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Fort Vancouver
Cultural Landscape Report |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Volume I |
Project Background
Historical Context
Methodology and Scope
Administrative Context for the Project
Endnotes
Environmental Context and Setting
Study Boundaries
Site Description
Overall Organization and Structures
Circulation
Vegetation
Archeological Resources
Endnotes
Introduction
Historic Character Defining Features
Response to Natural Features
Overall Organization
Circulation
Land Uses and Activities
Vegetation
Structures
Cluster Arrangements
Small-scale features
Character Areas
Management Zones
Endnotes
Introduction
General Recommendations
Implementation
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
VI. APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: Native Plants of Fort Vancouver Vicinity
APPENDIX B: Cultivated Field Plant List and Chronology
APPENDIX C: List of Agricultural Tools at Fort Vancouver
APPENDIX D: Garden Plant List and Chronology
APPENDIX E: Orchard Plant List and Chronology
APPENDIX F: List of Suggested Wayside Exhibit Locations and General Interpretation Topics
APPENDIX G: Criteria for Reconstructing Historic Vegetation and Associated Features at Fort Vancouver
APPENDIX H: Abbreviated List of Heirloom Plant Resources
APPENDIX I: List of Classified Structures
| Volume II |
The Hudson's Bay Company
The Columbia River Basin
Administrative and Political Context
Establishment
Operations at Fort Vancouver
Headquarters of the Columbia Department
New Projects
Site
General Site Characteristics of Belle Vue Point/Jolie Prairie
Circulation Networks
Stockade and Associated Structures
Garden and Orchard
Seeds
Location
Fields and Pastures
Cultivated Fields
Livestock
Sawmill
Fort Vancouver Outposts
Willamette Valley
Fort George
Administrative and Political Context
Seat of Columbia Department
Boundary Issues
Relationship with Americans
Puget's Sound Agricultural Company
Fort Nisqually
Cowlitz Farm
Fort Vancouver Outposts
Willamette Valley
Sauvie Island
Government Island
Operations at Fort Vancouver
Overview
Fort Vancouver: Headquarters of the Columbia Department
Headquarters of Coastal Trade
Center of Agricultural Production
Early Industrial and Marketing Center
Crossroads of Civilization
Activities within the Stockade
Agriculture
Environmental Impacts on Farming
Farm Operations
Personnel
Methods and Materials
Field Crop Production
Livestock Operations
The Mills and Other Industries
Sawmill
Gristmill
Salmon Operation
Brewing and Distilling
Site
General Description
Circulation Networks
Land Use
Fort Plain
Stockade and Associated Structures
The Stockade: 1829-1836
The Stockade: 1834-1841
The Stockade: 1841-46
Structures Associated with the Stockade: 1829-1846
North of Upper Mill Road
Cultivated Fields
Cemetery
Structures
St. James Mission
Garden
Location, Size and Boundaries
Features
Function
Orchard
Fields and Pastures
Kanaka Village
River Front
The Landscape Beyond Fort Plain
Lower Plain
West Plain Farm
Pastures
Lower Plain Farm
Mill Plain
Sawmill
Gristmill
Back Plains
Outlying Areas
Willamette Valley
Oregon City
Sauvie Island
Fort Nisqually
Cowlitz Farm
III. FORT VANCOUVER; TRANSITION 1847-1860
Administrative and Political Context
American Immigration and Settlement
U.S. Army
Saint James Mission
Operations at Fort Vancouver
Overview
Hudson's Bay Company Activities
Hudson's Bay Company Agriculture
Field Crop Production
Livestock
Hudson's Bay Company Mills and Associated Activities
Operations at Camp Vancouver/Columbia Barracks/Fort Vancouver Site
General Description
Circulation Networks
Fort Plain
Stockade
New Buildings
Gradual Decay
Structures associated with the Stockade
North of Upper Mill Road
Hudson's Bay Company Structures
U.S. Army Garrison
Garden and Orchard
Fields and Pastures
Kanaka Village/Quartermaster's Depot
Hudson's Bay Company Structures
U.S. Army Structures
River Front
Hudson's Bay Company Structures
U.S. Army Structures
The Landscape Beyond Fort Plain
Lower Plain
Mill Plain
Sawmills
Back Plains
Outlying Areas
Willamette Valley
Sauvie Island
Fort Nisqually
Cowlitz Farm
IV. FORT VANCOUVER: VANCOUVER BARRACKS 1861-1918
Administrative and Political Context
Final Resolution of the Boundary Issue
Final Resolution of Claims
Puget's Sound Agricultural Company
The U.S. Army at Fort Vancouver/Vancouver Barracks
Operations at Fort Vancouver/Vancouver Barracks
Spruce Production Division
Site
General Description
Circulation Networks
The Military Reservation on Historic Fort Plain
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Stockade Site
Garrison/North of Upper Mill Road
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Garden and Orchard Site
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Field and Pasture Area
Spruce Mill
Quartermaster's Depot/Historic Kanaka Village Site
River Front Area
North of Officers' Row
V. FORT VANCOUVER: VANCOUVER BARRACKS 1919-1947
Administrative and Political Context
