National Park Service
Friars, Soldiers and Reformers
Contents

Foreword
Preface

Jesuit Foundations

Gray Robes for Black
1767-68

The Archreformer Backs Down
1768-72

Tumacácori or Troy?
1772-74

The Course of Empire
1774-76

The Promise and Default of the Provincias Internas
1776-81

The Challenge of a Reforming Bishop
1781-95

A Quarrel Among Friars
1795-1808

"Corruption Has Come Among Us"
1808-20

A Trampled Guarantee
1820-28

Hanging On
1828-56

Epilogue

Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography

Bibliography


Manuscripts

Archives and Collections

Academy of American Franciscan History, Washington, D.C.

Antonianum Library, Rome
Fr. Marcellino da Civezza Collection (CC)

Archivo de la Mitra de Sonora, Hermosillo (AMS)

Archivo del Colegio de la Santa Cruz de Querétaro, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico (ACQ)

Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla, Spain (AGI)
Audiencia de Guadalajara (Guad.)
Audiencia de México (Mex.)
Contratación
Indiferente General
Juzgado de Arribadas

Archivo General de la Nación, Mexico (AGN)
Californias
Historia
Misiones
Provincias Internas (PI)

Archivo Histórico de Hacienda, Mexico (AHH)F Temporalidades (Temp.)

Archivo Histórico del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo (AES)

Archivo Histórico Militar Mexicano, México (AHHM)
Secretaría de Guerra y Marina

Arizona Historical Society, Tucson (AHS)

Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley (BL)
Bolton Research Papers (BRP)
Mexican Manuscripts (M-M)

Biblioteca Nacional, México
Archivo Franciscano (AF)

Biblioteca Pública del Estado, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
Asuntos Eclesiasticos

Franciscan General Archive, Rome (FGA)

Huntington Library, San Marino, California
Gálvez Papers

Luna (Zaragoza), Spain, Parish Archive

Nayarit, Parish Archives
Acaponeta

New Mexico, University of, Library, Albuquerque
Thomas Benton Catron Collection

Newberry Library, Chicago
Ayer Collection (AC)

Pima County Recorder's Office, Tucson, Arizona (PCRO)
Old Record Books "A" and "B"

San Xavier del Bac, Mission, Tucson, Arizona

Sonora Parish Archives
Altar
Banámichi
Ciudad Obregon, Santa Teresita Parish
Granados
Horcasitas
Magdalena
Rayón
Ures

Texas, University of, Library, Austin
Genaro García Collection
W. B. Stephens Collection

Tucson, Arizona, Archives of the Diocese (ADT)
De Calabazas Bautismos (DCB)


Manuscripts Frequently Cited

Arricivita, Juan Domingo, O.F.M. Lista de los cuarenta religiosos, Madrid, June 21, 1769, AGI, Guad., 369.

Barbastro, Francisco Antonio, O.F.M. Compendio de lo más notable que han trabajado en Sonora los hijos del Colegio de la Santa Cruz, 1768-1783, Babiácora, Sept. 10, 1788, CC, 202.35.

______. Defensa de la Custodia de San Carlos de Sonora, Banámichi, 1786, CC, misc.

Barragán, Manuel, et al. Tucson, Nov. 24, 1777, translated as Appendix C to Lt. John G. Parke, Report of Explorations for Railroad Routes . . . 1854-5 in Reports of Explorations and Surveys . . . 1853-6, vol. 7, 33d Cong., 2d sess., Sen. Exec. Doc. 78, Washington, D.C., 1857.

Bringas de Manzaneda y Encinas, Diego Miguel, O.F.M. Informe al Rey sobre las misiones de la Pimería Alta, sobre nuevas fundaciones, sobre las malas providencias de la Comandancia, la paz mal establecida con los Apaches, y otros muchos asuntos importantes, 1796, CC, 202.42.

Cardoso, Joseph, O.F.M. Lista de los religiosos, CSCQ, Feb. 7, 1824, ACQ.

CSCQ, Libro de difuntos, 1776-ca. 1850, ACQ.

González, Faustino, O.F.M. Estado de las misiones de la Pimería Alta, Caborca, Jan. 4, 1821, AMS.

[Gutiérrez, Narciso, O.F.M.]. Padrón de los gentiles bautizados en esta misión de San Joseph de Tumacácori, 1768-1795, CC, 201.82.

Iturralde, Francisco, O.F.M. Visita de las misiones de la Pimería, Sept. 5-Oct. 30, 1797, ACQ.

