View of a Room, Presumably in Upper or Lower Fort Garry, c.1846-1848.

LXVIII. Blacksmith Shop, Moose Factory, c.1946.

LXIX. Drawing Room, Governor's House, Lower Fort Garry, c.1935.

LXX. Christmas Dance in Bachelors' Hall, York Factory, 1840's.

LXXI. Dining Room, McLoughlin House National Historic Site, 1941.

LXXII. "County Made" Chair, Front View, Moose Factory.

LXXIII. "County Made" Chair, Rear View, Moose Factory.

LXXIV. "Dr. McLoughlin's Desk," McLoughlin House National Historic Site, 1941.

LXXV. Secretary "from Fort Vancouver," McLoughlin House National Historic Site, 1941.

LXXVI. Assorted Timbers from Original Fort Victoria Cook House, Fort Victoria Museum, 1967.

LXXVII. Horizontal "Filler" Timbers from Original Fort Victoria Cook House, Fort Victoria Museum, 1967.

LXXVIII. Old Hudson's Bay Company Warehouse, Fort St. James, British Columbia.

LXXIX. Measured Drawings, H.B.C. Warehouse, Fort St. James, Sheet 2.

LXXX. Measured Drawings, H.B.C. Warehouse, Fort St. James, Sheet 3.

LXXXI. Typical H.B.C. Building Details, Warehouse, Fort St. James, Sheet 4.

LXXXII. Eaves Detail, Warehouse, Fort St. James.

LXXXIII. One-Half of Trade Shop Double Door, Lower Fort Garry, Manitoba.

LXXXIV. Main Door, H.B.C. Warehouse, Fort St. James.

LXXXV. Double Door, H.B.C. Warehouse, Lower Fort Garry.

LXXXVI. Shutter on Upper Story Window on Only Surviving H.B.C. Building, Fort Langley, B.C.

LXXXVII. Shutter on Lower Story Window, Surviving Original H.B.C. Structure, Fort Langley.

LXXXVIII. "Athabasca Building," H.B.C. Warehouse, Fort Edmonton, Alberta, c .1900 (?).

LXXXIX. Tearing Down the "Athabasca Building," Fort Edmonton, October 14, 1915.

XC. Warehouse Window, York Factory, c.1970.

XCI. Typical Hardware, H.B.C. Structures, Sheet 5.

XCII. Typical Hardware, H.B.C. Structures, Sheet 6.

XCIII. Latch on Warehouse Door, York Factory, Hudson Bay, c. 1970.

XCIV. Stairway in Warehouse, York Factory, c.1970.

XCV. Protective Railing Around Stairway Opening on Second Floor of Warehouse, York Factory, c.1970.

XCVI. Shelves in an Old Structure at York Factory, c.1970.

XCVII. Shelves and Ladder in Shop or Warehouse, York Factory, c.1970.

XCVIII. Interior of an Unidentified H.B.C. Trading Store.

XCIX. Hudson's Bay Company Trade Shop at Fort Resolution.

C. Interior of Trade Shop, Fort Resolution.

CI. Interior of Hudson's Bay Company Store, Fort Vermilion, c.1910.

CII. Interior of H.B.C. Store at Lao Seul, Ontario, Early 20th Century.

CIII. Interior of H.B.C. Trading Store, Albany, Hudson Bay, c.1905.

CIV. Iron Padlock Excavated at Fort Vancouver.

CV. A "Covered Copper Kettle" of the Type Sold at Hudson's Bay Company Shops During the Nineteenth Century.

CVI. Haida Woman Wearing a Hudson's Bay Company "Point" Blanket, 1880's.

CVII. Tobacco for the Fur Trade.

CVIII. Sales Items Long Carried at H.B.C. Sales Shops Across the Continent.

CIX. An H.B.C. Fur Pack, 1895.

CX. Marking An H.B.C. Fur Pack, c.1947.

CXI. Original H.B.C. Granary, Fort Nisqually, Washington.

CXII. The Great Store Room on the Second Floor Back of the Depot at York Factory, 1923.

I. Lever—Type Fur Press at Fort Resolution

II. Reconstructed Fur Store and Fur Press at Rocky Mountain House, Heritage Park, Calgary

III. A Wedge Press of the Type Employed in Both the American and Canadian Fur Trades

IV. An Old Screw—Type Press in the Trade Shop at Lower Fort Garry NHP, Manitoba

V. The Large Baling Press at Moose Factory, Hudson Bay

VI. A Modern Screw—Type Press in Operation at Caribou Post, ca. 1947

VII. An additional Step in the Operation of a Present— Day Screw Press

VIII. A Partially Compressed Bale of Furs in a Screw Press, ca. 1943

IX. A Compressed Bale of Furs Being Sewn Up in the Press, ca. 1943

X. Fox Skins Hanging Out to Dry at a Hudson's Bay Company Post, ca. 1950

XI. Sorting Furs at Fort Chipewyan, Alberta

XII. Sorting Furs in the Warehouse at York Factory, ca. 1938

XIII. Method of Storing Furs at Norway House, ca. 1943 .

XIV. Enlarged Portion of 1860 Photograph of the Fort Vancouver Courtyard, View toward Northwest Corner, Showing the New Store (left) and the Sale Shop (right)