Operations at Vancouver Barracks
U.S. Army Air Force
Civilian Conservation Corps District Headquarters
Site
General Description
Circulation Networks
Military Reservation on Historic Fort Plain
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Stockade Site
U.S. Army Garrison/North of Old Upper Mill Road
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Garden and Orchard Site
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Field and Pasture Area
Pearson Field: East Edge of Vancouver Barracks
Quartermaster's Depot/Historic Kanaka Village
Civilian Conservation Corps Headquarters Development
Historic River Front Area
North of Officers' Row
Vancouver Municipal Airport on Historic Fort Plain
Kaiser Shipyard: Southeast Edge of Historic Fort Plain:
VI. FORT VANCOUVER: 1948-PRESENT
Administrative and Political Context
Operations at Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
Pearson Airpark
Operations at Vancouver Barracks
Site
General Description
Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
North of East Fifth Street
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Stockade Site
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Garden and Orchard Area
Historic Hudson's Bay Company Field and Pasture Area
Quartermaster's Depot/Historic Hudson's Bay Company Kanaka Village
Historic River Front Area
Vancouver Barracks
Pearson Airpark
APPENDIX
Appendix A: Columbia Department Seed List, 1831
Appendix B: Fort Vancouver Thermometrical Register, 1838
INDEX (omitted from the online edition)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
1. Detail of 1825 map of Fort Vancouver: Columbia River, Surveyed 18252. Fort Vancouver, c. 1846, looking southwest, by artist Paul Kane
3. Fort Vancouver, 1841, looking northeast, by Henry Eld
4. Lt. T.P. Goode's view of the Fort Vancouver stockade interior, 1846-47
5. Fort Vancouver stockade in 1845, looking northwest, by Lt. Henry Warre
6. Richard Covington's view of Fort Vancouver, 1855
7. 1845-46 view of Fort Vancouver attributed to John Mix Stanley
8. Gustavus Sohon's view of stockade and army garrison, 1854
9. George Gibbs' illustration of Kanaka Village and stockade, 1851
10. Four versions of Kanaka Village layout, based on different historic maps
11. Artillery units on Hudson's Bay Company orchard site, c. 1860
12. George Gibbs' illustration of Kanaka Village and Columbia Barracks, 1851
13. 1860 view of St. James Mission and St. James Church
14. 1860 view of U.S. Army Garrison with fruit trees in foreground
15. 1860 view of U.S. Army's Quartermaster's Depot and dwellings
16. 1860 view of U.S. Army's Quartermaster's Depot and Quartermaster's Barn
17. East side of Vancouver Barracks after flood of 1887, looking southwest
18. Log and frame structures, Officers' Row, Vancouver Barracks, c. 1886
19. Officers' Row, Vancouver Barracks, looking west, c. 1912
20. Cut-up Plant of Spruce Mill on Fort Plain, 1918
21. West side of Vancouver Barracks, c. 1917
22. West side of Vancouver Barracks in 1937, looking north
LIST OF MAPS
Map Number
Following Page 32 (Chapter I)
1. 1825 Map of Vicinity of Fort Vancouver: Columbia River, Surveyed 1825Following Page 188 (Chapter II)
2. Fort Vancouver Stockade 1829-1836, by Terri Taylor3. Fort Vancouver Stockade 1844-46, by Terri Taylor
4. 1844 Stockade Area Map by Henry Peers: Sketch of Fort Vancouver and Plain, Representing the Line of Fire in September 1844
5. Sketch of Fort Vancouver and adjacent Plains by Mervyn Vavasour, 1845
6. 1844 Peers Map. Sketch of Environs of Fort Vancouver
7. 1846 Covington Stockade Area Map: Plan of Fort Vancouver Historic Base Map, Hudson's Bay Company ca. 1844-46, By Terri Taylor
Following Page 272 (Chapter III)
8. Fort Vancouver Stockade, 1849/52-60, by Terri Taylor9. Fort Vancouver and U.S. Military Post and Town Environs, 1859
10. Bonneville Map, 1854: Map of the Government Reserve at Fort Vancouver, W. T. Drawn by Brvt. Captain J.R. McConnell
11. Fort Vancouver, 1854, prepared by Col. Joseph Mansfield
12. 1859 Harney Map: Map of the Military Reservation at Fort Vancouver, WT.
Following Page 307 (Chapter IV)
13. 1874 Ward Map: Map of the U.S. Military Reserve at Fort Vancouver, W.T.14. Plan of Present System of Water Supply at Vancouver Barracks, W.T., 1886
15. City of Vancouver WA and Environs, 1891, by C.A. Homan
16. Historic Base Map, Vancouver Barracks, ca. 1892, by Terri Taylor
17. Vancouver Barracks, Wash., 1914, by C.H. Stone
18. Vancouver Military Reservation Spruce Mill, 1918, by Terri Taylor
Following Page 332 (Chapter V)
20. Vancouver Staging Area, 1944, U.S. Engineer's Office, Portland21. Planimetric Map of Vancouver, Washington., U.S. Dept. of Commerce
22. Historic Base Map, Vancouver Barracks, 1936, by Terri Taylor
Following Page 349 (Chapter VI)
23. Existing Conditions Map, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, 1991, by Terri Taylor| <<< Previous | <<< Contents>>> | Next >>> |
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Last Updated: 27-Oct-2003