Moyano, Francisco, O.F.M. Noticia de las misiones que ocupan los Religiosos del Colegio de la Santa Cruz de Querétaro, Oquitoa, May 18, 1803, AGI, Mex., 2736.

______. Noticia de las misiones que ocupan los Religiosos del Colegio de la Santa Cruz de Querétaro, Oquitoa, Feb. 5, 1805, AGI, Mex., 2736.

Pérez Llera, José María, O.F.M. Apuntes sobre los acontecimientos acaecidos en este colegio de la Santisima Cruz de Querétaro desde el año de 1821 y sus misiones hasta el mes de diciembre de 1844, ACQ.

Reyes, Antonio María de los, O.F.M. Manifiesto estado de Sonora, México, April 20, 1772, AGN, Misiones, 14.

______. Noticia y estado actual de las misiones que en la provincia de Sonora administran los padres del colegio de propaganda fide de la Santa Cruz de Querétaro, México, July 6, 1772, AGN, Misiones, 14.

Testimony in the cause of Juan Cris&ocaute;stomo Gil de Bernabé, O.F.M., June-Oct., 1782, FGA, vol. XI/34, no. 36.

Tubac, Libros de Tubac, fragmentary marriage and burial records, 1814-1824, BL, M-M 411.


Books, Articles, and Miscellaneous Works

Adams, Judge F. "Tucson in 1847," Arizona Historical Review, vol. 1 (1928-1929), no. 4, pp. 83-85.

Almada, Francisco R. Diccionario de historia, geografía y biografía sonorenses, Chihuahua, Ruiz Sandoval, 1952.

Andrade, Vicente de P. Noticias biográficas sobre los ilustrísimos prelados de Sonora, de Sinaloa y de Durango, México, Imprenta del Museo Nacional, 1899.

Arricivita, Juan Domingo, O.F.M. Crónica seráfica y apostólica del Colegio de Propaganda Fide de la Santa Cruz de Querétaro en la Nueva España, segunda parte, México, Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros, 1792.

Aviraneta e Ibargoyen, Eugenio de. Mis memorias íntimas, 1825-1829, México, José L. Vallejo, 1906.

Baldonado, Luis, O.F.M. "The Dedication of Caborca," The Kiva, vol. 24 (1959), no. 4, inside back cover.

______, ed. "Missions San José de Tumacácori and San Xavier del Bac in 1774," The Kiva, vol. 24 (1959), no. 4, pp. 21-24.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe, History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, San Francisco, The History Company, 1889, Albuquerque, Horn and Wallace, 1962.

______. History of the North Mexican States and Texas, 2 vols., San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft, 1884-1889.

Barbastro, Fr. Francisco Antonio. See Gómez Canedo.

Bartlett, John Russell. Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, 2 vols., New York, D. Appleton and Co., 1854.

Basso, Keith H., ed. Western Apache Raiding and Warfare, from the notes of Grenville Goodwin, Tucson, The University of Arizona Press, 1971.

Bean, Lowell John, and William Marvin Mason. Diaries and Accounts of the Romero Expeditions in Arizona and California, 1823-1826, Los Angeles, Ward Ritchie Press, 1962.

Beilharz, Edwin A. Felipe de Neve, First Governor of California, San Francisco, California Historical Society, 1971.

Benavides, Alonso de, O.F.M. The Memorial of Fray Alonso de Benavides, 1630, trans. Mrs. Edward E. Ayer, Chicago, privately printed, 1916.

Biso, J. Lucas. "Resumen breve y explicatorio de los pueblos del partido de Arizpe," Ures, March 8, 1850, Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadistica, primera época, vol. 2 (1864), pp. 62-67.

Bobb, Bernard E. The Viceregency of Antonio María Bucareli in New Spain, 1771-1779, Austin, University of Texas Press, 1962.

Bolton, Herbert E. Anza's California Expeditions, 5 vols., Berkeley, University of California Press, 1930.

______. "The Early Explorations of Father Garcés on the Pacific Slope," The Pacific Ocean in History, ed. H. Morse Stephens, New York, Macmillan, 1917.

______. Guide to Materials for the History of the United States in the Principal Archives of Mexico, Washington, D.C., Carnegie Institution, 1913, New York, Kraus Reprint, 1965.

______. "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, vol. 23 (1917), pp. 42-61.

______. Rim of Christendom: A Biography of Eusebio Francisco Kino, Pacific Coast Pioneer, New York, Macmillan, 1936.

Borges, Pedro. Análisis del conquistador Espíritual de América, Sevilla, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1961.

