Guadalupe Mountains An Administrative History

COVER

LIST OF FIGURES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Chapter I. INTRODUCTION

Location, Access, and Public Facilities
Physical Description
Previous Uses of the Park Lands
Administration of the Park

Chapter II. THE MOVEMENTS TO ESTABLISH A PARK

The Forces at Work
Judge J.C. Hunter and Early Park Plans
The El Paso Boosters and the Texas Legislature
The Proposed Extension of Carlsbad Caverns
The National Park Service and the Grisham-Hunter Ranch
The 1938 Revival
The 1940s and 1950s
The Early Park Movements in Retrospect

Chapter III. THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WALLACE PRATT AND J.C. HUNTER, JR.

The Role of Wallace Pratt
National Park Service Interest in the Guadalupe Mountain Ranch
J.C. Hunter, Jr., and Glenn Biggs

Chapter IV. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

Joe Pool and H.R. 3100
Hunter, Pratt, and the Congressmen
The Committee of Five
Political One-Upmanship
Gaining Support for the Park
The Congressional Hearings, 1965
The Kelly Report
The House Hearings, 1966
The Senate Hearings, 1966
The Texas Legislature
Appropriations Legislation
Establishment of Guadalupe Mountains National Park
The McKittrick Canyon Access Road
Wilderness Designation and Development Ceiling Increase
Legislation in 1987
A Perspective on the Legislative History

Chapter V. MINERAL RIGHTS AND LAND ACQUISITION

Donation of Mineral Rights
Acquisition of the J.C. Hunter, Jr., Land
Acquisition of Smaller Tracts within the Park Boundaries
The Hammack Exclusion and Easement
Acquisition of the Glover Property
The Shivers Mining Claims
The McKittrick Canyon Right-of-Way Exchange
West Side Access Road Right-of-Way
Acquisition of the Texas Highway Department Maintenance Area
Excess Land Acquired Outside the Park Boundaries

Chapter VI. PLANNING FOR THE PARK--THE 1970S

Planning in the National Park System
Master Planning Process
     Master Plan
     Pine Springs Development Concept Plan and the Tramway Study
Other Plans for Development
     Environmental Assessment for McKittrick Canyon
     Upper Dog Canyon Development Concept Plan and Environmental Assessmen
Statement for Management
Interpretive Plan
Resource Management Plans
     Cave Management
     Backcountry Management Plan
     Natural Resources Management Plan
Trail Planning
The Contribution of Donald Dayton

Chapter VII. PLANNING IN THE 1980S

Economic Feasibility/Market Study
Master Plan Supplement
West Side Boundary Study
Resources Management Planning-1980s
     Cave Management Plan
     Backcountry Management Plan
     Cultural Resources Management Program
     Fire Management Plan
     Resources Management Plan Revisions, 1987
Statement for Management

Chapter VIII. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARK

Residential Area for Park Personnel
McKittrick Canyon
Dog Canyon
Backcountry
     Trail Construction
     Pine Springs Campground
Administrative Facilities
     Fencing
     Williams Ranch Access Road
     Information and Operational Headquarters

Chapter IX. NATURAL RESOURCE ISSUES

Water Resources
Fire Management
Backcountry Use
Mountain Lions
Reintroduction of Native Species
Trespass Grazing
Pesticide Control
Endangered Species
Oil and Gas Development
Collecting of Plant Material by Native Americans

Chapter X. CULTURAL RESOURCE ISSUES

Preservation of Historic Structures and the Emigrant Trail
     The Pinery
     The Emigrant Trail to California and the Butterfield Stage Route
     Williams Ranch
     Pratt Stone Cabin
Adaptive Use of Historic Resources
     Frijole Ranch Facilities
     Ship on the Desert
Managing the Historic Resources
     Archeological Issues
     The Glover Site

Chapter XI. SPECIAL EVENTS AND PUBLIC RELATION

Events Sponsored by the National Park Service Dedication Ceremony--September 30, 1972
Opening of Facilities in Dog Canyon--May 22, 1982
     Tenth Anniversary Celebration--November 6, 1982
     Color Weekends
Other Special Events
     Bicentennial Flag Ceremony--July 28, 1975
     Climb of Guadalupe Peak by Members of POINT--July 12-17, 1982