XV. Another View of the Old Screw Fur Press in the Trade Shop at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XVI. A Large Weighing Beam with Wooden Scales in the Restored H.B.C. Trade Store at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XVII. A Nineteenth—Century Steelyard of the Type Used in the Fur Trade

XVIII. Corner of the Fur Loft in Restored Trade Shop at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XIX. Measured Drawing of the Riel House at St. Vital, Manitoba

XX. Gable—Roofed Buildings at Fort Carlton, 1871

XXI. Door on West End of Warehouse at Fort St. James, B. C.

XXII. A Hudson's Bay /P Indian Trade Shop During the 1840s

XXIII. Restored Trade Shop at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XXIV. Storeroom in Restored Trade Shop at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XXV. Another View of the Storeroom in the Restored Trade Shop at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XXVI. Furs in Storage in Garret of Restored Trade Shop at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XXVII. One End of Garret in Restored Trade Shop at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XXVIII. Plan of Powder Magazine Foundations at Fort Vancouver, as Excavated in 1947

XXIX. Old Powder Magazine at Metabetchouan Post, Lake St. John, Quebec

XXX. Powder Magazine at Moose Factory

XXXI. Old Powder Magazine and Sundial at Fort Chipewyan, 1927

XXXII. Powder Magazine at Cumberland House, Saskatchewan

XXXIII. Section of Powder Magazine Foundation at Fort Vancouver, as Excavated in 1947, Showing Type of Construction

XXXIV. Piece of Mortar from Powder Magazine Foundation at Fort Vancouver, 1947

XXXV. Metal Roof on Powder Magazine at Lower Fort Garry NHP

XXXVI. Metal—Covered Eaves and Ridge Boards, Powder Magazine at Cumberland House

XXXVII. Roof and Eaves Details, Powder Magazine at Cumberland House

XXXVIII. Measured Drawings, Powder Magazine, Cumberland House, Sheet 8

XXXIX. Metal—Covered Door to Powder Magazine at Cumberland House

XL. Hing on Door to Powder Magazine at Cumberland House

XLI. The Bachelors' Quarters Building at Fort Vancouver, as It Appeared During the Spring of 1860

XLII. Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River. Original Pencil Sketch by Henry J. Warre, 1845-46

XLIII. Interior of a Dwelling at the Hudson's Bay Company's Post at Pembina. Sketch by "H. M.," 1848

XLIV. Interior of the Home of a Red River Colonist. A Pen and Ink Sketch by Peter Rindisbacher

XLV. Remains of Glass Objects Bearing the Initial or Name of Clerk A. L. Lewes. Recovered During Salvage Excavations Along the East Palisade Wall, Fort Vancouver, 1966

XLVI. Bottom of a Glass Tumbler Bearing the Etched Name "A. L. Lewes"

XLVII. The Library at York Factory as It Appeared in 1910

XLVIII. Floor Plan, Work Bench, and Anvil Support. Restoration Drawings for Blacksmith's Shop, Lower Fort Garry NHP. Drawing No. 2

XLIX. Window and Door Details. Restoration Drawings for Blacksmith's Shop, Lower Fort Garry NHP. Drawing No. 3

L. Sections. Restoration Drawings for Blacksmith's Shop, Lower Fort Garry NHP. Drawing No. 4

LI. Elevations. Restoration Drawings for Blacksmith's Shop, Lower Fort Garry NHP. Drawing No. 5

LII. Masonry Forge. Restoration Drawings for Blacksmith's Shop, Lower Fort Garry NHP. Drawing No. [6]

LIII. Coal Box, Log Ramp, and Structure Details. Restoration Drawings for Blacksmith's Shop, Lower Fort Garry NHP. Drawing No. 7

LIV. The Hudson's Bay Company Blacksmith's Shop at Moose Factory

LV. York Boat under Construction at Norway House, 1923

LVI. Typical Hudson's Bay Company Axe, Excavated at Fort Vancouver

LVII. Steps in the Manufacture of a Trade Axe, as Revealed by Specimens Excavated at the Fort Vancouver Blacksmith's Shop

LVIII. Sketch of a Building at Fort Kamloops, B. C.

LIX. Buildings Behind the Big Depot at York Factory, 1880

LX. Small Structure, Perhaps an Office, at Fort Edmonton, 1884 (1887?)

LXI. Restored and Refurnished Interior of the Office at Lower Fort Garry NHP

LXII. Old Records in the Office at Fort Chipewyan, 1927

LXIII. Enlarged Portion of 1860 Photograph of the Fort Vancouver Courtyard, View toward Northwest Corner, Showing the Granary (left) and the New Office (right)

LXIV. Roman Catholic Mission School at Fort Resolution, 1913

LXV. The One—Room Schoolhouse at Fort Fitzgerald

LXVI. Photograph of the Priests' House at Fort Vancouver, 1860

LXVII. Buildings at York Factory, 1870s

LXVIII. Remains of Three—Sheaved Wooden Block Uncovered on Site of Beef Store at Fort Vancouver, 1952

LXIX. The Bible That, Together with a Communion Set and Registers, Was Sent to Fort Vancouver by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1836

LXX. The Communion Service Supplied by the Hudson's Bay Company for Use at Fort Vancouver by the Church of England Chaplain