______. Métodos misionales en la cristianización de América, siglo XVI, Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1960.

Bowman, J. N., and Robert F. Heizer. Anza and the Northwest Frontier of New Spain, Los Angeles, Southwest Museum, 1967.

Brady, Ralph Hamilton. "The Franciscans in Pimería Alta," unpublished M.A. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1925.

Breve apostólico de Pío Sexto y estatutos generales para la erección y gobierno de las custodias de misioneros franciscos observantes de propaganda fide en las Provincias Internas de Nueva España, Madrid, Joachín Ibarra, 1781.

Brinckerhoff, Sidney B. "The Last Years of Spanish Arizona, 1786-1821," Arizona and the West, vol. 9 (1967), pp. 5-20.

______, and Odie B. Faulk. Lancers for the King: A Study of the Frontier Military System of Northern New Spain, with a Translation of the Royal Regulations of 1772, Phoenix, Arizona Historical Foundation, 1965.

Bringas de Manzaneda y Encinas, Diego Miguel, O.F.M. Sermón que en las solemnes honras celebradas en obsequio de los VV. PP. Predicadores Apostólicos Fr. Francisco Tomás Hermenegildo Garcés, Fr. Juan Marcelo Díaz, Fr. José Matías Moreno, Fr. Juan Antonio Barreneche . . . el 19 de julio de 1794, Madrid, Fermín Villalpando, 1819.

Browne, J. Ross. Adventures in the Apache Country: A Tour Through Arizona and Sonora, with Notes on the Silver Regions of Nevada, New York, Harper and Brothers, 1871.

Burrus, Ernest J. , S.J. "Rivera y Moncada, Explorer and Military Commander of Both Californias, in the Light of His Diary and Other Contemporary Documents," Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 50 (1970), pp. 682-92.

______, ed. Diario del Capitán Comandante Fernando de Rivera y Moncada con un apéndice documental, 2 vols., Madrid, Ediciones José Porrua Turanzas, 1967.

Calderón Quijano, José Antonio, ed. Los virre yes de Nueva España en el reinado de Carlos III, 2 vols., Sevilla, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1967-1968.

Carlisle, Charles R., and Bernard L. Fontana, eds. "Sonora in 1773: Reports by Five Jaliscan Friars," Arizona and the West, vol. 11 (1969), pp. 39-56, 179-90.

Castetter, Edward F., and Willis H. Bell. Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1942.

______, and Ruth M. Underhill. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, Uni versity of New Mexico Bulletin, whole no. 275 (1935).

Chapman, Charles E. Catalogue of Materials in the Archivo General de Indias for the History of the Pacific Coast and the American Southwest, Berkeley, Univer sity of California Press, 1919.

______. The Founding of Spanish California: The Northwestward Expansion of New Spain, 1687-1783, New York, Macmillan, 1916.

Chávez, Fray Ang&deacute;lico. Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, 1678-1900, Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1957.

Collins, Karen Sikes, ed. "Fray Pedro de Arriquibar's Census of Tucson, 1820" [1797], The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 11 (1970), pp. 14-22.

Cooper, Donald B. Epidemic Disease in Mexico City, 1761-1813: An Administrative, Social, and Medical Study, Austin, University of Texas Press, 1965.

Coronación canónica de Nuestra Señora de Monlora, Zaragoza, Zaragoza Deportiva, 1963.

Couts, Cave J. See Dobyns.

Cozzens, Samuel Woodworth. The Marvellous Country; or, Three Years in Arizona and New Mexico, The Apaches' Home, Boston, Henry L. Shepard and Co., 1874.

Croix, Teodoro de. See Thomas.

Cullimore, Clarence. "A California Martyr's Bones," California Historical Society Quarterly, vol. 33 (1954), pp. 13-21.

Cumberland, Charles C. Mexico: The Struggle for Modernity, New York, Oxford University Press, 1968.

DiPeso, Charles C. The Sobaipuri Indians of the Upper San Pedro River Valley, Southeastern Arizona, Dragoon, Ariz., Amerind Foundation, 1953.

______. The Upper Pima of San Cayetano del Tumacacori: An Archaeohistorical Reconstruction of the Ootam of Pimería Alta, Dragoon, Ariz., Amerind Foundation, 1956.

Dobyns, Henry F., ed. Hepah, California! The Journal of Cave Johnson Couts from Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico to Los Angeles, California during the years 1848-1849, Tucson, Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, 1961.

______. "Indian Extinction in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley, Arizona," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 38 (1963), pp. 163-81.