Chapter XII. IN RETROSPECT

BIBLIOGRAPHIC ESSAY

ENDNOTES

APPENDIX A: Legislation

Public Law 89-667, Establishment of Guadalupe Mountains National Park
Public Law 94-174, Land Exchange, McKittrick Canyon
Public Law 95-625, National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978 (Title I and Title IV)

APPENDIX B: Personnel

Superintendents
     Donald A. Dayton
     William W. Dunmire
     Richard B. Smith
List of Permanent Personnel (Tentative)

APPENDIX C: Cooperative Agreements

Memorandum of Understanding between the National Park Service and The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (1987)

Agreement between National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, and the Carlsbad Caverns Natural History Association (1978)

Memorandum of Understanding between the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Carlsbad Caverns National Park and Guadalupe Mountains National Park; the Bureau of Land Management, Roswell District Office, Carlsbad Resource Area Headquarters; and the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Lincoln National Forest, Concerning the Management and Suppression of Wildfires Along Common Boundaries (1988)

Cooperative Agreement between the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, and the Department of Highways and Public Transportation, State of Texas (1980)

Interagency Agreement (Memorandum of Understanding) between the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Carlsbad Caverns and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks, and the Lincoln National Forest, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (for management of North McKittrick Canyon) (1988)

Memorandum of Understanding between Guadalupe Mountains National Park and Culberson County Hospital District for Operation and Maintenance of an Ambulance Service (1987)

APPENDIX D: Collecting and Research Permits

Collecting Permit Procedures
  Appendix A: Research/Collecting Permit Certification Request Form
  Appendix B: Criteria Checklist for Collecting Permit Applicants

I. INTRODUCTION

Figure 1. Vicinity of Guadalupe Mountains National Park
Figure 2. Map of Guadalupe Mountains National Park
Figure 3. El Capitan
Figure 4. View from Guadalupe Peak
Figure 5. View down Guadalupe Canyon
Figure 6. View of the Bowl
Figure 7. Scene in McKittrick Canyon
Figure 8. Williams Ranch

III. THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF WALLACE PRATT AND J.C. HUNTER, JR.

Figure 9. Wallace Pratt
Figure 10. Park Service survey party
Figure 11. Guadalupe Mountain Ranch sales brochure

IV. LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

Figure 12. Key images/figures in the legislative process

V. MINERAL RIGHTS AND LAND ACQUISITION

Figure 13. Map of mineral rights ownership
Figure 14. Map of land ownership

VI. PLANNING FOR THE PARK--THE 1970S

Figure 15. Wilderness recommendation
Figure 16. General development of park
Figure 17. Route of proposed tramway
Figure 18. Developments approved for the Pine Springs area
Figure 19. Conditions existing at Dog Canyon development site in mid-1970s

VII. PLANNING IN THE 1980S

Figure 20. Existing boundaries and non-park sections, as of 1980
Figure 21. Boundary expansion proposed for west side of park

VIII. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARK

Figure 22. Temporary housing at Signal Peak
Figure 23. Duplex apartments at Pine Springs residential area
Figure 24. Temporary contact station at McKittrick Canyon
Figure 25. Permanent visitor contact station at McKittrick Canyon
Figure 26. Temporary ranger housing at Dog Canyon
Figure 27. Permanent ranger residence at Dog Canyon
Figure 28. Visitor contact station at Dog Canyon
Figure 29. Temporary facilities near Frijole
Figure 30. Artist's rendering of visitor center and operational headquarters

X. CULTURAL RESOURCE ISSUES

Figure 31. North wall of Pinery stage station
Figure 32. Pilot memorial on Guadalupe Peak
Figure 33. James Adolphus Williams at Williams ranch house
Figure 34. Williams ranch house
Figure 35. Wallace Pratt's stone cabin
Figure 36. Walter and Bertha Glover at Frijole ranch house
Figure 37. Frijole ranch house, 1980
Figure 38. The Ship on the Desert
Figure 39. Ship during construction

XI. SPECIAL EVENTS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS

Figure 40. Distinguished guests at dedication ceremony for Guadalupe Mountains National Park
Figure 41. Mary and J.C. Hunter, Jr.
Figure 42. Bicentennial flag ceremony on Guadalupe Peak
Figure 43. Wheelchair climb of Guadalupe Peak

APPENDIX B: Personnel

Superintendents
     Donald Dayton
     William Dunmire
     Richard Smith