______. Lance, Ho! Containment of the Western Apaches by the Royal Spanish Garrison at Tucson, Lima, Peru, Editorial Estudios Andinos, 1964.

______. "Military Transculturation of Northern Piman Indians, 1782-1821," Ethnohistory, vol. 19 (1972), pp. 323-43.

______. "The 1797 Population of the Presidio of Tucson," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 13 (1972), pp. 205-09.

______. "Tubac Through Four Centuries: An Historical Resume and Analysis," 3 binders, unpublished report for the Arizona State Parks Board, 1959.

______, and Paul H. Ezell. "Sonoran Missionaries in 1790," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 34 (1959), pp. 52-54.

______, et al. "What Were Nixoras?" Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 16 (1960), pp. 230-58.

Documentos para la historia de Méjico, 21 vols., México, J. R. Navarro, 1853-1857.

Donohue, John Augustine, S.J. After Kino: Jesuit Missions in Northwestern New Spain, 1711-1767, Rome and St. Louis, Jesuit Historical Institute, 1969.

Dunbier, Roger. The Sonoran Desert: Its Geography, Economy, and People, Tucson, The University of Arizona Press, 1968.

Dunne, Peter M., S.J., ed. Jacobo Sedelmayr: Missionary, Frontiersman, Explorer in Arizona and Sonora, Tucson, Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, 1955.

Eckhart, George B. "A Guide to the History of the Missions of Sonora, 1614-1826," Arizona and the West, vol. 2 (1960), pp. 165-83.

Ellinwood, Sybil. "Calabasas," Arizoniana, vol. 5 (1964), no. 4, pp. 27-41.

Engelhardt, Zephyrin, O.F.M. The Franciscans in Arizona, Harbor Springs, Mich., Holy Childhood Indian School, 1899.

Escudero, José Agustín de. Noticias estadisticas de Sonora y Sinaloa, México, R. Rafael, 1849.

Espinosa, Isidro Félix de, O.F.M. Crónica de los Colegios de Propaganda Fide de la Nueva España, ed. Lino Gómez Canedo, O.F.M., Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1964.

Ezell, Paul H. "Fray Diego Bringas, a Forgotten Cartographer of Sonora," Imago Mundi, vol. 13 (1956), pp. 151-58.

______. The Hispanic Acculturation of the Gila River Pimas, American Anthropological Association, Memoir No. 90, Menasha, Wis., 1961.

Farriss, N. M. Crown and Clergy in Colonial Mexico, 1759-1821: The Crisis of Ecclesiastical Privilege, London, The Athlone Press, 1968.

Faulk, Odie B., ed. "A Colonization Plan for Northern Sonora, 1850," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 44 (1969), pp. 293-314.

______, ed. "Projected Mexican Colonies in the Borderlands, 1852," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 10 (1969), pp. 115-28.

______, ed. "Projected Mexican Military Colonies for the Borderlands, 1848," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 9 (1968), pp. 39-47.

Flores Caballero, Romeo. La contrarrevolución en la independencia: Los españoles en la vida política, social y económica de México (1804-1838), México, El Colegio de México, 1969.

Fontana, Bernard L. "Biography of a Desert Church: The Story of Mission San Xavier del Bac," The Smoke Signal, no. 3, Tucson, The Westerners, 1961, rev. 1963.

______. "Calabazas of the Río Rico," The Smoke Signal, no. 24, Tucson, The Westerners, 1971.

Forbes, Jack D. Warriors of the Colorado: The Yumas of the Quechan Nation and Their Neighbors, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1965.

Forbes, Robert H. Crabb's Filibustering Expedition into Sonora, 1857, Tucson, Arizona Silhouettes, 1952.

Forde, C. Daryll. "Ethnography of the Yuma Indians," University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, vol. 28, no. 4 (1931), pp. 83-278.

Gálvez, Bernardo de. Instructions for Governing the Interior Provinces of New Spain, 1786, ed. Donald E. Worcester, Berkeley, The Quivira Society, 195 l.

Garcés, Francisco, O.F.M. Diario de exploraciones en Arizona y California en los años de 1775 y 1776, ed. John Galvin, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1968.

______. On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer, the Diary and Itinerary of Francisco Garcés (Missionary Priest) in His Travels through Sonora, Arizona, and California, 1775-1776, ed. Elliot Coues, 2 vols., New York, Francis P. Harper, 1900.

______. A Record of Travels in Arizona and California, 1775-1776, ed. John Galvin, San Francisco, John Howell Books, 1967.

García Conde, Alejo. "El gobernador intendente de Sonora informa . . . [1813]," Memorias de la Academia Mexicana de la Historia, vol. 10 (1951), folletines, pp. 143-78.

Geiger, Maynard, O.F.M. Franciscan Missionaries in Hispanic California, 1769-1848: A Biographical Dictionary, San Marino, The Huntington Library, 1969.

______. The Kingdom of St. Francis in Arizona (1539-1939), Santa Barbara, Calif., 1939.

______. The Life and Times of Fray Junípero Serra, O.F.M., 2 vols., Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1959.

______. Mission Santa Barbara, 1782-1965, Santa Barbara, Calif., Heritage Printers, 1965.

______. "A Voice from San Xavier del Bac (1802-1805)," Provincial Annals (Franciscan Province of Santa Barbara), vol. 16 (1953), pp. 5-11.

Gerald, Rex E. Spanish Presidios of the Late Eighteenth Century in Northern New Spain, Museum of New Mexico Research Records, no. 7, Santa Fe, Museum of New Mexico Press, 1968.

Gómez Canedo, Lino, O.F.M. Los archivos de la historia de America, período colonial español, 2 vols., México, Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia, 1961.

______, ed. Sonora hacia fines del siglo XVIII: Un informe del misionero franciscano Fray Francisco Antonio Barbastro, con otros documentos complementarios, Guadalajara, Librería Font, 1971.

González Flores, Enrique, and Francisco R. Almada, eds. Informe de Hugo de O'Conor sobre el estado de las Provincias Internas del Norte, 1771-76, México, Editorial Cultura, 1952.

Goodwin, Grenville. The Social Organization of the Western Apache, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1942.

______. See Basso.

Gray, A. B. See Southern Pacific Railroad.

Greenleaf, Richard E. "Land and Water in Mexico and New Mexico 1700-1821," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 47 (1972), pp. 85-112.

Habig, Marion A., O.F.M. "The Builders of San Xavier del Bac," The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, vol. 41 (1937), pp. 154-66.

Hamilton, Patrick. The Resources of Arizona, 3rd ed., San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft and Co., 1884.

Hammond, George P., ed. "The Zuñiga Journal, Tucson to Santa Fe: The Opening of a Spanish Trade Route, 1788-1795," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 6 (1931), pp. 1-26.

Hastings, James Rodney. "People of Reason and Others: The Colonization of Sonora to 1767," Arizona and the West, vol. 3 (1961), pp. 321-40.

______, and Raymond M. Turner. The Changing Mile: An Ecological Study of Vegetation Change With Time in the Lower Mile of an Arid and Semiarid Region, Tucson, The University of Arizona Press, 1965.

Hendry, George W. "The Adobe Brick as a Historical source," Agricultural History, vol. 5 (1931), pp. 110-27.

Hernández y Sánchez-Barba, Mario. "Frontera, Población y Milicia (Estudio estructural de la acción defensiva hispánica en Sonora durante el siglo XVIII)," Revista de Indias, vol. 16, no. 63 (1956), pp. 9-49.

______. Juan Bautista de Anza, un hombre de fronteras, Madrid, Publicaciones Españolas, 1962.

______. La última expansión española en América, Madrid, Instituto de Estudios Politicos, 1957.

Herr, Richard. The Eighteenth-Century Revolution in Spain, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1958.

Herring, Patricia R. "A Plan for the Colonization of Sonora's Northern Frontier: The Paredes Proyectos of 1850," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 10 (1969), pp. 103-14.

Holterman, Jack. "José Zúñiga, Commandant at Tucson," The Kiva, vol. 22 (1956), pp. 1-4.

Hufford, Kenneth. "Travelers on the Gila Trail, 1824-1850," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 7 (1966), pp. 1-8, vol. 8 (1967), pp. 30-44.

Ibáñez, Florencio, O.F.M. Los Pastores (The Shepherds), trans. María López de Lowther, Hollywood, Calif., privately printed, n.d.

Ives, Ronald L. ed. "From Pitic to San Gabriel in 1782: The Journey of Don Pedro Fages," The Journal of Arizona History, vol.9 (1968), pp. 222-44.

______, ed. "Retracing the Route of the Fages Expedition of 1781," Arizona and the West, vol. 8 (1966), pp. 49-70, 157-70.

Jackson, Earl. Tumacacori's Yesterdays, Santa Fe, Southwestern Monuments Association, 1951, slightly revised, Globe, Ariz., Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, 1973.

Kendrick, T. D. Mary of Ágreda: The Life and Legend of a Spanish Nun, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967.

Kessell, John L. "Father Ramón and the Big Debt, Tumacácori, 1821-1823," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 44 (1969), pp. 53-72.

______. "Friars, Bureaucrats, and the Seris of Sonora," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 50 (1975), pp. 73-95.

______. "Friars versus Bureaucrats: The Mission as a Threatened Institution on the Arizona-Sonora Frontier, 1767-1842," The Western Historical Quarterly, vol. 5 (1974), pp. 151-62.

______. "The Making of a Martyr: The Young Francisco Garcés," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 45 (1970), pp. 181-96.

______. Mission of Sorrows: Jesuit Guevavi and the Pimas, 1691-1767, Tucson, The University of Arizona Press, 1970.

______. "The Puzzling Presidio: San Phelipe de Guevavi, alias Terrenate," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 41 (1966), pp. 21-46.

______, ed. "Anza Damns the Missions: A Spanish Soldier's Criticism of Indian Policy," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 13 (1972), pp. 53-63.

______, ed. "Anza, Indian Fighter: The Spring Campaign of 1766," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 9 (1968), pp. 155-63.

______, ed. "Father Eixarch and the Visitation at Tumacácori, May 12, 1775," The Kiva, vol. 30 (1965), pp. 77-81.

______, ed. "A Personal Note from Tumacácori, 1825," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 6 (1965), pp. 147-51.

______, ed. "San José de Tumacácori—1773: A Franciscan Reports from Arizona," Arizona and the West, vol. 6 (1964), pp. 303-12.

Kurath, Gertrude P. "The Origin of the Pueblo Indian Matachines," El Palacio, vol. 64 (1957), pp. 259-64.

LaFora, Nicolás de. Relación del viaje que hizo a los presidios internos situados en la frontera de la América Septentrional perteneciente al Rey de España, ed. Vito Alessio Robles, México, Editorial Pedro Robredo, 1939. Translated and edited by Lawrence Kinnaird as The Frontiers of New Spain: Nicolás de LaForas' Description, 1766-1768, Berkeley, Quivira Society, 1958.

Lejarza, Fidel de, O.F.M. "Las misiones de Sonora en un momento de su historia," Missionalia Hispanica, año VI, núm. 16 (1949), pp. 163-87.

Lockwood, Frank C., and Donald W. Page. "Tucson—the Old Pueblo," Arizona Historical Review, vol. 3 (1930-1931), no. 1, pp. 16-58, no. 2, pp. 45-94.

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López, E. Y. Bibliografía de Sonora, Hermosillo, Taller Litográfico del Círculo de Nuestra Señora de Fátima, 1960.

Maas, Otto, O.F.M. Las órdenas religiosas de España y la colonización de América en la segunda parte del siglo XVIII: estadísticas y otros documentos, 2 vols., Barcelona, 1918 and 1929.

Madoz, Pascual. Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de ultramar, 16 vols., Madrid, 1845-1850.

Marín H., Miguel. "Un misionero poblano en la Pimería Alta," Ábside, vol. 32 (1968), pp. 404-25.

Matson, Daniel S., and Albert H. Schroeder, eds. "Cordero's Description of the Apache—1796," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 32 (1957), pp. 335-56.

Mattison, Ray H. "Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 21 (1946), pp. 273-327.

______. "The Tangled Web: The Controversy Over the Tumacácori and Baca Land Grants," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 8 (1967), pp. 71-90.

Maughan, Scott Jarvis. "Francisco Garcés and New Spain's Northwestern Frontier, 1768-1781," unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Utah, 1968.

McCarty, Kieran R., O.F.M. "Apostolic Colleges of the Propagation of the Faith—Old and New World Background," The Americas, vol. 19 (1962), pp. 50-58.

______. "Franciscan Beginnings on the Arizona-Sonora Desert, 1767-1770," unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Catholic University of America, 1973.

McCloskey, Michael B., O.F.M. The Formative Years of the Missionary College of Santa Cruz of Querétaro, 1683-1733, Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1955.

Meigs, Peveril, 3d. The Dominican Mission Frontier of Lower California, University of California Publications in Geography, vol. 7, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1935.

Mendinueta, Pedro Fermín de. Indian and Mission Affairs in New Mexico, 1773, ed. Marc Simmons, Santa Fe, Stagecoach Press, 1965.

Mining and Scientific Press, XL, May 15, 1880.

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